-his paper is preparad for staff use and is not for publication. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Bank.

Public Disclosure Authorized INTERNATIOAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION

.velopment Economics Staff Working Paper No. 189

September 1974

STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPENT A CRITIQUE OF THE BASIC DATA Public Disclosure Authorized

A critical evaluation and compilation of some basic data needed for constructing statistical indicators of industrial development are presented in this paper. The data on manufacturing output, value added, employment, wages, industrial labor force, and manufactured and semi- manufactured exports at the aggregated sector level; on GNP, population, geographical area, and total merchandise trade; and on human resources: skills, education, and nutrition are compiled for about 100 countries. The data on value added at sub-sector level, on manufactured and semi- manufactured imports, on various measures of import substitution and on demand-sources of industrial growth are presented only for selected countries. Some ratios for 1971 and growth rates for 1960-1972 are calculated. Public Disclosure Authorized The data on manufacturing value added, manufactured exports and imports, and merchandise exports, assembled from various sources are evaluated. Several points emerge: four definitions of manufactured exports, frequently used interchangeably, lead to very different results with regard to absolute levels, growth rates, or ratios of manufactured. exports to merchandise exports. The differences are so large that very often no meaningful conclusions can be drawn. The absolute levels and growth rates of manufacturing production also differ consiaerably. A careful evaluxation of the basic data and standardization of the defini- tions are thus essential.

Prepared by Vinod Prakash Assisted by: Samuel Akinsete, Naimeh Hadjitarkhani, and A.P.N. Poduval Public Disclosure Authorized Economics of Industury Division Developnent Economics Department Development Policy Staff TALEE OF CONTENTS ?age

Li st of Tables List of Statements i Summ.ary and Conclusions 1 I. Introduction 1 II. Development Indicators 3 III. Indicators of Industrial Development 3 A. Industrial Production: Value Added, Employment, Wages, Gross Output, Product-mix 6 B, Trade in Industrial Produc ts: Manufactures, Semi-manufactures, Direction of Trade, Concentrat.ion or Diversification of Exports 8 C. General: Per Capita Income and Population, Area and Population Density, Human Capital and Technology Compiled 9 IV. Coverage and Scope of the Data Structure General Industrial Data, Industrial D1Xta, Trade Data, Data on Import Substitution, Growth Data on Demand-Sources of Industrial 13 V. Limitations of Data 13 A. General Industrial Statistics List of Developing Countries, Industrial Coverage, Size of Employment, Strategic Considerations, Value Added, Industrial Classification, Reference Period, Non- response, Revision of Data 15 on Trade Manufactures B. Data Trade Trade Classifications, Definition of and Trade in Manufactures, Valuation of Output Sources or Measures 19 VI. Comparability in Data: Alternative of Industrial Data, Comparability Comparability in Manufactured Exports Data, Comparability in in the Merchandise Exports Data, Comparability of Manufactured Exports to Merchandise Ratio Import Sub- Exports, Comparability in Measures of stitutioni, Import Elasticity, and Demand-Sources of Industria:L Growth 119 Selected Bibliography List of Tables

Page 1. General Characteristics of Industrial Development: Absolute and Per Capita Levels, 1971 29

2. General Characteristics of Industrial Development: Ratios, 1971 and Growth Rates, 1960-1971 32

3. General Characteristics of Human Resources: Skilla, Education and Nutrition 34

4. Availability of Industrial Data from Manufacturers' Censuses/Surveys, 1953-1970 37

5. Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in Selected Countries, 1953, 1958, 1960 and 1963-1971 39

6. Industrial Production Index for 1960-1971 and Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in Base Year (1963 - 100) 40

7. Conversion Factors and Exchange Rates, 1960, 19965, 1970 and 1971 42

8. Manufactured Exports as Percent of Merchandise Exports, 1960 and 1965-1972 44

9. Semi-manufactured Exports as Percent of Merchandise Exports, 1960 and 1965-1972 46

10. Manufacture.d and Semi-manufactured Exports as Percent of brchandise Zxports, 1.960 and 1965-1972 48

11. Vallue and Growth Rates of Manufactured Exports, 1960, 1965 and 1970-1972 50

12. Manufactured Inports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitions, 1960 and 1971 52

13. Manufactured Iinports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitions: as Percent of Merchandise Imports, 1960 and 1971 53

14. Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitions as Percent of those under Definition "Total A", 1960 and 1971 54

15. Average Annual Growth Rates (%) of Manufactured Imports in Selected,LCountries According to Various Definitions, 55 1 960-1 971.

16 A. Indicators of Lmport Substitution in Selected Countries, 1963-1971 56 16B. Demand-Sources of Induszrial Growth in Selected Countries, 1963-19 71, . 57 17. Nature of Industrial Classification used by Se).ected Countries, 1953, 1958, 1960, and 1963-1971 58

18. Comparison of Manufacturing Gross 'Value Added and- Industrial Production Index in Selected Countries, 1971- 59 19. Value of Manufactured Exports According to Variou.s Definitions, 1965 and 1971 60

20. Manufactured Exports According to Various Definitions: As Percent of those under Definition "Total All and Growith Rates, 1965 and 1971 62

21. Manufactured Eiports According to Various Definitions as Percen,t of Merchandise Exports, 1965 and 1971 64

22. Comparison of ilerchandise Exports as Reported in Various Documents (Illustration from Latin America and the Caribbean, 1965 axLd 1969) 66

23. Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors, 1953, 1958, 1960,. and 1963-1971 for Selected Countries by YMajor Groups of ISIC (Rev. 1 and Rev. 2). 67 Tables 23.1 to 23.26: ;l Argentina, .2 Brazil, .3 Chile, .4iChina, Republic of, .5 Colombia, .6 Costa Rica, .7 Ireece3 .8 India, .9 Iran, .10 Israel, .11 Ivory Coast, .12 Japan, .13 Kenya, .14 Korea, Republic.ofs .15 Malaysia, Wast, .16 Mexico, .17 Pakistan, .18 Peru, .19 Philippines, .20 Singapore, .21 Spains .22 Thailand, .23 Tunisia, .24 Turkey, .25 Venezuela, .26 Yugoslavia.

List of Statements I. Definitions of Manufactured, Semi-manufactured, and Primary Products. 93 II. List of SITC (Rev.) Codes representing Manufactured, Semi- manufactured, and Primary Products. 98

III. Comparison of Major Groups of ISIC (Rev. 2) with ISIC (Rev.1). 99

IV. Classification of Countries by Employment Coverage in General Industrial Statistics. 101 V. Grouping of Countries by Type of Industrial Classification used in General Industrial Statistics. 102

VI. Country Notes for iManufactured and Semi-manufactured Export Data. 103

VII. Illustrative List of Manufactuired Products not covered in t the Definition "Total B '. 118 Summaar and Conclusions

1. Chenery's pioneering study cn the patterns of industr-ial growth formed a basis for many studies using multiple regression methods. Recently Balassa and Hughes presented several statistical indicators of industrial development. A critical evaluation and compilation of basic data needed for constructing such indicators are presented in tkis paper. A fo-mal analysis to construct the inrdicators will follow in a later paper.

2. Most indicators represernt sore aspects of manufacturing production or trade in Imanufactures, but some relate to the general economy. Some indicators may be in terms of absolute level, growth rate, or a ratio; others may be relative shares for measuring the joint inter-temporal and cross-sectional changes or elasticities. The basic data assembled on these indicators include the data on manufacturing output, value added, employment, wages, industrial labor force, and manufactured and semi- manufactured exports for about 100 countries. The general macroeconomic data relating to GNP, population, labor force, geographical area, and total merchandise trade are also compiled, together with the data On human resources such as per capita calorie consumption, school enrollment, occupational distribution of labor force, and stock of scientists, engineers and technicians. The data on value added at sub-sector level, on manufactured and semi-manufactured imports, on various measures of import substitution and on demand-sources of industrial growth are also processed for selected countries. The period covered, however, is not uniform. Usually the 1960-1972 period is covered, but many indicators relate to 1971 or some other year.

3. This paper discusses the quality and limitations of the relevant data at some length as a basis for future econometric analysis. The limitations of industrial data arise from a variety of reasons including differences in the concepts and definitions used in the coverage by industry, employment size, geographical area or ownership, in the reference unit, in the financial period, and so on. The errors in data may be sampling or observational arnd sometimes both, and may arise fram admiinistrative procedures, time-lags, or the valuation system. The data may also be biased because of inadvertent misclassification, deliberate misspecification, or under/over-reporting due to financial or political considerations. Other limitations discussed in this paper relate to the complications arising from the lack of a standard list of developing countries, incompatibility between industrial census/survey and national income accounts data, a changing nature of non-response, partial coverage because of strategic or other considerations, use of various trade classifications, and use of differing definitions of trade in manufactures. 4. This paper compares absolute levels and growth rates of manufacturing value added., manufactured exports and imports, and merahandise exports assembled from various sources. Several points emerge from this evaluation:

(i) The manufacturing production. and merchandise exports data are far less reliable than is usually taken for granted.

(ii) The four or five definitions of manufactured (or industrial) exports often used interchangeably,. lead to very differdat results 'with regard to absolute levels, growth rates, or ratios of manufactured exports to merchandise exports. The differences are so large that very often no meaningful can be drawn. For instance:

(a) According to various definitions the absolute levels of manufactured exports in 1970/1971 can be $1 or 980 million for Zambia, $4 or 560 million for Zaire, $h5 or 940 million for Venezuela, $50 or 1,030 million for Chile, $16 or 93 million for Tndonesia, $135 or 445 million for Iran, $150 or 5h0 million for Malaysia, and $9.1 or 12. 6 billion for Canada.

(b) Similarly., according to various definitions, the annuaJl growth rates of manufactured exports for 1965-1971 vary so much that for at least 16 developing countries (including Congo, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Sudan) even the direction of change cannot be ascertained, and for the same number of countries (such as Ethiopia, Ghana, Uraguay, and Turkey) the anniial growth rates differ by more than 25 p-erentage points.

(c) Finally, the ratios of manufactured e#ports to merchandise axports differ by more than 60 percentage points for Zambia, Chile, Trinidad and Tobago, Zaire, and Sierra Leone; for ten other developing countries these ratios differ by more than 20 percentage points.

(iii) Although, the alternativa definitions of industrial imports lbad to far fewer problems, the alternative measures of import substitution, import elasticity, and demand-sources of industrial growth, which are conceptually different but often interchangeably used, lead to very different results. For instance, when 1965 and 1971 years are considered for Singapore, the extent of import substitution varies from minus 4% to plus 54%and, the elasticity of manufactured imports to supply of manufactures varies from 0.68 to 0.92 according to the various measures. Similarly, the demand-sources of industrial growth vary considerably: domestic demand (77%.to 113%), export demand (minus 56% to plus 10%), and import substitution (12% to 42%). (iv) The absolute levels and growth rates of manufacturing production also differ considerably according to the sources of data. The manufacturing value added in national income accounts should not be less than that in manufacturing censuses/surveys. The data for the latest available year (which may be 1969, 1970 or 1971) show that this rule is violated in many instances, with national income figures the following proportions of census/ survey data: Brazil (73%), Columbia (86%), Israel (86%), Japan (66%), Tunisia (78%), and Turkey (57%). Similarly, the annual growth rates of real gross value added in man- ufacturing for 1963-1970/1971 may differ considerably: Chile (2.8% or 4.4% forl96 3-1970), Guatemala (4.0% or 7.4% for 1960-1971 ), Panama (10% or 13% for 1960-1971), Spain (8% or 10% for 1963-1971), Tunisia (near zero or 6% for 1965-1971), and Turkey (9% or 11` for 1963-1970). (v) Standardization of the definition of trade In manufactures is thus essential.

(v.i) Indlustry and trade data baiks should facilitate an in- depth evaluation of the basic data, which would improve the quality of the data base used in econometric and iother quantitative studies. 1. This paper provides a critique of basic data needed to construct a series of statistical indicators of industrial development. ken constructed, the indicators will be helpful to economists interested in the comparative analysis of industrial development. The industrial statistics compil5 and critically evaluatled here are not fully systematic or comprehensive,- though uniform standards have been followed possible. as far as With the advancement oL stst.stical methods and computer facilities, there is a tendency to believe that def,:;.encies in data "sophisticated" can be covered by statistical analysis. This may be a mistakea view. methods can reveal Statistical what may not be obvious in a mass of data, but cannot create new information. ,2/

*II. Deveopment Indicators 2. The measurement of soc-oeconomic development is no less the elusive than concept of socioeconomic development. The complexities of the in problem a quantitative analysis, howeNer, have not deterred the commendable made efforts by several scholars i/ and international organizations. The studies pioneering of the UiN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) the establishment led to of the data bank for a large number of social and indicators. economic vi The Institute studied the inter-relationships among indicators the by the "correspondence" system. 5/ The UN ACC DD-2 on Sub-Committee Development Indicators proposed a list of more than 100 indicators countries, for developing including about 20 for industry and trade. 6/. Re6ently Chenery Syrquin have provided and a set of measures of development processes and have tried

1/ The compilation is largely a by-product of our previous activities industry such as, and trade data bank, preparation of Annex 1: Some Indicators industrial of Development, Industry Sector Working Paper. World Bank 0perationss Sectoral Pro&rams and Policies, John Hokins University, Baltimore: 1972. 2/ C. R. Rao: Welcome and Introductory Remarks in C. R. Rao (ed.) Indian Data Base of Econoay, Vol. 1 (Statistical Piblishing Society, Calcutta 2 pp. 3-6. ,

3/ See, for example, Simon Kuznets' celebrated series of ten papers, Aspects "Quantitative of the Economic Growth of Nations", published in Economic Develoment and Cultural Change (1956 to 1.967). 4/ UNRISD: Contents and Measurement of Socioeconomic Development (Praeger, New York, 1972). This study contains many references to earlier studies. 5/ NRISD: Methods of Estimation and Prediction in Socioeconomic Development- (Geneva, 1973)3.

6/ ECOSOC: A System of Overall Review and Appraisal of the Objectives and Policies of the International Development Strategy (Report of the Secretary- General, E/50409 New York, May 1971). -2-

to replace the notion of dichotomy between developing and developed economies with the concept of a transition from one state to the other. I/ This is line with the Kuznets' in concept of a continuum in contrast to Rostowian "stages". 3. In contradistinction to the above mentioned studies measuring in its "development" entirety -- either within an analytical framework or just considerable empirically, work has also been done on relatively narrowly defined the levels measures of or patterns of industrial development. Hollis Chenery's pioneering study on the patterns of industrial growth 2/ formed a using basis for many studies multiple regression techniques. )/ In the course of explaining patterns, development Chenery and Taylor studied the growth patterns of manufacturing sub-sectors. L/ Their study combined cross-couAtry and time-series about data for 50 countries for 1950-1963. More recently Banerji and Donges applied have a multiple regression analysis to the cross-sectional data countries for 70 for 1960 to 1968 to study a change in the share of manufactured in total exports merchandise exports. I/ Balassa and Hughes presented 29 statistical series relating to a large number of countries, and discussed the 'Methodology and its principal pitfalls at a general level. 6/

1/ Hollis B. Chenery and Moises Syrquin: Patterns of Develop=ent, 1950-1970 (Oxford University Press, forthcoming). 2/ Hollis B. Chenery; "Patterns of Industrial Growth", (American Economic Review September 1960, pp. 624-54i).

,/ One of the earliest studies was the United Nations' cross-sectional of 142 study to 53 countries for 1953 and 1958. -See UN: A Study of Industrial Growth (New York, 1963). 14/ Hollis Chenery and Lance Taylor: "Development Patterns: Among Countries and Over Time" (Review of Economics and Statistics, November 391-416). 1968, pp.

5/ The study shows that the share of manufactured exports to merchandise increased, exports pi passu, with per capita GDP and share of value added manufacturing in in GDP. But this pattern was not observed when the was confined analysis to developing economies only. See R. Banerji and J.B. Donges, Economic Development and the Patterns of Maxufactured &xport;s (Kieler DisIcucssionbeitrage No. 16, Institut fur Weltwirtschaft, Kiel, January 1972). 6/ Usually the data referred to the absolute levels in 1953, 1960 and and 1966, to the corresponding growth rates. To circumvent the problems from inflation resulting and non-traded goods, they included the ratio of manufactured exports to total exports, the ratio of value added in manufacturing manufactured to output, the ratio of value added in manufacturing to added value in commodity production and so on. See Bela Balassa and Helen Statistical Hughes, Indicators of Levels of Industrial Development (IBRD Staff Working Paper No. 452, May 1969). III. Indicators of Industrial Development

4. In approaching the choice of indicators, one has to define first be "industrial development" and then identify the factors which may of a considered most suitable to contribute toward it. One can think of great many indicators ranging from per capita in&lome to the state technology, human health or housing condition. Since we are developi not statistical indicators, indicators which cannot be quantified are considered here. Thus, the choice has to be made between the indicators focuses on which can be expressed numerically. Further, since this paper the quality and scope of the available data, the selection of indicators inter- was naturally dictated by the data availability. The problems of short time national comparability, inadequate cross-country coverage, and the series were major concerns behind the selection process. Finally, of growth effects of different indicators are not at all uniform because country, several reasons. For instance, time-lags vary considerably by variable by indicator and they may also change overtime. Very often a proxy is used to represent an indicator because the latter cnnot be measured to human directly and accurately. Many indicators, particularly relating phenomena capital and technology, are at best only imperfect indicators of whether purport to represent. One may legitimately raise the question they to yield the indicators which are subject to so many limitations are likely expected results.

A. Industrial Production of Most indicators of industrial development represent some aspects 5. indicators manufacturing production or trade in manufactures, but some industrial of absolute relate to the general economy. Some indicators may be in terms in US$, levels (which must be presented in a single currency,for instance, growth rate, some to facilitate cross-country comparisons), some in the form of a representing a sectoral or structural change; others may be relative in a ratio or for measuring the joint inter-temporal and cross-sectional changes, shares Reviewing elasticities which are independent of scale and unit of measurement. of indicators from a different angle, some may be directly related the variety suppl;y side. to the demand for manufactures, others may be directly related to the

as 1/ The term "industry" is meant to cover only manufacturing activity, defined by the ISIC (Rev. 2) Major Division 3. It does not include economic activities such as mining, construction, hotels, restaurants, electricity, gas or water. See UN, International Standard Industrial Series M, Classification of All Zconomic Activities (Statistical Papers, No. U, Rev. 2, 1968, pp. 28-29). 4 -

Moreover, variables like the "per ca pita income" are related to both the potential supply of and demand for manufactured products. Since hypotheses are not tested in this paper, the significance of various indicators will be discussed without categorization. A consideration of econometric problems or the dilemmas arising from cause and effect relationships, will also be bypassed for the time being. Finally, the discussion will be confined to those indicators for which reasonablJy comparable and comprehensive date are available.

6. Value Added in Manufacturing: Value added is gross of depreciation, but may be at market price or factor cost. Several variants of value added in manufacturing can be used as indicaitors of industrial development. The absolute level represents the total net size of manufacturing output. The per capita level of value added in manufacturing may be used to represent the level of industrial develo10ent, similar to the way in which per capita incomte represents the level of economic development. Value added per person engagea in manufacturing conventionally represents labor productivity, and similarly ratio of value added to capital stock in manufacturing may represent capital productivity. 1/ The inter-sectoral, inter-temporal or international comparisons of these productivities are subject to numerous limitations including those arising fran trade restrictions, protection, controls, use of official exchange rates, and so on. 2/ Improvements in both these productivities, as represented by the growth in them, may be a major objective in economic deve- lopment. The ratio of value added in manufacturing to GDP., GNP, NDP or NNP is the converitional measure of industrialization. Following Balassa and Hughes this paper also considers the ratio of value added in manufacturing to value added in commodity production as an indicator of industrialization. 2/ 7. Employnient in Manufacturing: Absorption of an increasing pr6porTior of the work force in modern-type activities is an important goal of economic development. A comparison -- international or inter-temporal -- of the proportvicn of work force engaged in manufacturing industry, particularly in modern, factory-type operations, or the growth of employment in manufacturing may indicate the employment potential of the industrial sector. An interseczoral comparison of the ratio and growth rate of manufacturing employment will show the comparative performance of manufacturing activity in this respect.

1/ In general, data on productivity are meagre, especially on capital productivity. The data on factor-proportions, representing capital-labor intensities, are even more scarce. 2/ Balassa and Associates. Structure of Protection in Developing Countries Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1971; Little, Scitovslk and Scott: Industay and Trade in Some Developing Countries Oxford: University ;Press, London, 1970. 3/ "Commodity production" is deSined as the sum of agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fishing; manufacturing; mining and quarrying; and electricity, gas and water. See Balassa and Hkaghes, op cit 8. Wages in Manufacturing: The decomposition of value added in manufacturxing by factor incomes would reveal the compensation of the respective factor inputs. However, data are usually available for the wage component only. The comparisons of the ratio of wages of value added in manufacturing, as well as the wage rate per person employed are useful in many ways. For instance, when the value added to output ratio is the same in two sectors or countries, the effective protection resulting from the same level of nominal protection, cet. par., is the same. But, if the wage components of the value added differ substantially, the implications of the same level of effective or nominal protection for employment and income distribution may be veryr different.

9. Gross Output of Majiufacturin: At least two purposes are served by the data on gross output of manufacturing. First, the supply of manu- factures can be estimated by subtracting exports and adding imports of manufactures. The estimate will be subject to two major qualifications, because of the nonavailability of data on changes in the finished products inventory, and because of the incomparability arising from evaluation problem -- free-on-board (f.o.b.) vs. factor cost (f.c.) or market price (m.p.). Second, the ratio of value added to gross output in manufacturing can be used to derive effective protection if nominal protection is known.

10. Product-mix of Manufactures: All the above indicators relate to the aggregate manufacturing sector, which is obviously non-homogenous, and changes in its composition naturally reflect a variety of phenomena. For instance, a movement from traditional -- technologically simple, resource- based or domestic market oriented -- to nontraditional industries-involving sophisticated technology and developing international competitiveness-- will reveal a maturity in industrialization and consequent advancement in economic growth. To show up such changes manufacturing activity may also be divided by "early, middle, and late industries"2/, by durability of products, by end use of products, and by origin of supply of material inputs.2/ Possibilities of using the UN's Broad Economic Classification can also be explored. 3/

1/ Chenery and Taylor, 2o.p cit., pp. 409 and 412.

2/ Vinod Prakash, Industrialization and Manufacturers' Inventories in India (IBRD Staff Working Paper No. 147, March 1973).

./ UN: Classification b Broad Economic Categories, (Statistical Papers Series M No. 53, New York, 1971). -o -

B Trade in Industrial Products 11. There is no standard definition of "trade in manufacturers". Two basic definitions have been devised by UNCTAD -- Total A. and Total B./ Total A requires the identification of at least 45 SITC (Rev.) codes, usually varying from 1 to 4 digits. Total B requires the identification of additional 13 SITC codes, mostly of 3 and 4 digits. The latter items basically constitute two product groups -- "petroleum and related products" and "unworked non-ferrous (except aluiinum) metals" *2/

12. The adoption of the above definitions involves considerable statistical work, and the deflation of the 58 current value series is not possible because price indices are not available. The UN2,/ and UNqTAD 4_ have therefore devised short definitions of manufacturers -- SITC (Rev.) codes 5 to 8, and SITC (Rev.) codes 5 to 8 minus code 68. As shown later, these short-cut definitions are not suitable for representing the level of manufactured exports or changes thErein. Short-cut definitions are not amenable to the matching of production and trade at industry or sub-sector level. Moreover, with the increasing role of multinational firms in manufactured exports, and consequent special- ization and international sub-contracting,5/ the need for a more detailed trade classification has become more urgent than ever before.

I/ These definitions, given in Statement I are derived from a note jointly prepared by the UN Statistical Office and the UNCTAD Secretariat at the suggestion of the Special Committee on Preferences in May 1965. This note provided the "tentative lists of items included in each category", and suggested further work for a more accurate listing of products. This suggestion apparently could not be adhered to while the Totals A and B definitions were being, devised. See UNCTAD, Trade in Manufacturers of Developing Countries 1970 Review, (TD/B/C.2/O2/ev. 1 New York, 1971, pp. 1 and 8); and The Definition of Primar: Commodities, Semi-manufacturers and Manufacturers (TD/B/C.2/3, Geneva, July 1965).

2/ A complete list of all the SITC (Rev.) codes comprising manufactured products (Total A), semi-manufactured products (Total B minus Total A), sand. primary products (All Merchandise minus Total B) is given in Statement II.

3/ UN. 1967 Supplement to the Statistical Yearbook (New York, 1968, pp. 178 and 183); and World Economic Survey, 969-1970 (New York, 1971, p. 141). Also see Monthly Bulletin of Statistics.

14/ UNCTAD, H{andbook of International Trade and Development Statistics (New York, 1972, p. 9)

5/ G. S. Helleiner: "Manufactured Exports from Less-Developed Countries and Multinational- Firms" (Economic Journal, March 1973, pp. 21-47).

4 t 's , - -7-

13. Trade in Manufactures: Exports from most developing economies have been traditionall;y dominated by primary products. In recent years, exports however, of manufiactured products from these countries have been growing in value both and volume at a considerably higher rate than before and a also at higher rate than non-fuel primary products. It is now almost recognized universaily that these countries must diversify their export structure increasing by and diversifying manufactured (and processed) exports. 1/ Hance, a ratio of manufactured exports to merchandise exports manufacturing and also to output and to GD? can be useful for assessing the outward-oriented results of industrial development strategy and of other industrial policies. 2/ An international comparison of per capita and total manufactured exports and of their growth rates can also be useful in evaluating the level and expansion of manufactured exports. Similarly, manufactured imports data are needed to estimate the supply of manufactures and to assess the extent of import substitution. 3/ 14. Trade in Semi-manufactures: Some countries may be internationally competitive, not because of the acquisition of modern technology, human skills or scale, but mainly because of their natural resource-base. whose manufacture Products and export la.rgely depend on natural resources, and which usually involve minimal processing may be labeled "semi-manufactures". in petroleum Trade and related products (but not petro-chemicals) and non-ferrous unworked metals (but not aluminum) may be considered separately manufactures. from

15. Direction of Trade: The data on direction of trade markets indicate the ad sources of supply of traded goods. These data at level the aggregate are available in many documents, but the exponential expansion of of volume data by products inhibits easy access or manipulation without baaXk.b/ a formal data

1/ President's Memorandum to the Executive Directors on Development Poli2Z for Countries Highly Dependent on Export of Primarr Products .1973). (January 2,

2/ Hollis B. Chenery and Helen Hughes, "Industrialization and Trade Trends: Some issues for the 1970's"in Helen Hughes (ed,) Prospects for Partner- shin, Industrialization and Trade Policies in the 1970's (John Baltimore, 1973). Hopkins,

3/ This assessment, however, is very difficult due to inherent tracing problems in the end-use of imports, especially of components, spares, and materials, and because of the complexity of trade flows levels. and disaggregated 4./ Similarly, terms of trade indicators have not been developed here to be meaningful, because, they require very det,alled quantity and value data which are not readily available and cannot be. handled manually. of Exports: Heavy reliance on 16. Concentration or Diversification in by shares of principal export commodities commodities can be measured can be Export diversification, on the other hand, merchandise exports. exports, and- first, by a movement away from traditional represented, of nontraditional exports. second, by the changes in the product-mix

C. General important PoPulation: The per capita income is 17. Per Capita Income and as well growth rate, and product-mix of imports for determining the level, that some producticn of a country. It is conceivable as of the commodity in determining the level of per capita income may also be important variant stages of growth of per capita and product-mix of exports. In the earlier favor of manufactures, which induces income, the demand structure shifts in not only does the overall share of manufacturing manufacturing production; of the product-mix tends to shift in favor in the economy rise, but heavily if the manufacturing activity is not exportables, particularly two economies with demand and supply pattern/potential of protected.l/ The two countries differ product will be quite different, if the the same national of the domestic in population size. If the two components considerably are considered, it may be size -- population and per capita income market to trade. able to identify their respective contribution density and geographical Population Density: The population 18. Area and availability of may represent the per capita and total area of a country two countries, If the labor/land ratio is the same in natural resources. but relatively are relatively poor in natural resources and both countries is more likely to expand in human resources, the smaller country abundant looking policies, namely, exporting its manufacturing base by adopting outwaard manufactured producta. that human and Technolog': Several studies have shown 19. Human Capital of international ad modern technology are important determinants capital development and trade flows. comparative advantage, and hence of industrial

a controversial hypothesis; Chenery and Syrquin, a. cit. This is 1/ See G. Basevi, "Domestic many studies have not been conclasive. of Political Econom, March/ Demand and Ability to Export", (Journal April 1970, pp. 330-37). Adivantageff B. Kenan, "Skills, Human Crpital, and Comparative 2/ Peter Gapital, Studies Hansen (ed.), Education, Income and Human in W. Lee om i Research, in Income and Wealth, No. 35 (tional Breau New York, 1970, pp. 195-230). -9 -

Education is of "strategic importance"' to the development. 1/ There process of socioeconomic is no simple and direct way of human capital or to measure the stock the state of technology of of human, capital - skilled a country. Three indicators level manpower, educational level, are considered here. 2/ and nutritional

(i) The share of administr4tive, executive, managerial, professional) technical and O and related workers (codes 1 of ISCO) in the work force. 2/ (ii) The gross enrollment ratios for the third levels first, second and of education. The ratio of education for any level is defined ad the total enrollment ages in that level divided of all by the popuilation of the specific age group. v (iii) The per capita calorie consumption per day.5/ Some indicators for scientific availability and technologicaa activities of scientists, engineers such as per capita diture on research and technicians, or per and development can capita expen- consumption be used; similarly, the per of electricity, energy, and capita of industrial steel can be used to indicate technology and its use. levels IV. Coverage and Scope of the Data Compiled 20. General Industrial Data: The general may relate to the value industrial data for a country of output, value added, wages, in manufactures; other merchandise employment and trade industrial trade, national/domestic origin and end use, population, product by occupational geographical area, industrial distribution of labor force; and growth rates derived and per capita levels, ratios, from such data. The data and may be at the sector and/or

1/ Pearson Commission, Partners in Development (Praeger, New York, 1969, p. 41). 2/ Berg, Scrimshaw, and Call (ed.) (I^.I.T. Nutrition.-ational Development Press, Cambridge, 1972). and Plannig, I/11O: International Standard Classification 1958; revised of Occupations (first edition, 1969; Geneva), also edition, Statistics, 1973. IO: Year Book of Labor V4/ UNESCO: Statistical Yearbook, 1972. j/ Similarly the per capita protein consumption can Statistical Yearbook, 1972. be considered. UN: - 10 -

sub-sector level. This paper focuses on aggregate manufacturing activity. Besides the data which have been compiled on industrial production and trade, some data are also assembled to indicate the scientific and tech- nological advancement, state of education, and nutrition levels of the people.

21. General industrial statistics for 126 countries are presented in three tables. Table 1 contains the absolute levels and/or per capita aggregates for 1971, such as the value added, gross output, employment, labor productivity and wage rate in manufacturing; manufactured and merchan- dise exports; GNP, population, geographical area, and population density. Table 2 contains ratios for 1971 and growth rates for 1960-1971. The ratios are: gross value added. in manufacturing to GxDP, to gross value added in commodity production, and to gross manufacturing output; manufactured exports to manufacturing gross output, and to GNP. The growth rates are shown for GNP per capita, population, manufactured and merchandise exports, and four variants of manufacturing value added.l/ In Table i general characteristics of human resources, such as labor force in manufacturing, occupational pattern of labor force, school enrollment, and number of scientists, engineers and technicians, and per capita calorie consumption per day, are given.

22. The information on manufacturing censuses/surveys for the 96 countries (including 71 developing) is outlined in Table 4. This table shows the period for which data are available on number of establishments, number of persons engaged, number of employees, gross output, value added, wages and salaries, and gross fixed capital formation (at current prices). These data relate to more than 75 countries.2/ The information on the nature of industrial classificatiori, employment coverage, and pricing of output is also given in this table. Gross value added in manufacturing for the selected 26 countries I/ for 1953, 1958, 1960 and 1963-1971, normally available in local currency, is presented in US dollars at current prices in Table 5. To facilitate intertemporal comparisons at constant prices, industrial production indexes for 99 countries are givn for 1960-1971 in Table 6. From this table, cross-country comparisons of aggregate manufacturing activity can also be made because absolute values for the base year, which is generally 1963, are given in US dollars.

1/ These variants provide at least two comparisons: (i) the manufacturing value added according to the national income accounts and manufacturing censuses/surveys, anrd (ii) the former at constant and current prices.

2/ For the number of countries varying between 34 and 61, information is also available on the index number and average annual growth rates of deflated value added, quantity of electricity consumed, and manhours worked by operatives.

3/ The 26 countries covered are as follows: (i) East Africa Region: Kenya; (ii) West Africa Region: Ivory Coa.st; (iii) Asia Region: China (Republic of), India, Korea (Republic of), Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand; (iv) EMEA Region: Greece, Iran, Israel, Spain Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Tunisia; (v) IAC Region: Argentina, Brazil, Chiie, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela; and (vi) Japan. - 11 -

23. Tndustrial Strcture Data: The industrial structue has been calculated for the above mentioned 26 countries for 1953, 1958, 1960, and 1963-1971 by the 28 major groups of ISIC (Rev. 2) for 1967 and onward, and by the 20 major groups of ISIC (Rev. 1) for the earlier years. The Rev. 1 and Rev. 2 classifications are meshed as shown in Statement III. The structure in terms of the gross value added at current prices is shown in Tables 23.1 to 23.26.

24. Trade Data: The data on the exports of manufactures, semi- manufactures and total merchandise have been compiled for more than 100 co,=,tries for 1960, 1965, 1970-1972 and in some cases, for intervening years. Untill last year the basic trade data were available only in local currencies. These data have been converted to US dollars by using the UN conversion factors which are given for 122 countries in Table 7, along with the IMF exchange rates. From the UN Trado Yearbook 1970-1971, which was published in 1973, the data are available directly in US dollars. Corresponding to the two elaborate definitions of exports in manufactures, Total A and Total B, the ratios of manufactured exports to total merchandise exports are presented for 99 countries in Tables 8 and 10. Table 9 presents the ratio of semi- manufactures (Total B - Total A) to total merchandise exports. The levels of manufactured exports in 1960, 1965 and 1970-1972 at current free-on-board (f.o.b.) prices in US dollars and the average annual growth rates for 1960-1965, 1960-1970 and 1965-1972 are presented for 109 countries in Table 11. _/ Similar dstba on imports have been presented for an illustrative set of 17 countries for 1960 and 1971 in Tables 12 to 15. 2/ Because an acceptable definition of trade in manufactures requires detailed data at three to five digit levels of SITC (Rev.), the data on trade diversification - by commodity and/or by trading partners - will require an enormous volume of compilatici. Such compilations were beyond the scope of this paper.

25. Data on Import Substitution: Some indicators of import substitution are ill-astrated for seven selected countries for 1963-1971 in Table 16A. zY Total supply of manufactures (Sm) is obtained by adding gross output (Om) and imports of manufactures (&.) availability of manufactures for domestic

1/ Preparatory work on this table showed that whenever a developing economy had devalued. its currency, the growth of exports in terms of foreign exchange earnings was considerably loter than in terms of local currency. This empirical observation seems to reinforce the findings of a recent U.S. Federal Reserve Bank and IMF study which shows that the reaction time for manufactured exports to relative price changes in the developed market economies may be three to five years. See Helen Junz and Radolf Rhomberg: "Price Competitiveness in Export Trade Among Industrial Countries', (American Economic Review, May 1973, pp. 412-18).

2/ The countries are: Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Korea (Republic of), Malaysia (West), Mexico, Nigeria, PakLstan, Tanzania, Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Zaire.

T/These countries are: El Salvador, Ghana, Korea (Republic of), Portugal, Singapore, Spain and Tunisia. 12-

usage (Am) is obtained by subtractixng manufactured exports ( ) from the total supply (Sm). Four indicators of import substitution are calculated: 1/

(a) Incremintal ratio of manufactured imports to:

(i) total supply of manufactures: (Mm/S );

(ii) availability of manufactures: (Mm/A). (b) Ratio of increments in Mm to Sm (or Am): MM mm Mm M or m Am

Purther, six measures of the elasticity of manufactured imports to tot al supply or to availability of mantifactures are calculated.

26. Data on Demand - Sources of .Industrial Growth: Industrial growth. can be analyzed by following the Chenery 2j Lewis-Soligo 3/ framework which separate three sources of growth: (i) domestic demand, (ii) import substitution, and (iii) export demand. Import substitution may be defined in terms of the ratio of industrial imports (Mm) to total supply of manufactures (Sm) or to availability of manufactuxes for domestic usage (A ). The total contribution of these three factors will be: (A A"4) + Am' M- $) + A1 X X Am m A A, .

-I 0 , orv Vson (4- \)+St( 2)- O ) ( -X> ; where the three terms respectively represent the contribution of domestic demand, import substitution and export demand. (Superscripts 0 and 1 indicate the initial and terminal years.) These contributions are calculated for the selected seven countries for 1963-1971 in Table 16B.

1/ Out of these four measures, the two measures using total supply are discussed by Desai. She also discusses two additional measuiw which reauire disaggregated data. See Padma Desai, "Alternative Measures of Import-Substitution', (Oxford Economic Papers, November 1969). 2/ Chenery, op. cit.

3/ Stephen R. Lewis, Jr. and Ronald Sologi, "Growth and Structural Change in Pakistan's Manufacturing Industry, 1954-1964",(Pakistan Development Review. Spring 1965, pp. 94-139). - 13 -

V. Limitations of Data A. General Industrial Statistics

27. The limitations of industrial data arise including from a variety of reasons differences in the concepts and definitions industrial-employment-geographic-ownership used, in the coverage, in the reference unit, in the financial period, and so on. The errors in data sampling or observational, may be and scmetimes both, and may arise i'rom nistrative procedures, admi- time-lags, or valuation systems. The also be biased data may because of inadvertent misclassification, deliberate mis.specification, or under/over-reprrting due to financial or political considerations. 2/ The more impoz ,ant limitations are noted as follows. 28. List of Devueloping Countries: A variety of terms -- developing, less-developed, unde.r-developed, and poor country -- are used to indicate the inter-changeably relatively backward economies of the Third classifies countries World. The UN into three groups -- developed market economy developing, and socialist. countries, The IMF classifies them into four groups industrial, other (non-industrial) -- developed, less developed, anid Soviet. The OECD assumes all member countries to be developed, and has other categories for "other developedn) "Sino-Soviet", and "developing countries". The IBRD has no single classification or standard list of countries, and prefers to use specific definitions for particular purposes. however, Such a practice, sometimes leads to confusion. 3 / A division into of developing countries three or four economic sub-groups is worth considering: developed (i) least countries as identified by the UN Committee for (ii) major Development Planning, oil-exporting countries as identified by the (iii) developed UNCTAD/OPEC, centrally-planned, and (iv) developing centrally-planned.

