DOCSLIB.ORG

Download E-Book (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download E-Book (PDF) OPEN ACCESS Journal of Economics and International Finance October-December 2020 ISSN 2006-9812 DOI 10.5897/JEIF www.academicjournals.org About JEIF The Journal of Economics and International Finance (JEIF) is a peer reviewed open access journal. The journal is published monthly and covers all areas of Economics and International Finance. Indexing Economics and Business Studies Database (EconBiz), German National Library of Economics (ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics) Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Open Access Policy Open Access is a publication model that enables the dissemination of research articles to the global community without restriction through the internet. All articles published under open access can be accessed by anyone with internet connection. The Journal of Economics and International Finance is an Open Access journal. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published in this journal are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication without any form of restriction. Article License All articles published by Journal of Economics and International Finance are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Citation should include the article DOI. The article license is displayed on the abstract page the following statement: This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Please refer to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode for details about Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Article Copyright When an article is published by in Journal of Economics and International Finance, the author(s) of the article retain the copyright of article. Author(s) may republish the article as part of a book or other materials. When reusing a published article, author(s) should; Cite the original source of the publication when reusing the article. i.e. cite that the article was originally published in the Journal of Economics and International Finance. Include the article DOI Accept that the article remains published by the Journal of Economics and International Finance (except in occasion of a retraction of the article). The article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. A copyright statement is stated in the abstract page of each article. The following statement is an example of a copyright statement on an abstract page. Copyright ©2016 Author(s) retains the copyright of this article. Self-Archiving Policy The Journal of Economics and International Finance is a RoMEO green journal. This permits authors to archive any version of their article they find most suitable, including the published version on their institutional repository and any other suitable website. Please see http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php?issn=1684-5315 Digital Archiving Policy The Journal of Economics and International Finance is committed to the long-term preservation of its content. All articles published by the journal are preserved by Portico. In addition, the journal encourages authors to archive the published version of their articles on their institutional repositories and as well as other appropriate websites. https://www.portico.org/publishers/ajournals/ Metadata Harvesting The Journal of Economics and International Finance encourages metadata harvesting of all its content. The journal fully supports and implement the OAI version 2.0, which comes in a standard XML format. See Harvesting Parameter Memberships and Standards Academic Journals strongly supports the Open Access initiative. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published by Academic Journals are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication. All articles published by Academic Journals are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Crossref is an association of scholarly publishers that developed Digital Object Identification (DOI) system for the unique identification published materials. Academic Journals is a member of Crossref and uses the DOI system. All articles published by Academic Journals are issued DOI. Similarity Check powered by iThenticate is an initiative started by CrossRef to help its members actively engage in efforts to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism. Academic Journals is a member of Similarity Check. CrossRef Cited-by Linking (formerly Forward Linking) is a service that allows you to discover how your publications are being cited and to incorporate that information into your online publication platform. Academic Journals is a member of