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The Federalists and the Coming of the War, 181 1-1812 Donald R
The Federalists and the Coming of the War, 181 1-1812 Donald R. Hickey“ Most scholars who have written on the origins of the War of 1812 have focused on the Republican party.’ This is not surprising since the Republicans were the dominant party, and it was their decision that carried the nation into war. The opposition, however, has received less attention than it de- serves. The Federalists in this period are usually dismissed as desperate and embittered losers willing to do almost anything to recapture power.2 That politics played a part in Federalist strategy in the War Congress is certainly undeniable. What is rarely appreciated, however, is that policy played a role too. While the Republicans were busy forging a consensus in favor of full-scale war against Britain, the Federalists were formulat- ing their own program for vindicating the nation’s rights. They advocated outfitting and expanding the navy and authorizing merchantmen to arm for defense because they believed that a * Donald R. Hickey is assistant professor of history, Wayne State College, Wayne, Nebraska, and editor of The Midwest Review. Henry Adams, History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison (9 vols., New York, 1889-1891); Alfred T. Mahan, Sea Power and Its Relations to the War of 1812 (2 vols., Boston, 1905); Julius W. Pratt, Expansionists of1812 (New York, 1925); George R. Taylor, “Prices in the Mississippi Valley preceding the War of 1812,” Journal of Economic and Busi- ness History, I11 (November, 1930), 148-63; George R. Taylor, “Agrarian Discon- tent in the Mississippi Valley preceding the War of 1812,” Journal of Political Economy, XXXIX (August, 1931), 471-505; Margaret K. -
Few Americans in the 1790S Would Have Predicted That the Subject Of
AMERICAN NAVAL POLICY IN AN AGE OF ATLANTIC WARFARE: A CONSENSUS BROKEN AND REFORGED, 1783-1816 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jeffrey J. Seiken, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor John Guilmartin, Jr., Advisor Professor Margaret Newell _______________________ Professor Mark Grimsley Advisor History Graduate Program ABSTRACT In the 1780s, there was broad agreement among American revolutionaries like Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton about the need for a strong national navy. This consensus, however, collapsed as a result of the partisan strife of the 1790s. The Federalist Party embraced the strategic rationale laid out by naval boosters in the previous decade, namely that only a powerful, seagoing battle fleet offered a viable means of defending the nation's vulnerable ports and harbors. Federalists also believed a navy was necessary to protect America's burgeoning trade with overseas markets. Republicans did not dispute the desirability of the Federalist goals, but they disagreed sharply with their political opponents about the wisdom of depending on a navy to achieve these ends. In place of a navy, the Republicans with Jefferson and Madison at the lead championed an altogether different prescription for national security and commercial growth: economic coercion. The Federalists won most of the legislative confrontations of the 1790s. But their very success contributed to the party's decisive defeat in the election of 1800 and the abandonment of their plans to create a strong blue water navy. -
Washington City, 1800-1830 Cynthia Diane Earman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School Fall 11-12-1992 Boardinghouses, Parties and the Creation of a Political Society: Washington City, 1800-1830 Cynthia Diane Earman Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Earman, Cynthia Diane, "Boardinghouses, Parties and the Creation of a Political Society: Washington City, 1800-1830" (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 8222. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/8222 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOARDINGHOUSES, PARTIES AND THE CREATION OF A POLITICAL SOCIETY: WASHINGTON CITY, 1800-1830 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Cynthia Diane Earman A.B., Goucher College, 1989 December 1992 MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the Master's and Doctor's Degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Libraries are available for inspection. Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author. Bibliographical references may be noted, but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission. Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work. A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions. -
Ninth Congress March 4, 1805, to March 3, 1807
NINTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1805, TO MARCH 3, 1807 FIRST SESSION—December 2, 1805, to April 21, 1806 SECOND SESSION—December 1, 1806, to March 3, 1807 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1805, for one day only VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE CLINTON, of New York PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL SMITH, 1 of Maryland SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL A. OTIS, of Massachusetts SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—JAMES MATHERS, of New York SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—NATHANIEL MACON, 2 of North Carolina CLERK OF THE HOUSE—JOHN BECKLEY, 3 of Virginia SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—JOSEPH WHEATON, of Rhode Island DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS CLAXTON CONNECTICUT GEORGIA John Boyle SENATORS SENATORS John Fowler Matthew Lyon James Hillhouse Abraham Baldwin Thomas Sandford Uriah Tracy James Jackson 10 Matthew Walton REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE John Milledge 11 Samuel W. Dana REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE MARYLAND John Davenport Joseph Bryan 12 Calvin Goddard 4 Dennis Smelt 13 SENATORS Timothy Pitkin 5 Peter Early Robert Wright 20 Roger Griswold 6 David Meriwether Philip Reed 21 Lewis B. Sturges 7 Cowles Mead 14 Samuel Smith Jonathan O. Moseley Thomas Spalding 15 REPRESENTATIVES John Cotton Smith 8 William W. Bibb 16 Theodore Dwight 9 John Archer Benjamin Tallmadge KENTUCKY John Campbell Leonard Covington SENATORS Joseph H. Nicholson 22 DELAWARE John Breckinridge 17 Edward Lloyd 23 SENATORS 18 John Adair Patrick Magruder 19 Samuel White Henry Clay William McCreery James A. Bayard Buckner Thruston Nicholas R. Moore REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE REPRESENTATIVES Roger Nelson James M. -
Calculated for the Use of the State Of
mi 317.3M31 M41 A ARCHIVES Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2009 witli funding from University of IVIassacliusetts, Boston littp://www.arcliive.org/details/pocketalmanackfo1816amer ; MASSACHUSETTS ' AND \8;^5/^f RA^'' United States CaTendar For the Year of our LORD 1816, and the Fortieth oi American Independence. CONTAINING » Civi'i, Judicial^ Ecclefajlkal, and Military Lifts in MASSACHUSETTS; Associations, and Corporate Institutions] for literary, agricultural, and charitable Purpofes. A Lijl of Post-Towns in Majfachufcttr^, with tht Names of the Po s t-Ma s t k r s . ALSO, Catalogues of the Officers of the GENERAL GOVERNMENT, its With feveral Departments and Eftablifhments ; Times of the Sittings of the feveral Courts; Governors in each State j USEFUL TABLES; And a Variety of other interefting Articles. boston: Published by JamesLori7ig;^nd West S^ Richardson Sold, wholefale and retail, at their Book-Stores, Comhill. : ECLIPSES IN 1816. THERE v?HI be Four Eclipses this year ; two of the Sun, and two of the Moon. I. The fir^t will be of the Sun, May 26, lOh. 23m. eve- ning. Not visible at Bost' .n. II. The second wiil be of the Moon, June 9, and visi- ble at Boston, as follows H . M. The Moon will rise ecli;ised at 7 26 -^ Beginning of total darkness 7 55 I Middle, - - - - 8 31 Evening. J- End of tdtal darkness, - 9 7 1 End of the Eclipse, - - 10 16 J Digits eclipsed, 14 deg. 56 ni. from S. sideEardi's shadow. III. The third will be of the Sun, Nov. 19, 5h. 39iti. -
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THIRTEENTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1813, TO MARCH 3, 1815 FIRST SESSION—May 24, 1813, to August 2, 1813 SECOND SESSION—December 6, 1813, to April 18, 1814 THIRD SESSION—September 19, 1814, to March 3, 1815 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—ELBRIDGE GERRY, 1 of Massachusetts PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—JOSEPH B. VARNUM, 2 of Massachusetts; JOHN GAILLARD, 3 of South Carolina SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL A. OTIS, 4 of Massachusetts; CHARLES CUTTS, 5 of New Hampshire SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—MOUNTJOY BAYLY, of Maryland SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—HENRY CLAY, 6 of Kentucky; LANGDON CHEVES, 7 of South Carolina CLERK OF THE HOUSE—PATRICK MAGRUDER, 8 of Maryland; THOMAS DOUGHERTY, 9 of Kentucky SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS DUNN, of Maryland DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS CLAXTON CONNECTICUT William H. Wells, 12 Dagsborough KENTUCKY REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE SENATORS SENATORS Chauncey Goodrich, 10 Hartford Thomas Cooper, Georgetown George M. Bibb, 18 Lexington David Daggett, 11 New Haven Henry M. Ridgely, Dover George Walker, 19 Nicholasville Samuel W. Dana, Middlesex William T. Barry, 20 Lexington GEORGIA Jessie Bledsoe, 21 Lexington REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE SENATORS Isham Talbot, 22 Frankfort Epaphroditus Champion, East 13 William H. Crawford, Lexington REPRESENTATIVES Haddam 14 William B. Bulloch, Savannah James Clark, Winchester John Davenport, Stamford 15 William W. Bibb, Petersburg Henry Clay, 23 Lexington Lyman Law, New London Charles Tait, Elbert Jonathan O. Moseley, East Haddam Joseph H. Hawkins, 24 Lexington Timothy Pitkin, Farmington REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE Joseph Desha, Mays Lick Lewis B. Sturges, Fairfield William Barnett, Washington William P. -
Ocm08458220-1811.Pdf (12.55Mb)