1/ This paper more or less accepts published or unpublished data at their face value, although numerous decisions, frequently based on arbitrary and rarely intimate knowledge of a country, have had to the data. be taken in compiling

2/ Oskar Morgenstern: On the Accuracy of Economic Observations University (Princeton Press, Princeton, Second Edition, 1963, pp. 137-180). see Improvement of Also the Quality of Current Statistics on the Asian (Occasional Paper No. Region 5, Asian Development Bank, May 1971, pp. 21-28). 3/ For instance, in the same IBRD publications, some tables consider Spain, and Yugoslavia Greece, as developing, whereas others consider them loped. See World Bank: as deve- Trends in Developing Countries (1973). A of 81 developing countries list is given in the IBRD: Annual Report, 1973. In this paper, Cuba, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, and Yugoslavia are considered "developing". 29. Industrial Coverage: There may be a serious problem in measuring "manufacturing" activity, especially in distinguishing it from "trade, distribution and storage on the one hand, and from "tagriculture, fishery and mining" on the other. The demarcation lines between manufacturing and other economic activities--particularly repairs and services--are often vague, and an economic investigator often has to take arbitrary decisions in following the recommendations of national or international agencies, even whe± they may be clearly spelled out. International comparisons of the induistrial sector are further vitiated by the t4raditional industries which are usually of subsistence or semi-subsistence type. These industrial entbrpzises may be repair shops or may be engaged in other service-type activities; they may also be engaged in cottage industries or handicrafts, but rarely in factory-type manufacturing activity. The nature and extent of these industries differ considerably from country to country and also over time in a rapidly growing economy. These industries often use centuries old technology and require little modern capital. They are mostly ran by part/full time unpaid family workers, and provide substantial employment. The level as well as the growth rate of thei" labor productivity remain significantly lower than in the modern industrial activity. Data derived from national income accounts are likely to include cottage industries and household establishments, but those derived from manufacturing census/survey are likely to exclude them.

30. Size of Employmbnt: The coverage by size of establishment, measured by the number of persons engaged or employed in an establishment, differs considerably from country to country, and sometimes even from year to year as shoQwn i Statement IV. For instance, all establishments are supposedly. covered l/ in Chlna (Republic of) Greece, Iran, Japan, Spain, and Tunisia; whereas establishments with only ia or more persons are covered in Chile, India, Pakistan, &ad Turkey. Further, information on the employment size is inadequate for several countries including Malaysia, Mexico, Yugoslavia,and Zaire.

31. Strategic Considerations: An industrial census or survey frequently docs not cover manufacturing'activity in defense establishments and some- times in the entire government sector. For instance, gcvernment establishments are not covered in Greece, factories controlled by the Defense Ministry are excluded in India, and establishments of the Iranian Oil Company are omitted in Iran.

1/ The estimates for small establishments--which have no standard definition in terms of employment, fixed investment, turn-over or otherwise--are usually derived f±'om sample surveys. These estimates are generally weaker than thoselof the large establishments for a variety of reasons including a weaker frame, non-accessibility due to poor transport or communication facilities, lack of accounting, and so on. 32. Value Added: Though most countries use the "census" value added concept, some use the "national accounting" value added concept. In contradistinction to the former, the cost of non-industrial services is deducted and the receipts for non-industrial services are included in the latter. The extent of deviations resulting from these two alternative definitions of value added is not known. Value added may be derived from sales or shipments rather than from output,. and output may not be adjusted for the net change in work-in-process or the industrial services rendered by others. Similarly, the material and energy inputs might be inaccurately deducted.

33. Industrial Classification: The structure derived from the industrial statistics is subject to a considerable margin of error, since ISIC (Rev. 2) was not generally introduced by reporting countries at the collection stage; they were asked 'o provide information according to the Revised 2 classification for the first time in 1969 beginning with the data for 1967. Consequently the content of information shown in Tables 23.1 to 23.26 through the year 1966 relates, in general, to data 'classified according to the preceding ISIC. Moreover, many countries had not adopted any version of ISIC (Rev. 1 or Rev. 2), and their national industrial classification cannot be meshed with ISIC without considerable uncertainty as shown in Statement V and Table 17. In particular, very serious problems are faced in reconciling Ivory CaEst and Yugoslavia data to ISIC (Rev. 2). The meshing of data for France, Italy, Sudan, Tunisia, and United Kingdom is also doubtful since these countries have not yet adopted ISIC. Finally, even for the same country-, the data prior to 1963 may not be as reliable as for the later years, since in earlier years ISIC (Rev. 1) was not extensively used.

34. Reference Period: The industrial data are presented as if' all the establishments had reported on a calendar year basis. In reality, reference periods may be different, but no adjustment can be made for the varying periods. The usual macroeconomic data for some countries may not refer to a calendar year as implied here. The error resulting from the lack of a uniform financial year is, however, unlikely to pose a serious problem in comparability.

35. Non-response: The nature and extent of non-response differ by country, by industry, and by year. The documnent World Industra seldom refers to this problem, which can sometimes be serious. For instance, the extent of non-response in India (defined as the number of factories registered but not responding to the census inquiry as a percent of the total number of factories registered) has been around 2 percent in recent years, but it was 18 percent in 1958. Further, the inter-industry variation can be large; in 1958 the non-response in the paper and paper products industry was 20 percent, but in the cement industry, it was only 4 percent. 36. Revision of Data: It seems reasonable to assume that the 1/ data available in the latest edition of World Industry are most reliable. The ear-lier editions of this document provide data for some overlapping years and reveal considerable revision of the aggregate manufacturing data. For example, the extent of revision varies from -4o% to +43% among Greece, Korea, Pakistan, Israel, and Japan. The major revisions appear to havR largely resulted from the changes in size of establish- ment covered../ If consistency means superior quality of data, which may not necessarily be true, then the industrial statistics of Brazil, Colombia, India, Malaysia, Peru, the Philippines, and Yugoslavia may be considered the most reliable among the 26 selected countries. Of course, revision of the aggregate data may usually change the percentage composition of value added by industrial origin, and thus the observation on the industrial structure of a country may change. B. Data on Trade in Manufactures 37. Trade data are more comprehe±isive and detailed than other industrial data. The data compiled, however, have not been compared with other sources, such as IBED reports, national publications, and UN regional documents. Such a scrutiny would refine the compilation further, but it would be time consuming. Many of the qualifications made above for general industrial statistics are also applicable to data on trade in manufacture. The country abridged notes given in Statement VI indicate the major shortcomings of the trade data, the more common of which are briefly discussed below. 38. Trade Classifications: Two systems of recording external trade (as shown for 1969 in Tables 8 to 10) are prevalent. Both iae special trade (S) and the general trade (G) include trade in goods wholly or partly manufactured (or produced) in a country, but they differ in the treatment of inflow to, and outflow from, bonded warehouses or free zones. In 1969 the general exports system (G) was followed in forty cou.ntries and the special exports system (S) in fifty-five countries.3 Whether a country has changed,its trade reporting system since 1960 has not been ascertained, nor have the nature and extent of the incom- parability resulting from these qualifications been assessed.

1/ 1971 is the latest edition, which normally gives data for 1963 and 1967-1970. Table 4 on the availability of industrial data, and Tables 5, 17, 18 and 23 relating only to the selected countries were first compiled from earlier editions.. The information available from the 1971 edition and from the manuscript of 1972 edition have been used to update the earlier compilations without a general revision. 2/ For instance, the 1967 and 1969 editions contain data for all manu- facturi.ng establishments in Greece, but the 1968 edition contains data only for establiahments where 10 or more persons are engaged. 3/! In addition, Brazil, Paraguayr, UK, and USA record general trade less all re-exports. No informati.on is available for Afghanistan. - 17 -

39. The intertemporal as well as international comparability of levels, growth, and structure of manufactured exports is seriously hampered by the non-adoption of the SITC (Rev.) by a large number of countries, some of which never even adopted the SITC (Original).*/ The 1960 data are not available in SITC (Rev. or Original) for more than 25 countries. The situation is further aggravated for these countries because detailed commodity information is sometimes not available for one-third or more of merchandise exports. However, the situation improved considerably last year when the Trade Yearbook containing data for 1966-1971 was published. It was the first attempt to use the UN compueterized trade data system. In this Yearbook the nature and degree of disaggregation were determined according to standard formulae. The improvement appears to have introduced incomparability over time in some cases.2/

h0. Though the accuracy of compilation directly depends, inter alia on the type of classification used in source documents, even the use of tLe SITC (Rev.) does not ensure t1,at the data would be available for ill the two-three-four digit codes.3/ Whenevir a manufactured product was nbt itemized, an attempt was made to derive it as a residual, provided the chances of overestimating were negligible. But the temptation of arbitrarily splitting an item into its manufactured and primary product components was resisted. Where the detail given was inadequate, it is more likely that manufactured exports are underestimated

1/ Algeria, Angola, Bolivia, Guinea, Haiti, Mozambique, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, and Uruguay follow national trade classification. Afghanistan, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, .Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Papua, and Venezuela are still following SITC (Original). Lebanon adopted SITC only in 1966. 2/ For some countries the total merchandise exports reported in the manual and computerized editions are also substantially different. For instance, the earlier published figures for India and Mexico for 1968 were 3.2% and 13.3%, respectively, more than the revised/latter figures, even though the exchange rates used were the same. For Mexico, more than four-fifths of the discrepancy can be explained by the alleged under- valuation in the customs records. For some reasons, these data for 1967 to 1970 reported in the latter publication were not adjusted for the alleged undervaluation.

2/ Further refinement in the compilation is possible if the ad hoc UN publication, Commodity Trade Statistics (Statistical Papers, Series D) can be used. - 18 -

l/ than overestimated. are manufactured 41i. Definition of Trade in Manufactures: What output? exports/imports? Can they be meshed with manufacturing census/survey Should the exports of products covered in a manufacturing short-cut definitions constitute manufactured exports? If yes, then the the elaborate definitions of manufactured exports are out of line, and even list of Total A and Total B have to be qualified. An illustrative the most comprehen.. manufactured products which are not covered even in VII. The vationale of sive definition (Total B) is given in Statement On the other hand, omitting these and similar products is not clear. 2/ (or B). 1,/ some non-manufactured products are included in Total A Total to facilitate The forthcoming revision of SITC (Rev.) is expected improvements in the definition of trade in manufactures. manu- The inadequacy of the present SITC (Rev.) for estimating 42. regarding factured exports will be apparent from the UNCTAD recommendation not set or the exports of "diamonds (other than industrial diamonds) if the country strung". SITC (Rev.) 667.2. This item is not included export only raw is a developing economy because it is expected to in Tables 8 and diamonds. Consequently, Israel's manufactured exports raw diamonds, and 11 do not include this item. However, Israel imports f.o.b. value in manu- exports worked diamonds, adding about 25% of exports, facturing. In terms of the f.o.b. value of all merchandise one-third. Conse- diamond exports constitute a large proportion, namely, important for quently, a reconsideration of UNCTAD's recommendation is though for the accurate measurement of manufactured exports of Israel; which export largely countries such as Botswana, Congo, and Sierra Leone correct. Such anomalies unworked diamonds, the present recommendation seems or more categories to can be rectified if the SITC code is split into two reflect the worked or unworked rature of traded commodities.

of non- of the main reasons is the frequeat lack of breakdown 1/ One (68X.1) and ferrous metals (other than aluminum) (68X) into unwrought and vegetable oils worked (68x.2). Similarly division (43), "animal could and fats, processed, and waxes of animal or vegetable origin" of section (4) not be included in Total A whenever necesiary details not On the other "'animal and vegetables oils and fats" were available. inclusion of hand, there could be over-estimation due to the unwanted and (072.1) "cocoa (231.1) "natural rubber and similar natural gums" beans, raw or roasted" in manufactured exports/imports. sugar and 2/ This is particularly true of items such as raw/refined products is processed tea. The value added in manufacturing these IAdia is a substantial in many exporting countries. For instance, tea production, leading tea exporter and exports almost half of its 18%. and the value added/gross output ratio is around are included in Total A, but 3/ Exports of electric energy SITC (Rev.) 351 to be manu- electricity generation and transmission are not considered facturing. - 19 -

l.3. Conceptually, exports of manufactures should be of the component defined in terms of value added in manufacturing which resulted entire export activity. from the 1/ This would be the sum of direct and indirect value added in manufacturing activity in entire exports of goods and services. 2/ Statistically, however, it is generally directly not feasible to estimate the value added in manufacturing or value its share in the of export of all goods and services. The distinctions primary pro&:action, between manufacturing and tertiary activities would still have to be made. The UNCTAD definitions have been because adopted in this paper, they are reasonable and widely used, and analytical on them can results based be compared with the resuLts of several other studies. 44. Valuation of Output and Tra.de: The proportion output of manufacturing exported is given in Table 2. Ideally, both manufactured and exports manufadturing gross output should be valued at the But same set of prices. exports are usually valued at free-on-board (f.o.b.) measured and output is at factor cost (f.c.) or market price (m.p.), deviation and the extent of varies from country to COUntry7, from year to year from industry and also to industry. In general, f.o.b. price = f.c. taxes at manufac-turing + net indirect stage + trade and transportation margins + net export duty/subsidy, and Table 2 frequently overestimates manufactured exports. the extent of Official exchange rates have been used to convert the value added reported in national currencies into US$. To the that these official extent exchange rates do not represent purchasing parity, the free market exchange rate, or ecuilibrium rates, the absolute values thus obtained are not strictly valid. 3/ VI. Comparability in Data: Alternative Sources or Measures 145. Comparability of Industrial Data: A comparison of the added in gross value manufacturing and the industrial production index in obtained 1971, as from the census/survey and national income accounts is made in of 26 countries, Table 18. The extent to which the absolute levels rankings can or even the be relied on is an open question, because the discrepancies are confidence-shaking. Though any one of the qualifications stated in the

1/ G. C. Hufbauer: "The Impact of National Characteristics nology and Tech- on the Commodity Composition" in R. Vernon (ed.): Factor in International Technolo2 Trade (National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1970, pp1.4l5-231). 2/ Israel has been estimating industrial exports both output/sales in terms of gross and value added in manufacturing, See Bank of Israel Annual Report 1970 (Jerusalem, Ray 1971, P. 237). 3/ Paul A. David: "Just How Mislead:ing are Official Exchange versions Rate Con- "(Economic Journal, September 1972, pp. 979-990). - 20

previous section may result in incomparability of data, the following five limitations seem most pertinent:

(i) National income accounts are supposed to cover all manufacturing establishments irrespective of their employment size, whereas the census/survey normally cover only relatively large establishments. Even when a census/survey covers all establishments, it may not cover households engaged in cottage/small industries.

(ii) Some econormic activities, such as certain types of repairs, services and trading, might not have been considered as manufacturing in the industrial census! survey, whereas these activities may have been included in the national accounts calculations.

(iii) Census/survey value added is always reported to be gross of depreciation, but the reporxted national accounts value added may sometimes be net.

(iv) The valuation may be at factor cost or market prices.

(v) Census/survey value added is always "domestic" product, whereas the national accounts value. added is sometimes reported as "national"t. 1 /

46. One can be reasonably confident about the consequences of all these qualifications, except that last one; the first two qualifications will tend to reduce the size of census/survey value added, and the third qualification will have a reverse influence. Let us first review the absolute levels. of value added in manufacturing as reported in the UN

I/ Unless indirectly derived, the value added by industrial origin ought to be "doiuestic"; the indirect estimate is likely to be less reliable. - 21 -

World Indnstry, and UN and IBRD National Accounts. Because the national accounts figures are expected to be more than or equal to the indusctrial censuses/surveys figures, the ratio of manufacturing value added in national income accounts to that in industrial censuses surveys should always be greater than or equal to 100.

Ratio of Manufacturing Value Added in National Income Accounts to That in Industrial Censuses/Surveys

Year UN IBRD

Brazil 1969 73 73 Colombina 1970 99 86 Israel 1971 86 86

Japan 1971 91 66 Tunisia 1971 78 81 Turkey 1970 57 81

Source: Table 18.

Unfortunately, it can be seen from Table 18 that this ratio is 100 percent or more only in half the cases, and it is 86% or less in five out of 19 countries. Even if we account for the fourth qualification, the recon- ciliation problem will still remain for many countries ./

47. Finally, let us examine the annual growth rates of manufacturing value added at constant prices obtained from different sources. These growth rates for Chile, Guatemala, Tunisia, and Turkey differ by more than + 55% in relative terms, and thus the discrepancy is substantial. On the other hand, for many countries, including Argentina, Brazil9 Colombias and Venezuela, the industrial production indexes reported in the industrial censuses/surveys arnd natioal accounts are almost identical. Because the former generally do not relate to all the

1/ It will also be seen that the discrepancy between the census/survey and IBRD national accounts value added is almost as serious at that between the former and the UN national accounts; this observation seems valid both for the level of value added as well as for the index of industrial production. - 22 -

establishments, one cannot be sure about the statistical coincidences, genuine equality, or lack of independence among sources. Hence, it is evident that many structural changes, which seem to emerge from the data or from an econometric analysis of these data, may be spurious as they may result from the statistical or conceptual problems in data comparability rather than from a genuine shift in the industrial structure.'

Annual Growth Rates of Real Gross Value Added in Manufacturing According to Various Sources

* World Period Industry UN IBRD

Chile 1963-1970 2.8 4.4 2.8 Greece 1963-1971 9.3 11.5 9.3 Guatemala 1960-1971 4.0 7.4 4.0 Panama 1960-1971 13.3 10.3 11.1 Philippines 1967-1971 5.5 7.0 5.5

Singapore 1966-1971 16.3 - 1l4.0 Spain 1963-1971 10.2 8.3 10.2 Tunisia 1965-1971 - 0.0 5.7 Turkey 1963-1970 - 8.8 13.8 Source: Tables 2 and 18.

48. Comparability in Manufactured Exports Data: A cross-country or intertemporal analysis of trends in manufactured exports/imports and structural changes therein faces even more serious problems. These problems arise from the multiplicity of definitions of "trade in manu- factures", multiple systems of recording external trade, changes in exchange rates, fluctuations in the domestic price of exportables, non-adoption of SITC (Rev. or original), inadequacy of SITC (Rev.) to facilitate iden- tification of manufactured products, inadequate detail in the breakdown of traded products, changes in the national or customs boundaries, and so on. These problems have already been discussed qualitatively. The. quantitative implications Sy using alternative definitions of manufactured exports are raised below. - For the sake of brevity, we have assumed

1/ In addition to the four definitions described in Section III, another definition, hamely SITC (Rev.) Codes 5 + 6 - 67-68 + 7 + 8, is sometimes used explicitly or implicitly. For instance, see UNCTAD: Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics, 1972. UNCTAD S defini,,in "Tot;al A" to b a nu.reraire with out suggesting that it is an i.deal" cteLinition, 'TPhe numerical exercise is confined to 1965 an'1 1971 because the quality.' oC' b.he data Lor these years is considered satisfactoir aLd availabi It7y is almost complete. 49. Whether one wants .,o cons-Jdce thle absolute levels of manufactured exports, Table 19 or ' he annual g satero-tth of manufactured exports, Table 20, or tihe proportion of ma^.f4otured exports to total merchandise exports, Ts.''le th.e data Whnic hav-e !:,an compiled indicate that the results may vaery so mnx: ,h from detoiniti. io definition that the validity of the very term 'gindxastrial or manufactured exports" is open to question. The wide ranige and cLdiversity in resultl4 c-n *be seen by considering seven countries reDresentlug a:3Lmost tlae enti.re spectruLm of economic level: (i) $140 Per capita incoe in LIgerThto $l4100 inr Canada (1971), (ii) wide ran-ge of population size i1 aillion in Malaysia to 95 million in 3rtazil (1971), (iii) wideL,y diverse population density - 2 per sq. Im. in Australia to 68 in Kenya (1971), (iv) wide range in GNP - less than $2 billion in 'einya to $90: b-i-L-ion in Canada (1971), and ('v) varying econoxiZc growh - 2 .1, awrua-I per capita in Nigeria to 6.5% in Iran (over the pe:riod 196o'-1971), and so on.

50. The absolute levels of mtanufactulaed exports are examined first. Depending on the definition clhoseni, Nigeria' s manufactured exports can be $8 million or $61 million. that is, a raxnge of more than seven times. Valiie of Manufactur.,-d EXiports According to Various Def nitions 19 71

(*.ini.lion U. S. $)

SITC (Rev.) 5 to 8 S,ITC (Rev.) Country minus 68 ; to 8 Total A Total B

Austiralia l,030 1,345 1,165 1,185 Brazil 445 1445 760 775 Canada 9,130 iO,i45o 11,740 12,570 Iran 135 135 150 450

Kenya 31. 31. 42 74 Malaysia 150 445 230 535 Nigeria 8 43 26 61

All Developing Countries 15,080 16,070 17,280 20,510

Source:, Table 19. - 21 -

Though such a .ange should be unacceptable to any serious researcher, the ra-ne canq be more for some other countries. For Lnstance, Venezuela Is manufactuired exports in 1965 can be $8 million or $750 million, and Peru's manufactured exports in 1968 can be near zero or $490 million. Finally, the absolute difference in the level of manufactured exports can also be large. Canada illustrates the case, where marnufactured exports in 1971 measured by the definition Total B are $3.5 billion more than the one measured by SITC (Rev.) 5 to 8 minus 68. Even at, the aggregate level,. the absolutte value of manufactured exports varies very consi derably. from $6.5 billion to $12.1 billion (the latter being alniost twice that o.f the former) for the 82 developing countries in 19652 and front $15.1 billion to $20.5 bi1lion f'or the 75 develop;ing countries in 1971.

51. The -annual growth rates of manufact-ared exports for 1965 1 (70 or 'o 1971 arz considcred noAt, At what rates are. manu factured exports growing? This simple question cannot be answered for a majority of the countries within an acceptabl.e range of error. For at: least i 6 clevreloping coLuitries even the direction of ch:ange is not certain and for the same nurmiber of couLntries the annual growth rates differ by more than 12%percuntage points according to various definitions of manxi.facturecl enxports. The, ranges of annu:l. growth rates for some of these countries are as ifollows: Central Pfrican Republic (-3% to +19L`00), 'hi'lle (-5% to +28%), Ethiopia (2o' to 53%), Ghana (92%9s)to 36%), Greece (3% tc 141%) ITidonesia (-4% to +18%), Ni.geria (-2% .o +13%), Paxaguay (3% to 41%,), Sudani (almost zero to 1,,0%), Turkey (13% to 4i0%), Venezuela (3% to 36%), and Zambia (-1% to +130%). The task of ascertaining tho growth ratie of manufactured exports is fuLther complicated because, as expected, no s;ystematic relationships among the annual growth rates (calculated according to the variou.;s definitims) ca.ui be obseerved. Hcowever, at the aggregate level for all the 71 de'v I opinl countries, for wLIich both the 1965 and 1971 data are a-vailab,'E. uh¶! "Jlaw of large nunb-:-`' ceerrs to ip jjy siice, the arnmal growt.h 'ratev,-ri, nlsy *between 14.1L'V 16G.,i%. ATmualercnte.rowtah Rates of Manufact,ured E t cto Various Defiit.iorxs 1965-1971

SITC (Rev.) 5 to S SITC (Rev,) Countr minus 68 5 to 8 Total A Total B

Australia 18.8 16.9 12.8 lL4.2 Brazil 23.7 23.7 21.4 21.7 Canada 20.9 18.4 17. 4 16.5 Iran 15.2 15.2 14.9 3,4

Kenya 16,2 1.2.8 12.4 12.3 Malaysia 14.8 4 .2 15 .4 5.2 Nigeria 0.1 -2.5 12.8 1.8

All, Developing Countries 16.1] 14.4 14. 8 14.1

Oou.rce: Table :r 52. Tf one assLum,es that Totial A is an "ideal" definition i-,aanufactures, the values of manufactured of trade in definitions exports according to various are presented as percent of Total Table 20. A for 1965 and 1971 in Any deviation from 100 then for 1965 represents an error. The devi.ations are, however, dramatic for many (65 to 127), Burma countries, such as Australia (L4 to 1)40), Iran. (87 to 466), Sierra 18,000), Turkey (27 Leone (100 to to 156), Venezuela (123 to 9,500), 23,000), and so on. i/ and Zambia (63 to

53. Com-arabil`ty i erchandise Exports Data: factured exports The ratios of manu- to merchandise exports shown vitiated if there were in Tables 8 to 10 will be any errors in the data on total The time-series data merchandise exports. on total merchandise exports from several sources. are readily available 3/' Any data obtained from independent naturally diffLer, but such differences sources will not large may not bother a user if they and can be attributed to plausible are coverage, methodology, differences in concepts, and so on. L/ The merchandise from diverse sources fQr exports data compiled the Latin American and Caribbean 1965 to 1969 are shown in countries for Table 22. It appears that the manufactured exports tio merchandise ratios of because exports may vary substantially, the source of data used for just merchandise exports may be different.

1/ These deviations for 1971 are smaller: Australia (88 to (88 to 293), Indonesia (46 136), Iran to 258), Malaysia (6)4 to 232) Trinidad and Tobago (94 to 627), and Uganda (7)4 to 2,200), etc.

2/ Obaervations made in this paragraph imports might be equally valid data as well, but we have for merchandise The discrepancies not done any empirical investigation. in dat.a could sometimes result exchange rates used. from differences in the i/ U13: Yearbook of International Trade FiLnancial Sta4Cdstics Statistics, IMF; International and IMF: Direction of Transactions rable Trade. The ,terna1 of the UN; Yearbook of National sometimes shows separately Accounts Statistics the exports of goods and services. 2i Morgenstern, op. cit., pp. 137-180. - 26 -

54. The absolute levels of merchandise exports published in the International Financial Statistics (IFS) when compared with those published in the UN Trade Yearbook, show a variation of minus 13% (Venezuela) to plus 13% (Jamaica) in 1969. The differences between the two IMF publications, IFS and Direction of Trade (DOT) can also be large; minus 13% (Venezuela) to plus 27T (Ecuador). I/ How do with the growth rates of merchandise exports (1965-1969) compare each other? These comparisons are also somewhat disturbing, although "clean" comparisons are very few. For Jamaica, where DOT 7.7%. data are directly obtained, growth rate varies from 3.9% to In general, however, the IFS and the UN growth rates are fairly close. of Such discrepancies are understandable, but a warning to the users made ITS and DOT seems warranted, even though the global comparisons in the Introduction to IFS show that the unexplained "net difference"f as between thbe two sources in 1969 world exports was only 0.15%, this figwu.,e relates to total world trade and not that of individual countriea . 55. Comparability in the Ratio of Manufactured Exports to Merchandise Exports: Four definitions of manufactured exports and three sets of data on merchandise exports will lead to twelve ratios of manufactured exports to merchandise exports. Since commodity-wise this details are available only frcn one source, one can argue that

Percentage Share of Manufactured Exports to Merchandise ;xports According to Various Definiitions of the Former, 1971

SITC (Rev.) 5 to 8 SITC (Rev.) B Coury minus 68 5to8 Total A Total 31.2 Australia 20.2 26.5 23.0 15.4 15.) 26.1 27.0 Brazil 71.1 Canada 51.7 59.1 66.4 16.7 Iran 5.0 5.0 5.7 36.0 Kenya 15.3 15.3 20.6 11.6 34.7 18.0 41.8 Mala;ysia 3.4 Nigeria 0.4 2.4 1.4

All Developing Countries 31.7 33.8 36.3 43.1

Source: Table 21.

instances it' These differences appiear significant since in none of these were the DOT data derived indirectly. 'a. parQicula- souza n.a1yy, MN Trade earbook) wil"' -01-i =6ot a9Oop!-o savan counwies ze5 3nce, t ratos, calculated i'or the aoe-msntioned for 1971 , rlatz to thIs souice on0y. In relat11ivse er'mss iaria represen'Ts a wide variation in the ratio from 0.46% to 3.37%; though in t'zr;s oZs percentage points, variation in Malays-ia's share is very large: from 12% to 42%. Cut of the remaining developing countries (not shown in the above table), this ratio varies by more than 60 percentage points -ior Chile, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, Zaire, and Zambia; for _lgria,Cantral African Repiulic, Isra&L, Panama, Singapore, and Venezuela this ratio varies by .') percentage points or more. Me variation in this ratio is quite large even at the aggregate level. For instance, this ratto varies from 19% to 35% for the 82 developing countries in 1965, and from 32% to 43% for the 75 developing countries in 1971.

Imoort 56. Comparability in Measures of import Substitution, above mentioned Elasticity, and Demand-Sources of Industrial Growth . The in comparability discussion was so far essentially confined to the problems compiled from of the basic data on industry and trade in manufactures framework. Such diverse sources following more or less the s8inJ conceptual Et concepts to discrepancies also arise because of the use of differ now are some measure the apparently same economic process. What follows substitution, illustrative calculations on differeat measures of import are import elasticity, and demAnd-sources of industrial growth, which researchers. conceptually different but often interchangeably used by import The wide variations in the measures of import substitution, from the elasticity, and demand-sources of industrial growth are evident its above table. Depending on thle measure of import substitution, and extent varies from minus four percent to plus 54% for Singapore; import elasticity varies from minus 109% to minus 11% for Ghana. The variation in demand-sources of industrial growth in Singapore is quite large; domestic demand (77% to 113%), export demand (minus 56% to plus 10%), and. import substitution (12% to 42%).

Period Neasures of Import Substitution 5 Mm/1 Im 1E1 Mm/tA a ( M/S) af(M "/Am)

o0 -. 01 (1hatiai 1963-1970 -.06 -. 61 -. Korea (Rep. o') 1963-1971 .25 .32 .04 .08 S Ln.rapore 1963-1971 .148 .51• -e04

Source: Tables 16A and l6B. - 28 -

E:lasticity of Manufactured Imports to Total Supply of Availability of' Manufactures Manufactures (AM s )/ (MMI ) (1M/&A ) (M/A) m / m m m mM /a /b 7c 7a /b /c Ghana .11 -. 11 -. 11 -1.07 -1.08 -1.09 Korea (Rep. of) 1.29 1.16 1.17 1.57 1.31 1.33

Singapore r 88 0.92 0.92 .68 .77 .78

Demand-Sources of Industrial Growth Domestic Demand Export Demand Import Substitution

/d /e /d /e /d /e

Ghana .04 o4 .40 .85 .56 .10 Korea (Rep. of) .86 .88 .21 .24 -. 08 -. 12 Singapore .77 1.13 .10 -. 56 .12 .42

/a With respect to base year. 7i With respect to arithmetic mean of base and terminal years. 77 With respect to geometric mean of base and terminal years. 7d Import substitution defined in terms of M1/S Mn. /e Import substitution defined in terms of M /A

Source: Tables 16A and lbB.

57. Where does one go from here? Should not the definitions and measures be standardized, or is it enough to say, "it depends on" the purpose in mind? Should one continue to concentrate on building sophisticated econometric and programming models using these data or should one also start cleaning up the data and standardization of concepts on a priority basis? Of course, explanation of the causes of the abovementioned wide variations is easy. But that is of little consolation when a quick survey of empirical studies shows that these widely divergent definitions or measures are either interchangeably used, or they are used for the same (or almost similar) purpose at different times by the same user and/or at the same time by different users. The need for standardization of definitions is thus apparent and urgent, and one hopes that the present exercise will stimulate further work on these lines with a view to improving the data base of empirical studies on industrial development. -29-

AboueLuvel No. of Peron Value Aidde ae e P erC a U$)Pplto GM? Population Arma (ill US$) *4 C-utL, tegLed Per Pern,on Person an-ufacturinC Mechandise Hanufactured (mill~.US$) ~ L (thus.Kn Dt4t Valu, Added thu DenslI y K,~,.d ) 1P Value Added El.its FX.-rta e~~. EAsT APIIacA Botaana. 100 u.6 600 3 LA! Bturudi 3.9/- ...... 160 6.5L!.. 220i 3.6 28 ... . 1 17.3 ...... , 60 14.8 Ethis-pia 1,990 25.2, 1,222 1871!/ 9* .... 130 Kenya 145/! i,3B/-S G~~ 80 7.7 14.9 0.2 i,850 11.7 583 573 200.8 76 2,125 21 Len.otho 1,061! 160 17.2 17.5 3.6 20 100 0.9 30 ... 1.6 ...... 100 1.8 ...... 31 Malaga,sy RP.r.-pblic 1,020 7.2 587 155/5. 105.7 3615 1,858e/e 715 Malawi 1410 14.6 1140 114.7 2U.14 2.7 UI 118 110 57.9 20, 1,856 525 90 Muiin230 .12.6 12.9 0.3 38 3. 12 3172 1,339 R.-uda 20 38 26 21/ 9.0 526 280 39.6 78.5/ 0.~" 11 Sona]ia 5L! 5905 41414 60 2.1A, ... 1Ih5 210 2., 638 31 .,6 2,8714 731. 70 ... 11.9 1.5 L4 Suda 1,900 16.1 2,506 368 1143.3 ... Swaziland 80 0.14 ... 120 8.9 201.14 0.0 6 17 514 12.7 6 212 1,1l49 190 31.7 Tazna1,1470 13.2 9145 2AU14/ 125.0 ...... 214 Uganda 1,3140 14/ 1,6'02/! 6395. 110 9.5 18.14 1.2 114 10.1 236 301.7/! 78.8/! 4/ 1,507 6~ Zaire 1,750 3 .S 130 8,3L! -p/e 0,l/t 43 19.3 2,3145 392LC 1114.2 86! 1,913 1,088u/! 90 5.9 23 Zanbia 1,2. 1.2 7573.5 435/! 107 3 021 141 14,826 1,6036. 380 25.6 214 35 1k WESTAFRICA Cancroon 1,160 5.8 1475 265L! 137.6L! ...... Central African Hep. 200) 22.6/i 35.5 10.0 12 2140 1.6 623 ... 29.9 ...... Chad .. 150 18.7 20.1 1.14 3 310 3.7 1,2814 ... 17.81f . ... Congo, People's ... 80 5.2(9 7.1 0.15 3 Rep. 300 1.1 3142 ... 141.0 ... Dahoney ...... 270 37.3 35.5 11.0 3 280 2.8 113 ... 23.8 ...... 100, 8.5 15.0 1.2 25 Equatorial Guinea 60 0.3 28 ...... 210 .... Gao 10 0.5 268 .. 14.1 . 10 Gan,bia 50 0.14 . .. 702,2 ;i 3.727.9 2 11 .. 1.0 ... , .. , Ghana .. 1 2.5 ... . 33 2,250 8.9 '239 ji8l&_ 205 9 56&.5 , L Guinea 380 2 855 i688(L 250) 23 1 37.14 8.0 37 14.1 2146 ... 6:9/!.b ...... g0 2.. b .. 16 IvoryCOast 1,730 5.2 322 298/! 253.7 ...... 330 Liberia 330 1.6 148.8 87.6 114.7 114 111 ... 21.0 .. . Mali 370 5.1 1,2140 .. 210 13,1 13Y.0 2.8 114 Mauritania 37L5. 27.8 ...... 70 5.5 7.1 200 1.2 1,031 ... .P'c 0.7 14 Niger 33 ...... 170o -27.6/5.- 78.3 1.6 1400 14.1 1,267 ... 141.2 ... 1 ...... 100 10.8 .9-.1 0.3 3 Nigeria 7,8140 56.5 9214 1,1451 11911149 Senegal 1,020 14.0 14,5114 9314 1140 39.9 31.7 0.5 61 196 ., 111.14...... 250 SierraLeone 5140 2.7 72 27t.9 31.2 10.14 21 .. 23.5 ...... 200 o.7 36.5 Togo 300 2.0 56 611! 32.3 0.0 36 UpperVolta ...... 150 16.2 28.2 390 5.5 2714 ... 51,.0 14.9 36 ...... 70 9.8 2.9 0.2 20 ASIA BritisbSolomon Islands 30 0.2 28 .. . . . Burna ... 200 ... . 2,1430 29.6 678 . 21414 6 China,Rep. of 6,14o4 114.y 80 8.-3 3.9 05 141 36 3,1479/-!1,261.8 1, 23/!c 165! 1430 81.7 Fiji Islands 250 0.5 18 90 25.5 75.90. 60o.1/n 9 Hong Kong 8! 1,1468 1,513 1470 51.0 135.6 3,650 14.0 1 ... 989.14 5614 114.6 29 ...... 900 2147.14 717.8 637.2 3,9,10 India 62,720 551.1 3,280 12,1.88Z/! 7,826.7 14,18481 7381!a 38A! Indonesia 9,1460 119.2 110 11'.2 3.7 2.0 168 KhmerRep 1,1492 1,060 8114.2 9148 i.06 80 990 7.7 11 .. 740! 681. 0 3 814 ... .. 130 9: 1 a. 9L/! : Korea,Rep. of 9,1140 31.8 98 4,1477 1,836.7 Lao- 8142 2,193 529 290 57.8 33.6 370 3.0 237 ...... 28.0 3214 ...... 120 ... 2.1 0.8 13 Malaysia(West) 14,500* 11.2* 132 1,1438 396.2 1714 2,1491 736 Nepal 990 11.3 1400. ... 1142.2 25.6 68 1141 ... 80.9 90 Pakicitan-1! 13,120 135.1 9147 2,471/e' 1,5514.14 7.2.. 580 LjR/e 2,L/e ,96/e' 100/e 11.5 14.92.7 Papuaand flewGuinea 810 2.5 1462 122 27.81! 1143 15 3,775 1,1496 320 11.6/ 314.li 2.0 Philippines 9,160 37.9 300 2,995 2,320.8 1420 5 2,663 582 2140 61.2 29.5 3.0 126 Singapore 2,530 2.1 1 1,818 1493.0 1145 3,339 1,2112 Sri Lardca 1,260 12.8 1,2WX 2314.8 835.7 310.9 3,630, 66 314.. 252.7 97/! 1,5591 IOU 19.7 Thailand 7,820 37.3 5114 9114/5.1,000.0 25.3 0.6 195 Vietnan, 309 3,876/ 1i/ 210 26.o 22.3 Rep. of 14,350 18.8 1714 ... 4805 3.5 69 ... .. 230U5. oL.Y j / 10

Afghanistan 1,1140 114.6 614 .. 832/ Bo8 5.7/! t1geria 5,26o 114.1 2,382 6.8 1.3 27 1,2'5(1 325.8 381 : 1:,92,1/! 360 50.14 Cyprus 700 0.6 9 186 70-5/e 15.3/.! 6 73.1 31 2,363 1,172 1,100 121.8 170.3 Egypt 7,5140 314.1 1,001 2,3714/! 31.145 69 Filan.d 1,529.2 . 1,1691! ... 220 14148 23.1 11,920 14.7 337 8,5147 3,005.3 1478' 6.7 314 6,1814 3,137 2,550 639.14 1492.7 1455.3 114 -30-

Table tcoo.Ansdj

N,afl f L Va1- dddrifiL SH? PoPuaIon.ti roa 1jul11 U011) * I P Pesn ?r" Mndotrn irt, e MaufafLur-d Dno,ity (___.--II.di (m tlho%sq.KO.J .1, Valoc Asd,d thou.' re~,dA~ 00'd(1N V,7u. Addesj Ex.r;ts .2it2..