CrossRef Cited-by. Academic Journals is a member of the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). The IDPF is the global trade and standards organization dedicated to the development and promotion of electronic publishing and content consumption. Contact Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JEIF Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.org Academic Journals 73023 Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria ICEA Building, 17th Floor, Kenyatta Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya. Editors Prof. Yongrok Choi Prof. S. E. Neaime Department of Economics Department of International Trade Inha University Institute of Financial Economics American University of Beirut Incheon, Beirut, Korea. Lebanon. Prof. Anyanwu John Chukwudi Prof. Nathalie Jeanne-Marie Hilmi Development Research Department International University of Monaco African Development Bank Tunis, Hedge Funds Research Institute Monte-Carlo, Tunisia. France. Dr. Adrei Vernikov Prof. Osamah M. Al-Khazali Banking Department School of Business and Management Higher School of Economics American University of Sharjah, Moscow, UAE. Russia. Prof. Keith Pilbeam Dr. Guneratne B Wickremasinghe Department of Economics School of Accounting Faculty of Business and Law City University Victoria University Northampton Square, Melbourne, UK. Australia. Dr. Meltem Gürünlü Department of Economics and Finance University of Turin G. Prato, Italy. Editorial Board Dr. Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu Dr. Nikolay Sukhomlin Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Autonomous University Accra, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Ghana. Dr.ilhan Ozturk Prof. Dev Tewari Çag University Faculty of Management Studies Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences School of Economics and Finance University of KwaZulu-Natal Mersin, Turkey. Durban, South Africa. Prof. Abdelkader Boudriga Department of Finance Dr. Tarek Chebbi Faculty of Law, Economics and Political Science School of Economics and Commerce Tunis, University of Sousse Tunisia. Sousse, Tunisia. Dr. Shivakumar Deene Prof. Hichri Walid Dept. of Commerce and Management, Karnataka State Open University, Gate & Uinversity of Lyon, Manasagangotri, Ecully, India. France. Dr. P. Malyadri Dr. Bora Aktan University of Bahrain Government Degree College, College of Business Administration Osmania University Department of Economics & Finance Tandur, India. Isa Town, Bahrain. Dr. Faten Hakim Ghorbel Dr. Davide Furceri Higher Institute of Business Administration Office of the Chief Economist Sfax, Tunisia. Economics Department Paris Cedex, France. Dr. John Mirikitani College of International Studies Dr. Abdul Jalil Hallym University Wuhan University Gangwon-do, Economics and Management School South Korea. Wuhan, China. Dr. Adrian Taran-Morosan Lucian Blaga University Prof. Silvia Ciotti Sibiu, Dept of Social and Environmental Sciences Romania. St. John International University Vinovo, Dr. Yongrok Choi Italy Inha University Incheon, Prof. Tessaleno Devezas South Korea. Advanced Materials and Technological Forecasting University of Beira Interior Dr. Hasan Muhammad Mohsin Covilhã, Quaid-i-Azam University Portugal. Islamabad, Pakistan. Editorial Board Dr. Rajender Kumar Dr. Abdul Qayyum Khan Department of Commerce COMSATS, Institute of Information Technology Rajdhani College Wah Cantt, University of Delhi Pakistan. New Delhi, India. Dr. Gillariose Raju Department of Commerce Dr. Hasan Fauzi University of Kerala ICSEARD-Faculty of Economics Palayam India. Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Indonesia. Dr. Richard J. Cebula Jacksonville University Davis College of Business Dr. Meltem Gurunlu Jacksonville, FL Maltepe Universitesi IIBF Istanbul, USA. Turkey. Dr. Christophe Schinckus University of Leicester & London School of Economics Dr. Hassan R. Alhajhoj University of Leicester School of Business King Faisal University School of Management Hofuf, Leicester, Saudi Arabia. UK. Dr.Yudong Wang Dr. Qaiser Rafique Yasser University Malaysia Sarawak, Antai College of Economics and Management Sarawak, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Malaysia. Shanghai, China. Dr. Ayub Mehar SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry Dr. Gbadebo Olusegun Abidemi Odularu Karachi, Forum For Agricultural Research In Africa (Fara) Pakistan. Ghana. Dr. Aura Emanuela Domil Dr. Silviu Beciu West University from Timisoara Department of Management and Marketing Faculty of Economics and Business Administration University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, Bucharest Romania. Romania. Dr. Ken Chamuva Shawa Dr. Sangita Dutta Gupta Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Economics and Entrepreneurship