W''. '^^W* 3i7.3M31 1 /•?CHIVES Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive in 2009 witli funding from University of IVIassacliusetts, Boston littp://www.arcliive.org/details/pocketalmanackfo1811amer s^ ^ uiSw;^lflA'^'/^^^;;?^;^^^^ THE MASSACHUSETTS AND UnitedStates Calendar; For the Year of our LORD 1811, the Thirty-fifth of j^merican Independencs, CONTAINING Civil, Judicial, Ecclrfiailicai, and Military Lifts in I ~' MASSACHUSETTS ; Associations, and Corporate Institutions, for literary, agriLuilural, and ckaritable Purpi.les. A Liji of Post-Towns in Majacfuifetts, with th Names of tiie Post-Masters. A r <0, Catalogues of the Officers of the GENERAL GOVERNMENT, With its feveral Departments and Lftabiifhments ; Times of the Sittings of the feveral Courts ; Governors in each State ; PubUc Duties, &c. USEFUL TABLES; And a Variety of other interefting Articles. boston: Publifhed by JOHN WEST & Co. and MANNING & LORING. Sold, ^vholefale and retail, at their Book Stores, Cornhill. r ECLIPSES FOR 1811. THERE will be four eclipfes this year : two of the Surt^ and two of the Moon, as follows : I. The firft will he a small eclipfe of the Moon, Marcb loth, in the morning, vifible, and by calculation as follows H. M. Beginning o 25 ") Middle 1 43^ Apparent time End 3 o ^ morning. Duration 2 35 Digits eclipCl'd 3° 23' on >'s N- limb. II. The fecond will be of the Sun, March 24th, ph. s8m. in the cvf-ning, invifible to us, but vifible andcen- t>al in the Southern Ocean, at 9 o'clock in the foienoon :. >'s latitude 38' S. III. The third will be of the Moon, Sept. -
Federalist Party Unity and the War of 1812
Amer. Stud, iz, i, 23-39 Printed in Great Britain 23 Federalist Party Unity and the War of 1812 DONALD R. HICKEY There is no comprehensive study of Federalist opposition to the War of 1812. The fragmentary studies that exist suggest a party divided between New England extremists on the one hand and moderates in the Middle and Southern States on the other. In this interpretative framework, Federalists to the south and west are invariably portrayed as " good" Federalists, that is, as patriots who consciously and decisively rejected New England's leadership in order to support the war or at least maintain a discreet neutrality.1 A closer examination of the subject, however, sug- Donald R. Hickey is a member of the History Department at Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, Texas. A version of this paper was read at the Annual Convention of the Organiza- tion of American Historians in Atlanta, Georgia, April 1977. For helpful criticism of earlier drafts, the author is indebted to Robert McColley of the University of Illinois, Morton Borden of the University of California at Santa Barbara, Jerry Martin of the University of Colorado, and Vance Burke of Chicago. 1 The older studies focus on New England's opposition, giving the impression that Federalists elsewhere supported the war. See Henry Adams, History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson and Madison, 9 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1889-91), 6, 399-403, 8, 1-23, 287-310; John Bach McMaster, A History of the People of the United States, 8 vols. (New York: D. -
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ELEVENTH CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1809, TO MARCH 3, 1811 FIRST SESSION—May 22, 1809, to June 28, 1809 SECOND SESSION—November 27, 1809, to May 1, 1810 THIRD SESSION—December 3, 1810, to March 3, 1811 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 4, 1809, to March 7, 1809 VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—GEORGE CLINTON, of New York PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—ANDREW GREGG, 1 of Pennsylvania; JOHN GAILLARD, 2 of South Carolina; JOHN POPE, 3 of Kentucky SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—SAMUEL A. OTIS, of Massachusetts SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—JAMES MATHERS, of New York SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—JOSEPH B. VARNUM, 4 of Massachusetts CLERK OF THE HOUSE—PATRICK MAGRUDER, 5 of Maryland SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS DUNN, of Maryland DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS CLAXTON CONNECTICUT GEORGIA Matthew Lyon, Eddyville SENATORS SENATORS Samuel McKee, Lancaster James Hillhouse, 6 New Haven John Milledge, 12 Augusta Samuel W. Dana, 7 Middlesex 13 Charles Tait, Elbert MARYLAND Chauncey Goodrich, Hartford William H. Crawford, Lexington REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE SENATORS Epaphroditus Champion, East William W. Bibb, Petersburg Haddam Howell Cobb, Louisville Samuel Smith, Baltimore 8 Samuel W. Dana, Middlesex Dennis Smelt, Savannah Philip Reed, Chestertown 9 Ebenezer Huntington, Norwich George M. Troup, Dublin John Davenport, Stamford REPRESENTATIVES Jonathan O. Moseley, East Haddam KENTUCKY Timothy Pitkin, Farmington John Brown, 18 Centerville SENATORS Lewis B. Sturges, Fairfield Robert Wright, 19 Queenstown Benjamin Tallmadge, Litchfield Buckner Thruston, 14 Lexington Henry Clay, 15 Lexington John Campbell, Port Tobacco DELAWARE John Pope, Springfield Charles Goldsborough, Cambridge SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Philip B. -