Grece1123.- 12 u1,, 1.623.j 1,S J, 37./- 1,531, 1.25.. 21)2.6 3 8. 0 I:d511. .:2 If; - 76.8 .. . ., 2,1,a0 1,7 ,1 Iraq 3,516. b.1.i 632 339.1.- ILI? 2,19,3 1I,1)16 370 3,. 156,0, ~ .. 22 Ireland 1it, 7,190 ).183 1l1,1,.! 156 6,0,25 2,1,15 l, 51C. 1,78.1 427.3j Pr..~ V, .. re66. .121 5.18 1,126.7 225; 5,11W.. 2,22.i 2,29'.. 375-6 32,... 11. 1, J-rda 62- 2.1, .6 1 57. 11 2,0,5 9,7, 26:, i.c 13.3 5.8 21, I.bas 1.814. 2.5 1L, .. ... 2 L ...... 661. 85.1'911 5.1,h 276 2' aat .. 1, 1 1*9.9 21 2.21.1' 123 861 15I.C& 122.9 112.2 1,0u31 l~rct1,J,. 1.,U? ,9k 363 i 2~ 3,1771 1,115 21 513241 9.1 31

P-rtugaLl 7,5 9.7 92 3,1,55 2,11, :8 682 1,,128a ,0 200.?) 18.5 7. 10 Ne,uani 15,221) 20.5 237 ... /1 ,641,1/S 1 .6 3 9/A AS.1i.11 / i6.6"- 8 Sp.!. 37,1,0 L... 515 21,691.) 8,660 2,01,1 3,1,15 1, ,98 1 ,201V 251.5 86.1, 6i.0 66 Syria 1,9113 6.5 185 677 315.2 1255 1.921, 6G15 291 z.b.5 29.9 1,.0 35

Tu.s:.ia 1,67, 5.2 161, 585 152. 3 51, 3,1,66 1,229' 32. 21.3 1,1.5 9.0 31 br-key 90518 12,160 36.? 781 1,,753/S 2,1,11,3 5 6 3/c 4, 3671S 31,0 66.7 l8.-, 3.5 1,6 Te-e, , r.b Rep. of 1b,8 5.6 1,5 ...... 0 ..... 30 Yemen. Pe-pae'. Dm.Rep. 170 1.5 288 96 .1 .. 1163 121) .. 11.11 ,/ 5 Yugoslavia 15,180 21.7 2516 3.615/SE 3,54,2.1 1.379 2,712 1,1226 731, 171.2 88.7 68.6 du IATIN ANERICA & ThE CARIBBEAN Argentina 2"8,920 23.6 2.777 ...... 1 9844 2,1,33 1,231 328.1 76.1,/S 17 -GS Barbados 160 t.2 o.1 60 18.5 &.l 2.21,8 1,269 670 92.5 1Sa.* /e 6.8~b-,- Belize (Br-iti.h Hondura) 80 0.1 23 .. 1.i4s ...... 61,0 58.C/S 1 16.3Y-. 37.7/c 5 Ba1i~da 950 5.1 1,J99 1` 7l~ 10,9,6 . .... 191 31.5 hi1.3/S 0.O?.,c 5 B-ail 1,1,260 95.1, 8,512 16,73i&3 7,836.-2 2A,1,Ll 1,039131 6825/c 1,6 82.2 30.1, 8.0 " 11

Chile 7,550 13.0 757 2,480/1L 2,503.1, .. 5,316L .. 76C0 25U.3 125.1/ 8.1/S 12 C.1-ebia 8.180 22.3 1,139 3,21,1 1,218.5 J31 1,,307 751,9/ 32 51,.6 31.9 h1,. 19 CL.t Nba 1,31,1 1.8 51 21,3/ 202.3 27/S 1,079681 590i 112.1, 1~25.2 311.? 35 Ooe.inic Rep. 1,751 ha. 1,9 631, 21,87 11/3 i;62Lf 87? 1,30 63.7 1,5.8 2.1, 86 E-ads- 1,963 6,3 281, 1,17 253.1, 50 3,51)2 936 311 1,3.? 31.09/ 0.1,/S 22

El Salad-r 1,190 3.7 21 1,72 206.2 51, ... Boa 32.. 55.7 61.7 21.5 17u G-d.d.lvape 280 0.3 2 ...... 81,0 .. 133.9 15.1 186 Guatemala ,2 5.1, 101 0 298.3 57 3,73 103 390 55.2 52.1, 17.8 1, OuYa,,a 300 0.7 215 ... 30.7 ...... 39~1 1,3. 206.8 11,.8 3 Haiti 500 1.-3 28 16S 305.2 10 66 120 8.2 11.2 2.9 151,

Hondua 760 2.6 312 259 9,8.8 28 6,212 1,101, 300 38 71,.3 10,.1 23 J-.laac 1,370 1.9, 11 618 159.0 1,2 1,,691 2,1,71 720 83:7/s 176.1, 20.5 173 Kartinique 330 0.3 1 ...... 970 .. 113.7 36.5 309 MexIic 36,71,0 52.1 3,973 ... 9,661,.5 .. . .. 700 11. 2" .2 10.6 26 Neherlands ile 330 0.2 1 ...... 1,1,,o .. 3,01A,2:L/S' 155C.0/S 231,

NiCar .u M5 2.1 130 -. 155.1 ...... 1,50 76.0 87.3 17.0 15 Panm 1,210 1.5 76 1,3 185.6 26 6,3o7 2,101, 820 123.7 76.6 1.6 20 Paaguay 680, 2.5 1,07 918 1)6.6 ... .. 280 1,2.6 26. 10.6 6 Peru 6,650 13,.U 1,285 2,608 1,i.i,i 11, 9,571, I.26/S au 96 5 65L.6/ 20. F!8 11 Pueto~t Rico 5,050 2.8 9 ... 9165i.& .. . .. 1,831 351,.1,/ ...... 311,

Surin- 310 0.1, 163 3./37.1...... 760 92.7/c 31,j.u0/S 78.0/S 2 riia&Toao 970 1.0 5 171,! 11.35, 326/. 91, 13. 520.1, 76.2 201 Vrga 2,201 2.9 177 350L.8 381.1 ...... 750 131.1, 7'..9 7.1, 16 V ezea11,300 106912 6,067 3,01.5 211 , ,1., 10051.523950 1

Australia 36,5f,0 12.7 1,687 23,1531!9,529.3 1,21,7/S 7,085/S'- 1,,032 L8. 2,870 751.-3 j39914 91.7 2 Aut,- 1ra6,390 7.5 81, 11,758 6,316.5 720 6,296 3,01,9 2,203 81,2.2 1,22.5, 383.2 89 BeLIgim 28,710 9.7 31 -. 9,207.6 1,236 7,128 3,661 2,960 91.9.2 1,239.1-h 1,01,2:611 317 Can-da 89.320 21.6 9,976 !7,1,5 111,63L.P 1,61,1 11,,10 7,1,27 1,,0 909?.C 818.5 51,35 2 700 5013 Llnal 11 , 74,8,e1,7,71/. 5, 3G3 3,4,30 97L.9 720.1 512.6 115

Pranc 172,370 51.2 51, ... 61,179.2 . . . 3,360 1,191,.9 358.8 318.9 91, Gemn,Fd.e.o 96,880 61.3 21,8 167,681 80,181.8 8,191 11,85 1,6 3,210 13806.9 573.0 239 Italy 100,1,1, 51,1 301 55,81,5 26,289.6 3,322 7,361 3,251, 1,860 1,85.9 279.3 21,2.9 180 Japan 222,520 106.7 370 232,579 60,308.1 11,556 7,872 2,901 2,130 526.0 229.1 221.0 283 l-xmbo-rg 1,060 0.3 3 1,090 295.8/S hi 10,558 5,633 3.130 986.0! In /8 132

Uethelands 31,,600 13.2 hi1 26,1,2,110,630.3 1.193 7,264! 1,201 2,620 805.3 1,055.1 680.0 323 eeeaad700 2.8 269 1,,71,0 1,625.1 235 5.3,0 296176! 3,1,70 560.5 1,75.3 609 1 Mowy12,220 3.9 321, 8.251 3,11,38 359 8,81,8 1,661, 3,130 80.1 657.3 1,85.1 12 Bedn31,380 8.1 1,50 22.321 9,271.1 893 11,573 6,100 1,,240 1,i1,6.6 921.5 715.8 18 S&izrad22,990 6.3 la1 -. . 850 . ... 3,64,0 ... 915.6 865.2 153

fnited Zlngdee 135,91,0 55.9 21,1 io5,996LS39,088.8 8,.J1,0/S 5,1,239/S 3,105/S 2,1,30 699.3 399.9 357.1, 228 BeltedStatee 1,068,380 2U7.0 9 ,363 669,290 259,600.0 17,358 18,068 8,969 5,16o 1,25h.1 210.1 157.3 22 - 31 -

Table 1 (conti.nhed)

Ia 1968 Z 1965 1969 A 1966 7e 1970 71 1967 E Includes Banglaiesh i1uxembourg is included in Belgium 7g 1972 Nutmber of persons employed k Per person engaged 71 The VA., for 1968 is $16,9tiO million as given in SmDi source. dience, per capiLa V,a,, w.A be $u5b... -nile toP per capita fur 1,7.t, .ucordi-;to aorld Bank Atlas, is $?bu.u.

* East and West Malaysia combined. These two columns are not comparable to each other because they are taken fr.,, different sources. The value added data are from national income which output data are obtained. The ratio of manufacturing gross value accounts which have a wider coverage than industrial census/.ur...y from added to gross output (VAn,/O,n)given in column 3 of Table 2, oa be used to obtaln cofparable figures ofGgross value added (VA),) and ouLput (0.). Sources: Columns 1, 2 and 9: IBRD, World Bank Atlas, 1973. Columns 3 and 13: UN, Statistical Yearbook, 1972. Columns ii and 6-8: UN, Growth of World Industry, 1971 and unpublished data; IBRD Country Reports have been used in Column 14for Costa Columns 5 and 10: IBRD, Socio-economic Data Bank. Rica, Ghana, Ivory Coast, MHxico, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela and Yugo,1ldvia. Colu-nn 11: UN, Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, lS71. Column 12; Total A. For details see Statement 1. ~-......

0~~~ 10 ...... 4 - 4

4. J4

...... :. ... 4. ..: .4.0.4.4.0...0 4 4 4 4 04 4 04 4 0 . 4 0 4 0 .

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.,177 C6 1 266 1A.2 1.0 1. 90.6 3. 96.7 0.a l 2 3,61) 1.810 20.3 ,. .. . *. 1965 0.1 9 2 o.. 19 911.12,2)0 *. 1867 9 0.76 1L7

91.1 (.2 51.2 ... ,, .. . 196.6 95 7 0.4 1970 72 3051965 o.o 1970 j~. 9.11 6550 1.61. 36.2 ...... 1961 266 5.7 197 017 233 27 .8 11. 7 37.9 29.6 196 2 6 10 3,00...... 10 1 0.1 1970 1,7700 201012,095 1... go 17 16,135 6,31. 37.L. 5.o . . 965. 25 0. 1869 2.090 1.33. 12 ...... 1968 01. 17 0.1. 1970 011 152 1,7~10 .. =1082,1 1,213 31.0 . . . . 1957 7 3 31 16 10,1 3,31 32.7 a0...... 105 . 16 4 0.L 1770 2,160 7. 936 .. . . 5 1 0.. 1970 7,250 1.06- 4.250 1.27.6 60:.6 2.6 1.T? 15.2 16.9 1969 2503/ .~ 90 70.

.1/00,576 206 105 ...... 110 3.0a 108 9 0.6 1970 7,530 06111 1506 2585 ha. ,, ..,. 1960 0 8 01 17 ,7 .,bl.1:6, 3,7 .. . ,, ,, ,. , 7 27 7 0.0 1969 7,2170 71.,7.pl1011 1,123 57 . , , . , 956 ~ "163 21 2.2 1969 2,160 . Y2,7033 1,21.7 1L.1.8 ...... 96 . 5 01 1970' 2,16700

C1l11101.-,~, 00 5 1.0 1966 "I11.1 19 5. 19 .. .. -.. 1696,163i 160 16 0.2 1970 .. 8.370 ... , , -32 10 0.0 1969 2,32 0,56 31.. 3.11 0 2 7..1.1.16 22.0 089 5 6.7, 1970 2,07010 .11111,80 2,016 17.1.4 . .... 995. 33 13 06 17,6 ~02275:11 7,600 1.9.9 0. a .. ... ,,. x4 77 61 0.9 1970 7,1.O ,61,1.570 636 (..;,5.3 7. , 152 ~ 3 12 1.1 1970 2,2790 11.523 ...... 30 2 ,2 1970 2 7') .7090,111 05 6. . ,. .. .. 15 15 2 0.0' 96 1,yo h.,61132 2,301 5. 0.1 ,, .. .. 1960 .1. 1 0.1. 1570 2,170

00,1156,510 is.597 532:L . 2.6 5. 3,0 1963 31. 1.3 0.3 1970 2,2.1.010 ,011019 L 1,701. '. . . . . 1961 ... .. 0. 1960 2300 ,660 1,617 3. 1.. 1. 74.6 7.7 196 'o 32 0 ,I96 ,6 7'.309 03 139 ... .. ,. ... 160* 76 7 0. 970 5,1 t90- VII 519 135 53 .1 ...... 1967 o,1 10 1970 206

29,570 10.670 36.; .. . 195 91. 19 2. 1969 2,020 110., 0.9111 It 21,000 1,619 29.7 , ... 965 0- 8131 1,1.d6. SP 110 26.1./A 7.0/d 55.7 61.0 12.1 1956 07 101. 16 1. 1960.. 1.g,15 1,699 12.. 1.46.1 9.5 3.7 1.5.1 1971 120 16 6.6 1970 2,370 5,50~5)1,123 101,6'26 33.5 9.) 3.1. 72.0 10.0 1971 10 .) 56 a 125a 1.1. 1970 1,0A ~~~.1119,30 66,501. 58031 7.1 5.6 61.0 3.0 i197.. 71 12 22 1970 1.7&;Z 10, 6111767 3,351. 3.,6 2.7 2.8 7999 .1 1962 7310. 22 21970 2,230 Rpbb,l9111 It 3009 3197 320.0? 13.1 3.5 10.5 19.7 1972 1, .1 .5 1970 7.0 303 ...... -5 J. 0.2 1970 2,01.0 06..1601 1,66 3,716 3:8,36t 0.7 6.3 1.7.5 17.) 1967.6M0 31. 2.0 197 2,7 61200 5,166 19. 1.9 0.0 93.7 2.3 19613 7 1. 1969 2'3 P.11 ~ 30,11 17,15. 1. 2. 50.0 20, 1971 1 16 36 196 2,203 791100.0 '520 MLO). ;" ll...... 0... 19661 ~ 66 9 .. 072190..37,919 15,736 11.510 11.4 6.5 530 13. 170 11210. 45 20.5 1960 2,00040 01ou.p-r 2,610 701 33. 139 6.6 7.7 306 99 105 1.7 a.3 1970 212 Sri E010. 3,19 27 32.7 9. .. 17.7 10.3 1967 351A 1. 1970 2.1701 T...037.210 17,670 02.7 3.2 2.0 01.1. 5.2 1970' ,oo/ 0 13 1,6 1968 2.210 92.01., 0690611. fi 10.09 7,521. 40.0 ...... 16 - ' 10 20 36 1969 2,0

077114.586 ...... ,, -22 6 0.5 1mo 2,2"30 141,1.3 3,1333 21.7 6.. 12 1. 12 19066 61i7.0 1770 1,9 61.0 1"270 1.3.2(61.6) 13.7 (13.5) 4,8 1.0a 29.1. 1960 (1972) 83 56 2.2 197 2,16 Z,p±, A-b .. .., .r 31,06 162508 0. 12.9 6.0 45.0 16.5 1966 70 33 7.1. 197 2,9010 511.0 168 2.153 1.2 21.1. "1, 70.0 31,1 1976 98 75 12.5 1970 2,99010. 0,975 3,.61 38.6 16., 6.1. 10.) 29.1. 1972 12 60 61.2 1969 7,90010 01.1 26 00 38,0 21.3 0.6 22.2 31.7 196. 101 00 9.1 196 2,900 311 29,700 0.991 30.2 16.7 2,0 1.13 26.0 1906 62 26 3.1 1970 2.030 211 ,700 3,0080 39.0 !, 5 ., ... . 1957 69 2) 5.0 1970 2,5 (9.62, 970 1,152 36.0 1085 7.1 31.2 27.5 61900 10) 77 13.2 1970 M.101 3,1190 ,5 7. 90 71 3. 927600 71. 56 17. 1969 2,93010 2,300 51.5 72.6~ 0.1 4.7 Id:L20. 1961 1,.6 70 30 6.22' 1969 2,) 2,0...... ,. .. - 13. 1.0 1 ,.o 17 236 01.370 12 2.5 21.6(20.0) 17.0 7.3 32,0 1767(1973) 908 35 5.7- 1969 2,0 911115,379 1,306 28.0 7.7 7.0 51.1. 19.2 1971 .. 5) 12 1.2 1970 2,230

9,716 3.760 3.7 70. 13.0 572i 19,60 627010 19 65 . 90 280) 20.1.70 11,095 51,2 16.1. 12.2 55.1. 17.5 1966 109 62 9.9 1970 3,1 31,003 61,0667 31./ 2. 5. 205 32.0 1970 03 17 0.1 197 2,780 6,509 1,010 2. 11.1. 3.6 56.5 22.5 135a 00 39 0. ..70 2,4.50

70.,.5.215 1,361. 21.1 4'0.7 70.9 32.1 19.60 107 2.20 2.246 1770 2,200 36,360 16:,0 W.4.1 0.. 6 69.0 11.1. 1970 1in 2 7'0 1970 2,760 T..,..,, 0.b 06p. It 5,707 .. 5...... - Oa .6 0.0 1970 1,910 2..,P.P.1l, 669. t 1,170 567 06 7.?. . . 199 183:1 6 13 0.0 1770 2,2 ZOg,..,,0,721 0,972 4.3.3 17.7 8,6 1.30 24.3 1973..5L: 91. 45 15.3 1970 3,1.01 35 -

lolL)(o - .) PC,

____Aa,! , ~ 1ss n.so6ra foot s hlt~ Y. eod on Tid dln.i1-rt[coos oO JC2J21~2. CsU0 (3) (1,5 (5) (65 (7U) ; () t) C. (12) (13) 04() st~.Vo- 23,565 3.6 .31.6 25.1 13.6 1/., 11.8 1..6 1,970.0) - 11, 13.8 197. 3, a,o.95,1435 31,253 31.7 17.9 10.(3 ,. 15.0 1971 123 37 29.13(3..) .. 13C' 27 5.3 1970o?:' 13.1I .6 4!9.7 13.15 5-6. n.7 1 22 1." 19613.. C 1 9,925 2,91,9 29.5/1 Cc'l's1ia 23.2 7.1, 19.3 33.5 WI7 22.321, 6,563 25.1, ... 119 21' 9.3 R'oa1I.. 32.8 6.5 1,.1 17.1, 1965,.. 1970 L,. 1,725, 525 29.6 11.5 95 21 5.5,/c rl-lIcan- R3o-abll3 6.5 1,7.2 16.1, 1963 ... 196138,5 4,119, 1,157 25.1 6.7 112 29 10.1, 1970 2, 20" E-.ad.r 2.83 30.13 9.5 1971 ... 6,350 2,029 32.2 11,.L 107 19 5.3 1920 0s6'. 3.1, 57.3 15.13 I1962 ... 2 -1Savdor 15 25, 6.5 1969 3,671' 1,361 37.0 39yr 8.2 3.2 1,6.1, 11.5 1971 ... 90 113 3.1, 1970 5,11504 G-ot-sal 5,1`313 1,729 31.8 11.5, 1,.2 61,.5 GY 732 4,13 16.54 196, .. IS 31.2(2(.ss) 19.1(35.1) 13.5 32.3 59 12 3.6 1970 0~~ H., 1`.315 2A131, 19.6 1961(I965) .. 99 522 2 56.13 4.9 1.0 133.6 1. 1970)10 _ 5.5 1954.5 ... , 1, 13ossa.2,610 0.1, 1966 1 786 30'.1 7.13 3.1 65.9 30.2 1961 .. 3,90 771, I1,.7 13.7 1,.7 1,3 10 1.6/a 1970 2,1!! lrio.o31,1 35.7 213.6 1560 lic 95 28.0 13.8 9.9 4. 20 30 9022 Nol'52,1,22 213.2 2.1,. 1967 . kit-oL-aod 11,,05,9 26.e 16.7 8.1 1 363 5 6.516 1970 "till'..e 2213 21 313.0 21 .3 1970 /d101, 3122.) 25.13 12.1 1.7 313.1 2 3 5.13 1950 2,62. 1960 326 65 NloS sa2,0185 0.0 1966.. 64,1 3.9j, 12.0i 6.1 3,1,I76 0 1,67 21.91 1971 . 1120/0 31,.2j ~8.0 8.1, 37.2 213 u'.S/ 19710 3,7 P.2, 1,513 791 1970 ... n10 5,2 32.2 15.1 I,.t, 51,.5 15.2 6.6 1920 21 lbt1,,010 1,4113 1962 .. 93 .17 31.5 13.2(l1,.0) ,.8 1,9.1 17.5 3.7 1970 2,6611 orv13.,2,760 696 25.2L6 1961 (1 967) .. 115 1,1 19.5 18.1 6.6 1,1.7 1973 10.6 1970 2,2fd . 116 71 27.1, 1970 Salos1,1 2,5311 ?rlnlua-d 2ol U23 27.1, 13.9 11.7 Tobago 1,030 316 33.6A36.3) 22.9~ 27.1. 196), .. Urtisa 11.7(19.6) 9.2 191.6 25.1, 2...I. I.. 12,921 1,1136 39.2 196,, (1971) . 1.2 21.6 6.1. 17.7 27.9 1963 2.9 1969 2, 36' 0.1 .33 3.3/h.jaa,s. 18.6 50.4, 1113 56 8.9 19613 10.7 19.6 21,.5 1971 .. 2:76055 93 313 13.8 2 39u..13 Le:12;730 5,31,7 42,3,s3d 22.9 16.6 7.6 31.5 1971 10 7,,60 3,551 131 17.0 1966 3.111A 8.1t,9,710 hf. y~.8 19. a., , 5,719 jd:1.2u1.6) j.1s. .o72 . 105, C. od. 1 .,1, (31.75 10,.6 7.1, 39.1, 1961 90 12.0 1970 3 2/. 21,603 3,381 'a./ (1972) .. 81a 613/, 10.7 r-n-ks 21.1 22.13 6. 27.1 193.. 197U33156 1,,560 2,267 1 213.7 527.0) 11.1 l 6 66 903,2o 51.6 32.0 1965 (1972) .. 913 F--o, 87 113.0 19710 3 25t541 .51,250 21,065, 50.1 Fovso,Pd. 25.8 (26.3) 14,.1 15.3 31,.6 R,Iubio of 61,290 29,235 4,7.7(441.6) 19613 (1972) 1,702.3 1113 73 15.9,/c Iaty 36.15313.9) 10.7 13.5 313.5 1961 (1971) 1970 3, ' 041 51,,07i5 20,550 38.51(7.1,) 31.1/k .13.3 ... 132 65 113.0- 1970 jasn 21,.8 35.9, 1965 (1972) . 3,190v1 1013,660 53,1,81 51.1 25.6- 1555 107 17213029.J ioeb'r6339 132 39.Ct/d 113.9 31.1 1970 ... -37/d 13.7 1.1 371 36 (I 9K. 15.6 1970 25./ .. 6 1 .3 Nut,5,-l.ads 1703216 13,190 I3.801 36.1, 29.9 12.3 No, Zolod 2,850 1.092 I'5.8 36.2 1960 ... 102 38.3 26.6 (23.6) 16'.1 13.1 31,.7 79 19.6 1970 3 20'v0 loay3,900 1,529 1966 (1972) ... 102 613 S-ode 39.2(3133) 2Ss.9 17.9 11.6 29.1, 25.016 1970 3109 13,110 3,601 1972 713.5 105 86 h4a1.5/ 28.6 22.9, 7.7 31.5 15.8 1970 2,97;11 S,aIt ... ad 6,320 2,926 1972 ~ ... 97 102 1,6-3Th6.2) 39.7 (1,8.3) 10.1 11.5, WA.1 15.1, 1970 2,1P37067 196 (1970) ... 101, 61 U.Itod Ki066d5 13.7 1970 3,IWM15 55,910 26,051, 16.6/k On) ted Stot., 31,.8 12.7 3.5 39.3 1966 207,050 831,4,76 1,oA13: 23.6 1.10 72 9.13b 22.1, 3.5 31,.2 1972 2,735.0 1970 3,1 &Vl 109 103 5,9.2 1970 3,l'd

A, 1968. Li 51363. 33b 19167. 1)k 19137. Ic 11369. 11 51965. 1d 11366. 197Z. L. 1962 IA 1966-683an,e If Inolod-n Baogadcl. Jo 19367-693oe,c ft 1960. Is 1963-65 acao /h 1961.. Lq 1966 a-rao /1 51970. /0 1967 noae

Entad0* We,00Mt.lynsa -ahiacd.

Nooc: 5. 5AbacE- Ca5oa" 1 rofer. to5.0Moalofco 0 to 0 (P-r ... Io... tehnca an r!al-d -akssrs), oo I (Ad.sot-toraio- Lcto 4 (arnora. fi.h-roo ,sotrod Casg~cs)Olon 6 roon o553oanSlcsn ha--r., 1odger. and o1at.d -*-scr); C.I.-o 7 -ofoco C,.. lfod) Sit- for on to,otri 1925 d.ta an tota laborfo-c, IO110 ... cao,atiss-s.. 7 an 8 (Craftooco. -r 00t o-olabl., is.tot -nnde. by .. JltSpSYiog -kdcta-roa,-e.r -od Sasa.b.-- co,~,o, ye.r h.-os In Coltno 6) .nd P.polat.o, fo- 1971, prsent of psopo1a-ia in labor f-ss o ;ivo S C,aln that In. CoS,o- 2 to dorivad fran Coln,1- Iood Calon- 3. 3 (Soc 13115 55. Fdtta,- fis float ic-nS prooidea b6,01* Sotrs 0 Lob.st-oo of loa-olsg (g, elonseor-yo psrlnary otb-1); t5soo-eraud loveS p-ovid-n o,osato hgsobsl oco I iokoS.rttritr t,no oal)0hl0h o-t-o .od/- Lp,cifledi-L-t-i-Ls.5..,a Pe'.,dopstsocsayoaaia,a ocvd naoionty coootlIi of p.pilf ,pao,luloIal s p-tr.s .v..utid.te155 offloSol -oh-I age.

151. Ffsspoc-. j, ookco c.0 So I .1ad S arood0 year- 1355Poe-otsos- of Column S.

core: CoS.oo. t 000 sODsatSo Sa 1375,roSo-. 3. floCsit ol,s,sk,Y 197(5 ood 59724Colan-, 4-ii 55,I,. WAfash ia-ssS-Lt.oc 1971 a..d1922; eo,d CoIoon 113. CI, Ss,srI laIab 97 ,1972 aod 1923; Coltoaso 9-S3, U51E2CO,ScoriOio Y - rh,jk.

Ao Cl-, -s. stolsol ocof-mo o 'a, -h-i 9 l. - 36 -

?Pzan'-=;o 'ab' 3 Genera. Czrac:eristics of A..L-,n R-sourcas

Notes on Xducation C :L,; W-2)

EAST AFRICA

Ethiopia - Third level refers to Haile Salassie University only. Kenya - Third level exludes higher teacher training. Mauritius - Second level exludes vocational education. Somalia - Second level excludes private vocational schools. Tanzania - Third level refers to University College of Dar-es-Salaam only. Uganda - First level includes junior secondary schools. Second level includes teacher training at the third level. Third level refers to University College of Makerere only. Zambia - Second level excludss vocational education.

WEST AFRICA

Equatorial Guinea - Second level excludes vocational education. Ghana - Data for education include public education only. The third level excludes higher teacher training. Guinea - Third level excludes higher teacher training. liberia - First level includes pre-primary education. Sierra Leone - Second level includes teacher training at the third level.

ASIA

India - Third level excludes interoediate and pre-university courses. Pakistan - Third level includes arts and science colleges at the intermediate level. Papua & New Guinea - Data on education are for Papua only and cover Governnent maintained and aided schools only. Philippines - Second level excludes vocational short-term courses. Sri Lanka - In second lev.'l, data for vocational education refer to technical institutes attached to the Ministry of Education only. The third level refers to university only. Thailand - In second level, data on vocational education refer to public schools and include technical education at the post-secondary level.

E2~

Afganistan - Public education only. Algeria - Data on education cover public education only. Cyprus - Education data exclude Turkish schools. iceland - First level includes pre-primary education. Second level excludes vocational education. Ireland - Including pre-primary education. Jordan - Education data refer to the east bank only, and include UNRWAschools. Lebanon - Including UNRhau schools. Romania - Second level includes full-time education only. Third level includes evening and correspondence courses. Syria - Education data include UNRWA schools. Tunisia - Public education only. Yemen, Arab Rep. - Second level excludes vocational education.

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

3ritish Honduras - Second level excludes vocational education. Colombia - Including teacher training at the third level Ecuador - First levelincludes primary evening schools. El Salvador - First level includes primary evening schools. Second level excludes teacher training. Guayana - Second level includes data on in-service training of teachers. Jamaica - First level includes senior departments of all-age schools. Third level excludes higher teacher training. Paraguay - First level includes primary evening schools. Second level excludes vocational education. Peru - Education data include evening school. Puerto Rico - Including pre-primary education. Trinidad & Tobago - Education data are fur Government maintained and aided schools only. Second level excludes vocational education. D!MEC

Australia - First level includes ore-primary and special education. Second level refers to public and private technical schools and second-level couPses at colleges of advanced education. Canada - Data on public high schools which provido both general and vocational aducation are included with general educati on. DerLnark - Second level excludes vocational education. Germany, Fed. Rep. - First level includes new system schools (i.e. schools providing ger'Bral education at both the first and second levels), Italy - Third level includes out-of-course students. New Zealand - First level includes special education. Data on vocational education are included with general education. Norway - Beginning in 1968, certain institutions previously shown under vocational and teacher-training education at the second level are naw classified as education at the third level. United Kingdom - Education data exclude unrecognized schools. United States - First level includes pre-primary education. The figures for this level refer to grades I-VI and partly grades VII and VIII depending on the organization of junior high schools in the reporting states. -37

TbJ: A-aiSbili ty of industrial Dat; from ilu'a,ac ju-rs C-o /,.ves,191-,7.

S usra aoy Ep,tyens ha-ousad A ead Cratlty 'A 3,G Casf- ntHbrofWages. and wurked by , ', cio C 'vear Priou tsal:i !rs b'.a Val., Add.1 Growt'h Nat,es e.lctracit'y C',;t'.lScrit ot esn,Leazd Nme Slro praie ar ?ri:jc T.tL1 oVauAde Cr.a,I L _ N.. of Coontries ~6 S1 79 85 2 34 86 6 6~ __EC705 62 70 19 67 da3~.3 Easten Africa Ethiopia 6 C 2 .. 6/,L56 36 / 96,3 6/,i-7n . 6,ai-l6 ,loaC 6/C . jr. * . 63,66.-7o.. 63,66-7'. . 6j7&-7 Z;t!:CLi.. 67,68 63,c6-7u 63-61,/b ... 67-7.. aaa 67,68 67,68" 67,68 67,68 67,66 6i,66 6 P.C. 66-70G 61,-7, 68-70 66-701 ... 67,66 artosC 1 H.P. ... 65-7L, 65-7,; ...... 61'.7,- 67,65-7,, 67,65-70, 67,65-7u. 67.69-7u ... moz...biq-e C 1 ... 67,65-71, 67,6Y-7'. 63-,66-70 67,70 67-70 63,66-70) ... 63,66-70 67-7.. .. 6-70 Rhod-sia C 1 F.C. 53.56-7o, ... 53,58-7u 53,56-7u ... 63,65-7u. Soaia 2 .. 53,58-70, 5>,-7u ... 67-lu 67-70-j 67-70 67-7u ... 67-70 So,dan 4 P.C./c . 67-7o .... SwaZland . . 66-70 .. 66-70 66-lu.... 6 3 J .P.- 67,66.. 67,68" 67,68.. Tazni 3 F~.C. 66-69 67,68 67,6.9.. ... 64, 'Ugnda 66-69 66-69 66-69 69' 66-69 66-69 B 3 F.C. 63-69 63-69 67,66/b .. 6-., 66-6, Zar 63-69 ... 63,65-69 63-69 . . C 5 ... 68 68 ... .. Zambia C 1 M.P. 63,66-65 68' ..-. 68 68 . 63,66-69 63,66-69 .. 36-63 36-5.. . ~ t. ,Wost... Afri-, 6 6 6 Ghana A Vif M.P./d 6 3- 7, 6- 0)/a,70 63-68,69/6,7b 63-68,70 63-68,7u, ... moraccia c j71 ... 63,66-70 63-70 ... 6..., 67,68/b,6s0 67,68A,69 ... 67-69/b ... 67,66/b,69 Aie.ria c 3 M.P. 67,68/b,69 61-7u 6...6 63-65 63-69 63-6y 63-69 ... 63,657- 63-69- ...... 6, Ea-t As,ia and Pacific China, Repab1lc of /J.. 1 ... 66-69 66-69 66-69 66-69, 66-69 1.93.96 C I M4.P. 68,1', 66-69, 66-69 58-69 66-6~ 611-6., 00"gKong . '5," 68,7u... 8.t 68.10 A 6 ... 63-70 ... 63-70...... 7 Korea, Re-public of 8 2 M.P. Mala.ysia,East: 56,60-70 586L,6-7L. 63,66-7.., 56,60,63,66-7t 6 63,65-'7t Sabhl 2 ... 67-69 67-65 53.56-7-.6-s .. 6,./, ,-7.4/a malaysia,East, Saa'~cC 67-69 67-69 ... 67-63, 67-69 1 ... 67-65 67-65 67-69 67-69 . Malaysia,west C 5 F.C. 55-70 6s 67-69 6t-69~ ... 65, 6, 63-65 61-7U 60-70 ... 67-7u Papu Ne- Guinea C, 2 ... 67-7U 60-7u . . a': 67-70 67-70 67-70 ... 67-7u Philippines C 2 ... 58-7u 63-70 67-7;o Singapore 58-66,68-70; 56-70 ... 66-70 58-66,68-70 56-'.,6i5-1&'.. C 3 F.C. 63-70 63-70 63-70, 631-7u Thailand C 3 M4.P. 63,67-70 . 63,65-7'.. 63-7u 66-7i, 63,66-?., 6-3-1. WesternSn:oo 63,67-70, 63,67,68-69/b 63,67-69, ... 63,67-65 63,676 A 1 P.C. 68 68 68 68 6,166,-65...... 66 668. ... 6:1 Soati.Asia 1ndia A 3 P.C. 59-67 59-67 IrnC .. 5!,-67 66 66-67 57-67 53,58-70 1 ... 63-68 63-68 63-68' 63-66 6 6 6 ... Pai.t-sa C 3 Mi.P. 58,60,64-68 ... 63,65-68 63-68 0- 1/A, 2-70 ... 63-.1" ... 58,60,66-68 58,60,66-68 ... 63,65-68 Sri Lanika C 1 ... 63-70 66-7J 58,6u,61,-68 . 63-67 63-67 . ... 65-70 65-7u 58-66,-67-7y/-b elgeiaC 2 F.C. 66-69 616-68 64,-63 614-69 66-68 66-69 cyrsC 2 64-66,6.. . 60i,R6 F.G. 63-69 63-70 63-7u 63-70 .. Egypt- C 1 ... 58-62,6t-68 58-62.64-68 65-70 63-70 62-70 66-70 6-j/ Gre-c 58-62,64-68 67-66/6 67:68/b 67-68 67-68 C 1 P.C. 56-61,63-69 58-61,63-65 58-61,63-69 57-69,70/9 65/a 61 6, Iraq C 3 56-61,63-69 ... - 63-69 56-61,63-69 53,58-7Cr 63--6, ... 63-65-69 67-69 63,65-69 63,65-69 63,65-60 6j,,6U6-C Irelad C' 1 F.C. 53,58-65, 63,65-69 67-69 .. 67-6.9 63,67-69, 53,58-69 53,58-69 ... 63-69 5,66535-70 .. 5,cL IsalC 2 Mi.P. 58-70 63-70 58-70 58-70 ... 65-7u Jor-dan C 3 F.C. 63-69 58-70j 55,58-7u 63,65-7, 56-I.. Kuwait 63-69 63-67 63-70 ... 63,65-69 C' 1 , 67-69 63-70) ..... ,' ,'.i6-6t ... 67-69 67-69 68,69 67-69 67-69 tyaArbepofC 6 F.C. 66-70 66-7u ... 67-6 7 Mat.P. 6b-70 66-70 ... 65-7u 66-70?. 63-71 63 -70 63-70 63-70 .... 63,65-7C' . 64,-it Portugal C' 1 F.C. 63..667 6.6568.3 SouthAfrica 53,58-70 63-70 58-69 58-70, 63,65-70 C 1 P.C. 53,58-66,68 53,58-6h,68 63.65-7u 5;,65-70 58-70 63,65-7. 53,5.2-67,6, 63-6i,,66,68 53,58-64,66,68 .. 63-66,66,68 53,58-66,66,68 53,96-73..62IJ666 Spain C 1 M.P. 58-59/9,6o-70j 63,64-70 58-59/b,60-7u 56-59/6,60-7U 63-70 Syrian, Araib Rep. of C 1 M4.P. 67-7t0 63-71.. 63-7u 53/b.58-70 63-70, 66-li, 67-70 . 67-7u ... 63,6,1-70 636,65-70 unsaC I . 63-70u T2-70 . uroC 63-70 63-7u 63-70; ... 63,ti5-7L- 3 HP. 5,-6 636-68 53,58-69 53,58-65 63-70 .. 66-70u 63,6-'. 65-6iy 63,65-69 53,58-69538-6770b 3,-69 5,0, Ye-,, Dhonocrtic Republic C 2 M.P. 67-70 ... 67-7u YuolvaD 67`1', ... 67-70L .... 5 ... 591-7u 58-7u ... 6-7u ... .. 870 587 7-7.'-3./ 38