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    -his paper is preparad for staff use and is not for publication. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Bank. Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIOAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION .velopment Economics Staff Working Paper No. 189 September 1974 STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPENT A CRITIQUE OF THE BASIC DATA Public Disclosure Authorized A critical evaluation and compilation of some basic data needed for constructing statistical indicators of industrial development are presented in this paper. The data on manufacturing output, value added, employment, wages, industrial labor force, and manufactured and semi- manufactured exports at the aggregated sector level; on GNP, population, geographical area, and total merchandise trade; and on human resources: skills, education, and nutrition are compiled for about 100 countries. The data on value added at sub-sector level, on manufactured and semi- manufactured imports, on various measures of import substitution and on demand-sources of industrial growth are presented only for selected countries. Some ratios for 1971 and growth rates for 1960-1972 are calculated. Public Disclosure Authorized The data on manufacturing value added, manufactured exports and imports, and merchandise exports, assembled from various sources are evaluated. Several points emerge: four definitions of manufactured exports, frequently used interchangeably, lead to very different results with regard to absolute levels, growth rates, or ratios of manufactured. exports to merchandise exports. The differences are so large that very often no meaningful conclusions can be drawn. The absolute levels and growth rates of manufacturing production also differ consiaerably. A careful evaluxation of the basic data and standardization of the defini- tions are thus essential.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Currencies Sorted by Iso Currency Code and Country Or Area Name
    ANNEX F.II LIST OF CURRENCIES SORTED BY ISO CURRENCY CODE AND COUNTRY OR AREA NAME Currency ISO code Currency name Country name AED UAE Dirham United Arab Emirates AFN Afghani Afghanistan ALL Lek Albania AMD Armeniam Dram Armenia ANG Netherlands Antillian Guilder Curaçao ANG Netherlands Antillian Guilder Sint Maarten AOA Kwanza Angola ARS Argentine Peso Argentina AUD Australian Dollar Australia AUD Australian Dollar Christmas Island AUD Australian Dollar Cocos (Keeling) Islands AUD Australian Dollar Kiribati AUD Australian Dollar Nauru AUD Australian Dollar Tuvalu AWG Aruban Florin Aruba AZN Azerbaijanian Manat Azerbaijan BAM Convertible Mark Bosnia and Herzegovina BBD Barbados Dollar Barbados BDT Taka Bangladesh BGN Bulgarian Lev Bulgaria BHD Bahraini Dinar Bahrain BIF Burundi Franc Burundi BMD Bermudian Dollar Bermuda BND Brunei Dollar Brunei Darussalam BOB Boliviano Bolivia (Plurinat.State) BRL Brazilian Real Brazil BSD Bahamian Dollar Bahamas BTN Ngultrum Bhutan BWP Pula Botswana BYN Belarusian Ruble Belarus BZD Belize Dollar Belize CAD Canadian Dollar Canada CDF Congolese Franc Congo, Dem. Rep. of the CHF Swiss Franc Liechtenstein CHF Swiss Franc Switzerland CLP Chilean Peso Chile CNY Yuan Renminbi China COP Colombian Peso Colombia CRC Costa Rican Colón Costa Rica CUP Cuban Peso Cuba CVE Cabo Verde Escudo Cabo Verde CZK Czech Koruna Czechia DJF Djibouti Franc Djibouti DKK Danish Krone Denmark DKK Danish Krone Faroe Islands DKK Danish Krone Greenland DOP Dominican Peso Dominican Republic DZD Algerian Dinar Algeria EGP Egyptian Pound
    [Show full text]
  • The Monetary Geography of Africa This Page Intentionally Left Blank 2284-00 FM.Qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page Iii
    2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page i the monetary geography of africa This page intentionally left blank 2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page iii The monetary geography of africa paul r. masson catherine pattillo brookings institution press Washington, D.C. 2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page iv Copyright © 2005 the brookings institution 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 www.brookings.edu All rights reserved Base map art © Mountain High Maps Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Masson, Paul R. The monetary geography of Africa / Paul R. Masson and Catherine Pattillo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8157-5500-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Monetary policy—Africa. I. Pattillo, Catherine A. (Catherine Anne) II. Title. HG1325.M377 2004 332.4'96—dc22 2004020089 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials: ANSI Z39.48-1992. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Composition by Circle Graphics Columbia, Maryland Printed by R. R. Donnelley Harrisonburg, Virginia 2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page v To Betsy and To Dave, Camille, and David Michael This page intentionally left blank 2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page vii Contents Foreword ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii 1 Monetary Union in Africa: Past, Present, and Future 1 2 African Currency Regimes since World War II 12 3 Criteria for Currency Unions or the Adoption of Another Currency 33 4 African Monetary Integration in Practice: CFA Franc Zone and South African CMA 45 5 Experiences of Countries in Managing Independent Currencies 77 6 Proposed Single Currency for West Africa 95 7 Regional Integration in SADC 113 vii 2284-00_FM.qxd 10/27/04 11:12 Page viii viii contents 8 EAC and COMESA 129 9 A Single Currency for Africa? 147 10 Africa’s Monetary Geography in the Coming Decades 162 Appendixes A Calibration of the Model 171 B Country Vignettes 182 References 197 Index 207 Maps Figure 1-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Information
    METHODOLOGY UPDATES CSA 2021 Company Information SUMMARY OF As part of the methodology development process for the 2021 CSA, we have created new questions and updated existing ones to ensure we are CHANGES: capturing the most material sustainability topics. Please find below the new and updated questions for this criterion in 2021. The question texts and methodology presented may be subject to change at any time before the end of March 2021. In addition, questions may look different in the Online Assessment Tool in terms of question structure and layout. Introduction Reason for update and summary of changes The Denominator questions in Company information were updated to accommodate for the increased number of participants, and therefore the list of currencies was expanded. Additionally, companies now need to provide the end date of their last reporting period. Please note this question is not scored. The question Business Activities was added in 2021 in order to ensure that the data we collect is as accurate as possible, leveraging the CSA as a powerful engagement tool with companies, we are presenting each company with a business activity breakdown for its revenue generating areas. This breakdown has been done based on analyst judgement, using publicly available sources as well as estimations. We are providing the companies the opportunity to review and correct these assumptions within the CSA. So far, companies have been asked to do this as part of the annual Trucost data review. The corrected data will be reviewed by S&P Global analysts and may be used in other questions throughout the CSA or by Trucost to refine and update models used in their analytical tools.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Iso 3166 2 Iso 4217
    Country Country code1 Currency Currency code2 Afghanistan AF Afghani AFN Albania AL Lek ALL Algeria DZ Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa AS US Dollar USD Andorra AD Euro EUR Angola AO Kwanza AOA Anguilla AI East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antarctica AQ No universal currency Antigua and Barbuda AG East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina AR Argentine Peso ARS Armenia AM Armenian Dram AMD Aruba AW Aruban Florin AWG Australia AU Australian Dollar AUD Austria AT Euro EUR Azerbaijan AZ Azerbaijan Manat AZN Bahamas BS Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain BH Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh BD Taka BDT Barbados BB Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus BY Belarusian Ruble BYN Belgium BE Euro EUR Belize BZ Belize Dollar BZD Benin BJ CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Bermuda BM Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan BT Ngultrum BTN Bolivia (Plurinational State of) BO Boliviano BOB Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba BQ US Dollar USD Bosnia and Herzegovina BA Convertible Mark BAM Botswana BW Pula BWP Bouvet Island BV Norwegian Krone NOK Brazil BR Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Territory IO US Dollar USD Brunei Darussalam BN Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria BG Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso BF CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Burundi BI Burundi Franc BIF Cabo Verde CV Cabo Verde Escudo CVE Cambodia KH Riel KHR Cameroon CM CFA Franc BEAC XAF Canada CA Canadian Dollar CAD Canary Islands XB Euro EUR Cayman Islands KY Cayman Islands Dollar KYD 1 ISO 3166 2 ISO 4217 Central African Republic CF CFA Franc BEAC XAF Ceuta and Melilla XC Euro EUR Chad TD CFA Franc BEAC XAF Chile CL Chilean Peso CLP China CN Yuan Renminbi CNY