The War That Congress Waged
Penn History Review Volume 23 Issue 1 Spring 2016 Article 4 May 2016 The War That Congress Waged Varun K. Menon University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Menon, Varun K. (2016) "The War That Congress Waged," Penn History Review: Vol. 23 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol23/iss1/4 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol23/iss1/4 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Te War Tat Congress Waged The War That Congress Waged Varun K. Menon As the leaves began to reach their boldest reds, oranges, and yellows across the Potomac River Valley in early November 1811, Henry Clay and his family fnally arrived in the nation’s capital after a seemingly endless journey along the rugged roads from their Kentucky home. His wife, Lucretia, had insisted that their six children accompany her if she were to sustain the long trip to Washington D.C. Ever the “Great Compromiser,” a reputation he was destined to earn over a long career ahead of him in the United States (U.S.) Congress, Clay acquiesced to her demands in order to gain the desired outcome: he wanted his wife to be at his side for the beginning of this next exciting chapter in his life.1 The 34-year-old Kentucky Republican had come to Washington D.C. to begin his third stint in Congress, having been previously appointed by the Kentucky Legislature two times to temporarily replace outgoing senators. -
Calculated for the Use of the State Of
317.3M31 M41 fcHlV&* Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from University of Massachusetts, Boston http://www.archive.org/details/pocketalmanackfo1812amer A .N ; ; (i\ i h (fT^n- SJi^rrtHi I^Vttn^r-^-Vr*! j^c.-^\^n^ym <CVnr«CVnTf?iWjnCWnriCVT a^? THE MASSACHUSETTS i 3&egtfter AND United States Calendar For the Year of our LORD 18 12 he Thirty-fixth of American Independence, CONTAINING 1 Civil, Judicial, Ecc'i '(lien , and Military Lifts in MASSACHUSETTS ; Associations, and Coxpofait, Institutions, for horary, agricultural, and charitavle Purpofes. i Lijl of Post-Towns in Majfachvfd's, with th Names of ike Post-Masters. ALSO, Catalogues of the Officers of the GENERAL GOVERNMENT, Wi h its fever?' Departments and Eftablilamcnts ; Times of the Sittings of tha feveial Courts ; Governors in each Stare ; Public Duties, &c. USEFUL TABLES And a Variety cf other intereiling Articles. f BOSTON : Published by JOHN WE&T&Co. and MANNING & LOWING So!d, whclcfale and retail, at their Book Stores, Cornhill. \yi^^j^^?^^- ^i3Vjw ^-: : &>*B^S* ^& *»*f| ECLIPSES for 1819. r ? *l'* HERE wil! be fix Kciipfcr, this year ; four of the Sun, X and two of the Mpdnj as follows : I. The firO will be of the Sun, February ictb, 3b. i6rn. in the evenihe; but iavifibk- to the inhabitants of the Unit- ed States. j) *$ latitude i° 22' N. II. The lecond will be a targe and vifiblc eclipfe of the ^/Toon, beginning the 26th and ending the 27th of February, as follows : 11. m. Beginning - - - 1110 Appar. time eve. Beginning of total darknefs o 15} Middle 1 8r Apparent time End of total darknefs - 2 oC morning. -
A New Commonwealth Votes Using GIS to Analyze the Politics of Turn-Of-The-19Th-Century Massachusetts
A New Commonwealth Votes Using GIS to Analyze the Politics of Turn-of-the-19th-Century Massachusetts An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science on March 4, 2013 by Daniel Boudreau and Bryan MacDonald Submitted to: Prof. Jim Cocola – Project Advisor Abstract This Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP) seeks to incorporate innovative techniques of the digital humanities with traditional methods of data organization in order to produce layered and informative representations of early American voting figures. Using Microsoft Excel and Esri ArcGIS, we have developed a geographic information system (GIS) that allows Massachusetts election data for selected House of Representatives races (1798 and 1800) to be topographically displayed alongside insightful demographical data layers. This geographic information system, we argue, serves to advance the objectives of the “A New Nation Votes” databasing project by demonstrating to interested scholars new and meaningful methods of manipulating multiple related sets of historical data. Moreover, we have constructed a comprehensive methodology that explains the construction of the IQP’s GIS representations and illustrates analytical strategies of map interpretation, in order to better inform and instruct future efforts. Through detailed historical analysis of our maps, we demonstrate the immeasurable value of digital mapping as a flexible interpretive tool to be employed within studies of history with expansive scope. i Executive Summary For decades Philip Lampi has been collecting dislocated U.S. elections returns and compiling them, in a project now sponsored by The American Antiquarian Society and known as “A New Nation Votes.” As this initiative turns toward electronic archival, integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) could be valuable.