T.t-e I, (cootin-d)

louiril elo- e,iocs anhsrsad ClsiietNuber of Average (,uanLity of Gr-, Plr-d nation Wageo and wor,ked by Gross, Wbtput Cover-e Price Etstblishe,-Lts Persons Engaged V.I.. Adde,d Grsu~th Ruteu Electricity Call,sl,. Ye, !Iub,br Salaries operative Cu'rrent Prig-n tI.e- of Value Adde-d Consaud 1ur.i,--, CLIe.tr' Aneriga and Caribbga- C..,a n1a 6 6 8 *... 2 .. 3, /A e,nanRoput!lir 63,68 63,68 6),Cb ... 2 .. 5j3,5 A7u 63,66-68 63,6b 63 63,66 El Salvador 53.58-6t. 53,58-6- .. 6_65-67 63,613 C 2 --- 63-7u 63-7i, 53,58-67 60-56,65-6y . Guatenala B 65-70 63-70 ... 63,651-70 2 ... 65,68 65,68 65,68 66 .*58-70 68-7o Haiti A I ... 65 68 65,68' 60-7G 70 ... 70 70 65,6b 65,608 H.ndar.. C 2 M.P. 53,58-68 ... 70 70.. 53,58-68 63,65,68 53,58-68 ... 63,60 53,58-68 60-7u 63,68 63 Jae,iea B 3 F.C. 63,15.', ... 63,65 63,65 Mexico 0 5 M.P. ... 63,65-611 63,65-68 6,3- 7 -Z. 63/k,66-69A, 63-71/b 63-70Z/b ... 63,66-6HL~ Panam a 2 M.P. ... 63/b,65-70/b 6i,-7ib 58-70(' Puerto 58-70 63-70 58-To' 58-To 67-70A/ 63-7uLb Rico C, I ... 63,67-TI 657-TI 6T-_7~. 58-7TI 58-T0 Trin,idad ... 63,67-TI, 63,67-7u 63,67-70 67-To7 58-Tu andTobago C 3 ...... 55-Wb/,66-7u 59-6h/b.66-68 63/L6.6-70 59-61/6,66-65 .. 66-6, 53, 58'62,6&656 ... South Pa,erica .. 66-6;- 1retia0... 67-6VbL,.. olia5 67-65,/b 67-65/b 1 . 66-08- 66-68' .. .1561.-7u B-aei 66-68" 66-68- ... - 66-68 C 1I . 53,58,59,62,66-69 67-68 60-68 16-68 Chile 53,58,59,62-6!5 53,58,51i,62-61. 53,58,59,61-65 66-68" C 3 M.P. 63-67 ... 63,65-69 53,58,59,61-69 53,58-TO 63,65-65 63,66-67 63-67 63-67 63,65-67 63,65-67 53,58,59,63-69 Colenbia C 2 F.C. 63-67 58,70 63,65-67 53,58-69 63-65 53,58-6!5 65-69 63-67 Scad-r B 2 63,65-69 53,58-69 53,58-69 - .. 63,66-7U 63,66-7o 63,66-70 63,66-7/0 53,58-70 63,65-69 63-69 Peru C 2 M.P. ... 63,66-To 63,66-70 60-To 63-65 63-70 .. 63-69 63,66-70 63,66T70 Uruguay C 1 M.P. ... 65-69 63-69 53,58-70 68 68 68 68 66-68 63,65-69 68 68 68 61-70 DSEC 68 68 16 17 Auntralia C' 6 10 1)77 2 P.C. 5358-70 95-70 R53,5-6 18 Aastr-Ia A 1 H.P. T3,58-70 8.6-7 0 53,58-TO 63-70 65-70 63-70 69-70 33,58-705AI7 Bolgium C' 5 P.C. .. 63-70 63-68/b,69-7u 58-70 53,58-T0 .53,58-70 61-70 61-70 63-:69 63,65-70 Cnada C I P.C. ... 53,58-70 53,58-70 58-70 63-70 58-70 58-70 ... 53,58-TO Denmrk C 2 P.C. 63'-70 6.3-70' 58-70 58-70 Finland 63-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 66-70 60-73 C 2 F.C. '5h.50-70 63-70 63-70 63-70 58-65 63-70 56,58-713 56,58-70 63-70 63-65,70 63-70 63-70 5h,58-70 58-70 63-TO FPu-ae 59-70 D 5 P.C. ... 63-70A 0e.-ny'; aede. al Re.01- - 63-70/b ...... L. 3 m.7. ;3&,58-62,b,63-7o 63-To 63-70Vib 58-70 63,65-70 Tal.y 53A,-,58-6Z:j5,,;-70 ;3/A,58Z'b (-7C 53-7Z, 63-7: 63-7o/L D ,. ... 53,587-9,70/. 58-TO 63-7:- Japan 53,58-70 67-70 5jY,Si-6Zj,6 -70 67-70 6T-70 63-.-9 C' 1 ... 53,58-70 63-7o 3 53,58-TO 58-70 63-70 63,65-70 L,xesbourg 53,58-70 r3,58-70 ... 63-70 C I& P.C. 53,58-70 63-70 53,58-70 58-70 63-67 58-70 Netherlands 53,58-10 53,58-70 66-70 63-70 C I P.C. 63 63-70 53,58-70 53,5-70 .. 53,58-70 53,58-69 .. 63-65 53,58.70 53,58-69 53,58-70 63'-70 53,58-70 Ne.. 2eaand C 1 P.C. 6 No.rwa 52 58-69,70& 52,58- 9,7OLb 63.69 52 58-69,70Lb C 1 P.C 53,58-70 63,67-69,70/b 63-69,70/b 52,58-69 5a-70 .ednC 63-70 53,58-70 531,58-70 63-70 ... 63-69,70~/b 2`.. 370 63-70 6-063-70 63-70 53,58-70 58-70 63-TO Switno.rland 6-70 63-70 63-70 53,58-TO C 2 P.C. 63,65-70 5-063-70 63,66-70 Uhvited Kingdou 63,65-70 ...... 0 1 ... . 63,67 60-70 - ... 63-70- 63-70'O.. United Stat-s C 1 P.:C-/h . 58-06-70 ...... 53,58-70 53,58-70 63-70" 63-To 63-70 51,58-70 53,58-70 CPEC 63-67 53,58-70 ,3ai 7 A1 6 ' 5 ..-. 60-70 63,65-70 551 . 6 CocolvkaC. 60.70 60-70 63-70 .... 6 5 ... 63-70 63,65-70 53,58-70 673-70 62-7-0 Ge--ay, Dem.cratic Rep.. of 63-70 63-70 66-70 63-70' C' I F.C. 63,66-67,68-70&b ... 66-70O 60-70 63-70 unryC, 63,66-67,68-70/b 63/6,66-70/b ... 63,66-67,68-7OLb 6 6 63,65-70 1 P.C. 63-70 63,65-70 ... 60-70 6V/b, -70Lb 63/b,65-70L Poland 53,58-70 5,338-70 - 63-70 63-70 C, 1 H.P. 60-68,70 60-70 58-TO 58-70 '37 87 Rumaia . ... 63-70 63,6h-65A,66-70 63,64-65&,66-69,70/b C' ... 63-69 63-69,70Z- 63Z-b.65-7 58-70 63-70A 63-645/,66-68,69L87t1 C FJS.C. 0L 63/5,65-68/b 6 6....6 6 ... 6-0a..., 5,8-70 53,58-70 58-70 63Zb,65-70,b 6 3-7 Ob 3L., L., 7-O 6/66-O .. 53,58-7U

Novt-a, A -The .,rigtoal data -er in ISIC (Rev 1Ior R-v 2). B -The or&ig.In data iert ISIC (Rev.1-o Re., 2) .ubjent ta .ome miorqaliia-o C - The or,iginal dat. wee 8o C.'- oainl,daralcanfctawhich i:. copara,ble with ISIC (Rev. I or Rev. 2) The original data wer In national ndutrial claif icao which I8..no trictly comparable to ISIC (Re-. I or Rev-. 23, bat i. D - The origiosI data were to national industrial...cltifatitao adjosted to repreweot. ISIC (Re.- I orRev 2) which cam hardly be recooctied with ISIC (Rev. I or Re.. 2) V/ Zi.-utin.od alte 157w od!itis of Lhc sourc.. /aDeta avaiable for suoatrs(total), ht not for sub-sato-. LDIEC- Leon Developed EconceO at, avilable formnfcue(u-etr) but oat for total. Countrie.. SNEC - Dveloped Ma.rket EconosO Coutries T6 GOro output In producers' vausad value added in factor vle.CPEC 7d Value -Centrally Plannd Econcos Countries added i,, producer. aus but there i no mention of groom output. 7~30or sore perons engaged. ,~50 or more perons (For 1563 and 1567 establishents with 5 or morepesn) For 1970 esaloaet ith 20 or more person engaged. / Value added in F.C., but there i. no nntion of groom output. Covers all eotablilabent. with 50 o .rmr employee: an 50% of those with 10-50 employee. M.P. M-*Hrbt Pu-ic- P.C. -Factor Cost. -Not available.

Souce UN, Growth of Wdrid Todunit Vol. I, 1971 and earlier editions. -39

TableS5 : Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in Sele cted C6nre,- D 6-n

(at current prices in million US$) Couintries 122~ 1958 1960 1963 191 96 96 1967 16 199 1970 1971 Argentina /a ...... 3,180 3,1470 1,121 14,691 Argentina 7T*. 14,731414,797 5,128 5,8514 5,9814 3,180 3,887 * 5,019 * 6,053 6,361 Brzl165 * 5,538 * 14,822 5,151 6,367 * .... *2311 * .. 5,1452 * 3,569 * 14,712 7,177 Chile * 7,081 * 7,192 * 8,263 * ...... *.766 927 * 1,116 China, * 1,257 * 1,2914 * .. Republic of ...... 563 775 961 Colombia 597 * 1448 * 1,J.141 6914 * 971k 1,122 * 863 1,0214 * 936 * 1,030 * 1,213 * 1,272* 1,2 Costa Rica 52 ... 79 Greece -a 714 93 76 1ll 125 1140 ... 288 335 6149 157 1832 201 -509 867 9814 1,0146 1,189 1,372 India ...... 2,278 1,636 3,329 3,7147 3,662 *2,939 3,067 Iran ...... 3,285 .. . Israel 530 589 687 731 9014 1,002 ... 391 55* 605 1,152 1,304 1,497 716 822 835 * 753 562 1,11414 1,3214 * 1,317 Ivory Coast /c ... 38 * 143 89 1ll Kenya 614 71 79 95 * 112 200 ...... 614 77 814 * 250 Korea, Republic of 914 96 98 127 135 162 238* 520 * 515 * 472* 258 Malaysia * 411* 578 7714 1,0714 * 1,395 ... .. 89 132 159 1,750 * 1,846 Mexico 188 212 209 252 282 383 ... . 2,7214 3,607 14,359 14,925 * 433 5A1514 6,072 6,906 7,698 .... Pakistan ... 214 3214 629 769 850 931 998 Peru ...... 1,007.. Piipns... 589 690 803 91414 7146 1,074 708* 19 * 700 718 738 1195 1,303 1,396 794 960 1044 1,229 * Singapore ... 95 1,115C ...... 93 99 118 1141. 1614 Spain ... 207 290 365 * 14814 . .. 2,823 3,557 14,0314 4,1489 * 4,141 14,1400 5,2214 5,853 6,981 Thailand ...... 315 1459 Tunisia 1495 563 6145 304 460 ...... 78 87 459 1,038.. Turkey * 122 103 131 1214 1142 153 216 739 * 659 737 161 * 187 Venezuela 895 1,286 1,1451 2,000 2,252 2,065 ...... 1,5141 2,016 * 2,1455.. Yugoslavia *2,200 1,891 1,967 2,119 2,282 2,1431 .. 593 878 2,1406 * .. 1,2614 1,711 2,059 * 2,386 2,14014 2,711 3,110 3,822 * 3,O4 Japan 14,692 8,820 13,987 214,9214 28,308 30,558 35,600 141,623 149,371 57,081 75,716 * 90,969

/a At 1960 constant prices. Tb At current prices (source: U.N. National Accounts 1965-1969 Statistics, Vol. I, 1970). 7c figures are not comparable with earlier years or later taken years due to the difference in sources. The 1965 to from the Bank Report No. AW-28, Vol. 1, June 1971, those 1969 data are of later years from 296-IVC, December 114,1973, and thiose years from the Report No. AF-61a, July 1967. of earlier

* Values in domestic currencies will not have the same relative change because they are not affected by devaluation and revaluation of the exchange rates. Notes: 1) Most values are in factor cost. For some countries the later year's data may be at factor cost, whereas earlier year's may be at market prices. the 2) Entire data are obtained frcm the industrial censuses/surveys and not fran the national accounts. 3) The exchange rates given in U.N. Statistical Year Book were used for converting local currency into U.S. $ Sources: Same as for Table 17. Lo10

Table 6: Indurtr1p] Production Index for 60-)yL9 and Gross Value Added in Manufacturing in B2a Year. 3.16

Base Year Value AddedL - 196 1961 -1962 1961. 1965 1966 l%7 1968 1969 1970 1971 Country (1) (2) (3) (1.) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) *Agra243 Argentina 133.14 139.6 97.7 104..3 102.2 104.3j .. 100 10 05 115.0 109.9 121.1 124..5 14.0.6.. Australia (1961, 135.0 136.0 138.0 11.8.0 16h.0o 100) 9,71h 79.0 ... 172.0 184.0 Austria ... 100.0 108.0 111.0 115.0 120.0, ... 90.0 9)1,0 96.0 -1o8.o- 128.0 135.0 139.0 112.0 317.0 118.0 127.0 I2. *abds8 151.0 14. 77.7 93.3 100.0 102.2 100.7 .Belgium 102.2 118.5 125.9.. 3,594. 88.0 87.0 Bolivia 93.0 107.0 110.0 ll14.0 116.0 .. 86.o 83.0 105.0 1214.0 138.0 1b14.0 148.0 Brazil 131.0 155.0 216.0 234..0 236.0.. 5,152' 84.o0 93.0 100.0 105.0 Begra..72.0 100.0 1-12.0 115.0 13. 180 80.0 90.0 110.0 127.0 1U.0.. 11. *Bra11. 74.6 163.0 180.0 197.0 217.0 80.7 81.7 88.6 100.9 96.5 238.0 91.2 101.8 103.5 1u6.1 114.9 -aCajueroon (1965=100) 77 ... Canada ... . . 100.0 103.0 11,910 83.0 86.0 91..:0 108.0 118.0 125.0 131..0 138.o *Central African Republic 110.0 119.0 128.0 131.0 14.0.0 11.. .. 11.9.0 10..0 156.0 Chile . 110.6 124..6 135.1 11.8.1 163.3 766 80.0 86.o 94..0 105.0 196.2 225.2.. China, Republic of 1.10.0 118.0 117.0 -1-17.0.. 122.0 . 72.0 -82.0- 91.0 122.0 121.0 14.6.0 169.0 200.0 21.6.0 292.0.... Colombia 974. 83.0 88.0 95.0 106.0 112.0 120.0 *Costa Rica 71. 79.1.4 124..0 133.0 11.3.0 151.0 164.0 Cyprus . ... 109.3 317.5 131.0 11.39 32 ... ;;.97. 157.5 170.5 Czechoslovakia 98.0 311.0 124..0 .11.3.0 . 155.0 168.0 183.0 203.0o 83.0 9.5.0 101.00 104..0 13.30 122.0 Denmark 1,662, 87.0' 131.0 138.0 11.6.0 158.0 184.0 91.0 99.0 112.0 -120.0- 122.0 126.0 130.0 14.5.0 11.9.0 153.0 Dominican Republic 169 88.0 Ecuador 79.0 97.0 106.0 83.0 101.0 80 76.0 87.0 108.0 104..0 121..0 144.0 159.3 El Salvador 88.0 121.0 131..0 11.6.0 168.0 . 75.0 77.0 181.0 199.1 217.0 241.3 *Ethiopia p.5.0 130.0 159.0 162.0 66 - 72.1. 187.0 179.0 188.U 2061.0 77,8 89.1 116.0 134..0 214.0) Finland 1,4.1. 83.0 156.0 181.0 208.0 235.0 2361..]. 91.0 96.0 107.0 11L5.0 120.0 125.0 132.0 150.0 166.0 166.0 Franca ... 84.0o 89.0 -9.5.0- 107.0 108.0 Germany, Democratic Rep. . 117.0 121.0 127.0 11.2.0 85.0 90.0 96.0 107.0 113.0 151..0 162.0 Germaniy, Federal Rtep. 38,821 120,0 128.0 136.0 11.5.0 151..0 87.0 93.0 97.0 109.0 115.0 163.0 'aGhana 272 65.6 117.0 115.0 129.0 11.70 156.0 75.1 81.0 108.0 104..0 108.0 159.0 Greece 633 81..0 122.0 14.9.0 163.0 170.0 180.0 85.0 .90.0 111.0 119.0 137.0 14.1.0 151.0 168.0 186.0 204.0 Guaatemala . 87.0 91.0 88.0 l01..0 113.0 Cuaa2680 116.0 117.0 -113.0 126.0 129.0 79'.0 89.0 93.0 13. *Haiti. 35 101..2 107.0 111.0 120.0 330.0.. 97.3 106.9 99.2 100.8 103.6 Honduras 31 102.0 101..2 107.1 107.3 114.2 77.0 81.0 .90.0 113.0 127.0 *Hong Kong 1.21 66.7 151.0 161..0 182.0 200.0 217.0 80.0 93.3 110.0 123.3 11.0.0 163.3 209. 251.3 273.3 297 Hungary ... 77.0 86.0 93.0 108.0 *Iceland 1.0 116.0 121..0 134..0 141.0 l141.0 66.2 82.1 99.3 125.5 153.9 156.0 1653.0 India 3,321, 159.3 115.0 70.2 83.8 89.5 77.0 81..0 93.0 109.0 119.0 87.4 *Indonesia 621 89.8 117.0 115.0 121.0 129.0 135.0 101.0 102.0 99.0 98.0 100.0 139.0 Iran 531 75.0 103.1 112.2 128.6 11.0.1 155.0 81.0 92.0 113.0 125.0 139.0 157.0 171..0 195.0 218.0 256.0 aIraq (1960-100) 152 100.0 . . . 120.1. Ireland 1.87 82.00 126.6 131..6 1L.8.9 156.9.... 89.0 95.0 1.07.0 113.0 116.0 Israel 605 125.0 138.0 11.8-0 152.0 167._0 67.0 77.0 87.0 l11..0 121..0 Italy 12,277 126.0 122.0 . -158.0- 184..0 202.0 75.0 83.0 91.0 101.0 105.0 229.: *1vory Coast 72 -118.0o- 128.0 136.0 1141.0 150.0 6h1.] 75.6 82.7 118.6 119.2 15. 136.5 150.0 161.5 175.6 173.117. -Jamaica 110 82.2 86.0 84..8 105.1 Japan 21,782 108.1 117.8 117.3 121.6 69.0 83.0 90.0 116.0 121.0 *ira 165.0)15 '137.0 164..0 19.270 26.058. 4.5.7 ...... 100.0 *Kenya 82 91.9 106.6 104..6 119.9 1,76.5 95.1.4b 93.6 96.8 ll1.5 121.0 127.1, *Khmer Republic 75 80.7 137.1 11.8.1 161.3 171..2 196.8 79.0 87.? 110.5 131.6 11.0.1 161..9 1l.7.1. 175.1. 156.1 145.6 Korea, Republic of 1.72 72.0 76.0 -aLibyan Arab 88.0 107.0 126.0 157.0 201..0 Republic 28 . 275.0 335.0 390.0 9. Luxembourg ... 100.0 1.10.0 120.0 11.0.0 160.0 171. 102.0 101..0 190.0...... *Malaysia 100.0 111.0 111.0 107.0 -107.0- (1961rlOO) 158 105.0 100.0 115.0 130.0 131.0 131.0 Malta (396h=100) . . 75.6 82.9 90.2 ... . 100.0 115.6 129.8 131.8 . . 100.0 l14.0 129.0 129.0 11.3.0 162.0 166.0 156.0 Table 6 (coot.inued)- i

Base Year T1 i on 1960 3.961 1962 19641 3 965 1966 196 1968 ] 6 Countr ~ L i (1 (2) (3) (1)(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (vi) (? Mexi co .. 83.0 87.0 91. 0 116.0 Morocco 126.0 138.0 1117.0 161.0o 175.0 189.o I. 25'7 86.7 g0. 0 95.0 102.0 100.0 106.0o -*Mozamabique 88 111.0 115.0 123.0 135.0 lII,Id ...... 93.0 109.0 135.0 153.0 177.0.... , 11.,031 87.0 90.0o 95-0 111.0 116.0 122.0 126.0 138.0 153.0 New Zealand i,6O1j 83.0 91.0 96.0 166.0 lii..o 131.0 125.0 133.0 14110 1410.0 1441.0 157.u.. *Nicaragua 72 841.0 91.0 96.0 aNigeria 112.0 119.0 123.0 129.0 136.0 1410.0 1156 66.14 78.1 99.1 136.1 Norway 1416.9 1611.0 165.0 i67.0 220.6 2415.8 1,359 86.0 91.0 95.0 108.0 115.0 *Pakist,an 635 70.11 121.0 125.0 129.0 136.0 1113.6 4e Panama 79.6 90.0 111.-3 125.-5 139.0 10183 159.6 61 51.0 56.0 78.0 101.0 176.11 201.0 2013.1i 1111.0 126.0 137.0 156.0 162.0 176.u 2(52.0 -oparaguay 67 911.0 92.0 99.0 118.0 125.0 127.0 132.0 Peru 589 79.0 137.0 136.0 1110.0 ._ 87.0 93.0 110.0 -120.0- 139.0 138.0 1113. Philippines 779 83.0 89.0 911.0 1116.o 166. t:. Poland 108.0 111.0 121.0 126.0 137.0 112.0 1112.0 . 78.0 87.0 95.0 110D.0 Portugal 120.0 129.0 139.0 152.0 165.0 180.0 85'9 79.0 86.0 92.0 112.0 119.0 195.' 127.0 135.0 111.0 1611.0 173.0 /" *Puerto Rico 563 76.11 81.0O Rhodesia (Southern) 89.:9 109..T2 118.6 130.6 136.2 150.0.. ... 88.0 91.0 92.0 109.0 Romania 118.0 170170128.0 15016.0..b ... 68.0 78.0 89.0 115.0 *Senegal 71 130.0 1115.0 1611.0 1811.0 203.0 230.0.. 88.0 96.6 96.2 107.2 - 110.6 Singapore (1966-loo) 138 118.8 126.9 126.11 127.9 133.7 3...... 1(13.0 11.1.0 131.0 156.0 182.0( 21s. South Africa 1,988 77.0 82.0 88.0 Spai-n 107.0 115.0 123.0 132.0 137.0 151.0 2,827 68.o 78.0 -87.0- 113.0 159.0 1, Sri lanka 127.0 1441.0 153.0 165.0 190.0 210.021. ... 85.0 89.0 96.0 107.0 1111.0 115.0 *Surinam 11 72.3 ...... Swede-n 75.3 87.0 911.2 116.8 123.3 330.1 137.0.. 11,731 83.0 89.0 911.0 109.0 118.0 122.0 125.0 13.0112. 151.0 1k] Switzerland 41,386 811.0 90.0 96.0 1011.0 107.0 111.0 Syrian Arab Republic 123 111.1.0 120.0 132.0 1113.0 1116.11 ...... 96.0 116.0 127.0 131.0 12-7.0 130.0 *Tanzania 111 73.2 90.1 153.0 162.0 169.0 *Thailand 98.6 105.6 119.7 1110.8 156.3 167.6 1811.5 1113 711.1 81.5 92.6 107.11 195.8 21 . *Togo (19641=100) 126.0 1110.7 155.6 170.11 185.2 200.0 2191.4 6 ...... 100.0 .121.6 1111.0 1112.3 171.7 183.2 187.7 2W1.3 *Trinidad and Toba o 83 78.6 85.5 Tunisia 91.8 1111.7 127.2 11s6.3 1511.6 169.3.... (1966=100 18 811.0 ... Turkey . . 97.0 100.0 107.0 112.0 1111.0 120.0O.. 7311 82.0 86.0 87.0 130.:0 14 4.0 176.0 amUganda 55 811.6 89.7 . U.S.S.R. 98.6 102.3 120.5 136.9 1113.9 1116.6 1119.5 152.14. ... 77.0 811.0 92.0 107.0 116.0 127.0 1110.0 153.0 1611.0 178.0 189).1 U.A.R. (Egypt.) ... 51.0 63.0 76.0 1111.0 121.0 116.0 112.0 1211.0 123.0.... Unted Kingdom 30,3411 96.0 96.0 96.0 United States 109.0 112.0 1111.0 111.1.0 121.0 126.0 127.0 191,560 86.0 86.0 911.0 107.0 126.0 Uruguay 118.0 130.0 132.0 139.0 1116.0 139.0 267 101.0 101.0 101.0 107.0 3. Venezuela 107.0 109.0 1011.0 109.0 116.0 120.0 1,282 79.0 85.0 93.0 1111.0 123.0 121.0 126.0 132.0 136.0 1115.0 156.0 *Viet-Nam, Republic of 172 73.0 79.0 86.0 Yugoslavia 1111.0 137.0 1119.0 165.0 150.0 1L88.0 211.0 216.0 21 76.0 81.0 86.0 118.0 128.0 *Zaire (1964=~100) 1311.0 1)11.0 1112.0 159.0 1711.0 191.1 200 ...... 100.0 *Zambia 1-11.1 123.5 120.5 111.1 1211.7 111.6 lSii1.4 32 78.9g 93.9 93.0 116.8 152.0 162.2 207.7 222.2 207.11 2311.7 251.7

/a Value added is gross of depreciation and may be at factor cost or market prices. The official exchange rates values in local currencies. at the end of the base year have been used to convert A country's name is followed by rthe base year, if it is diffLrunt fromi1963. An index ni r, pricceded and followed a dashi (- indicates h. p-int, where two scr,es 'iavcbeen merged. i(otavailable!.

* 'sourc'es, i'-low

Sjuros- lj ..N. Tjhi. rowti uf Wtrld. ndstr, Vo.I,17, t arti,r editions an npublished data. 2) Countries with asterisk (~: lb_~0, oinc_oconomtc Data Rank.. 7atI Fakcrnvrsin ~r ŽCrmar.~ ata 176. 95, 970a.sd 1971 Ilatio..at Currency peUS Dollar

131qConversion F.actor aversee - MF' Exchange Rate (end ye., C..rVvNe- of 60 95 17 ,oO:5176arn 1971

Afghanistan Afghani 39.08 71.84 82.98 230.00 4,5.0 1±5.00 45.00 - officia1rate 1,2.1,9 79.84, 90.13 82.66 - free rate Algeria Algeriandnar 1.9, 1.9 1.44-± 4-.1.9 4.94, 1,55 Angola 7acudo. 28.75 28.75 25.751 Argentina Peso ..... 82.70u 188.50 1.00/ 5Coo/t Australia Autain6 35'',8 0.8,8 4,1,/a 0,.45/a 0.89 0.90 A,stria Scnilling 26.00 26.00 24.93 26.ou, 25.59 25.88 23.71 Rarbados East Caribbean$ 1.71 1.71 2.00.. Belgium -ranc 50.-00 510.00 4,8.73 1,L.7 1.6, 4'9.68 1,1.76 5oliv-a Pesrl ...... Li6,o 11.88 11.88 11.88 Brazil Cruzeiro.. ... 0.1 ,200 4.,95L 5.64Lb

sura Kyat 1.76 1.76 1,.7b 4.78 1.78 1.80 5.4,7 causoSIia (Khme-Rep.) Rt-el 35.00 35.00 55.52 ... 'aronFranc C.--.A. 21,6. 21,6.85 277.70 .:.5 21.8 27.1 255.7;9 Canada CanadianS .96 1.08 1.01 0.99 1.07 1.01 1.00 CentraOlAfrican% Rep. Franc C.F.A. 21,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 ...... 277.71 255.79

Chad Franc C.I.A. 21,6.55 21,6.85 277.70 . ... 277.71 255.79 haoEscudo ..... 1.~.,5 3.4,7 12.23 15.80 Cunina,Rep. rif H?T 39.85 160.00 1,0.0/s 39.55 10.10 1,0.10 1,0.10 CoobaPeso ...... 6.70 13.51 19.17 21.00 - principal selling rate 558 .50 15.28 16.71, - coffeeexport rate Congo,people's Rep. Franc C.I.A. A'6.85 21,6.851 277..7Q ...... 277.71 255.79

CostaRica 0.71000 ...... 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 - officialselling rate 6.65 . 6.65 8.60 - free market .y,prus Cy-n± pon o3.36 0.41 .. 036 U.1,2 0..38 Carom.ey Franc C.F.A. 21,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 .. 21,6 85 277.71 255.79 Z.enmark Kror.e r 6.91 6.91 7.4, .1 6.89 7.1,9 7.06 DominicanRepublic Peso 1.00' 1.00 1.U0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Ecuador Sucre - - ... 15.15 18.18 25.25 25.25 - officialrate 17.50) 18.52 Z. ... - freerate !.gypt- Egyptian pound -.35 0.1,3 0.143 u.35 0.1,3 0.13 0.1,3 ES alvador Colone 2.50 2.5u 2.5u 2.5a 2.50 2.50 .5 Ethiopia Ethiopian8 2.1,8 2.5U 2.50 . 2.50 2.50 2.30 Fiji S 0.1,0 0.4,0 0.87 .....

Finland Markka 320.00-/a 3.20 4.20 320.50-/1 3.2? 1.18 4.15 France Franc 4.-1- 1.91, 5.53 1,.90 4,.90 5.52 5.22 Gabon Franc C.F.A. J1,6.85 21,6.85 277.70 ... . 277.71 255.79 GabaGambian pound -.36 u1.36 2.08-/a ... 0.6012.2/ Geray, Den. dep. DlR valutammark 1.20 1.20 1.20 .....

Ger,any, Fed. Rep. Deutsche e.ark . . ... 4.176 1.01 3.65 .3.27 Ghana -e 6di.,o.a .85/d 1.07 o.3 /c 08d 1.21.82 Gre-ece Drachria 30..... Y0.00 30.00' 3 .0Lo 30.00 30.00 30.00 Guadelnipe Franc 1±9 .54 5.5L ... ua,atemala .,uetzal l.. .0 1.00~ IL.C 1.00 1.00 10

Guyana Guyana 5 1.71 1.71 2.00 ... 1.71 2.00 2.00 Haiti Gourde . . ,.5.oO 5.u0 5.00x 5.00 .Honduras Lempira 2.020 .02.00U 2.00U 2.00 2.00 Ho.ngKong , Hong Cong$ 5.71 5.71 5.98 ...... ffungary Forint l.11. l.171, 11.71, ..... Iceland Kronur ~ 38.05 1,3.00 61.9',1 38.10 1,3.06 88.10 87.12 India Rupees 4.76 4.76 7.50 1.77( 4.78 7.56 7.28 Indonesia Rupiah 1,5.00 10.00 10.00 ... 2,237.00/e 310.00 371.00 - major export rate 262.00- 378.00 115.00 - major import rate Ira Rial 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 75.75 Iraq Dinar 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.33 Ireland Irish pound 0.36 0.36 0.11 0.36 0.36 0.1,2 0.39 Israel Israelipound . . .80 3.003.0.2 Italy Lira 625.00O 625.00 619.i9 6210.60 621.70 623.00 49.200 IvoryCoast Franc C. F. A. 216.85 24,6.85 277.70 . 21,6.85 277.71 255.79 Jamaica Jamaicanpound 0.36 0.36 o.83/1 0.36 0.36 0.83/f 0.77Lf Japan Yen 360.00 360.00 34,9.11 358.30 360.90 357.60 311.80 Jordan Dinar 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 Kenya Kenyra shilling 7.11, 7.11 .0/ . 7.11 7.471 Korea, Rep. of Won ...... 650.00 271.ooLY 316.00 373.00 Kuwait Dinar 0,36 6 0 0.3,6 . 0.36 C.36 0.33 Lebanon Lebanese pound .3.15 3.07 3.08 3.15 3.07 3.25 3.16 Liberia Liberiandollair ...... Libya Libyan pound 0.6 .6 0 .3 6 .3 0.6 033 Malagasy Rep. Franc Kalaasy 21,6.85 216.85 277.70 ... 216.85 277.71 Z55*79 Malawi Pound 0. 36 ). 36 n.82 ... 0.36 0.5.2 0.77 Malaysia Malaysian $ 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.o6 3.09 2.90 Mali Franc C. F. A. 246.85 24,6.85 555.56/1 ... 216.85 555.12/1 5L1.57/1- Malta Maltese pound 0.36 0.36 0.12 ... 0.36 0.1,2 0.37 MaULritania Franc C. F. A. .. . 216.85 277.70 ... 21,6.85 277.71 255.79 Mauritius Rupee 1.76 1.76 5.56 ... 4.76 5.56 5.12 Medico Peso 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.49 12.19 12.4,9 12.19 Horocco Dirham 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.06 5.03 5.01, 4.68 Mozamnbique Escudo 28.75 28.75 28.75 ..... Netherlands Guilder 3.80 2.62 3.50 3.77 3.61 3.60 3.25 Netherland Antilles GLilder N. A. 1.89 1.89 1.89 ...

New Guinea Australian$ 0.89 0.89 0.89 . HeNeln ew Zealand 0.36_/1 0.72 0.803/1 036L1 09008 Nicraraua Cordoba 1.00/1 1.00/1 1.00/1 7.05 7.05 7.05 7,05 Table 7 (continued)

:.... 0 ~,en'dyear) Ocnr m, . urec conversionFacter (aver~age) ~ ~cheRte 9 1970 1 7 ______o Cur____ en___ 19 3

2L4n.65 277.-71 255.79 Niger Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 *. 0.36 0.3 036 .36 0.36 0.3j Nigeria Nigerian pound 0.36 7.31 6.71 Kroner 7.2ls 7.114 7.02 7.125 '.15 Norway 14.80 14.79 Runees 14.76 14.76 h.1476 14.78 *.78 Pakistan ... -.00 1.00 1.00 Panama Balboaa 1.00 1.00L 1.00

Papua Australian $ 0.145La 0.89 0.89.. . 126.00" 12'i.0O 126.00 126.00 Paraguay Guarani..... 38.70 38.70 - principal P?eru sole 26.76 2:6.2 3870..o. 26.76 ' .82 143.38 143.148 - other 2.02 3.91 6.143 6.143 Phiil-ippines Peso ...... 28.83 26.83 28.75 27.56 PortuESg,- Escudo 28.75 28.75 28.75 6.ou 6.0o ... Romania Leu 6.00 21 50.00 100.00 .. O0 10.0 ..wanda Swanda franc ... 14.11 14.09 14.50 14S . .50 u.SO; SaudiArabia Riyal 2i:.5.5 277.71 255.79 Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 . Senegal -71 0.83 0.77 Sierra Leone Leone 0.36 0.71 0.83 .. 3.08 2.90 $3.06 3.06 3.06 ... 3.06 6ingapore Singapore ia14 7.114 6.58 Somali shilIling 7.114 7.114 7.114 ... Somalia 0.36/h J.72 0.72 0.77 South Africa Rand 0.71 0.71 0.71 Rhnodesiapound 0.36 0.36 0.36 ... 6outhernRhodesia 60.15 5 .99 69.72 66.02 Spain Peseta 60.o0 60.o0 69.98 4.79 5.97 5.97 Rupee 14.76 14.76 5.95 L-76 Sri Lanka 0.35 3.35 J.35 0.35 Sudan, Sudanese pouand 0.35 0.35 0).3-5 Surinam guilder 1.89 1.89 -.i9 . Surina 5.18 5:18 .17 14.87 n Kronor 5.17 5.17 5.1 Swede 4.31 4.32 14.32 3.92 Swizerland Franc 14.3. 14.30 14.11 3.82 3.82 Syrian pound 3.58 3.82 ,aQ2, 3.58 3.82 Syria 7'.114 7.114 7.1L Tanzania shilling 7.114 7.114 .3/ ... Ta.nania 21.114 20.8 3 21.00 21.00C ,hailand Saht 21.10 20.80 20.80 ... 214n.85 277.71 2.55.79 Togo Franc C.F.A. 2146.85 216.85 277.70 ... 1.71 2.00 1.814 Trinidad &Tobago TT$ 1.71 1.71 2.00 '.-52 0.52 0.148 Di-nar 0.142 0.52 0.2 0.142 ~unisia 9.00 -.00 114.85 114.00 TuirKey Lira 9.00 9.00 13.00 .... 14 7.114 7.114 Uganda Uganda shilling 7.114 7.114 0.30/-m 0.90 0.'90 ... i LSSR Rouble 0.90 0.36 0.141 0.36 . .36 0.4 0.39 u X Pound sterling 0.36 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 :.00 1.00 USA $ 214t.85 277.71 255.79 Franc C.P.A.. 2146.85 2146.85 277.70 ... Uppe r Volta 59.90 250.00 370.00 - official selling rate Peso ...... Uruguay a;0 69.20 2149.50 500.00 - free rate 4.53 14.40 Bolivar 3.35 14.50 1430 3.35 1.:50 Venezuela 35.00 6(0.0Co 118.00 11 8.C - official market '.'i'etNam, Rep. of Piastre 35.00 35.00J 2714.73 73.50 73.50 275.00 410.00 -parallel market

Yemen, Peoples' Dem.036.1 0.36 0.142 0.38 Southern Y.Dinar 0.3 036 0.1 ... RLepublic 12.50/i 17.00 11 official rate Dinar 300.00 12-50.00 114.814/i 300.CO 1,250.00 Yugo-,lavia 632.00 settlement rate 0,50 50 00!- 150.OLj ~ 0.50 . 165.0011 0.50 Zaire Zaire 0.71 ... C.6i .107 ZaniaKwacha a.67 0.36j)k

/a Austra'lian pound, per US d.llar. 7:b Prom February 1967 new cruzeiro (-1000 old cruzeiros) was intr-oduced. 7:c Ghanaian pound per US3dollar. 7d Ohanaian cedi per US dollar. 7:e Md rupiah per US dollar. Jamaican dollar per US dol:ar. /luNew Zealand pound per US diollar. 7:a South African pound per US dollar. 7: Prom 1965 new diniar (1 new dinar 100 old dinar) per US dollar 7 Congo £rancd per ULSdollar. 7-cZasbian pound per US dollar. /FKoyan pounds per US dollar. u gancna pounds per Us dollar. /iTanzanian pounds per US dollar. 7: 969 conversion factor Dlalasi (- S Gsambian pounds) per US dollar. Im From 1963 11now markka= 100 old ma-rkkaa !r From 196a7 XAli francs per US- dollar. in terms ok the Cordoba oro which haa a fixed gold Cordoba oro per US dollar. (The values.used in trade statistics are expressed It in Nicaragua) parity and which differs in value from the ordinary Cordoba used domestically It Prom. January, 1970 new peso (- 100 old peso) was introduced. Bolivianaos per US dollar. 'vFromJune 1962 won (- 10 hwan) was introduced. Statistics, various issues. Sour-.Es:UN, Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, and IMF, International Financial Table 8

Manufcturd&-ortaat5 of i4erchandiae Ellroorts;1960 and 21965.1972 (~UNCTAI) Tlotal A, basic data at currant. prices, f.o.b.)