    [Show full text]
  • Exchange Rate Statistics 15-09-2021 46
    Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 15-09-2021 46 VII. ISO currency codes * ISO ISO ISO code Currency Country 1 or territory code Currency Country 1 or territory code Currency Country 1 or territory AED United Arab United Arab CUC Convertible peso Cuba 1 GMD Dalasi Gambia Emirates dirham Emirates CUP Cuban peso Cuba GNF Guinean franc Guinea AFN Afghani Afghanistan CVE Cabo Verde escudo Cabo Verde GTQ Quetzal Guatemala ALL Albanian lek Albania CZK Czech koruna Czechia GYD Guyana dollar Guyana AMD Armenian dram Armenia ANG Netherlands Curaçao DJF Djibouti franc Djibouti Antillean guilder Sint Maarten HKD Hong Kong dollar Hong Kong (southern part) DKK Danish krone Denmark Faroe Islands HNL Lempira Honduras AOA Kwanza Angola Greenland HRK Kuna Croatia ARS Argentine peso Argentina DOP Dominican peso Dominican Republic HTG Gourde Haiti AUD Australian dollar Australia DZD Algerian dinar Algeria Christmas Island HUF Hungarian forint Hungary Cocos Islands Kiribati Nauru EGP Egyptian pound Egypt Norfolk Island IDR Indonesian rupiah Indonesia Tuvalu ERN Nakfa Eritrea ILS New shekel Israel AWG Aruban florin Aruba ETB Birr Ethiopia INR Indian rupee India AZN Azerbaijan Azerbaijan EUR Euro Austria Bhutan manat Belgium Cyprus IQD Iraqi dinar Iraq Estonia Finland IRR Iranian rial Iran, Islamic France Republic of BAM Convertible marka Bosnia and Germany Herzegovina Greece ISK Icelandic krona Iceland Ireland BBD Barbados dollar Barbados Italy Latvia BDT Taka Bangladesh Lithuania Luxembourg JMD Jamaican dollar Jamaica BGN Bulgarian lev Bulgaria
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Demographics
    Confidential Sickle Cell DB Version 7 Page 1 of 7 Extended Demographics Research Subject ID Research ID __________________________________ Patient Details 06/08/2019 9:44am projectredcap.org Confidential Page 2 of 7 Country where the data was collected ? Albania Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Democratic Rep of Congo Cote d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Saint Helena Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Other If not an African Country, please specify __________________________________ 06/08/2019 9:44am projectredcap.org Confidential Page 3 of 7 Type of study the patient is enrolled in Meta-Analysis Systematic Review Randomized Controlled Trial Cohort Study Case-control Study Cross-sectional study Case Reports and Series Animal Research Studies Test-tube Lab Researc Treatment Research Prevention Research Diagnostic Research Screening Research Quality of Life Research Genetic studies Epidemiological studies Phase I Clinical trials Phase II Clinical trials Phase III Clinical trials Phase IV Clinical trials Ideas, Editorials, Opinions Date on which the registration was done. (MM/DD/YYYY) __________________________________ Age in months at the time of the interview/test/sampling/imaging. __________________________________ Socio-Demographics What is the highest grade or level of school you have None completed or the highest degree you have received? Nursery Primary Secondary University Refused Don't Know (PX011001 | phenx_current_educational_attainment) 06/08/2019 9:44am projectredcap.org Confidential Page 4 of 7 Please select the income currency for your country.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex F.1 List of Currencies Sorted by Country Or Area Name
    Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) Handbook of Fishery Statistics List of currencies sorted by country or area name Country name Currency name Currency ISO code Afghanistan Afghani AFN Albania Lek ALL Algeria Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa US Dollar USD Andorra Euro EUR Angola Kwanza AOA Anguilla East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina Argentine Peso ARS Armenia Armeniam Dram AMD Aruba Aruban Florin AWG Australia Australian Dollar AUD Austria Euro EUR Azerbaijan Azerbaijanian Manat AZN Bahamas Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh Taka BDT Barbados Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus Belarusian Ruble BYN Belgium Euro EUR Belize Belize Dollar BZD Benin CFA Franc (BCEAO) XOF Bermuda Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan Ngultrum BTN Bolivia (Plurinat.State) Boliviano BOB Bonaire/S.Eustatius/Saba US Dollar USD Bosnia and Herzegovina Convertible Mark BAM Botswana Pula BWP Brazil Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Ter US Dollar USD British Virgin Islands US Dollar USD Brunei Darussalam Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso CFA Franc (BCEAO) XOF Burundi Burundi Franc BIF Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Escudo CVE Cambodia Riel KHR Cameroon CFA Franc (BEAC) XAF Canada Canadian Dollar CAD Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Dollar KYD Central African Republic CFA Franc (BEAC) XAF Chad CFA Franc (BEAC) XAF Channel Islands Pound Sterling GBP Chile Chilean Peso CLP China Yuan Renminbi CNY China, Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong Dollar HKD China, Macao SAR Pataca MOP Taiwan Province of China New Taiwan Dollar TWD Christmas Island Australian Dollar AUD Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian Dollar AUD Colombia Colombian Peso COP Country name Currency name Currency ISO code Comoros Comoro Franc KMF Congo CFA Franc (BEAC) XAF Congo, Dem.
    [Show full text]
  • Currency Selection
    Currency Selection Below is a list of currencies available from Shift and the products and payment methods Consignment Purchase Country Currency Code WIRE IACH Electronic Forwards Options Account and Sale Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) European euro EUR YES SEPA YES YES YES Aland Islands (Finland) European euro EUR YES SEPA YES YES YES Albania Albanian lek ALL YES Algeria Algerian dinar DZD YES American Samoa (USA) United States dollar USD YES YES YES YES Andorra European euro EUR YES SEPA YES YES YES YES Angola Angolan kwanza AOA YES Anguilla (UK) East Caribbean dollar XCD YES Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar XCD YES Argentina Argentine peso ARS YES Armenia Armenian dram AMD YES Aruba (Netherlands) Aruban florin AWG YES Ascension Island (UK) Saint Helena pound SHP YES Australia Australian dollar AUD YES YES YES YES YES YES Austria European euro EUR YES SEPA YES YES YES YES YES Azerbaijan Azerbaijan manat AZN YES B Bahamas Bahamian dollar BSD YES Bahrain Bahraini dinar BHD YES Bangladesh Bangladeshi taka BDT YES Barbados Barbadian dollar BBD YES Belarus Belarusian ruble BYN YES Belgium European euro EUR YES SEPA YES YES YES YES YES Belize Belize dollar BZD YES YES Benin West African CFA franc XOF YES Bermuda (UK) Bermudian dollar BMD YES Bhutan Bhutanese ngultrum BTN YES Bolivia Bolivian boliviano BOB YES This list is subject to change, and currencies are subject to availability. The ability you have to purchase currencies through Shift is subject to the completion and approval of a Shift Account Application and any other documentation deemed to be required by Shift.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monetary Geography of Africa by Paul Masson and Catherine Pattillo
    The Monetary Geography of Africa By Paul Masson and Catherine Pattillo Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations and Acronyms I. Introduction II. African Currency Regimes Since World War II III. Economic and Political Criteria for Currency Unions or the Adoption of Another Currency IV. Lessons from Two African Monetary Unions: the CFA Franc Zone and the South African CMA V. Experiences of Countries in Managing Independent Currencies VI. Proposed Single Currency for West Africa VII. Regional Integration in the Southern Africa Development Community VIII. East African Community and COMESA in East and Southern Africa IX. A Single Currency for Africa? X. Conclusions : the Likely Evolution of Africa’s Monetary Geography in Coming Decades References 9/23/03 The Monetary Geography of Africa Preface This book describes the use of moneys in Africa, currently and in the recent past, and attempts to draw conclusions concerning the evolution of exchange rate regimes in the future. Before getting into the substance, two questions need to be answered: what is the meaning of “monetary geography,” and why is it an interesting topic for Africa? We have adapted the term “monetary geography” from the title of a book by Benjamin Cohen, The Geography of Money1. In that book, Cohen argues forcefully that money has become “deterritorialized,” that is, the circulation of a particular money is no longer coterminous with the country of issue. A prime case in point is the creation of the euro, which is not associated with a single country but rather with a supranational central bank. In addition, foreign currencies circulate widely in many developing countries, because of uncertainty about the ability of the domestic currency to maintain its value.
    [Show full text]
  • Payment and Collection Capabilities
    Payment and Collection Capabilities Africa Americas Eurasia & South Pacific Europe & Middle East PAYMENTS & COLLECTIONS IN LOCAL CURRENCIES SEND PAYMENTS IN LOCAL CURRENCY SEND PAYMENTS IN NON-LOCAL CURRENCY NO COVERAGE CURRENCY NAME PAYMENTS COLLECTIONS Angolan Kwanza AOA • AFRICA Burundian Franc BIF • Botswana Pula BWP • • Congolese Franc CDF • Cape Verde Escudo CVE • Djiboutian Franc DJF • Algerian Dinar DZD • Egyptian Pound EGP • Eritrean Nakfa ERN • Ethiopian Birr ETB • Ghanaian New Cedi GHS • • Gambia Dalasi GMD • Guinean Franc GNF • DJIBOUTI Kenyan Shilling KES • • Comorian Franc KMF • Liberian Dollar LRD • Lesotho Loti LSL • • Moroccan Dirham MAD • • Sao Tome Malgasy Ariary MGA • Mauritanian Ouguiya MRO • Mauritius Rupee MUR • • Malawi Kwacha MWK • • Mozambican Metical MZN • • Namibian Dollar NAD • • Nigerian Naira NGN • • Rwanda Franc RWF • Seychelles Rupee SCR • Saint Helena Pound SHP • Sierra Leonean Leone SLL • Sao Tome Dobra STD • Swazil Lilangeni SZL • • Tunisian Dinar TND • • Tanzanian Shilling TZS • • Note: Currencies not listed as Funding Currencies can be used to PAYMENTS & COLLECTIONS IN LOCAL CURRENCIES make same currency payments only (cannot be sold). Uganda Shilling UGX • • SEND PAYMENTS IN LOCAL CURRENCY Central African CFA XAF • SEND PAYMENTS IN NON-LOCAL CURRENCY West African CFA XOF • NO COVERAGE South African Rand ZAR • • Zambian Kwacha ZMW • • South Sudanese pound SSP • AMERICAS CURRENCY NAME PAYMENTS COLLECTIONS Netherland Antillean ANG • • Guilder Aruban Florin AWG • Barbados Dollar BBD • • Bermudian Dollar
    [Show full text]
  • ISO Standard Currency Codes
    ISO Standard Currency Codes Reference Guide © 2021. Cybersource Corporation. All rights reserved. Cybersource Corporation (Cybersource) furnishes this document and the software described in this document under the applicable agreement between the reader of this document (You) and Cybersource (Agreement). You may use this document and/or software only in accordance with the terms of the Agreement. Except as expressly set forth in the Agreement, the information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and therefore should not be interpreted in any way as a guarantee or warranty by Cybersource. Cybersource assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors that may appear in this document. The copyrighted software that accompanies this document is licensed to You for use only in strict accordance with the Agreement. You should read the Agreement carefully before using the software. Except as permitted by the Agreement, You may not reproduce any part of this document, store this document in a retrieval system, or transmit this document, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Cybersource. Restricted Rights Legends For Government or defense agencies: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government or defense agencies is subject to restrictions as set forth the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and in similar clauses in the FAR and NASA FAR Supplement. For civilian agencies: Use, reproduction, or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at 52.227-19 and the limitations set forth in Cybersource Corporation's standard commercial agreement for this software.
    [Show full text]