/a197 2 1971- 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /c Afghanistan G129s.Bo 24.10 8.92 7.50 8.28 12.56 13.34 15.65

Algeria 5 3 . 21.71 18.32 15.94 13.28 26.67 24.60 59.02 Angola 5 3 3.70 2.00 5.90 7.47 6.61 7.66 6.70 5.93 Argentina S 1 *. 22.1,0. 21.81 21.53 15.52 11.56 9.48 9.99 Australia G 1 23.00O 24,.90 22.55 23.84 20.07 21.92 19.01 14.67 Auscria S 1 90.90 90.70 90.20 90.30 89.59 88.34 88.55 87.91 69.60 Belgium-Luxembourg S 1 81.90 81.60 79.140 80.44 80.00 79.70 80.09 80.31 78.47 Bolivia S 3 . . 1.13 1.12 1.46 1.44 . 1.75 Brazil Si 1 26.00 26.1:3 20.80 17.38 16.45 17.74 14.37 14.86 10.98 Burma G 1 12.72 9.80 12.10 9.70 7.30 8.63 6.73 4.27

Cambodia (Khr Rep.) S 1 . S..40 2.81 2.74 3.59 4.09 2.24 Cameroon S 1 28.10 2g:60 29.36 27.99 23.55 23.49 29.10 27.81 Canada G 1 66.20 66.1,0 66.50 69.96 65.42 63.08 58.38 55.46 50.83 Central African Republic S 1 7.00 3.90 6.96 2.94 3.46 2.22 3.07 5.21 CJhad S 1 2.12 2.71 1.19 1.77 0.84 2.42 2.12 1.43

Chile S 1 ... 6.50 6.26 5.98 5.94 9.27 14.54 9.99 China, Republic of 5 1 - -79.26 74.40 68.74 61.31 54.13 13.69 Colombia S 1 13.42 8.60 lo.50 10.65 8.40 9.18 7.19 1.43 Costa Rica S 2 24.12 21.10 20.11 20.11 15.94 16.78 15.14 4.80 Dahomey S 1 7.70 lIi.L,0 9.94 10.79 11.15 14.65 6.47 4.53La

Denmark G 1 71.00 71.20 71.10 69.51 66.99 65.69 63.08 60.35 55.99 Dominican Republic C 2 6.40 4,.30 3.,,i 3.75 3.21 3.61 4.81 6.01 Ecuador G 2 . .. 1.41 1.14 1.05 1.18 1.39 1.79 Egypt S 1 29.10' 22.70 28.10 27.64 29.90 22.26 21.53 12.79 El Salvador 5 2 34.78 31.10 34.55 34.00 30.56 25.25 18.48 10.06

Ethiopia G 1 3.70 3.20 2.39 2.60 2.27 1.48 1.31 2.85 Finland C 1 91.30 90.80 91.10 91.13 91.60 90.71 90.08 90.55 85.08 France 5 1 79.60 79.90 80.50 77.51 77.40 77.87 76.49 77.17 77.55 Germany, Fed. Rep. of 5 1 89.90 90.00o 90.00 90.40 89.43 89.41 89.02 88.96 88.97 Ghana G I 21.1±0 18.70 28.84 23.51 22.45 16.11 13.98 6.77

Greece 5 1 58.10 52.00 5h.h0 49.79 39.30 32.69 33.86 33.87 13.39 Guatemala G 2 34.0.4 33.50 31.00 27.76 24.28 19.13 15.24 6.76 Guinea G 3 - - - - 1.60 2.14 1.37 Honduras 5 2 14.42 17.1±0 17.56 16.22 15.35 12.81 11.79 12.48 Hong Kong G 1 96.30 88.80 88.20 88.60 89.24 88.26 86.15 85.71 84.27

India G 1 53.80 1±9.60 51.82 49.40' 46.17 45.52 *46.39 43.71 Indonesia 5 1 3.00 2.10 19.65 ... 17.94 5.30 2,23 0.70 Iran 5 1 5.70 1±.70 L.70 ... 3.95 4.35 5.09 5.62 Iraq 5 3 1.99 3.30 2.59 2.50 4.02 2.99 2.60 2.00 Ireland G 1 47.30 44.20 4±8.30 44.67 44.28 39.31 40.90 39.84 35.54

Iarsael 5 1 41.10 Ws.30 441±00 40.40 39.45 36.50 34.48 33.52 36.01 Italy 5 1 85.30 86.90 87.20 86.63 85.85 84. T7 83.70 82.81 78.09 Ivory Coast 5 1 16.80 17.80 16.90 15.85 16.20 13.67 13.74 2.46 Jamaica G 2 12.50 11.65 8.73 13.79 13.59 14.51 13.33 13.85 11,81 Japan G 1 96.90 p6.30 95.70 96.01 97.18 96.59 95.85 95.67 84.08

Jordan 5 1 4±3.50 38.10 . . 16.01 17.90 17.50 10.39 Kenya.. G 1 18.20 20.60 18.50 16.08 16.65 16.33 16.36 15.92 18.69/d Korea, Rep, of 5 1 83.30 78.140 76.20 74.41 68.06 62.3i- 60.52 15.13 Lebanon 5 1 62.79 61.50 59.68 51.70 43.04 19.18 18.31 16.76 Liberia 5 1 2.30 2.00 2.00 0.28 0.09 0.28 0.65 . 0.12

Libya, Arab Rep.of G 1 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.51 Malagasy Republic S 1 13.20 12.00 14.25 10.16 12.52 10.79 10.05 9.93 Malawi G 1 2.30 2.57 2.90 2.96 2.22 1.33 1.25 1.20 .. Malaystia G 1 18.00 16.oo 13.13 13.81 12.10 10.46 9.62 6.41 Mali 5 1 9.50 10.140 1.74 2.73 2.89 1.63 2.67 3.45/d

Mexico G 1 40.83 33.90 25.13 20.58 19,38 19.90 17.36 14.51 Morocco 5 1 29.19 22.80 21.97 21.41 21.53 20.41 18.07 20.24 Mozambique 5 3 . i 5.50 7.66 6.23 6.75 6.97 7.96 1.42 Netherlands 5 1 65.20 61±.50 64,.10 65.96 65.27 65.32 65.91 63.00 55.86 New Zealand G 1 12.80 13.30 10.63 10.59 8.65 7.06 6.65 6.21 415 - Table 8 \Cont'd)

197 2 1971 1970 169 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 aG 19.47 0.lO 14.83 11.40 10.54 9.85 8.27 Niger S 1 3.50 4+.07 2.70 3.15 2.40 1.09 2.18 Nigeria G 2.32 0.71/d l.4O 2.70 1.49 1.84 1.69 1.83 Norway G 1 80 i.70 1.73 7k 74.hO 75.64 75.03 73.46 72.64 Pakista-rG 1 55.15 ~ 5.09 59.20 72.27 66.91 56.35 50.63 46.56 45.12 36.1( 22.43 Panama S 2 2.03 1.60 2.61 2.07 1.18 0.93 Papua New Guinea G 2 5.82 0.75 0.53 1.70 1.47 0.89 1.18 1.22 7.51 3.98 Paraguay Si 3 ... 4o039 7.18 7.83 7.16 9.09 8.01 14.67 Peru S 3 , ... 31.77 30.43 30.77 31.36 30.82 28.97 Philippines G 1 10.20 11.20 ... 13.82 13.95 11.42 11.46 4.72 Portugal s 1 83.83 81.27 81.70 79.55 81.20 80.11 Rhodesia 79.01 78.77 77.60 G . Saudi Arabia ...... 34.59 6.30/e Sal S 3 ... .O 5 1 33.L7 26.'6 00 0.00 0.000 0,0 0.00 25.06 15.76 10.04 10.33 8.58 7.10 Sierra Leone G 1 J.C U.U 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.12 Singapore G 1 43.60 37.20 33.64k 28.03 28.05 29.49 32.73 35.54 21.84 Somalia S 1 12.23 o.1L4 5.53 3.06 2.68 7.01 7.69 10.17/d South Africa G 1 lhu.l0 40.98 28.05 25.95 26.33 26.94 26.08 27.29 Spain S 1 75.36 70.63 6)..89 62.29 56.53 51.14 48.19 52.04 36.03 Sri Lanka G 1 2.39 1.51 1.99 1.02 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.69 Sudan S 1 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.14 Sweden 0.13 0.08 0.17 0.23 G 1 90.17 77.68 76.77 88.27 87.98 Switzerland 88.28 87.20 86.71 84.69 S 1 94.31 94.50 94j.18 93.91 94.11 94.13 Syria, Arab Rep. 94.33 94.04 93.31 of S 1 15.00 13.50 12.82 12.16 13.66 Tanzania G 1 5.60 6.36 6.04 15.17 10.16 10.47 7.93 7.15 6.79 7.36 6.78 6.41 7.84/d Thailand G 1 15-59 15.22 11.68 9.17 6.98 Togo S 1 i7.30 5.67 5.46 8.33 l4.41 5.42 8.27 7.48 3.95 4.87 5.62 Tunisia S 1 21.78 23.27 30.25 28.64 30.26 34.98 27.10 29.39 33.36 Turkey S 1 18.93 15.60 12.28 10.19 8.15 8.14 8.85 12.02 U.'anda G 1 0.33 0.37 0.34 0.82 0.87 0.67 0.48 0.72 0.77/d U-nited Kingdom Si 1 87,62 89.39 87.83 88.04 87.27 86.57 86.73 United States Si 1 86.54 85.53 72.12 7)4.90 73.81 75.99 73.24 71.20 69.36 Upper Volta S 1 6.77 68.64 66.66 4.95 4.52 5.08 5.33 .5.94 5.12 0.66 Lruguay S 3 10.44 25.25 4.74 7.94 5.05 6.12 7.11 6.24 Venezuela G 2 1.69 1.12 1.52 0.82 1.37 0.74 0.30 0.02 Viet Nan, Rep. of S 1 ... 6.6h 2.99 3.19 Yugoslavia 1.78 1.23 1.20 1.30 S 1 76.49 77.3)4 75.52 74.41 74.61 69.89 Zaire S 1 71.92 71.67 55.32 0.57 ... 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.84 Zambia G 1... 2.79 14-9 0.50 0.86 0.26 0.23 0.41 0.00

... Not available. - Not listed in the source material. a G - General trade; S - Special trade; Si - Exports of national produce only. to 1 - Reevised SITC: 2 - Original SITC; 3 - Other classification. La In 1960, data with SITC codes were not available for the following Bolivia, countries: Algeria,Angola, Cambodia, Chile, China, Ethiopia, Guinea, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Uruguay, Viet Nan, and Zaire. Venezuela, d 1961. e Including Malawi. , 972 figure excludes Bangladesh. Notes: 1) Figures for 1970 - 1972 may not be strictly comparable with those of earlier years. For details, please see the text. 2) Footnotes /a and /b are relevant for figures of 1960 to 1969 only. Sources: United Nations: Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, varioLs issues. 1970 - 1972 data are based on unpublished latest computer output supplied by U.N. Statistical Office, New York. IBRD: Economic Trends and Prospects in the Republic of Guinea. Table 51, September 1, 1967. Table 9 /1

Semi-manufactured Exoorts as 7. of Merchandi-se Exports, 1960 and 1965..1972 (UNCTAD (Total B- Total A), basic data at current prices f.o.b.)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 Ic Ia lb Afghanistan G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Algeria S 3 ... 1.32 1.34 2.37 3.52 1.72 2.11 Angola 0.01 S 3 2.20 1.90 1.07 2.35 2.48 2.02 2.19 1.43 Argentinia S 1 .. 0.50 0.45 0.94 0.62 0.89 0.64 0.15 Australia G 1 8.20O 6.20 5.88 5.91 5.53 4.99 5.08 8.41 Austria S 1 2.30 2.60 3.30 2.34 3.78 3.97 4.30 4.12 22.16 Belgium-Luxembourg 5 1 5.70 6.19 8.20 8.21 8.26 7.81 8.12 7.39 7.83 Bolivia 5 3 .*.. 0.05 0.22 2.28 2.65 *.3.67 Brazil Si 1 0.60 0.16 0.60, 0.31 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 Burma 0.29 G 1 3.19 1.76 5.60 3.57 2.59 3.49 .36 1.76 Cambodia (Khmer Rep.) s 1 . ... 0.110 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.00 Cameroon S 1 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.07 Canada 0.02 G 1 5.20 41.70 6.00 4.69 5.63 5.96 5.49 6.65 10.69 Central African Republic 5 1 0.00 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.43 0.18 0.83 Chad 0:12 5 1 .3.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.49 0.64 3.55 3.03 Chile 5 I. 77..40 76.44 76.23 76.71 66.77 59.10 China, Republic of 68.88 5 1 - - 0.79 0.73 0.79 0.65 0.27 0.01 Colombia 5 1 3.85 2.50 41.20 3.45 3.06 1.92 1.64 1.74 Costa Rica 5 2 0.82 0.1* 0.09 1.52 1.27 1.28 0.78 0.00 Dahomey 5 1 0.00 .0.00 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.14 0.10/d Denmark G 1 2.10 2.20 240 2.20 1.75 1.63 1.89 1.59 Dominican Re~ublic 0.99 G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ecuador G 2 . ... 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Egypt 5 1 0.20, 0.10 0.69 1.70 2.97 3.54 4.08 2.82 El Salvador 5 2 0.114 0.50 1.41 1.78 2.04 1.60 2.03 0.13 Ethiopia G 1 1.6o 1.20 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.0.1 0.01 Fiilland 0.00 G 1 1.70 1.70 2.30 1.65 1.20 1.71 1.74 0.81 France 1.27 S 1 1.70, 1.80 1.60 2.88 3.44 3.78 4.27 3.31 Germany, 4.17 Fed. Rep, of 5 1 7,80 1.50 1.5.0 1.92 2.46 2.39 2.65 2.22 Ghana *2.27 G 1. 0.80 0.20 0.68 0.56 0.71 0.52 1.02 0.01 Greece S 1 2.90 3.00 2.70 2.41 2.45 . 1.45 0.86 0.05 Guatemala 0.50 G 2 0.00 O.00.00 0.04 0.72 0.56, 0,01 0.00 Guinea G 3 - - - - - 0.01 0.01 0.01 Honduras S 2 1.Y2 41.20 3.42 2.05 0.32 0.31 0.38 1.02 Hong Kong G 1 0.00 .0.20 0.20 0.42 0.67 0.59 0.70 0.85 1.67 India G 1 0.140 0.50 0.81 0.93 0.64 0.93 0.87 Indonesia 2.73 s 1 41.80 11.2U 7.67 ... 7.49 8.87 13.95 16.45 Tram 5 1 11.00 . 12.00 14-40 ... 12.32 20.13 18.64 33.90 Iraq 5 3 0.35 0.30 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Ireland G 1. 0.50 0.80 0.140 1.32 1.08 2.13 0.74 1.49 2.61 Israel 5 1 1.00 1.110 2.10 2.10 1.88 1.98 2.45 4.35 Italy 0.74 S 1 4.30 5.30 11.90 5.28 6.09 6.24 6.04 5.66 6.48 Ivory Coast . 1 0.70 0.90 1.14 1.68 1.37 0.23 0.08 0.01 jamaica G 2 2.70 2.56 0.00 2.82 3.01 2.75 4.79 4.54 0.86 Japan G 1 0.10 0.10 0.110 0.64 0.27 0.54 0.55 0.63 10.06 Jordan 5 1 0.90 2.70 . . 6.11 3.22 4.33 Kenya 0.00 G 1 12.50 15.110 11.70 12.39 11.05 13.92 11.02 12.04 :oa,Rep, 1.45/d of S 1 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.23 0.26 0.6 1 1.43 Lebanon 0.01- 5 1 'J.UY 0.30 0.22 0.33 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01 Liberia s 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .. 0.00 Libya, Arab Rep, of G 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Malagasy Republic s 1 3.60 3.90 3.58 3.45 3.83 0.70 0.02 0.02 Malawi G 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 Iaayia 0.00.. G 1 23.80 2,5.110 24.25 27.20 27.07 26.54 29.28 17.64 Mali S 1 0.20 0.20 1.06 0.14 0.20 0.04 0.37 0.04/d

Mexico G 1 8.17 10.90 9.65 11.65 10.21 9.70 M1orocco 8.53 13.10 s 1 0.80 0.110 1.17 1.61 0.93 0.89 0.79 1.15 Mozambique S. 3 .. 7.50 6.99 7.37 10.52 8.60 Netherlands 7.85 0.00 s 1 6.90 8.30 7.80 6.93 6.85 7.07 6.90 8.23 11 .27 New Zealand G 1 0.90 0.70 0.94 0.98 0.88 0.89 0.48 0.02 - 47 - Table 9 (Cont'd)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /a /b Nicaragua G 2 3.00 0.00 0.22 G019 0.15 0.18 0.16 3.68 Niger S I 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.13 0.00/d Nigeria G 1 2.00 3.80 4.38 6.91 6.06 5.94 5.68 0.08 Norway G 1 8.20 9.10 8.43 8.19 6.10 7.37 7.78 8.16 Pakistan /f G 1 1.)6 1.l43 0.90 1.28 1.28 0.61 0.56 0.95 0.00

Panama S 2 21.86 20.10 20.43 19.61 24.73 29.27 30.38 0.00 PapuaNew Guinea G 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Paraguay Si 3 ... 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Peru S 3 ...... 3.92 25.93 24.00 22.55 18.63 0.01 Philippines G 1 2.60 1.80 ... 1.34 0.59 0.35 0.48 0.00

Portugal S 1 1.72 2.18 2. 34 1.38 1.45 1.75 2.10 1.78 4.44 Rlodesia G 1 ...... 7.80 61.411e Saudi Arabia S 3 ... 6.32 8.89 19.26 17.84 13.93 15.91 17.12 Senegal S 1 6.00 3.11 3.01 0.19 0.16 0.53 0.05 0.13 Sierra Leone G 1 3.03 2.32 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Singapore G 1 24.41 25.53 23.11 19.90 21.26 19.92 17.96 14.76 13.63 Somalia S 1 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.49 0.2h 0.28 0.08 0.00/d South Africa G 1 12.29 12.99 12.84 13.47 13:98 11.84 9.39 6.24 6 Spain S 1 3.63 4. 3 5.87 7.05 11.34 8.74 6.89 6.02 14.58 Sri Lanka G 1 0.00 0.00 0.G0 0.00 0:00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sudan S 1 0.79 0.36 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Sweden G 1 1.33 1.14 1.39 2.35 2.48 1.98 1.93 1.36 1.11 Switzerland S 1 1.20 0.57 0.39 1.08 1.10 1.04 1.08 0.96 0.81 Syria, Arab Rep. of S 1 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.23 0.47 0.49 0.98 0.05 Tanzania G 1 10.64 8.26 6.64 6.32 10.28 8.62 0.31 0.01 0.00/d

Thailand G 1 9.94 11.6h 11.86 11.65 13.87 9.71 3.48 0.00 Togo S 1 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 Tunisia S 1 2.60. 2.54 6.08 4.39 4.68 3.19 3.10 3.98 3.22 Turkey S 1 0.69 1.50 1.73 3.02 3.26 5.94 4.93 3.50 Uganda G 1 6.07 7.87 8.12 8.62 8.52 8.46 8.73 12.75 7.55/d

United Kingdom Si 1 3.86 3.87 1.43 5.04 5.40 5.00 4.53 4.45 4.61 United States Si 1 1.84 1.83 2.18 1.95 2.21 2.37 2.55 2.65 3.75 Upper Volta S 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.00 Uruguay S 3 O.00 0.LW 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Venezuela C 2 28.44 28-30 25.88 26.85 26.89 27.93 27.88 . 23.19

Viet Nam, Rep. of S 1 ... 10.13 10.89 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 Yugoslavia 5 1 5.88 5.I5 5-24 4.35 2.98 3.30 3.43 3.21 9.76 Zaire S- 1 ... 74.91 ... 75.93 69.12 69.08 64.54 35.3] Zambia G 1 ... 84.30 98.42 97.27 96.05 97.47 96.06 O.UU

/1 Notes/footnotes/sources given in Table 8 are also applicable to this table -48

Manufactured and Semi-manufactured Exortsas % fMrhnie xot,16 and- 96g-1972 (UNUCADj Total B, basic data at current prices9, f.o.b.)

/a Lb 1972 U _ 1970 - 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1960 /c Afghanistan G 2 .L9.P0 24.10 8.92 7.50 8.28 12.56 13.34 15.65 Algeria S 3 23.03 19.66 18.31 16.80 28.39 2.1 59.03 Angola S 3 5:90 3.90 6.97 9.82 9.09 9.68 8.89 7.36 Argentina S 1 ... 22.90 22.26 22.47 16.14 12.45 10.12 10.14 Australia G 1 31.20 31.10 28.43 29.75 25.60 26.91 24.09 23.08

Austria S 1 93.20 93.30 93.50 92.64 93.37 92.31 92.85 92.03 91.76 Belgium-Lu,xerbourg S 1 87.60 87.76 87.60 &8.65 88.26 87.51 88.21 87.89 86.30 Bolivia S 3 .. .. 1.18 1.34 3.74 4.09 11.79 5.42 Brazil Si I 26.60 26.59 21,40 17.69 16.49 17.79 14.37 14.87 11.27 Burma G 1 15..91 11.51 17.70 13.27 9.89 12.12 9.39 6.03

Cambodia (Khmer Rep.) S 1 . ... 3.80 2.82 2.75 3.64 4.13 2.24 Cameroon S 1 28.10 26.60 29.39 28.00 23,58 23.52 29.17 27.83 Canada G 1 71.40 71.10 72.50 74.65 71.05 69.04 63.87 62.11 61.52 Central African Rtepublic S 1 7.00 4.10 7.26 3.19 3.89 2.40 3.90 5.33 Chad S 1 2.12 2.71 1.21 1.77 1.33 3.06 5.67 4.46

Chile 5 1 .. 83.90 82.70 82.21 82.65 76.04 73.64 78.87 China, Republic Of 5 1 .- - 80.05 75.13 59.53 61.96 54.40 13.70 Colombia 5 1 17.27 11.10 14.70 14.10 11.46 11.10 8.63 3.17 Costa Rica S 2 24.94 21.50 20.20 21.63 17.21 18.06 15.92 4.80 Dahomey 5 1 7.70 13.40 10.02 10.87 11.22 14.87 6.61 4.63 /d

Denmark G 1 73.10 73.40 73.50 71.71 68.74 67.32 64.97 61.94 56.98 Dominican Republic G 2 6.40 4.30 3.9 3.76 3.22 3.61 4.81 6.01 Ecuador G 2 . .. 1.42 1.14 1.05 1.18 1.39 1.80 Egypt 5 1 29.3'0 22.80 28.79 29.34 32.87 25.80 25.61 15.61 El Salvador 5 2 35.22 31.60 35.96 35.78 32.60 26.85 20.51 10.19

Ethiopia G 1 5.30 4.40 3.30 2.61 2.28 1.49 1.32 2.85 FiJnland G 1 93.00 92.50 93.40 92.78 92.80 92.42 91.82 91.36 86.35 France 5 1 81.30 81.74 81.70 80.39 80.84 81.65 80.76 80.48 81.72 Germany, Fed. Rep. of 5 1 97.70 91.50 91.50 92.32 91.89 91.80 91.67 9J.18 91.24 Ghana G 1 22.20 18.90 29.52 24.07 23.16 16.63 15.00 6.78

Greece 5 1 61.00 55.00 57.20 52.20 41.75 34.14 34.72 33.92 13.89 Guatemala G 2 34.04 33.50 31.00 .27.80 25.00 19.69 15.25 6.76 Guinea G 3 - - - - - 1.61 2.15 1.38 Honduras 5 2 .16.34 21.60 20.983 18.27 15.67 13.12 12.17 13.50 Hong Kong G 1 96.30 89.00 88.40 89.02 89.91 88.85 86.85 86.56 85.94.

India G I 54,20 50.10 52.63 50.33 46.81 46.45 47.26 46.44 Indonesia 5 1 .7.86 6.30 27.32 ... 25.43 _'4.17 16.18 17.15 Iran 5 1 16.70 16.70 19.10 . 16.27' 24.48 23.73 39.52 Iraq S J 2.34 3.50 2.60 2.50 4.03 3.00 2.60 2.00 Ireland G 1 47.80 45.00 48.70 45.99 45.36 41.44 41.64 41.33 38.15

Israel 5 1 42.10 45.70 46.10 42.50 41.33 38.48 36.93 37.87 36.80 Italy 5 1 89.60 92.20 9?.10 91.91 91.94 90.51 89.74 88.61 84.57 Ivory Coast 5 1 .17.50 18.70 18.04 17.53 17.57 .13.90 13.82 2.47 Jamaica G 2 15.20 1.4.21 8.73 16.61 16.60 17.26 18.12 18.39 12.67 Japan G 41 97.00 96.40 96.10 96.65 97.45 97.13 96.40 96.30 94.14

Jordan 5 1 ~4h40 40.8o ... .. 22.12 21.12 21,83 10.39 Kenya G 1 30.70 36 .00 30.20 28.47 27.70 30.25 27.38 27.96 20.14 /d Korea, Rep. of 5 1 83.90 78.90 76.60 74.64 68.32 62.97 61.95 15.14 Lebanon 5 11 62.88 61.80 59.90 52.03 43.21 19.18 18.31 16.77 Liberia 5 1 2.30 2.00 2.00 0.28 0.09 0.28 0.65 . 0.12

Libya, Arab Rep~ of G 1 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.51 Malagasy Republic 5 1 16.80 15.90 17.83 13.61 16.35 11.49 10.07 9.95 Malawi G 1 2.30 2.57 2.90 3.02 2,24 1.34 1.25 1.20 Malaysia G 1 41.8o 41.40 37.38 41.01 39.17 37.00 38.90 24.05 Mali S 1 9.70 10.60 2.80 2.87 3.09 1.67 3.04 3.49/d~ Mexico G 1 49.00' 44.80 34.78 32.23 29.59 29.60 25.89 27.61 Morocco S 1 29.79 23.20 23.14 23.02 22.46 21.30 18.86 21.39 Mozambique 5 3 .... 23.00 14.65 13.60 17.27 15.57 15.81 1.42 Netherlands . 1 72.10 72.80 72.20 72.89 72.12 72.39 72.81 71.23 67.13 Mew Zealand G 1 13.70 14.00 11.59 11,57 9.53 7.95 7.14 6.23 Tab!a 'O(cont'd)

1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 /a Lb 1965 1960 /c Nicaragua c 2 19.47 20.10 15.05 11.59 10.69 10.03 8.43 7.75 Niger S 1 3.50 2.70 3.36 2.46 1.23 2.18 2.45 0.71/d Nigeria G 1 3.40 6.50 5.87 8.75 7.7' 7.77 7.38 1.81 Norway G 1 82.70 83.50 84.07 83.22 79.56 80.01 80.05 75.07 Pakistan/f G 1 56.51 56.52 60.10 57.63 51.91 47.17 45.68 37.05 22.43 Panama S 2 23.89 21.70 23.04 21,68 25.91 30.20 31.13 0.53 Papua New Guinea G 2 5.82 1.70 1.47 0.89 1.18 1.22 7.51 3.99 Paraguay Si 3 ... )so.55 7.18 7.83 7.16 9.09 8.01 14.67 Peru S 3 . . 35.69 56.36 54.77 53.91 49.45 28.98 Philippines G 1 12.80 13.00 15.16 14.54 11.77 11.94 4.72 Portugal S 1 85.55 83.45 84.04 80.93 82.65 81.86 81.11 80.55 82.04 Rhodesia G 1 ...... 42.39 67.71/e Saudi Arabia S 3 6.32 8.89 19.26 17.84 13.93 15.91 17.12 Senegal S 1 39.47 29.58 28.07 15.95 10.20 10.86 8.63 7.23 Sierra Leone G 1, 3.03 2.32 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.12 Singapore G 1 68.01 62.74 5j. 47.93 49.31 49.41 50.69 50.30 35.47 Somalia S 1 12.23 * 5.54 3.55 2.96 7.29 7.77 10.17/d South Africa G 1 52.39 53.94 40.89 39.42 40.31 38.78 35.47 33.53 Soain S 1 78.99 75.26 70.76 69.34 67.87 59.88 55.08 58.06 50.61 Sri Lanka G 1 2.39 1.51 1.99 1.02 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.69 Sudan S 1' 0.79 0.36 0.35 0.15 0.13 0.08 0.18 0.23 Sweden G 1 91.50 78.82 78.16 90.62 90.46 90.26 89.13 88.07 85.80 Switzerland S 1 95.51 95.08 94.57 94.99 95.21 95.17 95.41 95.06 94.12 Syria, Arab Rep. of S 1 15.07 13.60 12.97 12.22 13.8Q 15.64 10.65 11.45 7.98 Tanzania G 1 16.24 14.62 12.68 13.47 17.07 15.98 7.09 6.42 7.84/d Thailand G 1 25.53 26.86 23.54 20.82 20.85 15.38 8.94 8.33 Togo S 1 17.30 4.1,1 5.50 8.28 7.50 3.99 4.89 5.62 Tunisia S 1 24.38 25.71 36-33 33.03 34.94 38.17 30.20 33.37 36.58 Turkey S 1 19.63 17.09. 14.01 13.21 11.41 14.08 13.78 15.52 Uganda G 1 6.40 8.24s 8.46 9.44 9.39 9.13 9.21 13.47 8.32/d United Kingdom Si 1 91.48 93.26 92.26 93.08 92.67 91.57 91.26 90.99 90.14 United States Si 1 73.96 76.74 75.99 77.94 75.45 73.57 71.91 71.29 70.41 Upper Volta S 1 6.77 Is.95 4.52 5.10 5.35 6.02 5.13 0.66 Uruguay S 3 10.44 25.25 4.74 7.94 5.05 6.12 7.1.1 6.24 Venezuela G 2 30.13 29.142 27.40 27.67 28.26 28.67 28.18 23.21 Viet Nam, Rep. of S 1 16-77 13.88 3.20 1.78 1.23 1.21 1.31 Yugoslavia S 1 82.37 82.79 80.76 78.76 77.59 73.19 75.35 74.88 65.08 Zaire S 1 ... 75.48 , 76.91 70.13 70.11 66.38 38.10 Za.-bia G 1 ... 98.79 98.92 98.13 96.31 97.70 96,47 0,00

1/ Noces/footnotes/sources given in Table 8 are also applicable to this table. Table 1.1: VALL'EAND GROWTHRAE OF MANUFACTUREDEXPORTS, 1960. 1965 and 1970-72

(Tatal A at Curent if.o.b.prices in Million UI.S. Dlollars) Annual Growth Rates(%

EAST AFRICA 1960 1965 1970. 1971 1972 1960-65 1960-70 1965-72

Ethiopia 0.00 1.49 3.75 4.518 - K(enya l8.41 /c 20.96 37.10 42.18 46.16 3.3 8.1 11.9 Malagasy Republic 7.44 '9.22 17.40 19.40 4.3 8.9 Malawi - 0.46 1.38 1.53 1.61 - - 19.6 Reunion 4.75 6.72 4.69 5.69 9.16 5.1 -0.2 4.5

Rwanda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 - - Somalia 2.68 LL 2.07 2.65 4.22 -6.3 -0.1 Sudan 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00-- Tanzania 10.h41" 11:08 14.29 '15.45 15.90 1.6 3.6 5.3 Uganda 0.81La 1.27 0.82 0.86 0.85 10.9 .0.0 -5.5

Zaire 0.00 6.18 4.19 Zambia -2.27 14.10J. _____ TOTAL ;tm 619 230.37 93±.91 6___8 J.27.9...

WEST AFRICA

Cameroon 26.99 34.59 60.18 57.82 5.1 8.4 Central Afr. Republic 0.73 0.81 1.20 2.26 2.1 1 Chad 0.19 0.58 0.67 0.56 25.0 13.4 Congo 2.18 4.12 7.37 12.13 13.6 13.0 Dahomey 0.66/a 0.88 4.39 3.23 7.5 23.4

Gabon 7.46 26.36 1-1.72 13.96 29.0 4.6 Ghana 19.61 40.68 81.00 71.12 15.7 15.2 ivory Coaat 3.74 38.10 83.22 76.29 60.0 36.4 Liberia 0.10 - 4.34 4.43 5.59 -43.8 Mali 0.I49Lc 0.42 3.76 3.43 ..3.8 25e.0

Mauritania - 0.57 1.20 1.90 - - Niger 0.11 L! 0:59 0.85 1.33 53.0 25.5 Nigeria 8.03 .12.55 33.10 25.90 9.4 15.2 Senegal 8.02 11.04 42.50 41.80 6.6 18.1 Sierra Leone 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - Togo 0.82 1.32 2.41 9.76 10,0 11.4 Upper Volta 0.03 0.31 0.90 1.07 88.0 40.5 TOTAL 79.25 J7.7j1 ,388 16.9 15.6

ASIA

Burma 9.54 15.08 10.68 1i,.80 9.6 1,2 China, Rep, of/a 20.50 243.67 831.93 65.0 51.0 Fiji 0.22 0.76 6.78 7.28 28.0 41.0 Hong Kong 58.4 979.li9 2,216.32 2,548.63 2,630.72 11.0 14.4 1. India 581.35 .781.01 997.80 1,095.93 6.1 5.5

Indonesia 5.88 15.75 22.08 36.03 22.0 1. vKorea,Rep, of 4.97 105.96 645.70 889.20 84.9 62.5 Malaysia, Wear 61.33 97.5C, 219.50 230.62 9.8 13.6 Pakistan/b 88.50 190.72 428.00 366.9,0 384.95 16.6 ,17.1 Papua-Ne;"Guinea 3.95 3.55 4.32 51.00 -2.2 0.9

Philippines 26.40 91.01 119.10 114.00 28,0 16.3 Singapore 248.17 348.73 522.80 652.90 950.90 7,0 7.8 15.4 Sri-Lanka 2.61 2.93 5.06 7.76 2.4 6,8 Thailand 33.28 33.22 108.10 129.50 -0.03 12.5 Vietnam Rep. 1.12 0.43 0.57 ____ ,, -6.5 TOTAL 2998. 6.139.TL 6.09.9 .... U.1i....13±.9

EMENA

Afghanistan, 7.81 9.34 27.77 19.74 3.7 13.6 Algeria 232.67 156.80 21a.96 -7.5 -0.6 Cyprus 3.73 9.33 14.52 18.87 25.56 20.0 14.6 15.5 Egypt 70.05 129.19 218.51 229,99 13.0 12.1 Finland 841.49 1,292.11 2,100.99 2,139.72 2,689.23 9.0 9.6 11.0

Greece 27.21 111.04 349.93 344.81 506.27 32.0 29.1 24.0 Iceland 0.87 2.62 25.92 18.83 43.08 25.0 40.4 4~9.0 Iran 45.89 66.39 115.57 152.46 7.6 9.7 Iraq 12.94 22.71 33.18 30.45 11.9 9.9 Ireland 147.16 239.77 482.32 566.87 747.51 10.3 12.6 17.6 Iarsael. 77.48 144.00 341.08 424.92 472.48 13.2 16.0 18,5 Jordan 1.14 th.86 13.00 13.92 31L,0 27.8 Lebanon 6.77 15.63 121.70 160.76 18.2 33.5

Malta 0.90 12.97 21.20 33.65 49.52 70,6 37.2 21.0 Morocco 71.69 77.74 111.40 145.68 1.6 4,5 Portugal 253.92 454.00 775.51 855.50 1,084.63 12.3 11.8 13.3 Spain 261.63 503.11 1,549.00 2,075.00 2,866.10 14.0 19.5 28.0 Syria 7,39 17.57 25.90 26.17 43.10 18.9 13.4 13.7

Tunisia 39.93 35.23 55.20 50.23 67.70 -2.5 4.6 9.8 Turkey 38.56 41.06 91.80 128.10 1.2 9.1 Yemen, P.D.R./a - 6.86 8.70 Yugoslavia 313.25 782.34 1,6.0 1.420.00 1,711.18 2. 501. TTL2.462.48 4 3.7 7.16I 2:-0.9 -501.

Table 11 continued . - , 1 -

Tac:c 11. continued)

(Total A at current f.o.b. prices ii Million U.S. Dollars) Annuai Growth Rates (S)

1960 1965 1970 1971 1972 1960-65 1960-70 1965-72

LATIN AMERICA& CARIBBEAN

Argpnitina 107.90 141.70 397.54 5.6 14.0 Bahamas - - 42.15 49.07 67.78 - - BoUlvi.L 1,1.6 1.26 2.23 1.7 7.5 Brazil 139.36. 237.19 570.50 758.91 1,036 91 11.2 15.2 23.0 Chile 49.00 100.06 79.77 15.4 5.0

Colombia 6.68 38.77 62.10 92.L6 42.0 25.0 Costa Rica 4.12 16.93 48.71 314.36 33.0 28.2 Dominican Rep. 10.45 5.98 9.11 .12.(-3 -11.8 - 5.6 Ecuadorha 2.60 2.48 2.59 - 1.0 - 0.0 El Sallvador 11.76 34.88 71.11 19.15 24.3 19.7

Fie-ch Guiana - - 41.08 47.23 57.67 - - Guatemala 7.88 28.49 97.33 96.37 29.3 28.6 Guyana 5 .23 4.22 ,0.34 9.10 - - 8.2 Honduras 7.73 14.85 29.48 26.36 14.0 14.3 Jamaica 18.45 29.06 29.10 19.02 46.24 9.5 4.7 6.9

Kartinique - 8.72 10.70 10.96 13.90 - - 6.9 L.XicU 110,86 194.17 408.30 539.19 11.9 13.9 Netherland Antilles - - 34.40 Nicaragua 2.28 11.87 35.20 J5.70 39.0 31.5 Panama 0.14 0.59 1.70 2.33 33.4 28.3 Parauay 3.96 4.59 13.668 3.8 -0.9 PeruT 127.57 205.68 27 s.9 10.0 8.9 Trinidad & Tobago 14.81 32.69 67.30 76.20 17.1 16.3 llruguay 8.08 13.61 58.75 . .l.8 11.0 22.0 Venezuela 0.63 8.11 35.80 q?.61 66.0 49.4 TOTAL 635.42 1.137.2L 2.417.ol- 2,OJL.O7 12.3 14.3 MMEC

Australia 142.40 565.00 1,151.59 1,1-4.90 32.0 23.0 Austria 779.82 1,406.61 2,576.08 2,873.88 3,529.86 12.5 12.7 14.1 Belgium/Luxewlsourg 2,962.72 5,137.35 9,218.21 10,107.55 13,137.17 11.6 12.0 14.4 Canada 2,827.819 4,497.63 10,762.97 11,739.30 13,364.51 9.7 14.3 16.8 Denmark 823.50 1,372.16 2,335.52 2,563.24 2,961.26 10.7 11.0 11.6

France 5,323.86 7,756.64 14,280.26 16,325.90 20,580.12 7.8 10.4 15.0 Germany, Fed. Rep. 10,156.30 15,918.60 30,763.01 35,1-S.23 41,549.89 9.4 11.7 14.7. Italy 2,849.12 5,952.35 11,513.31 13,138.53 15,830.75 15.9 15.0 15.0 Japan 3,397.26 8,086.48 18,494.80 23,138.20 27,692.60 18.9 18.5 19.2

Netherlands 2,250.24 4,028.26 7,571.!O 8,976.60 11,314.95 12.3 12.9, 15.9 New Zealand 52.99 65.14 159.80 170.60 4.2 11.7 Norway 589.36 1,043.09 1,828.50 1,8'91.80 12.1 12.0 Sweden 2,172.90 3,443.23 5,206.00 . 5,798.00 7,888.50 9.6 9.1 12.6 S.Itzerland 1,751.86 2,783.14 4,822.00 5,451.00 6,486.10 9.7 10.7 12.8 United Kingdom 8,513.71 11,446.43 16,996.00 19,98l.00 21,331.60 6i.1 7.2 9,3 United Staces 13,570.40 18,626,90 -31,437.00 32,577.00 35.324,00 6.5 8.8 -y.6 TOTAL 58,164.33 92.129.01 169,116.55 191,022.73 _9.6 11.3 CPECs

Czechoslovakia - 2,272.66 3,347.63 3,720.26 4,343.70 - . 9.7 CGrmany, Dem. Rep. - - 2,405.38 Nungary - 516.81 1,110.90 1,720.36 1,848.03 2,442.10 16.5 12.8 15.2 Romania - - 337.90 U.S.S.R, 3,214.12 4,036.60 5 124.00 4.7 4.8 TOTAL 3,730.93 7,420.16 12,935.27 5.56a:29 i1.7 13

ALLDEIVEL0PIM 0OUXTRr;s 4aio890.1 8,417.11 17,095.89 17,379.19 11.5 13.3 WORLDTOTAL 66,785.bo 107,966.28 199,1147.71 213,970,21 10.1 11.5

6OT1: Total figurus msaynot reulae to a dinil reforoace year. /a Latest data relate to 1969 and the growth rate to 1960-1969. 7i; 1972 figure excludes Bangladesh. 7c 1961.

Source: U.N. Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, various issues and unpublished data. - 52

1960 1971 Table 12: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitions, and (At current c.i.f. prices in million US$) 1960 1971 SITC SITC 5 to 8 Merchandise SITC SITC 5 to 8 McrciandiseC 5 to 8 minus 68 -Iorts Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 Imports Total A Total B

2,545.8 3,695.8 936.2 1,074.4 912.1 870.8 1,462.1 2,669.2 2,860.3 2,688.9 Brazil 698.7 844.0 443.6 457.8 426.9 419.3 518.6 748.5 760.5 721.5 Colombia/l b79.1 919.8 427.0 492.2 366.5 358.8 646.3 544-4 576.5 488.6 Egypt 1,671.8 1,523.3 1,495.8 2,092.0 Greece 533.6 548.9 507.6 499.2 702.0 1,584.1 1,453.6 1,593.7 1,526.5 1,371.0 2,405.8 India 1,354.5 1,533.2 1,407.5 1?309.6 2,355.4 1,101/.3 418.5 396.4 391.9 577.7 963.0 990.2 947.1 929.1 Indonesia 397.4 2,080.5 429.8 433.1 414.4 408.7 517.8 1,808.4 1,814.0 1,763.1 1,726.5 IranL2 434.9 407.2 402.3 514.8 Kenvaf3 137.3 157.9 134.5 132.8 193.0 419.4 1,420.6 1,316.5 1,296.8 2,394.1 Rep. of 176.6 176.6 169.2 166.7 329.1 1,402.2 Korea, 792.2 717.4 704.1 1,115.3 Malaysia, West/4 450.2 498.9 407.4 401.7 799.5 756.8 2 407.2 917.1 906.0 1,076.9 2,007.1 2.064.1 1,956.2 1,941.6 Mexico 939.3 955.5 1,510.5 527.1 472.9 469.8 604.5 1,339.3 1,350.8 1,317.3 1,302.1 Nigeria 495.6 613.2 925.9 410.9 473.3 406.8 391.8 641.8 640.0 664.4 628.6 PakistanL3 275.7 337.8 86.3 96.2 85.6 85.4 111.1 286.5 300.9 281.0 Tanzani,,S 923.3 872.9 840.3 1,088.2 Turkey 360.3 411.8 360.1 353.2 468.2 893.6 2,544.3 2,433.7 2,243.4 3,297.1 Yugosrla 585.8 593.7 574.7 555.4 826.3 2,389.3 439.6 455.4 402.0 399.8 533.0 Zaire& X 124.4 137.4 107.7 107.1 170-.8L

2/ 1970 instead of 1971 ?// 1963 instead of 1960 / 1961 instead of 1960

vL/ 1962 instead of 1960

a/ This figure excludes the imports of South Katanga and Kasai. If they are included the total will be $264.0 million for Which detailed SITC breakdowns are not available.

Note: Total A and Total B include SITC 711 and 735 for all countries.

Source: U.N. Year Book of International Trade Statistics, various issues. - 53 -

o Various Definitions Table 13: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries Accordin# as Percent of Merchandise Imports, 1960 and 12f1 1971 1960 SITC SITC 5 tO 8 SITC SITC 5 to 8 Total A Total B 5 to 8 -mtinus 68 Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 68.9 59.6 72.2 77.4 72.8 64.0 73.5 62.4 82.8 Brazil 80.8 88.7 90.1 85.5 ColombiaL1 85.5 88.3 82.3 53.1 52.l 56.7 55.5 595 62.7 Egypt 66.1 76.2 72.6 71.3 72.3 71.1 75.5 '79.7 Greece 76.0 78.2 63.5 57.0 59.8 55.6 59.7 66.2 India 57.5 65.1 89.7 85.8 84.1 72.4 68.6 67.8 87.2 Indonesia 68.8 87.2 84.7 83.0 2 80.0 78.9 86.9 Irani 83.0 83,7 158579171 78.1 /3 68.8 81.5 84.5 79.1 Kenya- 71.1 81.8 69.7 55.0 54.2 51.4 50.6 58.6 59.3 Korea, Rep. of 53.6. 53.6 64.3 63.1 4 51.0 50.2 67.9 71.0 Malaysia (West)/ 56.3 62.4 81.3 80.7 85.2 84.1 83.4 85.7 Mexico 87.2 88.7 87.2 8l. 2 78.2 77.7 88.7 89.4 Nigeria 82.0 87.2 71.8 67.9 66.2 73.7 63.4 61.0 69.1 Pakistan_/3 64.0 89.1 83.2 81.6 3 77.0 76.9 84.8 Tanzania/ 77.7 86.6 80.2 77.2 76.9 75.4 82.1 84.8 Turkey 76.9 87.9 72.5 77.2 73.8 68.0 70.9 71.9 69.6 67.2 Yugosl via 82.5 86.0 75.4 75.0 ZaireLU/1 72.8 80.4 63.1 62.7

1/ 1970 instead of 1971

2/ 1963 instead of 1960

3/ 1961 instead of 1960

4/ 1962 instead of 1960

Source: Table 12 Table 1l: Manufactured Imports in Selected Countries According to Various Definitons as Percent of Those under Definition "Total A," 1960 and 1971

Total 3 SITC 5 to 8 SITC 3 to 8 minius 68 60 19-71 1960 1971 1960 1971

brazil 115 107 97 101 93 95 Colombia/1 103 02 96 96 95 93 Egypt 115 106 86 90 814 88 Greece 103 106 95 96 94 9h india 113 110 10h05 97 9 4

Indonesia 105 103 100 98 ?° 26 Iran/' 101 100 9 t 9.8 9 95 Knenya/3 11i 10 98 97 97 gO Korea, ?ep. of 100 101 9o 94 94 92 Malaysia, Wes 111 105 90 95 89 93

M1exico 102 103 98 .97 9i 97 95 07 Nigeria 106 101 Q. 98 Pakistan/3 115' 104L 99 98 95 Tanzan a/3 ill 105 99 98 99 Turlkey llL, 103 100 98 96 L Yugoslavia LO1 10) CQ 102 95 Zaire/LL4 110 lO 87 91 86 92

1/ 1970 instead of 1971

2/ 19o3 instead o. 10 0

/ 196,1 inlstead o 1. "C

.J, 19.2 instead ol l90

Source; Ta',,, 12 56 -

Table 16A: Indicators of Import Substitution in Selected Countries 1963 -. : 1971 (values in U-*iiiillion)

Sm Am Nm/Sm Mm/Am 19 1271 1971 19W 1971 19Q 1d97

El Salvador /a 351.84 629.26 332.27 558-15 .310 .291 .328 .328 Ghan6 557.25 611.60 525.5l 530.60 .532 .480 .565 .553 Korea, Republic of 1,599.74 5,879.14 1,560.40 4,989.94 .197 .239 .202 .281 Portugal 1,574.12 4,626.46 1,233.35 3,770.96 .240 .253 .306 .311

Singapore 1,126.72 3,606.54 768.39 2,953.64 .541 .496 .793 .606 Spain 10,303.21 24,432114 9,951.68 22,357.14 .108 .112 .112 .123 Tunisia 401-441- 822.83 354.95 772.60 .386 .289 .437 .308

-E 1 a s t i c i t_y Ratio of Changes Change-in Ratios Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant Am m 'razSm MmAAAm Am (9) (1)O (11) (12) I7ki/A M/S Min/Am Mi/SmSm Am (13) (114) (15) (16) (17) (18)

El Sal:ador L .266 .327 -. 019 .000 .858 .997 .887 .997 .887 .997 GhanaZ& -. 057 -. 607 -. 052 -. 012 -. 107 -1.074 -. 113 -1.084 -. 113 -1.o86 Korea, Republic of .254 .317 .042 .079 1.289 1.569 1.165 1.310 1.170 1.332 Portugal .260 .313 .013 .005 1.083 1.023 1.057 1.016 1.057 1.015

Singapore *476 *540 -. 045 -. 187 .880 .681 .919 .771 .919 .779 spa- .115 .131 .004 .011 1.065 1.170 1.045 1.110 1.046 1.115 TLn <.197 .199 -. 097 -. 129 .510 .455 .583 .534 .590 .542

Notes: Mm = Imports of manufactures 4- Change from 1963 to 1971 ,a Supply of manufactures (output of manufactures plus Mm) Variant 1: with respect to base year Am = Availability of manufactures (Sm minus export of manufactures) Variant 2: with respect to Arithmetic Mean of base and terminal years /a 1970 instead of 1971 Varient 3: with respect to Geometric Mean of base and terminal years

Sources: (1) UN Yearbook of International Trade Statistics , various issues and unpublished data (2) UN Growth of World Industry, Vol. I, various issues and unpublished data - 56 -

Table 16A: Indicators of Import Substitution in Selected Countries, 1963 --.1971 (values in US$ million)

sm Am MI/Sm Mm/Am -1963 197 19- 1971 1971 1963 1971 ( -(2) (3) (4) 1(5- (6) ~ (~~7) ~ (B7T-

El Salvador /a 351-84 629.26 332.27 558.15 .310 .291 .328 .328 Ghana a 557.25 611.60 525.51 530.60 .532 .480- .565 .553 Korea, Republic of 1,599.74 5,879.14 1,560.40 4,989.94 .197 .239 .202 .281 Portugal 1,574.12 4,626.46 1,233.35 3,770.96 .240 .253 .306 .311

Singapore 1,126.72 3,606.54 768.39 2,953.64 .541 .496 .793 .606 Spain 10,303.21 24,432.14 9,951.68 22,357.14 .108 .112 .112 .123 Tunisia 401.44 822.83 354l95 772.60 .386 .289 .437 .308

Ratio of Chan es Chae in Ratios Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant 4Am ( mAmMm,) ZW 4f iAMmz m Ahsm Am (9) (lo) (l) (12) Mm/Sh Mm/Am Mm/Sm Mm/Am Mm/Sm Mm/Am (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

El Salyador /a .266 .327 -. 019 .000 .858 .997 .887 .997 .887 .997 Ghana -.057 -.607 -.052 -.012 -.107 -1.074 -.113 -1v084 -.113 -1.o86 Korea, Republic of .254 o317 .042 .079 1.289 1.569 1.165 1.310 1.170 1.332 Portugal .260 3 .013 .005 1.083 1.023 1.057 1.016 1.057 1.015

Singapore .1476 0 -.0o45 -.187 .880 .681 .919 .771 .919 .779 spa .215 .131 .004 .011 1.065 1.170 1.045 1.110 1.046 1.115 Tar.- .197 .199 -. 097 -. 129 .510 .455 .583 .534 .590 .542

Notes: Mm = Imports of manufactures - Change from 1963 to 1971 d = Supply of manufactuires (output of manufactures plus Mm) Variant 1: with respect to base year Am - Availability of manufactures (Sm minus export of manufactuxes) Variant. 2: with respect to Arithmetic Mean of base and terdinal years /a 1970 instead of 1971 Varient 3: with respect to Geometric Mean of base and terminal years

Sources: (1) UN Yearbook of International Trade Statistics , various issues and unpublished data (2 UN Growth of World Industry, Vol. I, various issues and unpublished data 57 -

Table 16B: Demand - Sources of Industrial Growth in Selected Countries, 1963-1971

(i) Import Substitution Defined in Terms of M/Sm

Domestic Import Export Demand Substitution Demand

1 Salvador /a 76.56 5.96 17.47 Ghana /a 4.14 55.79 40.09 Korea, Republic of 86.27 - 7.64 21.38 Portugal 85.45 - 2.79 17.33

Singapore 77.21 12.40 10.41 Spain 88.51 - .80 12.30 Tunisia 75.80 23.52 0.68

(ii) Import Substitution Defined in Terms of Mm./Am

Domestic Import Export Demand Substitution Demand

El Salvador /a 81.07 0.00 18.78 Gr1hana /a 4.39 10.35 85.22 Korea, Republic of 88.45 -12.35 23.92 Portugal 109.06 - 0.8:3 - 8.25

Singapore 113.22 42.43 -55.72 Spain 91.63 - 1.97 10.28 Tunisia 85.72 29.46 -15.07

/a 1970

Source: Same as for Table 16A 1ItMt - U <: V -00c00l C) '00 U V0 0 00 ln :

*-,j 000 tj<:O0 '0)U0C O0 0 000V 0C'X- 0)r O o~

0 0

)00.tn>01 000(J 00Z001 0000 tll 000V Q o1.1

e0 o 0 o>-

n ~~~~~~~~~* v - v qt .Unu-'0cJ*<>).>

-0 )0 0) .~ 00 0 .0 0 00 . 0 .0...... -t

cooooo~~ .Ooo ooooo0"Jooo °oo

u'J -to tU'.

-0. 0 -o*0 - .' -0{

- '0 000 v. 040.[ t

0. c . CO 0J 0.10'pt

C. ' tOO r0 .0 J C 4 00-. 0) -; c0 0 0 " 4> 00 000 > 00004 oU

t -T .0.0 1~ 0 0,0,M,->,|

G V-:t:DC -u Ci 00jrs,or' 4ox e ,

CI 3 * 14> Q s t Cn' .t ,0r tt )' a . e1> ['t V ;4 .4H * r' -- C! . 4 .YD a: O @ # 0

yt f30o .Vt to. stpt 39 - ' nr . z * '00)) .04r3 - 59 -

Tab-e 18: Comcarison of Mianufacturing Gross Value Added and industrial Production Index in Selected Countries, 1971

Index of Industr-ial Production Value Added in Manufacture (,) in 1971 *Employment -_ (1963 - 100) Coverage in UN/World IBRD/World '4orld National Councry Accounts World Industry Industry Industr IBRD/UN Industry UN IBRD

Argentina 5 ..... l04k 18L 153 186 _ Brazil 2 73/ 734 10ti 1664L Chile 16 06 3 11Lb 1 1 b. c 100 121L& 135L& 121L& China, Republic of /k 1 . . 85 * 292 * 2914 Colombia ZZ2 Y5 86 87L 151 151 151 *

Costa Rica 1 .. .. 81/b ... Greece ... 181 1 9 = 98&4& l0O 204 239 204 India 3 16 af C 1512a 9Z 1.4 135 313 13 g& *- Iran 1 217.1 118L 55 195a1 Israel 217/k 195 2 86 86 99 229 ... 229** Ivory Coast ...... 172 Kenya 1* 1 a 120. 99,. Korea, 3 172i 172/e Republic of 2 100 100 loo!; 394 1467 alaysia 395 117 l00.1 ... . 182Lm exico ...... 1ll 189 198 187 Pakistan a 3 196 1114a- 7W4 . 155 201 Peru 2 .. 97/44... 182 . 168 Philippines 2 1114i 129L li ih 1242 /i 3iii Singapore 3 121A 3 10642 102 97 . 213 /d .. 193/d Spain 1 132L2 132 10l 218 189 218 ** Thailand 3 219LA 3/ka 89/i ... 231 Tunisia 1 9 219 1 78 81lo 1034 ... loo/m 139/ Turkey & 3 57 81i 143-l Venezueia ... 180 2147 2 118 118 115 118tL Yugoslavia /k 5 116 lo0 2L 82 159 ... 159 ** Japan 1 93/1 661 73 258 ... 277

Employment coverage (1 - Covers all establishments (2 - Covers establishments with five or more persons engaged (3 - Covers establishments with 10 or more persons engaged (14 - Covers establishments with 20 or more persons engaged (5 - Almost no information available (* - Covers establishments with 50 or more persons engaged /a - 1968 73 - 1967 fc - Numerator in market price, and denominat,r in factor cost 7 - Base year 1966 7e - Base year 1964 7? - Base year 196 8 77& - Latest year 1970 h - Data taen from a non-homogeneous series 7 - Base year 1967 E - Numera¢;or in factor cost, and denominator in market price --k Latest year 1969 71 - Source does not specify whether the denominator is in market price or factor cost 7_ - Base year 1965

** - IBRD source does not seem to be independent of the'World Industry source, since both indices are the same ... Not available

Sources: (1) U., The Growth of World IdustDry 1971 Edition, Vol. 1 and unpublished data (2) U?, Yearbook of NationaI Accounts Statistics, 1972, Vols. 1 and 2 (3) IBR, Socio Economic Data nk 3 0 0..0. 0.3 001l 03 0C*- .' 1.* . o.n4 ~ oo,.-': 0 0.0.0 00000~~ 001H4R... 0 330.4l.0 .- 0" 4H o1. 01 3H~l10 3. H043H 1 1.11 33 3 o~Hl1 3H 4 34. 3 3 F,:; ;33l.A 41 1' 0 3 ... 00 .3 4. 33333 .44 33 43r 0 3 .0 3 3 .0 .- 1.04

344 3 . H H 03 3 . 4.f.3 3.l.3 -.- ;41R,-1 03.l4 1'

.40 . 0 30 . 0 ' .i 00.00- .. ~.~ .. 0. 33.: ~, ... 3 03 ..03004.3 0 .0 - 0 .- .o .. ~ 0 - 0 0001 ,1. 3.30 11004. 0 3 3 0 0 3.0'l 0'l4 ' 3 .(G31.

. 1 1. 3-.40 33 .3 o-3. 03 0 3~o3 033.4. 3..3.11'11. -1. 3.344 33 ~13

0 O 30'943. r~~ l133 H .031.12.300 41 4314~.l.4.0.4104.1 304.4..334 HH.Q

1 4 . . H ... 3 . . . . .4...'.. 4 3 '- Q -. ,l. ...

4. H 4 .00II 01 '-3 13 4

4l .3.13 o31133 03340el:O 1~..3..3 -300.3 1 oo-.0. 3 433~ O4.~.. ol ~ ~.14.1 333 3 143 *-'4-~ 3041. 31.04. ,'If044.. .4. -~ 304.±334.10 03 .14..134 30~.. 1965 ______I______197 _ __tA ______C______5.8 Merchandise 5 tinu8 Tota9A M r-hndt.B 5 w8 - 8 TalA iWLTt~I minus __Z2~ - .E ___ 688~a.A ______.al 1)(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

LATIN AMERICA& THE CARIBBEAN149.0 27 8 24 68 375 4517 1737 Arge-ntin5L' 84.30 83.90 141.70 151.1 143.1 0 4.88 247,8 0.15 405.17 1,77.17 olvaO13.90 0.00 ... 15.19 128.89 01 .001 .0181 Brozivil/142 2.7 .9 272 1,595.48 446.65 448.65 758.91 772.24 2,903.84 Chile __660.64 14.59 100.06 506.57 687.86 l,Q909.59 5.2 7:1 13.9 1238 Colombia 34.88 33.81 38.77 47.58 539.14 593.J2 YL±.21 1f2.46 110.97 0oo.ua Costs Rica 16.46 16.46 16.93 17.80 111.82 18.00 18.08 54.36 56,20 225.36 Doinica Rep. 2.75 2.75 5.98 5.98 124.21 8.59 8.59 12.03 12.03 187.92 Ecuador 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 178.20 ...... El Salvador 32.18 32.18 34.88 38.71 188.71 75.J3. 73.11± 7Y.4. ~ OUd45 220.42 CuateasaJ 26.04 26.00 28.49 29.49 186.90 78.09 7f63*Q4 Y6.37 y6.37 203.11 Guaa4.54 4.54 5.23 5.23 96.08 5.68 - 5.68 10.34 10.34 144.79 Haiti ... 7.20 7.20 37.80 12.31 12.31 1.1 1.1182 Honduras 6.8 5.59 14.85 15.34 125.48 5.66 5.07 26.36 29.88 182.85 Jamaica 15.23 15.23 29.06 38,57 209.82 26.25 26.25 39.02 47.61 335.06 Mextico 244.32 165.85 194.47 290.07 1,120.44 590.44 503.39 539.19 647.08 1,320.49 Nicaragua 7.16 6.36 11.87 12.10 11±3.54 28.18 28.18 35.70 35.70 183.1±0 Panama 0.56 0.56 0.59 24.30 78.06 2.26 1.77 2N 27.1±5 J44. Paragu y 4.59 4.59 4.59 4.59 57.27 .... " 27.. 25.5o 'Peru/7b 171.47 0.00 205.68 329.99 '667.38 :u..-.7; 7.4±. .i4-,. J~'.. .., Trini7dadand Tobago 27.81 27.81 32.68 361.51 395.66' 71.87 71.87 76.20 477.50 520.40 Uruguay 2.97 2.97 13.61 13.61 191.16 17.73 17.73 21.1±8 21.1±8 205.69 Venezuela 9.98 9.98 8.14 773.37 2,744.8l 44.7u [±1.70 52.63. y.s6.55 3,111.86

Australia 526.47 365.09 565.00 715.81 2,971.09 1,344.94 1,027.07 1,164.90 1,584.30 5,072.35 Austria 1,253.10 1,202.88 1,406.61 1,472.43 1,599.94 2,656.59 2,584.90 2,873.88 2,955.36 3,168.79 Belgium/LuxSebourg 5,203.94 4,698.00 5,137.35 5,608.84 6,381.66 10,265.28 9,522.41 10,107.55 10,874.10 12,391.3Fg Canada 3,802.40 2,933.82 4.497.63 5,036.35 8,107.16 10,451.50 9,131.49 11,739.30 12,568.65 17,674.52 D.nuark 966.99 957.85 1,372.37 1482 2,7.5 1,977.47 1,954.08 2,563.24 2,642.72 3,600.72

Franco, 7,327.15 7,088.00 7,756.64 8,089.00 11!,050.6. 15,284.85 14,946.31 16,325.90 16,690.48 20,420.03 Germany, Fed, Rep, of 15,905.90 15,518.20 15.918.60 16,314.30 17,892.40 34,978.38 34,270.24 35,125.271 35,713.95 39,039.59 Italy 5,608.17 5,500.32 5,952.35 6,369.25 7,188.04 12.609,56 12,479,10 13,138.53 13,937.50 15,110.63 Japan 7,778.59 7,655.38 8,086.48 8,140.00 8,452.42 22,629.8G 22,423.88 23,138.20 23,149.00 24,018.90 Netherlands 3,652,25 3,523.08 4,028,21 4,553.98 6,393.27 8,067.66 7,852.69 8,976.60 10,133.60 13,926.60

New Zealand 53.77 52.84 65.13 69.88 979,28 141.30 138.56 170.60 182.30 1,330.70 Norway 953.10 727.27 1,043.09 1,155.36 1,443,24 1,884.111 1,434.25 1,891.50 2,120.10 2,563.30 Sweden 2,745.73 2,662.63 3,443.23 3,496.93 3,970.59 5,788.38 5,631.32 5,798.00 5,883.00 7,464,00 Switzerland 2,714.63 2,654.01 2,783.14 2,811.20 2,957,27 5,248.72 5,141.78 5,451.00 5,484.00 5,768.00 United Kingdom 11,178.16 10,707.70 11,446.43 12,034.96 13,226.78 19,049.94 18,324.89 19,981.00 20,846.00 22,353.00 United States 17,287.70 16,734.90 18,626.90 19,344.10 27,135.30 30,454.46 29,816.87 32,577.00 33,375.00 43,492.00 CPEC

1 Czechoslovakia 2,211,27 2,195.85 2,272.66 2,299.88 2,688,49 3,631.58 3,11A 9B 3,720.26 3,739.71 4,179.82 Hungary 1,071.50 1,053.09 1,110.90 1,150.22 1,509.85 1,769.33 1,711.94 1,848.03 1,848.03 2,500.40

AUT Dmr1L0Pm1 COUNTRIE 8,721,28 6,51.1.14 8,101.98 12,060.79 31,261.38 16,067.80 15,076.22 17,281.35 20,512.16 17,581.98 WdoRLDTOTL 98,962.10 92,7h1.95 103,911.70 212131.76 159,182.19 201,302.01 197,079.98 213,872.37 224,239.96 291,656.71

/bL 1969 insteadof 1971 ! includesBangla.'esh. I.d. Totals for all developing countries and world relate unty to 1971 available data. S-rcr,s: U.N. Yearbook of International Trade Statistics,vario-s issues and unpublished data. lORD Report: Current Economic Positionand Prospectsof Haiti,Table 3.3, Nay 3, 1972. A.:aI ~:s 73-s~£:r :~a n

-,:pa9 38 9 38 100 142 53.4 5 03 2. 1729 2 74,£7 91 17 5 £2. 21.4 £ 1,tasy F5N1b.ic 54 b7 54 sY £00 I27 £7. 413.2 £. Mal-~ 97 95 97 95 'I00 '00 22. 1 Z£8.2 £4.2 SarLa 80 34 79 34 £01 100o -2.4 .2 D~61.4 3

3 aa57 00 57 00 £00 00 -0.0 - 0 -0.0 42, 2 .3 210 245 210 245 100 23 8.5 9 , 145 2In8 .840 2. 320 71 74 1,72 2. 243 -2.7, 9 -0,5 -3, 54. .1t 139. J~~ 4,410 1,45 3,906 .00 8 2 0 ~ 2. 13.0 ZamV'- ;t, 23.000 682 63 I 23,100 C82 31.2 1330.u 41..2 4.

4t7t76 67 18 35 100 100 6.7 2 I.I2 9.0 a.9 6 .ArlAir-cas iep. 1",77 538 1,'770 538 3.27 100 -2.8 -2.8 18.7 14.0 3.4 39 84 39 84 26c 100 £3.5 13.5 ..0.0 -1..6* - Pe.ple's Rep. of 577 I1£ 577 III £07 1.31 -£0.0 -10.0 19.7 £86.7 -. a s18 1 8 1 12 10 2. 2.3 24.2 23.5 20.5

"a"39 95 39 95 100 £-17 4.3 4.3 -11.2 -b.2 £0.8 a-12 45 12 45 107 £04 36.3 3-,3 9.8 9.2 2 .3 as39 3 39 33 101 10.. 10.1 .5 12.3 £13.0 . 1003 39 100 ... £00 ...... 9.2 ~a.99 94 98 94 113 £01 41.0 41.0 41,9 39.1 14.8 "--- tr.n- 120 396 100 394 119 100 53.b 53.6 22.2 19.0 8.5 t00 79 100 lob10 £03 10.1 10.1 14.5 £3.6 7.2 . r.398 14,7 66 31 433 234 -2.5 0.1 12.8 1.8 19.0 S-gl35 69 34 88 10£ i'8 40.3 40.1 24.9 282 -0.4 S,er,ra Lecne 18,000 ... 8,00 *..6 I00GO 2. 25-. 0.0 .. 3,4 100o 104 100 10 100 £30 40.5 40.3 39.6 39.5' 13.0 Ippe!r V.1ta 87 90 87 90 100 100 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.1 2.3

ia a40 86 4 6 140 125 -2.3 .- 3. -..- 1. c:n Rep. ,st 791 . I .. 01o.. . . 7-3,la.ds 50 85 "0 85 100 213 55.4 55.4 45.6 65.0 8.7 a.. -1ag 0 105 101 105 101 100 17.9 18.0 17 3 17,2 9 6 104 100 104 99 102 101 5.2 5.1 8.8 5.6 3.1

:Lo.ss85 102 69 46 7 27 258 £8.4 7.1 14.8 -3.6 9.2 4s-na, Rep. of £0 99 98 99 102 101 42.1 42.6 42.5 42.2 35.2 ,.aua;s .. .W. 100 .,4.. t..1.. :aasset35o 192l 66 64 404 232 4.2 £.8 1, . . __100 1... £00 4.-. £03 103 11.7 11.7 11.5 11.5 3.9

?ap,ua 'ar. Sa, Ouclnea vS 95 66 35 100 100 12.4 12.4 5.9 5.9 10.5 Pat p rs72 71 72 67 £0 125 3.5 2.5 3.8 7.1 5.9 Sb,poes 90 86 89 142 169 11.6 11.7 11.0 14,3 10.21 r £ks115 10N 115 430 100 3.00 11.8 11.8 17. -?.s Ta s'.nd 94' 109 36 50 1n4 164 28,5 32.3 25.,:.35. i Rua5iep. af ~ 90 229 90 2'y 100 252 22.0 -23.0 0'.5 21.22

Af9nsa 6 64 96 64 100 100 6.1 6.1 13. 13.3 6.1 ""e is18 3 18 30 109 100 16.4 18.i. 6.9 6.1L . r-41i 40 41 40 100 £00 £2.0 £2.0 12.5 12.5 7.9 E-t95 96 95 9s 119 £01 10.2 £0.2 10.1 7.1 4.7 Ftsd65 79 63 76 101 £02 £2.4 £2.2 8.8 8.9 8.7 't-'4£ 73 39 59 100 106 33.2 29.1 20.1 21.9 12.5 ,,ad82 89 82 36 100 100 40.5 7038.9 38.9 2.5 87 88 87 88 466 293 15.2 15.2 14.9 3.4 12.8 a929 37 29 37 £00 I18 9.0 9.0 5.0 71. 9.8 r- d67 79 b5 78 104 102 18.8 19.0 15.4 15.1 13.4

s a,-, £99 164 £92 £60 113 103 16.0 16.2 £9.8 13.0 14,3 05 89 105 84 125 102 16.0 15.5 £9.2 15.3 2.4 128 436 118 3.2 100 10 4.s,O 4h2.0 847.84 4~7.5 20.4. Malts 89 92 09 92 3.00 £00 17.9 17.8 17.2 17.2 13.1 '5raeo73 53 30 53 104 12 20.7 21.4 11.0 10.6 2.5

P0c9l77 82 79 8£ 102 10.3 12.2 12.3 11.1 11.12 10.b 80 87 76 83 112 107 28.3 29.2 26.7 25.8 5.,oArab Rep. 94 88 94 88 107 101 5.7 5.7 6.9 5,4 2.5 2ui 7 79 6 71L 114 110 63.2 7.8 6.1 5.6 10.3 T- ke, 89 66 27 64 %s 104 20.2 39.9 20,9 £3.0 6.5 .va88 94 79 81 105 107 11.7 10,9 10.5 10.9 9.1. -6 Table 20 (c.nt:.nued)

Annua Growth Rates. 195-1971 in Percentai As Percentof Total A M{erchandise SITC SITC to 8 SITC 5 to 8 minus 68 Total 8 A Total 8 Export SITC 5 1971 5tr".. ' 5 to 8 minus 68 Total 1965 1971 1965 1971 1965

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAP' 4.2 23.0 22.035 59 62 107 102 2h.1 ~ 11.3 Argentina /a 59 62 ...... -71.5 100 15 00 1,210 100 -100.0 21.4 21,7 10.5 B.olivI'a/b 1.110 100 103 23.7 23.7 54 59 52 59 .4k.6 15.L 12d4 Brazil- 506 1,297 0.9 26.0 660 1.266 1s 63 17.1.. 15.6 16.5 4,.2 Chile/a 87 96 123 129 17.6 Colo-bia 90 101 21.2 12.L~ 103 1.9.6 19.6 21.4. 88 97 88 105 12.1. 7.1 Costa Rica 97. 100 21.0 21.0 12.h 46 71 46 71 100 D.oji,can Republic 100 ...... 100 ... 100 ... i7 13.0 3.2 Ecuador 92 11 101 15.2' ILI:?, . 92 95 92 20.1 22.5 21.9 2 El Salvador 91 81 100 100 20.0 Guatemala 91 81

12.1 7.1 100 0.5 0.3 12.1 45 87 45 too Y.8 1 Cuyana 87 .. , 9.8 . 98 100 100 6.5 Haiti ... 96 -.- 1610.0 11.6 38 19 103 113 3.6 8.1 Honduras 41 22 9.5 9.5 5.0 67 52 67 133 122 14.3 2.8 Jamaica 52 118 15.9 20.1 18.5 126 110 85 93 149 Mexico 4..2 25.6 28.1 20.0 20.1 54. 79 102 100 6.7 Nicaragua 60 79 2b.2 21.2 25.8 2.1 7 95 76 4,100 1,178 Paaa95 ~ 100 3.2 3.2 t.109 21 100 21 100o -1.7 6.7 Paraguay/a 100 -.5.6 . 7.5 in1 00 3 160 1.12 15.2 4.8 4.7 Peru/b 83 1,110 627 17.1 17.1 85 94 85 94 7.9 7.9 1.2 TCrinid-ad& Tobago 100 100 34.6 36.6 22 02 22 a~ 26.3 36.5 3.4 2.1 Uruguay 123 6 9,500 1,764 20.3 Venezuela 123 05 ~

DNEC 12.5 14.2 9.4 88 127 136 16.9 18.8 93 115 65 13.6 12.6 12.3 12.1 Australia 86 90 105 103 13.3 11.7 Aust-ria .89 92 12.5 11.9 11.7 91 94 109 108 12.0 13.9S BelKi=m/Luxemb.urS 101 102 18.4 20.9 17.4 16.5 89 65 78 112 107 11.1 8.0 Canada 85 103 12.7 12.6 10.4 71 77. 70 76 103 Denmark 12.5 13.1 13.2 13.3 12.8 94 91 92 104 1112 14.0 13.9 France 94 102 14.1 14.2 14.1 100 100 9? 98 102 14.1 14.0 13.2 Genmany, Fed. Rep. of 107 106 14.5 14.6 94 96 92 95 19.1 19.0 19.0 Italy 97 101 1110 19.5 19.6. 96 98 95 14.3 14.3 14.2 13.9 Japan 87 87 113 113 14.2 Netherlands 91 90 17.4 17.4 1. . 81 81 107 107 17.5 10.7 10.0 Ne eLnd83 83 12.1 12.0 10.4 100 70 76 111 112 9.0 11.1 Nor-ay 91 101 13.2 13.3 9.1 80 100 77 97 102 11.9 11.8 11.7 Sweden 94 101 101 11.6 11.7 98 96 95 9.4 9.8 9.6 9.8 Switzerland 92 105 104 9.3 8.2 Kingdom 98 95 94' 10.1 9.8 9.6 United 90 92 104 102 9.9 United Statea 93 93 CPEC 7.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.4 98 97 97 101 101 Czechoslovakia 97 8.4 8.9 8.2 8.8 95 93 104 100 8.7 Hungary 96 96 14..8 l14.1 8.6 87 1441 119 11.4I 16.1 C0UNTRr,-S i0k 93 77 ALL DEVELOPING 11.2 13.2. 13.5 12.9 12.6 96 89 92 108 105 W(3LD TOTAL!

which data are available for both 1p65 and 1971. ware computed after adding up those countries for /1 rowtn rates for All Developing Countries,and World

/a 1970 instead of 1971 75b 1969 instead of 1971 For footnotesand source, see Table 19 1965 1.971Id SITC SiTC 5 to 8 SITC S:TC 5 to 8 5 to 8 minus b8 1~1 A 7otal. 8 5 to 8 miu oS TtlA oa

--th-iopia 0.11 0.11. 1.31. 1.31. 1,42 1.42 3.70 5.26 clenva 11.55 q.67 1.5.92 27.96 15.27 15,27 20.59 36.003 Malagasy Rep. 5.38 5.38 10.05 10.06 8.12.81 23.21 2657 ..lawa.i 1.16 1.1.6 1,20 1,20 2.45 2451 12.57 12.57 Somalia 6.13 6.07 7.69 7,77 4.14 41 22 22

Sudani 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.79 Tanzania 1.3.47 13.47 6.41 6.41 15.60 15.60 6.3b 14,62 U;ganda 13.25 0.51 0,72 13.46 8.51. 0.27 0 ," 8.24 l.ia-7.3812 15 63 7b.07 6.55 0.57 75.49 ZaiTre I- 723 0.126 0.1.8 96.47 98.79 0.13 , 1.4.49 98.79

Cameroon 22.13 5.31 29.10 29.16 18.05 9.71. 28.06 28.06 Cenitral African Rep. 54.47 54.47 3.07 3.90 37.79 37.79 7.02 7.02 Chad 0.81 0.81 2.1.2 5.66 1,78 1.78 2.12 2.12 Congo, Peopl.e's Rep. of 50 88 50.88 6.82 9,40 34.06 34.06 30.74 31.12 Dahiomey 5.68 5.68 6.47 6.60 6,22 6.22 7.70 7.70

Gaborn 1.0,72 10.72 27.46 27.46 7,45 7.45 7.85 9.20 Ghiana 1.71 1.71 13.98 15.00 9.58 9.58 21.35 22.15 :vorv, Coast 5.41 5.30 13.74 13.81. 5.86 5.56 16.75 17.47 Liberia ... -. ,-. 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Mali 2.62 2.62 2.67 3,03 8,94 8.94 9.53 9.66

Mauritania 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.16 7.99 7,99 2.02 2.02 Niger 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.44 2,74 2.74 3.47 3.47 6,77 1.11 1.70 7.37 2.40 0.46 1.44 3.37 Senegal 2.96 2.93 8.58 8.63 23.23 22.84 33.46 39.47 Sierra Leone 64.23 64.23 C.00 0.03 60.91 60.91 0.00 3.03 Togo 4.86 4.86 4,88 4.8? 17.94 17.81 17.30 17,30 Upper Volta 4.54 4.54 5.12 5.12 6.05 6,65 6.74 6.74

ASABurma 2.70 0.23 6.73 9.39 4.53 0.80 12.72 15.91. China. Rep. of 42.52 41.45 54.13 54.39 .. Fi-jiIslands 0,92 0,92 1.86 1.86 9.07 9.07 10.73 22.82 Hong Kong 87.18 86.56 85.71 86.55 93.32 93.08 88.76 89,03 India 48,1.6 48.05 46.39 47.26 54.02 53.40 53.81 54.24

Indonesia 1.89 1.53 2.22 16,17 3.07 1.37 3,0 7.75 Korea. Rep. of 60.98 59.31. 60.52 61.94 82.06 81.75 83.28 83.92 Laos ... 9,.,6 .2 0.00 0.00 40.39 60.39 Malavsia, W,est 34,26 6,38 9.2 38,89 34.66 11.56 18.02 41,51 Pakistan LL ,,6.uvQ 36.i,j 3.6.10C 37.u4 555 555 550 56.52

Papua and New Guinea 4,95 4.95 7.51 7.51 5.52 5.52 '5.82 5.82 'hi.Lippines 8,29 8.29 11.46 11.93 7.25 6.82 10, 21 12.80 Singapore 31.10 30.61 35.53 50.28 33.56 33.26 37.20 62.73 Sri Lanka 0.84 0.84 0,72 0.72 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 Thailand 5.15 1.99 5.46 8.94 16.92 7.82 15.58 25.52 Vietnam, Rep. of L.a 11.04 1.04 1.21 1.21 15,26 1.96 6.65 16.77 EMENA Afghanistan 12.77 12.77 13,.A 13.34 12.73 12.73 19.76 19.76 Algeria LA4.46 4.46 24.60 26,7], -C~.19 ~ .49 21 *71 21 03 Cyprus 5.85 5.85 14.39 14.39 7.32 7.32 18,47 18.47 Ea4YPt 20.48 20.48 21,53 25.60. 27,92 27.92 29.15 M934 Finland 58.70 57.05 90.55 91.35 71.70 68.88 90.80 92.47

Greece 13.82 13.28 33.87 33.91 38,08 30.52 52,04 55.04 Iceland 1.66 1.66 2.02 2.02 11.17 2.21 12.54 12.54 Iran 4.41 4.41 5,09 23.73 5.02 5.02 5.69 16.66 ltao 0.76 0.76 2.60 2.60 0.73 0,73 1.99 2,34 Ireland 26,64 25.86 39.84 41.33 34.84 34.49 44.22 45.03

Israel 66.68 64,32 33.5.', 37.87 72,53 70.74 44.26 45.68 Jordan 18.34 18.34 17.51 21.83 38.81 37.71 43.50 44.43 Lebanon 23.48 21.66 18,31 18.31 66.70 64.18 62.79 b2.88 Malta 66.71 66.71 74.71 74.71 85,42 85.42 92.75 92.75 Morocco 6.01 5.36 18.07 18.85 15.71 15.71 29.19 29.79

FParEugal 60,58 60,24 78.77 80.54 66.38 66.21 81.27 83.48 Spain. 41.68 39.33 52.0.5 58.06 61.36 60.24 70,62 75.25 Syrian Arab. Rep. 9.79 9.79 10.47 11.44 11.77 11.77 13,45 13.55 Tunisia 22.76 18.84 29.39 33.37 18.16 16.45 23.27 25.71 Turkae, 6.05 2,35 8.85 13.77 12.57 12,57 18.96 19.62 Yugoslavia 63.13. 56.49 71.67 74.88 72.82 62.58 77,34 82.78 65

T-ble 21 (continued)

1965 1971 /d SIC SIC5o8SITC SITC 5 to8 5ITo SITC 568 Total A Total B 5 to 8 minus 68 Total A Total B

L&TIN LAMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN Argentina /a 5.64 5.61 9.48 10.11 13-98 13.98 22.h2 22.85 Bolvia /b: 10.78 0.00 . 11.78 0.05 0.00 0.05U.j' Brazil 7.78 7.78 14.86 14.86 15.38153263 2.9 Chile La 96.04 2.17 14.54 73.64 81.84 4.10 6.47 83.88 Colombia 6.46 6.27 7.19 8.82 13.5h 13.12 13.L2 17.27

Costa Rica 14.72 14.72 5,14 15.91 21.33 21.33 24h2 2. Dominican Republic 1.99 1 99 4.81 4.81 4.57 4.57 6.40 6.40 Ecuador 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.39 El SalvadorElSlao 1z917.05 77.5 1 151.48 424 2°55242.1 2732.97 598 327.563i.i5 34-i0431.78 3.i2234 04 Guatemala 13.91 13.91 152 152278276 h03.O

Guyana 4.72 4,72 5.44 5.44 3.23 3.23 744 .14 Haiti .- 19.04 19.04 I 6.34 Honduras 4.82 4.43 11.78 12.17 3.uv .i 14.421.3 Jn aica 7.26 7.26 13.85 18.39 7.83 7.83 11.64 14.20 Mexico 21.80 14.80 17_.36 25.88 44.71 38.12 40.83 49.00

Nicaragua 4.99 4.43 8.2 7 8.4 3 15.36 15.36 19.47 19.47 Panama 0.71 0.71 0.75 31.13 1.97 1.54 2.03 23.89 Paraguay /a 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.54 8.54 40.39 40.55 Peru /b 25.69 0.0 30.81 49.44 35.32 0.87 31.77 35.69 Trinicad & Tobago 7.02 7.02 8.26 91.36 13.84 13.84 14.64 91.75 Uruguay 1.55 1.55 7.11 7.11 8.62 8.62 10.44 104 Venezuela 0.36 0.36 0.29 28.17 1.44 1.44 1.69 30.13

DMEC Australia 17.71 12.28 19.01 24.09 26.52 20.25 22.97 3i.23 Austria 78.32 75.18 87.91 92.03 83.84 81,57 90.69 93.26 Belgium/Luxembourg 81.55 73.62 80.50 87.89 82.84 76.85 81.57 87.76 Canada 46.90 36.19 55.48 62.12 59.13 51.66 66.42 71.11 penmark 42.53 42.13 60.36 61.94 54.92 54.27 71.19 73.39

France 72.90 70.52 77.18 80.48 74.85 73.19 79.95 81.74 Germany, Fed. Rep. of 88.90 86.73 88.97 91.18 89.60 87.78 89.97 91.48 Italy 78.02 76.52 82.81 88.61 83.45 82.58 86.95 92.24 Japan 92.03 90.57 95.67 96.30 94.22 93.36 96.33 96.38 Netherlands 57.13 55.11 63.01 71.23 57.93 56.39 64.46 72.76

New Zealand 5.49 5.40 6.65 7.14 10.64 10.41 12.82 13.70 Norway 66,04 50.39 72.27 80.05 73.50 55,95 73.80 82.71 Sweden 69.15 67.06 86.72 88.07 77.55 75.47 77.68 78.82 Switzerland 91.80 89.75 94.11 95.06 91.00 89.14 94.50 95.08 United Kingdom 84.51 80.95 86.54 90.99 85.22 81.98 89.39 93.26 !.'nited States 63.71 61.67 68.64 71.29 70.02 68.58 74.90 76.74

CPEC Czechoslovakia 82.25 81.68 84.53 85.55 86.88 86.41 89.01 89.47 Hungary 70.97 69.75 73.58 76.18 70.76 68.47 73.91 73.91

ALL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 25.(46 19.00 24.52 35.20 33.77 31.68 36.32 43.11

WORLD TOTi%L 62.05 58.15 65.16 70.31 70.05 67.57 73.33 76.88

Fg a-.d Sp.pvZr.p' See 'rable 19 - 66 -

3'erchar.dzse Exports as Reported in Various Documents 6 .a'bie 22: . or ota, 1965 and 19 9) (Illustration from the Latin American and the Caribbean Countries,

As Per Cent of U'NTrade Yearbook Data ' lncernataona1 Growth Rates of Financial UN National IFS as Anrnual Direction 165 -1969 (L) (DOT) SradeStatistics (IFS) Accounts Percent of DOT UN DOT IFS 1965 1969 1965 1569 165 1969 1965 1969

1.9 1.9 1.,> 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.0 113.6 100.0 100.0 Argentina f 13.4 3.1* 1L.2 120.0 81.9* 97.3 100.0 118.2 98.9 81.1 122.1 Bolivia 77.6 99.9 100.0 9.7 9.7 9.7 Brazil 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 91.7 99.8 105 4 96.7 99.6 99.i; 11.7 11.8 11.8 C-i:le 100.0 100.L 99.6 100.0 95-4 134.5 100.0 100.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 Colcmnbia 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 98.4 121.4 121.2 102.8* 97.9 14.6 15.5* 14.1 Costa Ri-a 97.3* 100.5 10.6 100.0 97.6 100.0 116.9 109.2 91.1* 99.7 10.() 8.1 DGrmin!ican Republic 107.1* 0.4 1.8* --- 123.9* 83.6 --- 100.0 110.6 115.8 --- 126.9 Ecuador 110.1 100.5 100.0 1.5 1.8 1.8 El 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 112.1 Salvador 116.4 100.5 102.7 8.1 8.2 8.8 Guatemala 99.5 100.0 100.0 102.7 120.4 100.0 100.0 123.6 106.8 100.0 100.7 5.7 5.5 5.6 Guyana 100.0 99.2 11.3 7.0 129.5 101.6 100.0 108.3 3'11 1 92.1* 78.6* 7.4 Honduras 110.2* 3,9 7.1 7.7 109,8 97.7 112.9 206.7a/ 229.92a 100.5 100.8 Jamaica 97.3 6.3 5.8 5.8 102.0 100.0 102.3 100.0 162.8 182.9 100.4 100.0 Mexico 818.1 835.5 96,6 97.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 Nicaragua 103.5 102.6 100.0 100.0 9.7 98.7 96.7 307.7 302.5 59.1* 103.2 11.0 -4,5* ?anama 167.1* 90.8 -2.8 -2.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 115.8 149.0 100,0 100.0 -3.0 Paraguay 100.0 6.6 6.8 100.1 100.5 100.8 115.4 120.8 100.1 99.8 6.7 Peru 100.3 3.8 3.7 4.1 99.4 100.2 101.3 120.2 112.9 100.5 101.9 Trinidad & Tobago 99.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.;0 100.0 83.2 110.0 100.0 100.0 Uruguay 96,5 95.1 108.8* 87.1 1.3 3.2* -2.8 Venezuela 93.3* 100.1 101.4 87.2

of other countries. * The figures have been derived from the trade returns /a Merchandise exports only. 1969. Sources: U. N., Yearbook of LnfPezraticnal Trade Statistic-s, 1968, I. X. F., 1. B. R. D., Direction of Trade Annual), 1961-l9659,1966-8-1972. I. M. F., -nternational Financia Statistics, Sept. ly72. U. N., Yearbook of National Accounts Statistics,, Vol. I, 1970. - 67 - Table 23: Industrial Structure of Manufacturig_Sectors, 953, 198196,and 1963-1971 For Selected Countries by Major Groups of ISIC (Rev.1) and ISIC (Rev.2)

6 Table 23.1: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Argentina, 1960, 19 32-171 Percent Distribution of Value Added

ISIO I N D U S T R Y 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

L6.54 311/2 Food Products ...... 19.00 21.91 17.87 17.16 18.56 19.56 18.33 ) 17.31 16.90 313 Beverage ...... 311 Tobacco o53...... 0.61 0.58 0.5Q o.48 0.49 o.48 321 Textiles...... 12.13 322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear- 11.87 10.05 10.87 11.20 10.51 10.28 9.95 12.10 12.06

.. *. *.*. . ... 324 a/ Footwear . e . . ev* .. e..* e 323 Leather & Leather & FuirProducts ...... 4.22 2.76 2.69 2.63 2.59 2.70 2.81 331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 332 Furniiture & Fixtures, except metal ( 1.74 1.65 1.71 1.711 1,84 1.77 1.75 4.40 1.66 l.Sts 4.2/ 341 Paper & Paper Products ...... 1.52 1.76 1.80 1.84 1.88 1.66 1.76 ) 4.08 4.33 3112 Printing &Publishing ...... 3.641 3.60 3.23 3.39 3.58 3.25 3.53 ) 1 1 351 Industrial Chemicals ...... 19.58 19.85 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 7.13 7.49 8.12 7.93 6.05 7.91 7.94 17.68 353 Petroleum Refineries ...... 25 354 14isc. Products of Petroleum & Coal ...... 7.14.8.94...... 8.20.8.82.8(*o*8 *5 355 Rubber Products ...... 1.36 1.211 1.37 1.53 1.411 1.33 1.26 3,1 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... 4.60 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( 14.32 4.34 4.19 4.40 4.72 4.85 5.22 4.46 4.54 369 Other Non-¶etalic Mineral Products ...... 6.// 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 9 ( 8.66 8.91 10.65 10.50 9.09 9.16 10.01 5.58 6.25 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .... 31.11 32.06 381 Metal Products, except machinery ( 1486 14.79 16.93 17.29 16.59 16.62 16.06 ) 30.43 382 Machinery, except electrical ...... ( 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc 6.69 5.41 5.77 6.o4 5.86 5.611 5.76 384 b/ Transport equipment ...... 356 Plastic Products ...... 2.59 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. ( 7.31 6.52 6.06 5.66 5.98 5.87 6.90 3.95 3.57 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ......

TOTAL 99.99 99.98 100.02 100.01 97.99 c/ 99.99 100.01 99.99 100.00 100.1l

a/ Itemized Data not available.

b/ ISIC 384 included in 381 and 382.

0/ Remainder includes non-itemized data. ... Not available SOURCE- IBRD, Report on Argentina No. WH-204, November 1970; and No. 31a-AR, February 1973. 68

Table 2 2l.:I TrlalStrutur 1tsuIo' fecturi-i ~cosin Brazil, 1953, 1258 -1263Kl22

Percent: DistribuLtion of Gross V, Iue Added at Current J'actor Co,;L

ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1953 1958 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

311/2 Food Products ...... 16,148 114,o6 llJ.?6 111.140 1J4.3 1)1.37 114.4 .12.1i5 12.92 313 Beverage .-...... 14.14o 3.13 2.87 2.76 2.65 2.145 '2.55 2.56 2.67 3114 Tobacco ...... 2.20 1.56 1.51 1.145 1.32 .1.09 1.147 1.)12 1.46 321 Textiles ...... 18.68 13.75 11,60 11.147 11.119 10.77 9.814 l0.86 10.09

322 Wearing.Apparel, except footwear 4-hIo 3.75-117 3.06 2.90 3.15 3.12 2.98 2.fW 3214 Footwear ......

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Pr-odacts .,1.10 1,25 0.80 0.8'2 0.86 0.82 0.814 0.78 0.63 331 Wood Products, except furniture .... 4.140 3.13 2.60 2.21 2.01 2.39 2.15 2.146 2.61 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal ... 2.20 2.19 1,514 1.56 1.55 i.614 1.69 1.63 1.5 8 31a3 Paper & Paper Products...... 3.30 2.81 2.90 2.51 2.37 2.38 3.23 2.701 2.65 3142 Printing & Publishing ...... 3.30 3.13 2.1t9 2.06 2.147 2.63 3.05 2.96 2. 98

351 Indust-rial Cliemjicals...... ,. 10 35 h 352 Other Chcsaical Products ...... 109 137143 58168 179 1665 65352 353 Petrolemis Re-fineries 1099 13751..3.1.8.1.7.1.7....5.6.3..5 3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal .... ( 3155 Rubber Products...... 2.20 1.88 1.92 2.1.1 2.214 2.03 1.76 2.171 2. (8 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware...... C 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( 6.59 6.56 5.15 14.97 5.11 14.88 5.57 5.91 5.8' 369 Other Non-i4etalie M-ineral Products ... ( 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ..... 372 Non-Ferrous M-etatlBasic Industries .. ( 9.89 12.19 12.75 11.67 11.63 10.93 10.146 11.52 C 1 . 381 M4etal Products, except machiucry 382 Machiinery, except electrical ...... 2.20 3.13 3.08 3.33 3.79 14.1(11 5.07 5.37 5.99) 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc.. 3.30 14.38 6,12 6.38 6.06 5.86 6.11 6.140 b.26 3814 Transport Equipment ...... 2.20 6,88 10.38 10.62 8.79 9.19 8.39 7.9') 8.64;

356 Plastic Produc-ts ...... , 1.71 1.68 1.79 385 Professional Phiotographic, Goods, etc.. ( 2.20 2,50 2.514 2.82 3.08 3.17 1.85 1.75 1.71 390 Othe--rManufacturing Industries .... ,...

TOTAL 100.03 100.03 100.00 100.01 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 100.01

a! ISIC 353, 3514are included in 351.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I. - 69

Table 23.3 Industrial Structure of ManufacturinR Sect rs in Chile, 1960, 1963-1967.196

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Market Prices

ISIG I N D U S T R Y 1960 1963 196)4 1965 1966 1967 1969

311/2 Food Products ...... 10.9 16.88 17.14 16.43 17.05 15.61 ( V.'t0 313 Beverage ...... 4.25 4.30 4.19 4.86 4.88 314 Tobacco ...... 4.19 3.81 3.38 3.44 3.40 321 Textiles .0.1 1...... 13.36 12.41 12.50 13.67 13.23 10.70

322 W.aring Apparel, except footwear ...... 2.61 ( 3.18 1.75 2.82 9.20 324 Footwear ...... ( 2.00 ( 1.76 1.89 2.07 323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products 1.09 1.12 1.08 1.18 0.99 331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 4.0 2.19 2.48 2.64 2.20 1.86 4.20 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0.67 0.59 0.65 o.66 o.84 341 Paper & Paper Products ...... 1.1 4.43 3.48 3.49 3.22 3.18 l oo 342 Printing & Publishing ...... 3.89 3.95 3.49 3.46 3.07 351 Industrial Chemicals ...... (....2 8.44 8.29 9 el7 9.48 7.710 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 2

353 Petrolemn Refineries ...... 354 Misc. Products of Petroleum & Coal .. ( 2.55 2.07 1.32 0.98 0.73 355 Rubber Products . 2.13 2.46 2.22 2.46 2.07 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... 5.5 5.16 4.34 4.142 4.70 3.92 13.110 369 Other Non4letalic Mineral Products ( 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 898...... 6.25 ( 8 18 4.75 4.64 4.99 6.23 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ...... 1.28 ( 4.34 2.99 6.37

381 Metal Products, except machinery ,...... 3.9 5.89 6.78 6.41 6.08 5.67 6.0o 382 Machinery, except electrical ...... ( 2.67 2.95 2,89 3.48 2.91 ( 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc ... ( 6.3 2.79 2.89 2.87 3.26 4.15 0 6.8 384 Transport Equipment ...... 3.6 5.16 5.93 6.25 6.15 6.86 9. o 356 Plastic Products ...... 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.... ( 25.5 2.13 2.13 2.35 2.40 2.59 18r; 0 390 Other Manufacturing Industries (-- (......

TOTAL 100.0 100.01 100.04 99,78 a/ 99.99 99,99yg 3.00

a! Remainder includes repair of footwear and manufacturing of made-up textile goods (except wearing apparel) which are not itemized. SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I IBRD, Report on Chile, Vol. 1, Main Report, WH-202b 9-10-70 - 70 °

Table 23-L: liiJustrial StruScttire of I-uufucLuringt Sector s in th uREpublic of Chiunf 1966-1969

Percent Distribution of Cross Value Added at Cfurrent Factor Cost

ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1966 1967 1968 1

311/2 Food Products ...... O ., .. 19.52 15.81 13.31 11,(L) 313 Beverage ...... 0.67 0-59 0.91 ( .( ; 314 TobDa cco ...... 2.91 3-ll ° 4h.05 2 ,l 321 Textiles ...... 11.47 11.80 12.38 12.21

322 Wearing Apparel, excePt Footwear..... ( 1.17 ( 1.05 ( 1.16 ( 1.23 321/a Footwear ...... ( ( (

323 Leatlher, Leather & Fur Products ...... O.08 0.12 O.07 0.08q 331 WoCd Products, except Furniture 5.43 6.76 6.81 4l.61 332 FurnitureC& Fixtures, except Metal... 0 .32 0.54 0.-31 Oji? 313 Paper & Paper Products 3.17 2.53 2.1-I, 1 .6) 31h2 Printing & Publishing.. 1.17 1.40 1.1( 1 .7i'

351/b Industrial Chemicals (15.7? (16.71 ( 17.68 (11h."58 352 Other Cherical Products ( ( ( (

353 Petr-oleum Re35 fire, Pt101U ries.- ...... Sn 1 ri S(10).06 1C.0 ( 9.51.1 ( 99.1l3 3 ((1().12i ) 3514 1 1isc.PrudUcts & Petroleum. & Coal ( ( ( (

355/a Rubber Productts ...... 1.27 .-33 1.3IX 1-97

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ( ( ( ( 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( 8.83 ( 9.29 ( 7.83 ( 6.37 369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products. ( ( (

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ( ( ( ( 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ... 3.23 ( 2.61 ( 2.78 ( 7.17

381 Metal Products, except lMachinery. 2.16 2.56 2.31 2.l1) 382 M-lachinery, except Elctrical 3.57 3.37 2.!7 2.96; 383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus, etc. 5.08 5.88 7.>2 7 - s 38hI Transport Eqiiipment 3.36, 3.9( h.84 2.fi 356/b Plastic Products......

385 Professional Photograp hic Goods, etc. ( ( ( ( 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... 0.79 ( 0.88 ( OW? 17131(

TOTAL 99.99 99.99 99.' 9, .,

/a ISEI 32!t inclured in 322 and 355. 7b ISIC 356, 352 are included in 351.

SOURCE: The Republic of China, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Report on Industrial and Cononercial Surveys, No. 3, December, 1970. -71-

Table 23.5: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing-Sectors in Colombia, 1953, 1958. 1960, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Factor Cost

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 ISIC I N D U S T R Y 1953 a! 1958 a! 1960 I/ 1963 19614 1965

13.98 22.99 ...... 18.21 16.02 lh.16 13.78 15.58 15.09 16.28 16,61 15.514 13.59 311/2 Food Products 13.78 13.140O 114.21 Beverage ...... 22,75 11i 87 11493 15.13 11.914 a/ 15.69 13.08 U.14oo 114.39 313 14.614 3.73 3.69 3.33 3114 Tobacco ...... 3.714 6.99 5.57 14.05 5.10 ;7/ 5.00 14.04 14.12 12.69 114.22 15.17 12.59 164514 26.80) 321: Textiles ...... 17.81- 16.514 15.68 114.93 13.52 13.68 3.50 3.29 footwear...... (((2.90 (2.80 2.86 2.51 2.70 5.28 322 Wearing Apparel, except 0.63 1.07 0.514 0,88 3214 Footwear ...... ( 6.67 5.141 5.03 0.86 ( 14o1 0.75 0.71 0.63 0.96 0.97 0. 95 0.9J Leather & Leather & Fur Products .... 1.73 1.4~5 1.Iil, 1.16 1.10 1.214 1.241 1.114 323 1.01 0.97 0.9 1.02 1.014 Wood Prodmwts, except furniture ..... 1.13 1.02 0.95 1.00 0.95 1.00 1.10 331 0.72 GA61 0.80 .0.72 0.80 0. 6: 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0,93 1.02 0.814 0.76 0.72 0.70 3.01 2.66 2.99 2.914 2.914 3.1) 3141 Paper & Paper Products ...... 1.00 1.142 1.83 2.814 2.75 2.35 2.71 2.86 3.23 2.914 2.5;b 2.87 2.86 342 Printing & Publishing ...... 2.87 2.914 2.86 2.79 2.86 6.39 (12.13 3.30 3.19 Chemicals ...... ((((((6.17 351 Industrial 12.144 7.01 6.145 ( 8.05 7.36, 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 5*914 8.97 10,18 10.00 10.148 11.00. 14.11 ( 2.92 3.75 3.9'.) ...... 3.62 353 Petroleum Refineries b/ b/ (0.20 0.02 0.0? 3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ..... 1.67 3.37 3,51 2.90 2.92 2.30 2.82 2.72 2.72 2.61 2.57 2.59 2.02 1.61 1.97 355 Rubber Products ...... , 2.40 2.35 2.145 3.39 0.514 0.58 C0.55 0.61 0.51i 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... C1.33 0.88 0.85 Products ...... 6.60o 5.6o 5.81 C6.12 (5.86 C6.o14. 6.1414 1.114 1.17 362 Glass & Glass 2.19 C3.92 14.27 3.72 369 Other Non4letalic Mineral Products ... ((((((2.13 CA61 .2.143 0.27 0.59 b- b 2.149 2.57 2 5,1w 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... C2 2. 1.03 1.-38 b.oTh 0.11, 0.92 0.55 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries: 53 203.3 2.05 ( 1.12 14,82 14.82 14.72 5.05 5.1lb 4.75 1 4.141 Metal Products, except msachinery .,2.00 2.84 3.55 14.146 14.148 381 1.23 1.23 1.18 1.85 3.05 2.83 Machinery, except electrical ..... 0.1.o47 '0.80, 0.88 1.12 1.26 1.214 382 3.32 3.07 3.28 2.57 2.77 383 Electrical Machdinery, mpparatus, etc .,. 0,73 2.01 2.39 3.22 3.09 3,149 3.76 2.514 2.31 2.01 2.68 2.18 2.91 2.76 2.55; 3814 Transport Equipment ., ...... 1.87 2.38 2.52 2.52 1.614 1.143 1.39 1.38 356 Plastic Producats ...... ((((((1.36 0.15 0.17 '..10 0.22 0.30 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.... C 1.07 (1.92 (2.02 (2.32 (2.30 (2.62 C2.52 385 1.23 1,10 0.914 1.07 1.07 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... (. C( 99.99 100.00 100.02 100.02 TOTAL 100.12 100.12 99.98 98,93 2./ 100.00 98.914i/ 98.87 i/ 99.99

a! At current mairket prices. b/ ISIC 3514 and 371 are included in 390, c/ Renainder includes repair of footwear and mfg. of made-up textile goods (except wearing.apparel) whiich are not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol..I; 1970 and 1971 unpublished data obtained from U.N. Statistical Office, New York. -72-

Tabla 23.6; Industrial Structure of Manufacturjli_ Sectors in C.os~taRica, 1953, 6,_9 3-L571.

PerCenL Distribution of Gross Value Added

1970 19,3I ISIC I N D U S T R Y l953Z_a 1960 1963 i961, 1965 1966' 1967 1968 1969

28.26 32.3 29.31 31)12 Food Products ...... 25.56 341.55 33.01 29.86 28.o9 29.1i 28.68 28.868 3;...... -J 15.15 3T.9 i/ 1)3. 51 I.? .17 11.7? 12.' 203. 5.18 It.88 5.55 5.11 It.89 11.81 11.87 5.12 5.29 4.5 4.3 3111 Tobacco...... 41.30 11.11'S 3.9 14.0 321 Textiles...... 3.85 3.97 3.99 11.22 41.15 41.37 11.33 4.7 5.0 322 WrlGApparel, except footwear .... 9.67 7.02 6.78 6.08 5.63 5.57 It.90 41.57 11.3h 3211 Footwear...... 0.2 0.6 1. & FoarProducts .... 2.25 1.36 1.02 o.81t 0.75 0.71 0.87 0.95 323 LcaI.lier &TLeather 5.8 5.' except fturniture .... 11.)18 8.78 8.38 8.17 7.70 7.38 6.72 6.119 6.1I7 331 Wood Pro)ducts, 2.7 & 1tsc,except inetal 13..97 h.1.00 3.66 3.38 3.28 3.23 2.89 3.06(y 2.91t 2.7 332 Furniture 1.36 3.1 1. ? 341~ Paper &,1Paper Pruducts ...... 0.20 0.29 0.941 1.02 1.00 1.0.3 1.31 1.28 - 2.80i 2.7 2.5 31t2 Printing & Ptublishiing...... 2.90 2.80 3.20 2.91. 2.85 2.85 3.01 2.87 8.5 9.5 55 InLtilCsiar...... 1.02 5.31 7.03 9.80 9.841 8.j7 9.66 9.16 9.10u 352 Other Chanical Products ...... 353 b/ Petroleun Refineries ...... 3511Z/ Misc.Prod cts of PetroleuLm &- Coal ...... 2.14 2.55" 1.9 2.2 355 Rubber Products ...... o6.86 0O71 MI81 0.91 1.03 1.25 2.67 361 Pottery, Chtina& Earthenware .... 11,65 5.19 6.36 6.95 4.6 4.. 362 Gloss &,Glass Products ...... , 2.59 2.91 3.30 3.30 4i.63 369 Other Non M.etalic Mineral Products 371 Iron & St.el Basic Inductties 2.61 2.68 2.6 2.f 372 Non-Ferrous M-etalBasic Industries .... ( 0.65 1.06 2.17 3.20 1t.21 41,01 2.65, 381 Metal Products, except machineiry ...... 0.82 0.59 0.97 1.05 1.06 1.11 1.37 1.52 1.611 1.9 2.1 382 Machine-ry, except electrical ..... 1.6 1 .7 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, J~tc.. 0.141 0.56 0.57 0.79 0.93 1.76 1.93 1.63 1.57 3.59 3.7 /. 3811 Transpurt EquipmeiLnt ...... 2.73 3.32 2.37 2.52 3.12 3.32 41.05 3.71. 356 Plastic Products 1..0.212.....2.8.3011.....291..0.2. 385 Profesuional. Photographice Goods, etc... ( 1.60 .0 21 .1 .83-431 .130 , 390 Othier M-anufacturing Industries..... 8 8 100.u02 99.9 100c.1I TOTAL 99.98 9 . 1 /c 99.99 100.01 99.93 100.llfp 98.90~ 100.01

a! Data refer to 1955. bi Included in ISI0 361.

c/ Remainder includes non-itemi zed data. M.ot available Source: 1IBRD,Report on Costa RicaMo. CA-7 April 19 71 and Mo. 3610-CRVol. II Mazrch1974. -73-

Table 23.7 Industrial. Structure of Manufactui!in _Sictors in Greece, 1958. 1960, 1963-1970

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Factor Cost

ISICI I NDIU ST RY 1958 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

311/2 Food Products ...... 12.04 12,20 14.-hit 11.67 i/ 13.54 13,51 14.77 14.90 14.4s5 13.89 313 Beverage ...... 4,16 4.03 3.16 3.112 3.55 3.53 3.71 3.63 3.25 3.74 314 Tobacco ...... ,,,... 12.53 10.36 4.ho 6,62 4.86 4.80 4.19g 3.72 3.18 2.58 321 Textiles ...... 21.28 18.80 14.48 17.72 13.97 13.34t 13.90 13.58 13.41 12.92 322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ...... 4 ( 5.37 5.46 6.05 4.94 4.11 324 Footwear ...... 4.37. 3.1 C 7 1.89 3 .38 1.82 1.46 1.75 1.76 1.48 1.46 323 Leather & Leatlier & Fur Products ..... 1.00 1.31 1.74 1.42 1.54 1.47 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.87 331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 1.57 1.74 2.95 1.40 3.15 3.00 3.20 2.94 2.87 3.1.5 .332 Furniture & Fixtures; except metal .... 1.54 1.63 2.69 1.57 2.78 2.71 3.44l 3.39 3.55 2.5t. 341 Paper & Paper Products ...... 2.06 2.68 1.88 2.45 1.95 2.03 1.92 2.13 2.11 1.97 342 Printing & Publishing ...... 3.88 4.13 3.81 3.94 3,41 3.52 3.55 3.45 3.40 3.34

351 Industrial Chemicals ...... lo8 133 7.46 8.30 h/ 8.49 8.37 3.10 2.86 3.45 3.15 352 Other Chemical Products 10.89.10.33...... (3.91 3.94 . 4.37 3.93 Petroleum 353 Refineries ...... ( 0,32 3.69 2.73 2.75 1.57 1.39 1.25 1.13 354 Iliso.Products & Petroleum & Coal 1.82 19 ...... C0.22 0.19 0.36 .) 355 Rubber Products ...... , 1,98 .1.211 1.35 1.53 1.15 1.241 1.27 1.17 1.36 1,12 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... o .62 0.74 0.95 0.99 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ,...... ( 7.02 C6.64 (7.19 . (8.74 (8.24 ( 7.75 1.26 0.92 0.85 .1.01 369 Other Non-Meta'lic Mineral Products ,...... (( 5.84t 6.18 6.07 6.11. 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... ( 1:24 (1.41 1.30 1.19 1.40 2.28 2.56 372 IJon-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .... 2.99 3.0 0:55 4.28 0.11.66 2.47 2.82 3.72 5.25 381 Metal Products, except machinery...... 4.32 4.61i 6.39 3.97 6.56 6.79 6.57 6.21 6.41 6.66 382 Machiinery, except electrical ...... 2,17 1.82 2.96 2.80 2.99 3.06 3.20 - 3.14 3.21 2.73 383 Electrical Machinery, apparat-us, etc. .... 2.11 2.79 4.14 5.90 4.liS 4.47 4.-94 4.94 . 4.83 4.89 384 Transport Equipment .. ... ,...... 3,30 4.14 6.15 5.79 5.73 5.59 3.31 5.00 3.62 4.09 *356 Plastic Products ...... ,...... (. (( 2.03 2.40 2.14 385 Professional Photographic 2.07 Goods, etc.,....( 1.24 C1.58 C2.45 C 2.34 C2.52 C2.76 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.32 390 Other Manufacturing Industries .... C...... o.64 0.85 0.83 0.85 TOTAL 100.01 99.98 99.04 2' 99.99 99.15 2/ 99,19 2/ 99.99 100.01 99.99 99.84

a!Mfg. of cooking fats is included in 351, 352. b/Mfg. of cartridge & projectiles i.s included in 381, c/ Remainder includes mifg. of made-up textiles, goods and repair of footwear which is not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1970 -unpublished data obtainied from thie1J.N, Statistical Office, New York. -74 -

Table 23.8: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in India, 1960 196,-1 68

Percent Distribution of Gross Valni' Add-.1 aL Current FacLor Cost

ISIC. INDUSTRY 1960 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 19681

311/2 Food Products ...... 13.69 10.28 10.19 10.61 11,23 9.56 9.27 313 Beverage ...... no o...... 034 0.36 0,50 o.65 0.58 0.52 0.62 314 Tobacco ...... -... 2.31 1.91 1.71 2.30 2.01 2.19 2.80 321 Textiles ...... 29.71 26.51 26.16 214.26 22.106 22.98 22.29

322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ( 0.15 ( 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.16 3214 Footwear ...... ( 0.25 0.13 ( 0.31 0.11 O.)i) 0.13 0.18

323 Leather & Leather & har Products ...... 0.46 0.28 0.32 0O33 0.144 0.36 0.39 331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 0.88 0.66 0.67 0.78 0.65 0.59 0.63 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except mnetal .... 0.I2 0.114 0.101 0.149 0.119 0.43 0.881, 31R Paper & Paper Products ...... 2.07 2.18 2.09 1.86 1.89 2.08 2.a1 342 Printinig & PublishinFg...... 3.06 2.69 2.149 2.76 2.1h2 2.57 2.63

351 Industrial Chemicals .0...... 65 12.69 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 8.51 9.47 9.48 9.59 10.15 10.65 12.69

353 Petroleum Refineries ...... 2.16 ( 2.06 354 Ilisc. Produc:ts & Petroleimn & Coal ,, 1.83 1.77 1.36 1.07 2.00 ( 0.29

355 Rubber Products ...... 2.45 2.35 1.88 2.16 2.16 2.03 2.816

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware...... ( ( 0.31 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( 4.57 4.38 8.23 4.25 1478 -53 ( 0.60 369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products ( ( 3.18

...... 9.59 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries (. 8.89 11-39 ( 114.314 10.8123 9.16.7 10.081 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Pasic Industries ,,.. ( 1.92 ( 2.20 2.35 2.67 1.90

381 Metal Products, except Machinery ., 2.714 3.36 2.90 3.614 3.13 2.98 2.83 382 Machinery, except electrical ...... 3.79 5.17 5.87 6.32 6.22 6.72 6.50 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc.,, 3.37 14.02 4.l)h 14.97 5.13 5.58i 8.91 384 Transport Equipment ...... 9.41 9.00 9.314 10.15 9.91 10.01 9.20

356 Plastic Products ...... ( ( O.63 0.62 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. ( 1.30 1.60 1.60 1.69 1.29 ( 1.36 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... ( (

TOTAL 100,01 100.02 100.02 99.98 L/ 99. 98 a/ 100.01 99.99

a/ Remainder includes repair of footwtear and manufacture of made-up. textile goods, (except wearing apparel) wThich is not itemized.

SOURCE: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1968 unpublished data obtained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York. - 75 -

Tab.aa 23.9; Industrial Structure of iianufacturing Siectors in Iran, 1963-l971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Prices

1970 1971 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 ISIC

18.33 19.51 21.80 16.21 22,78 20.71 20.11 19.69 18.65 311/2 Food Products ...... 1.85 1.25 1.29 0.79 1.72 0.98 1.60 1.87 1.95 313 Beverage 6.4ls 10.45 8...... 895 8.51 3.91 8.04 8.63 8.25 7.31 314 Tobacco 1hl.16 13.7YJ 22.83 17.k3 26.37 17-93 19.48 17.39 15.24 321 Textiles 9.97 7.11 10.56 11.82 13.2ki 10.01 10.40 10.89 10.51 322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear..... 324 Footwear...... 0.46 2.16 1.09 1.01 0.52 0.41 0.58 0.57 0.52 323 Leather, & Leather & Fur Products .... 1.91 1.71 5.67 6.90 3.28 3.23 3.18 2.65 2.16 331 Wood Products, except Furniture ...... ( 332 Furniture & Fixtures,except metal.... 1.11 0.21. 0.24 0.52 0.46 1.0k 0.51 0.70 0.86 J41 - Paper and Paper Products 1.57 0-93 0.72 1.15 1.50 1.92 1.81 1.69 342 Printing aid Publishirg.; 3.33 6.63 7.07 2.61 2.52 3.74 5.18 4-36 4.49 k4.58 351 b Industrial Chemicals ...... ( 352 Other Chemical Pro ducts...... 0.58 0.64 0.01 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.J1 7 0.70 0.62 353 Petroleum Refineries ...... ( 354 Misc.Products, Petroleum & Coal ...... ( 1 2.28 0.87 2.27 0.91 2.15 2.25 2.39 2.56 2. a2 355 Rubber Products ......

361 Pottery, China and Earthenware ...... ( 10.29 7.85 9.07 10.41 8.67 10.16 9.88 9.92 362 Glass and Glass Products ...... ( 7.55 369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products... 3. 1? 0.70 0.73 0.46 0.63 1.9R 2.01 1-95 3.16 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries.... 6.,(j 7.89 6.7k 5.68 6.07 5.74 5.83 5.71 5.99 381 Metal Products, except Machinery ...... 0.68 /a 0.73 0.66 0.71 0.63 0.64 0.67 0.68 382 Machinery, except Electrical k-83 0.95 0.77 2.51 2.24 3.86 3.27 4,02 4.11 383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus etc 8.26 6.50 5.23 6.36 5.83 5.76 7-50 7.67 38k Transport Equipment 5.75 /a ...... 356 /b Plastic Products ...... 1.09 1.11 1.73 1.97 1.k6 1.22 1.36 1.23 1.17 385 Professional Photographic Goods ...... ( 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ......

99.99 99.99 99.98 100.01 100.01 99.99 TOTAL / /b 99.99 100.00 100.00

& ISIC 382 included in 38k. /b ISIC 356 included in 351. ... Not available. Mission to Iran (1973,forthcoming) SOURCE: U.N., The Growth of W4orld Industry Vol. I; and I.B.R.D.: Basic Economnic - 76-

Tal-3.10', ndu,'tri_StructLure of ManufactUr ing Sectors in Israel. 1958, 196o,_1963-1971

Percent Distributionl of Gross Value Added at Current Market Price

1966 1967 I l9- 1969 1970 1, ISIC 1958 19650 1963 196111 1965

10.30 11.01 1.1 J( Food Products ...... 11.10 11.514 11.91 10.66 11.15 11 .514 12.79 ~ 311/2 2.88 2.52 2.47 2.42 2.25 313 Beverage ...... 1.141 3.314 3.20 2.93 2.88 3.014 '55 5.29 3.75 2.98 2.88.7 1.9 35 .376 3.41 3.62 3114 Tobacco ...... 11.16 11.97 816 86 .. 321 Text,iles...... 12.23 lo.68 10.147 10.80 11.11 10..914 3(983.78 2.81 0.93 2.51 2.1411 2.62 2.76 14.29 4.78 4.1 322 pa .- Anvipar-cL,exceLpt footwYear -( 0.2 0.72 0.62 r..,62 0.5? 0.38G 32t FootweLr0.v321..982.61 o.85 07 0.53 0.112 0.40 0.1.6 0.56 323 Leather & Leather &. Fur Products 0.57 0.514 0.50 G.146 0.149 0.118 (555726.8 ( 2( ( 1 -9 ( (1745 2.60 2,51 2.78 331 Wcd Products, except, furniture .... 1117 1.2?' 1.28l VW-riitutre& FLy,tuwe:, except metal (55 57 .8 62 .4 49 41 4S 332 2.32 2.58 2.76 2.35 2.46 2.9U1 341 Paper & Paper Products ... I.....2.28 2.16 2.514 2.37 2.23 3.95 3.87 3.83 3.77 3.-4s 3.27 3142 Printing i Publishing ...... 1.27 14.1t2 3.75 14.i1h 4.09 1.02 3.96 4.50 Chemicals 6.12...6...IaI'..a.8.28 6.52 7.70 7.~68 8. 65 82 351 Industrial 6 _1/a_15/ 7.22 3.5', 'J.70L 352 Oaiier Chemnical Products ...... (.. (3.25 353 /b Pue.rc,Ieiun Refineries ...... 3514 -L, Mis'~. Products & Petroleumi &-Coal .... 2.4~7 2.119 2.47 2.32 2.63 3 5 5 Rubbpr Products ...... 2.56 2.59 2.32 2.37 2.27 2.08 0.70 0.7IF 0.71 361 PoLt.in' China & Eartliewarcu ...... ( (10.79 (9.148 (8.99 (9.00 (8.35 (6.53 ( .47 06 .9 07 36-2 Glasa Glass Products...... (11.214 5210 5.27 369, Other N4on-I4uetalic Mineral Products ((((((((5.04 2.35 2.70 2.12 1.73 1.68 371 Iron &aSteel Basic Industries ...... 2.56 (2.59 2.98 (3.63 3.014 2.838 0.53 0.92 2.10 1.92 1.88; 372 Non-Ferrous Nietal Basic Industries ( .50 0.145 0.52 7.140 7.90 10.14 10.64 10.77 381 N-etal Products, except m,.achinery 7.25 7.23 6.01 6.66 7.09 6.67 5.69 5.67 6.014 5.77 5.56 382 M-1achinery, except. electrical ..... 5.12 5.61 6.31, 6.89 6.69 6.07 6.987 .3 8.44) Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etIc 3.141 3.56 14.58 14.33 14.146 1,.95 5.09 383 9.62 8.50) 7.214~ 6.74 8.58 8.A 3814 Tran~r-ort Equiji'.ent ...... 7.1{0 7.98 6.149 8.29 9.69 2.74 2.85 356 Plastir, Products ...... ((((((2.77 o.ss 0.56 Goads, etc.. 5.141/b (5.93 lb (5.95 (6.035 (6.00o 6.75 (7.17 (8.76 0.142 385' Professio:ial Photographic 3.35 3.43 390 Othier lianufacturing Industries ...... i ((( ((4.19 99.99 99.81 TOTAL 100.01 /a 99. 90 /a 100.02 97.89 /a /c 100.00 99.99 99.-99 99.99 99.97

/a Zxcluffi .G ranufac-asring of explosives and miscellaneous chemical products. 7F ISIC 35,~. and 354 are included iai 385 in 1958 and 1960, and in 351 in subsequent years. Tc Remainulr >;1-.udes non-itemized indus-txies, but nothing can be said about ISIC 353 & 3514.

SOURCE- i'M The Gro,qti of WorI] TndLtstry, Vol. I. siaofceNu,Yr. 1911 5-rA-US!YiTiddshelsnt3're the U1.N. Statisia OfceNwYuk - 77 -

Sectors in Ivory Coastat 19, 1960, 1963-1971 Tabl 23 *11: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Currenit Market Prices 1968/b 1969/b 1970 1971 196 0l, 1963/a i9613/a 1965Lb 1966Lb 196?/b ISIC 1995/s 25.86 23.38 2Ij.88 ( 33.97 ( 31.96 23.57 23.56 24.2,3 24.36 Food Products ...... 37.25 ( 32-93 5.67 5.56 5.52 4 -14 1h.23 311t2 ( ( ( 5-10 5.75 313 Bevera£e ...... ( t/c 3113 Tobacco ...... C ( ( 17.95 17.24 15.03 15.3)i 13-58 114.81 14.93 12.10 12.07 11.86 321 Teiles ...... 11.35 322/c Wearing Apparel, except Footwear. ( 1.80 1.56 -324 Footwear ...... ( 1.91 ( 2.87 ( 3.61 ( 3.42 ( 3.10 323 Leather, Leather & Fur Product s C ( ( ( ( ( Wood Products, except Furniture. C ( ( 15.136 (12.39 ( 10.69 7.55 6.57 331 (18.37 (16.50 (18-57 ( 20.38 ( 13-37 ( 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except MetaL ... (19.28

331/c Paper & Paper Products ...... & Publishing ...... 3 427E Printing 5.17 ( 4.12 ( 4.70 ( 5-17 5.140 5.1L8 17-79 (18.72 (17.17 (17.22 ( 4.46 ( 351/d Industrial Chemicals ...... ( ( ( ( ( ( 352 Other Chemical Products ...... ( ( 19.60 17.68 353/c Petroleum Refineries ...... 35hre -Misc.Products & Petroleum & Coal. o0.90 C.78 Rubber Products 3557d 2.70 -2.50 3617-c Pottery, China and Eartenware. 362re Glass & Glass Products ...... 3697;c Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products.. 1.28 1.72 0.90 0.94 /e /e ( 1.27 ( 1.72 1.0, & Steel Basic Industries /...... e /e 371 Iron 7e Ze 7a ( ( 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries. 7e ..... ( 89.1i9 1.2.06 ( 13.78 ( 12,1( 14.68 5.01 381 Metal Products, except Machirtry 6.37) 6.90) 6.70) 5.13) 5.52) except Electrical.....4...... ( C ( ( 382/e Machineryj, (( ( ) ) 383 Electrical Machineiy, Apparatus, etc . ( 12.37 11.54 11.38 8.99 b3.8[, , 12.71 13.22 4.23 384/f Transport Equipment 1.27 1.15 1.55 1.28 1.38 4.14 3567d Plastic Products I.136 6.90 6.19 6.141 6.55 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. 385n 4.34 3-77 13.91 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... 2.95 94-13j5 l0J.0l lO'.00 100.OoLe 93.63/f 93.68Lf 92.79/f 94.'02/f TOTAL 99.99 100.00 100.00

- a/ Otriginal data are of doubtful reliability. 2,kf C..pured from highly rounded data in two digits. 369 cannot be itemized. ci The dat& for 1SIC 314, 322, 341, 342, 353, 354, 361, 362, and d/ ISIC 355 is included in 351 as well as in 356. e/ ISIC 371 and 372 possibly included in 381/2/3. f/ Remainder includes non-itemized data. a/ Includes "Building Materials" in addition to ISIC 390. 21, 1971, and 296-IVC, Dec. 113,1973 SOURCE: IBRD, Report on Coast No. AW-28, Vol. I, June Table. 23.12: 1nd-strial Str~.cLur,eof Manu,f-~CtUr1n9S'cL.rs in Jzpar,15 9J1d- 7

Perce!ntDiatribution of Gress Va1ue Addca at Current Factor Cost

1966, 1967 1.9L 19614 1. 1971 ISIG 1953 1955 196ti 1963 196:1 I965:

7.11 7.6 6.-65 6.27 6.31 613? 31-1/2 Food Products ...... 6.81 7.37 6.142 7.18 6.9l. 7.23 1.86 2.00 i- 5 1.98L0 1374 1.72 1 . Z 313 Beverage ...... *. 2.61 2.58 2.13 1.93 1.78 3.00 ... 0.52 0.49 0.42 G.49 3111 Tobacc a...... 3.28 3.10 3.120 7.62! 6.93 6 .5-1 6. iv .' 321 Textiles ...... 13.97 10209.3 8.31l 7.86 7.66 7.311. 1.24 1 .' 13 322 Wea.ringApparel, except footwear... 1.514 1.32 1.17 1.28 1.66 1.214 1.30 1.410 0'. 2 0.1 (.16 0. 1t~ t 3 3214 Foatwear ...... /a /a a 0.22 /a 0.22 0).15 0.28 Q0 01 IiLqt1er ',Leather & Fur Products ... 0.214 0.31 0.251 0.36 0.314 0.35 0.33 323 2. . 331 Wood Prodae La, except furnitu're .... 3.143 3.211 2.86 2.98 3.02 3.05 3.15 3.55 3.3 ~ 332 -Furniture& Fixtures, except matal 0.95 1.10 1 .05 1 .)45 1 .1.11 114 155 0.930. .3.06, 3.17 3~ 54 3141 Paper & Paper Produacts ...... 4.62 3.91 3.83 3.67 3.5? 3.56 3.55 14.96 L4.44 4 3 i 3412 Printing & Publishing ...... 5.27 5.17 14.01 14.53 14.-146 14.1 14.71k

(11.28 (11-72 ( .52 (1 -7 (.00 ((I8~O. 95 4; 4L~ j351 Industrial Chemiacals ...... 12.91 8 691; 64 352 Other Chem:cal Products ...... (3(. 1.2 19751 i&9 l'. .60 11.59 3 .43 1.1j 0.2~ 1~.0.1 35L4353 Misc.Peiroleem- Products Refine-ries & Petroleus ...... & Coal (1.60 26 ( .13. 13 1(1 /d Id I .1.1 355 Rub-ber Pre-dacto ...... 1.72 1.01.67 1.59 /3 . 1. 14SI; I.; ((( 9 .16 0' . 0 361 Pottery, Chiina &,Earthenware...... ( 1.01I3 - " Glass & Glass Products ...... 5.145 (1179 C 4.73 C 4.75 ( 680( 4.6 1.9 362 41 .1. 44 3.i~3 369 Other No4tai ineral. Products .. (. ( (( 7.0 ,5 7. qc 6.81 73 7-I 372 Irun-FSerru etl BaiInasicrindstries 9.1 (1~1.22 6.59 9.216 6.89 371 Iron-&Serr etl Basic Industries...... 6 ~ .31.7.7 1.78 1.92 1 ~.9 1.83 - 6.c,'i 6.28 6. 9. 6. '3' 381 Mota-1. Products, except machinery' 3.85 4 .25 14.51 5.4'1 5.-52 .115 5.38 11.18 1. 5~3 12.22 2.3 382 Machiner-y, except electric-al ...... 6.314 8.16 9.22 9.31 9.06 8.95 8.86 9.614 08 I1.3 1 .1 i.7 38 lcrca ahnry, apparatus, etc.. 5.89.514 10.53 I10.8og.613 9.42 9.47 10.20 9.21 9.5116 10.33 9. .4 9.53 3614 Tr. r...... 7.8? /c 10. 61 Ic 9.39 /C 8.72 9.; /c 9-07 1.83 2.04 2.01. 234! Plastic Products ...... (C(CC1.71 35:5 5.11 5.15 / 1.33 1.29 1.1 1.27 14 3.35 Profe!sul nal Ph.otographic Gaods, etc. ( 2.8' ( .00 (4.05, (41.71/d ( 6.86 /d I .811 1.75 iu) 1.C I _ 15 390 Other 4~cuidIndustries (.(..... ( 99.97 10'.0f 99.92 1.' ±T3TL 100.08 iIs/cl 99.92 IflgIc 1001.01NgfSIc 99.77 Ie 1 00. C2/2 /b/c 99.714 Ie 99.72 /e 99.99 If

/a Included in 322. 7-5 includes- sa:lt mining -.nd ~arig 7F Excludes rc-uair of m-atcr vehicle. :7E ISIO 356 i-ncluded 4in 355 and 385,390 combined. 7; Yz:ri--r-.:Lrn~ , msda-up textile is not included in the table.

7-g Excludes repair. of footwear. Niot avsi1,1.le. SC'Tt: ~r;.hN, o ~.rd 1~ ~ Vol. I; 1971 obtiiaed.ta~Li.u3:frju, t1he-14 Statistical Office, l1ei York. -79-

Table 23.13: Izdustrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Kenya, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Factor Cost

19614 1965 .1966 1967 1968 1969 190 1971 ISIC 1963

17.56 15.914 14.75 6.816.72 19.021 25.29 311/2 Food Products ...... 18.82 18.13 (16.34 (i7.16 (i5.oo (14.36 (14 30 10.39 9.89 14.0$I/ 313 Beverage ...... 4.07 4.07 14'35 .3 3114 Tobacco ...... 3.146 3.15 14.214 14.73 7.66 5.85 5.68 6.3 321 Textiles ...... 3.97

(2.72 (4.35 (2.85 12125 1.11 Apparel, except Xootweex 14.21 (4.014 322 Wearing 1.51 1.11 12 -214 Footwear ...... 0.46 0.63 0.148 0.55 323 /a Leather & Leather & Fur Prodchts 2.08 2.15 2.09 2.20 2.38 2.56 2.30 2.li3 2.18 331 Wood Products, except furniture .... o.64 0.70 0.55 0.85 0.95 0.96 1.114 & Fixtures, except metal . 0.32 0.143, 2.0oil 2.72 332 Furniture 2.05 2.02 2.143 2.86 1.96 1.68 1.72 3141 Paper & Paper Products ...... 5.10- 5.02 5.142 5.141 5.32 4.83 4-9 3.145 3142 Printing & Pa.ilishing ...... 5.68 7.03 7.28-- 9.1- 351 Industrial Chemicals ...... (11430 (11482 (13.20 4(76.96.1 Products ...... 9.02 (13-78 352 Other Chemical 6.55 6.0O1.74 5.1 353 Petroleum Refineries ...... Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal .... C 3514 0.79 0.58 0.76 0.91 0.77 1.04 0.96 C'.99 355 Ab Rubber Products ...... 0.75 --- 0.33 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .... C...C 5.78 (6.03 (7.144 (6.76 C6.80o 7.26 (6.69 (7.15 1.07 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... C6.l 369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral1 Products CC(C( C 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... o -- - 7.80 6.509592 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries ... (6.80 5.94 78 9 381 Metal Products, except machinery ..... (C 0.56 1.19 1.141 0.71 .0.90 1.00 0.55 382 Miachinery, except electrical 0.....60 0.58 14.25 14.30 14.148 5.01 5.49 5.51 6.36 5 .58a 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc. 14.82 17.614 16.99 15.81 18.97 11.96 16.26 /b 10.79 114.62 3814 Transport Equipment ...... 20.11 356 Plastic Products ...... o .62 (0.80 (0.82 o .88 C0.714 C 1.02 C1.08 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. 3.1.53 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ..... 99.99 100.00 100.02 99.9!/ TOAL. 0.02 99.99 100.01 100.00 100.00

a/ ISIC 323 included in 355. b/ includes the repair of motor vehticles. --- Not Available Office, Mew York; SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1971 unpublished data obtained fromnthe U.N. Statistical Abstrac,t. 1969. Government of Republic of Kenya, (Ministry of Economic Planning and Development), Statistical -80 -

i--117 Table 23.14i: Thduetij ust ~.r"rtj~j.3JXCr .n-A.

Percent Distribution of Gros.s Value Added at Current M-arket Prices

1963 1961: 1965 1966 1567 1968 1969 191(1 IS'.C 195-3 1958 1960

8.58 2i.1:8 16.75 8.79 8.15 7.09 7.95 7.91 7.29 6.88 311/2 Food Products ...... 13.79 8.10 74 7.30 9.31 9.12 12.85 9.78 8. 85 7.38 8.22 7.54 313 Baverage ...... 7.148 7.26 8. 841 9.67 (9 10.88 10.30 13.68 .. 9.60 8.4:6 8.1:9 .311: Tobacco ...... 11.21 ii.a I l 18.90 17.143 19.01 17.149 15.32 17.99 15-28 15.10 321 Textile:s...... 16.59 18.02 4:.39 3.84~ 2.97 2. M 3. 1o7 5.9 (Q7 2.12 (292.3 3-33 322 Wearing App.arel, excapt foottwear ((0.32 0.1:3 0. L-6 0.31 02 I) 324 Footwear ...... (((0.33 0.20 1.22 0.33 0.19 0.36 0.38 0.29 0.27 0.1? 323 Tzather & .eather &Far Products 2.57 1.31 3,19 1 2.33 3.1:2 3.70 2.1:2 3.53 3.14: 1.01 2.90 33 Wood Productb, excapt furniture- 1.87 2.31 07310 1.13 0. 65 0,52 0.90 0.83 0.72 0.70 0.4?7 ~ 332 Fuirniture &-Fj7turas, excespt metal. 1.87 1.31 2. 'J. 2.03 3.75 14.28 3.4:1 3.97 2.89 2.88 2.43 31:1 Paper & Paper Products ...... 1.4:0 1.92 2.76 3.11 3.73 14.07 5.82 2.96 3.59 2.70 3.12 2.99 3142 Printing & Rublishilng ...... 5.114 9.61 (8.13 9 51 (8.21 0.72 2.92 6.79 5. 9' .9 351 IndustriaLl CYEb;~icals ...... 14: 3.2?7 3s94 9.714 5.37 4JLLL 352 Othsr Chemrical Products...... ( (((7.96 6.s9 14.r14 6.-53 7.10) 1 7( 1(2h 24(7.0 .h .0 .' 353 Petroleum Rafinaribs ...... o (.71.51: 1.69 1.53 1.351 354 Miisc.Products & Petro:iual 4-Coal (11 21 215 ~ ~ 2.93 L4.20 3.32 2.12 2.17 2.19 1.77 1.9'. 355 Rubber Produc;t.s...... 3.50 2.1i2 2.66 C 053 0.33 07. ` ( 0, G~i.f -L & Earth-er.uare ...... C 361 Pottery, China ( 5.69 C 4.96 6.03 ( 8.28 ( 6.73 ( 6.67 1.01 0.73 0.9r - 1.0' 36'2 Glass & Gl1ass Products...... 4.:4 5.16 5.11: 4.83 ,7 J' 369 Other Nori-".Laltzc l{ineral Products ... (CC 2.93 ( Q (5 02 3.65 3.33 3.35 3.25 & Steel Basic Industries .. 070...77..269 92j t.'. 371 Iron 0Q40 0.83 0 .5,3 0.50 0. 5i 11cn-Farrous Hiatal Basic Industries 43 ?.'I 2I 372 2.12 2.28 2.05 2.1:2 2.50 2.1:1 2.55 2A 381 lfetzalProducts, e-xcept machinery .... 1.17 1.50 1., I3', 3.37 2.28 2.81: 2.4:2 2.76 2.80 2.2,5 1.96 ~ 382 liadhinery, eixcept electrical..... 3.01: 3.27 0.81 2.441 2.85 2 96 3.65 2.27 3.1:8 3 f, 3. 383 Iec-Aclachnery, apparaLtus, etc. 0.70 0.65 43 3.26 2.61 3.68 5.38 h;-.. 14.814 6.01 ',~ 381: Transport Equifaent ...... 1.67 3.31 3.52 C(C((0.39' 0.70 0.78 0 bU 3516 Plastic. Prod-acts ...... 2.69 0.214, 0.20 (J.3' G.3 0.? 2.5?7 2.57 ( 2.72 ( 1.63 1.4:5 ( 2.15 C 385, Professional PiioLoodraphic Goods, etc.. C( C .140 2.022 2.10 2.$ ~ 2~ 39c Othner Ma~nufacturing Industries ......

1,00.13 100.00 999.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 9. 1 TOTALT 99.77 /9- 99.97 100.01 100.01

/A Recorded total is 1:.28vhereas the calculated total is 14.27.

nfl12aEj3: L%-, The cro th of World Ind-.stry, Vol. 1~ 1971 unpublished data obitained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York. Tah].s 23.15: industr-lial Structure of Hanufacturing Sectors in West Halswaia. 19660. 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross Value AdiLd at Current Factor cost

ISIG INDUSTRY 1960 i1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

311/2 Food Products ...... 18.82 15.31 114.75 16.8?e 16.141 10.44 16.06 10.61 16.10 114.16 313 Beverage ...... 4.06 5.19 14.10 3.13 1s.45 2.34 4.13 4.14 3.64 3.58 3114 Tobacco...... 1.4.43 5.68 5.914 5.71i 7.06 9.66 6.54 7.98 7.20 7.16 321 Textile s ...... 0.714 1.23 1.23 1.39 1.814 2.18 2.29 2.42 2.29 2.86

322 Wear-ing Appariel, except Footwear.... 0.714 0.00 (0.41 0.00 0.00 -. 0.57 ---. 0.17 1.13 3214 Footwe'ar ...... ( 0.149 ( 0.35 0.31 - 0.11 --- 0.17 0.140

323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products ...-- 0.25 0.20 0,17 0.15 -- .30.17 01 331 Wood Products, ex6ept Furniture.....12.18 7.90 8.81 9.91 8.714 9.81 10.78 11.31 10.00 9.63 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except Metal.. 3.32 2.147 2.25 2.09 1.814 --- 1.03 --- 0.59 0.56 3141 Paper & Paper Prodacts...... 0.37 0.119 0.61 1.014 1.07 -- 0.69 -- 0.176, . 3142 Printing & Publishing ...... 8.249 6.91 6.76 5.39. 5.06 7.17 6.08 5.96 6.19 6.21

'351 Incut.Arial 1hmcl...... Cl214 16.514 (16.60 (13.91 (114.57 (0.93 ( 2.41 1.31 1.53 2.31 352 Other Chemical. Products ...... ((CC(8.72 C 6.65 7.37 7.54 6.1.3

353 Petroleum Refineries ...... -- 2.147 C 1451 (5.714 (5.83 C C 4.59 .4.04 33'- 3511 Misc.Products & Petroleumt & Coa,!--, --- (*. ( --- -(- 3.56 (

6 8 355 Rubber Products ...... 5.514/b 5.i19k 5.33/c 6.2 /c 5.9 /c 6.23 5.85 4.65 4.32 5.(

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... ( 0.16 0.11 0.20 0.08 0.16 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( . 5.514 7.16 7.17 7.148 5.83 --- 0.46 --- 0.34 0.140 369 Other Non-Metallic Mineral ProdcYnts. * 8.41- 6.54 6.87 6.36 6.1i11

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... 3.32 3.95 14.30 14.35 5.52 5.92 2.18 (3.33 2.54 247( '372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries. ... 0.23 (0.25 0.32

381 M's Prdz: exce-pt !4adiirery... 14.o6 5.14 14.51 14.52 3.68 C 4.47 4.14 3.56 14.36 382 Machinery, except Electrical ...... 3.32 3.70 3.118 3.65 3.22 C2.34 (2.87 1.72 2.54 2.6.3 383 Electrical Machi-::ry, Apparatus, etc.. 0.37 1.23 1.02 1,014 1.81, 2.29 --- 2.71

3813 Transport Equipment- ...... 6.27 5.93 5.12 14.52 14.25 C 1.25 (2.18 3.13 3.05 3.1102 356 Plab-tic Products ...... :--- C C (0.92 -- 1.103.3 385 Professional Photographic Goods, et ( .21 (2.147 (2.87 C 2.1411 2.30 C 75 20.81 1)2lid 390 Other Manufacturirg Industries ...... C24.45 ( *s. (11.69

TOTAL 100.02/b 99.99/c 99.97/c 100.00/c 99.95/_c 100O.01 100.01 99.99 99. 611 I k;.:,.0j

a/ Preliminary Estimates h/Possibly footnote c/ applies c/Excluding processi7ng of natural rubber both on and off estates. --Not available

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. 1; 1971- unpublished data obtained from the UN. Statistical Office, New York. - 82 -

T_blc 3,316: Initiust.riI_Str'ictu2e of ¶b,uf cl.utt,rlur, Sc(.tet(!s J nI, iuxi r.O1

PEereent r,i' t il,t0I ltin of Gross Valtie d1:li, at CturrenLt Mlarlet Price's

ISIC 156(! 1963 196k 1965 1966 1967 1I Vi,

311/2 Food Products ...... , .( . ( ( 313 Beve(rage ...... 31 .2? 29. (28-57 (26.91 (25.95 (214.82 (214.7? C7-17 314 Tobacco ...... ( ( ( (

321 Textiles ...... 322 VWearing Apparel, except Footear... 324 Footwear ...... 15.97 1h.-11 15. 5 16.87 16.03 19.03 1>.12 20 .th 323 LeAther, Leather & Fur...... 6 331 Wood Products, except Furnitu-re .. (...6. ( 6.97 ( 7.47 ( 7.23 ( .112 C7.00 ( .$z C (5.1 332 Furniture & F:L%tres, except Metal... ( ( ( ( ( 3141 Paper & Paper Products ...... ( ( ( ( ( 342 Printing & Puhlishing ...... ( ( ( ( ( (

3 5 1 /a,/b Industrial Chemicals ...... ( ( ( ( (

352TT Other Chemical Products 951(9...... 9-23 ( 8.54 ( 8.147 /b ( 8.75/b ( 8-5eLŽ C ,.4V

3 53/ Petroleum Refineries ...... ( ( ( ( ( MI;Misc.Prodiects & Petroleum & Coal- ( 15.7 ( 16.kd ( 15.33 (114.7k (13.90 (1IJ.13 (i.2t; ( t.

35!,/b, Rubber Products......

361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... ( ( ( ( ( ( G6?Glass & Glass Products ...... 3-17 3.52 ( 3.61 ( 3.83 (h1.27 (14.33 C 14.1414 C 14. 369 Other Non-Metallic EIneral Products. . ( ( ( ( ( (

371 Iron & Steel Bristh Industries.... ( ( ( ( 37? Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries.... ( 5.25 5.05 | 5-.08 5-03 ( 5.140 5.09 r ,, ( r tijg 31 Meta Products, except Machiiery . . . ( ( ( (

382 Machinery, except Electrical t ( ( ( ( ( ( C 383 Electrical Machinery, Apparatus, etc.. ( 12.5B C114.47 ( 16.35 (16.93 (13.28 (17.014 (18. i (17.6.

384/c Transport EquipTment ...... 3'Arb6 Plastic Products ...... 0 ,nc Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. 39cT-c Other Manufacturing Industries.

'TOjL' /a/b/c 1 00. 00 100.01 1 00.00 100.01 1 U .0 1C. I it.7. .0 ? 1C

a! Part of ISIC 351 & 352 combined with ISIC 353 & 354. This m.ay include crude oil. bj ISIC 355, 356 combined with ISIC 351 & 352. cl Data for ISIC 384, 385 & 390 cannot be itemized.

V"'C: IBR), Report onr: ico, No. CA-14a, November 15, 1971. -83-

'Table 23-.17: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing'Sectors in Pakistan, 1958. 1960, 17614-196,8. 1970

Percent DiEtribution of Gross Value Added at-Current Market Price

1510 1958 1960 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1970

311/2 Food Products ...... 12.014 8.514 16473 114.86 17.21 18.38 14.50 114.99 313 Beverage...... 0.314 0.39 0.86 0.98 o.86 0.94 0.58 0.60 314. Tobacco...... 5.38 5.31 8.014 7.76 9.31 10.44 8.146 7.96 321 Textiles...... 45.94 142.59 33.86 31.59 30.00 30.47 -31.29 32.38

3 22 Wearing Apparel, except footwear.....2.13 /a 2( 7/na 1.52L/a 0.114 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.014 3214 Footwear ...... - 20 _(2.02 1.03 0.22 1.02 0.08 323 Leather & Leather & Fur- Products 1.37 c.814 1.41 0.93 1.13 1.06 1.32 1.95 331 Wood Products, except furniture ...... 0.26 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.15 0.8 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 0.34 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.19 0.221d 0.24 0.12 3141 Paper & Paper Products ...... 2.73 2,20 2.60 2.27 3.02 1.21- 2..00 1.31 3142 Printing & Publishing ...... 3.16 2.39 1.146 1.142 1.36 1.42 1.63 1.148

351 Industrial. Chemicals ...... (803 (8-67 (12.23 (12.81 /b (10-75 lb 13.25 h4.05 3512 _352 Other Chemnical Products ...... , 3.33 2.34k.2 353 Petroleumi Refineries...... C 0.97( 0.01 ( 4.13 2.99 3.55 2.22 7.98 351 Misc. 'Products & Petroleurm & Coal . ( C((0.02 0.02 355 Rubber Products ...... 60 /a 0.39 Ia o.141 /a 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.73 2.06 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... 0. 16 (0.17 0.19 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... (3.76 (5.214 (2.82 (3.03 (3.59 0.40 (0.141 0.3$ 369 Other Non-l4etalic Mineral Products ... ( (0.34 (2.88 3'99

.371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... 3 59 2.52 (2.7? 2.92 2.56 2.68 2.88 2.39 372 Non-Ferrous M4etal Basic Industries .. ((( -0.06 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02 331 Meta-l Products, except machinery ..... 3.25 3.88 2.18 2.30 2.13 2.18 2.27 1.81 382 Machinery, except electrical ..... 1.79 2.114 1.52 1.51 1.141 1.57 1.514 1.21 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus' etc. 2.13 1.88 2.69 2.7 2.63 3.15 3.7 333 3814 Transport Equipment ...... 2.65 2.91 2.51 2.90 3.5o 2.83 3.214 1.39 ?356 Plastic Products ...... ((((/ b01 .01.514 O5 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.(.2(66. 6.11 C 41 .00.22 0.440.33 390 Other Manufacturing Industries .. (.....C0.52 L7 ~ 3.89 TOTAL 100.25 Ic ioo0.o6 100.03 100.00 99 99.9 99 998

a! Rub)ber footwear is included in ISIC 322 and 324. bi ISTO 356 included in 351. C/ Actutal total is Rs. 1,174 mtllion, whereas recorded total is Rs. 1,171 million. d/ 1,'n'tfacture of metal furniture.

,;oPRCE UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1970 unipublished data obtained frointhe U.N. Statistical Office, New York. -814 -

Table 23,18: Industrial Structure of 1{anufacturing Sectors lin Peru, 19§633j197

Percenit Distribution of Gross Value Added at Currenit Niarket Prices

ISIC 1963 19614 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971{

311/12 Food Producets ...... 29.67 26.33 214.18 25.21 25.59 25.00 24,37 214.11 15. 20L 313 Beverage ...... 6.814 8.16 8.61 8.111 8.67 7.76 7,89 6.5o60, 314t Tobacco ...... 1.23 1.06 1.101 1.72 2,06 2.21 2.73 2.26 3.11 321 Textiles ...... 11.67 10.14o 12. 21 10o.80 9.143 9.149 8.40 8.146 14.314

322 W4earing .pparel, except footwear 1.77 ( .0380(32' 30 ,11.91 1.34: 324 Footwiear ...... ( (3.0 10(6 0.S9

323 L.eathe~r& Leather & PaurProducts ... 0.72 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.70 0.61 0.58 0.72 1.56 331 Wood Products, except furniture .... 0.71 0.914 0.99- 1.-06 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.12 0. 2 332 Fu~rniture &FliyLw-es, except metal .. 0.96 1.18 1.26~ 1.15 1.23 1.61 1.60 1.147 0.95 3141 Paper & Papier Products ...... - 2.67 2.38 2.20 2.145 2.69 1 .69 1.20 2.20 0.82 3142 P-rint-ing& Thublisl&ing ...... 2.89 2.69 2.82 3.065.7 2.78 2.84 2.85 2.37

361 Industrial Chemicals ..... ~6990713...... 0.. 1011111.57 362 Other Chemiical Products .. (...... (.... 6.6. 353 Petroleiuu Rufinuries ...... 6 (2 (7 .7 2( (7 7 C -2 5,97 5.36 3654 Prod-, Is & Petroleiu,i & Coal 2.2.663 6.1 3.9 .0 .177.11.7 0.09 355 Rubber Products ...... 0.87 1 .01 1.142 1.75 2.12 1.96 1.94 - 1.77 2.2 3 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... C ( .82 0.53 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... 4.15 4.62 5 .17 (5.16 5 .214 14.114 4.33 0.56 1.01 369 Othier 11on4Metalic, Mineral Products ... ((( I 16 ~ 1.011

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industr-ies ..... 13.64 (12.02 C8.614 7 66 7 .42 7 .81 9.70 5.147 1.17 372 lion-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries .. (((((((..2.60 38 etal Products, except machinery ... 2.61 2.142 2.614 2.91 2.66 2.61t25528 2.68

382 Machinery, except electrical . .... 2.16 1.96 1.86 2.16 1.99 2.07 1.97 2.147 2.11 38.3 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc. 0.78 0.99 1.08 1.60 2.19 2.314 2.66 2.79 3:16 3814 Transport Equiprm-ent ...... 4.148 3.80 14,15 14.12 14.62 3.654 3.80 3.73 2.65

356 Plastic Produclts ...... oa 3 865 PrafessioILal Photographic Goods, etc.. .. 3 1.9.217.. (28 C29 ~ ( 30 0.06 .0 39 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... (..I( ( . ( 9 03.8

TOTAL 99.99 100.01 100.00 99.99 99.99 99,99 99.99 1.3100

Noatavailable. SOURCE: UN, The Gr3Wth, 3f locrld Industry, Vol. 1 i90and 1971 unpublishied data obtained from the UN Statistical Office, New York. -. 85

Table 23.19: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in thle Philippines. 1958, 1960, 1963-197-1

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at Current Prices 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 ISAC I N D U S T Rt Y 1958 1960 1963 19614 1965

25.76 25.85 23.74 26.77 27.5Y Food Products ...... 25.146 27.57 27.89 28.20 23.25 21.147 331/2 9.91 8.69 9.09 8.45 7.95 8.11 313 Beverage ...... 8.35 7.66 7.146 8.144 9.36 7..785 14.82 14.13 14.31 5.27 5.23 4.61 14.82 8.26 6.66 14.53 3114 Tobacco ...... 14.314 6.26 6.16 8.75 321 Textiles ...... 5.89 5.79 6.69 5.80 6.27 5.914 14.48 0.92 0.58 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ..... 322 2.68 7.00 6.146 2.19 0.16 0.10 32ki Footwear ...... 4.114 3.714 2.78 2.146 2.77 0.29 0.214 0.23 0d17 0.34 323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products.... 0.21 0.145 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.29 14.61 5.02 4.59 14.114 14.27 331 Wood Products, except fuZtnifurne.... 5.33 14.25 5.08 5.35 5.314 5.75 0.90 1.56 1.145 0.58 0.39 0" 332 Furniture & Fi-xtures, except metal 0.91 0.91 0.77 0.91 0.80 2.58 2.23 2.29 2.56 3.17 2.8;' & Paper Products ...... 2.03 2.61 2.27 2.26 2.39 3141 Paper 3.142 3.1t2 2.89 2.514 2.66 3142 Printing & Publishing ...... 3.86 3,146 3.07 3.51 14.09 3.39 2.71 2.56 Industrial Chmaicals ...... 351 12.146 10.10 10.10 11.71 8.55 8.140 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 8,56 9.142 8.1414 10.00 31.12 a....a!...... (/ ( b/ b/ (7.09 6.10 353 Petroleum Refineries / 52 02h (.6 3514 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ..... 'El 'El (.1 3.77 It1.16397U 3.29 3.26 2.66 3.03 2-2? 355 Rubber Products...... 3,30 3.18 2.85 3.15 2-.88 3.29 0. 36 0.314 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware ...... 14.13 14.75 5.141 5.30 14.29 14.53 4.96 1:L80 1.92 362 Gless & Class Products ...... 3.86 3.63 2.86 369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products..... (1.96 .6& .9 093 0.70,8 Basic Industries .311616 .121 1.0- 371 Iron & Steel 2 51627 092 00 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Indlustries ... 1.33153 1416o 2021649 14.91 6.914 6.39 4.52 2.118 3.1i 38'± Metal Products, except machinery 1...4.91 5,50 3.91 14.06 14.514 ~ ~ 0.714 1.25 1.30 0.85 0.88 0).97 382 Machinery, except electrical ...... 2.10 1.87 0.91 o.614 0.66 14.13 3.61. 3.18 3.24 3.5/1 39.95 383 Electrical Machinery, apparatus, etc .. 1,26 3.06 14.146 14.56 14.16 3.58 2.97 3.09 3.14 3.27 3.18 3814 Transport Equipment ...... 2.66 2.~95 5.145 14.95 3.71 90 1.15 356 Plstc rodct...... (0. .o. -)6 35 latcPrdctf...... 0.1/ 1.53 1.29 c/ c/9(0.3o5 02 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ... ( 7.99~t ( 7.49' / (18 1.01 390 Other Manuracturing Industries ... 84..(..1.9..3.02 100.00 100.03 99.98 TOTAL 100.00 99.89 100.01 100.01 100.00 99.99 100.00 99.99 a/ ISIC 353, 3514 are included in 385. !I/ ISIC 353 and 3514 included with ISIC 381.

0/ISIC 390 included with ISIC 371 and 372. SOURCES: IBRD, Report on Philippines No. EAP-16a, August 10, 1970; UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I; 1971 unpublished data obtained from the U.N. Statistical Office, New York. -86-

Table. 23,20: Indutstrial Stru~cLure of Manufacturing~SectLrs in Sireapore, 1963-1971

Percent Distribution of Gross VueAd.dd at Current Factor Cost

ISIG INIDUSTRY 1963 19614 1l965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Yuli

Food Prodhucts 311/2 ...... 7314 8.05 8.87 8.33 10.32 9.70 8.00 6.714 6. 55 3113 TBeraCC ...... 7.91 6.96 7.514 7.19 5.97 14.63 3.58 3.10 2.14' 313 Tberacc ...... 6.58 7.145 7.35 6.17 6.17 3.51 2.72 2.22 3.70 321 TexNtilE-s ...... O6 / 0.93 1.0% / 1.75 2.33 ?.L." 322 Wearing Anpp.rel,except footwear ...... 1.43 3.40 3.23 (2.13 (2.34 2.13 2.14'i 3214 Footwear ...... 2.53 Er/ 0.66 3355 14 a/ 0.59 0.53 0.61. Leather 323 & Leather &-Fur Products ...... 0.31 0,13 0.33 0.J42 0.146 0.147 0.37 0.27 0.21 331 Wood furn~iture Products, except ...... 4.83 5.614 5.36 5.614 5.37 6.73 5.84 5.32 14.71 332 Furn-iture &-Fixtures, ex-cept m-etal 1.65 1.68 1.141 1.5.5 0.93 1.141 0.87 0.97 ..F 3141 & 5 Paper Paper Products ...... 0.73 0.82 1.08 1.09 1.1.5 i.1414 1.23 1.0;6 1.(f( &- 3142 Prin,ting Publishlji ...... 10.50) 10.29 9.61 8.7.7 7.72 5.87 4.84 L..5?14dI

351 Industrial Chericals ...... 0.84 (61.20 3.4.145 F(((4.80 3,27 3."2" 352 Otlher Che rical Prodirts ...... 2.3358 13.75 16.156 .2 1h;6 .353 Petrolemi Refineries ...... ( 3 (1 -4q 157 C . 354 Misc, Products & Petroleisa & Coal .. (...... ~ 1 7 5 5

355 Rubth&.-1roducts ...... I...... 12.985 7.92 5.-86 6.29 6.68 6.21 7.18 L4- 6 L4.1.

361 Pottery, China &-Earthenware ...... -4 ( .40C.1 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... 8.61 ( 7.12 C 6.52 C6.50 ( ' 14.414 2.13 ( .I 369 Other Non-4Mfetalic Mtineral Products CCC(3.76 (2 .50,

-371- iron r&Steel Basic Industries ...... - 5 .03-13 -43.18 3.3`6 2.85 1.~551, 372 Non-.-rroto Metal Blasic Industries ......

381 M-etal Products, c:.:cept r-achinery ...... 7.314 7.78 8.15 6.143 6.56 6.814 6.2a 6.38 5.23 382 Machinery, except electrical ...... t 2.148 2.014 2.140 2.69 2.896 2.79 2.32 2.148 2.35r 383 Electrical machinery, a-ppara ui, etc. 3.32 3.23 3.07 3,11 3.22 2.714 5.67 11.26 12. 39 3814 Transport Eqim. t...... 7.1 0 8.61 7.214 7.147 8J06 10.fy5 14.87 114.10 114. 53

356 Plastic Products ...... 0.78 (0.85 1 -(6 1.35 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ..... 1.89 C 1.91 C 2.146 (2.32 C 3.43 0.07 ( O-U0 .390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... 2.3.C2.3 TOTAL 99.95 99.98 10.3 99.99, 99. 3 ~ 99.99 99.99 V100.00 59~.92

a / 1966 and 1968, l4fg- of irade -up textile goods except wearing apparel is included in 1I1I3 322.

SOURCE: UNf,The Cro.rh of Vorld Tndustrv,Vol. I; 1971 unpubli-shed data- obtained frc-i the U.N. Statistical Office,lfew York. - 87 -

Table 23.21: Industrial Structure of Manufacturing Sectors in Spain, 1963-1921

Percent DistrLi*Ltion of Gross Value Added at Current Factor Cost

ISIC 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 196a 1969 1970 1971 311/2 Food Products ...... 6.67 313 7.142 /a 6.76 6.85 8.79 8.71 7.76 Beverage 3.39 9.07 8.31 314 3.50 3.54 3.60 3.83 3.76 3.35 Tobacco ...... @ .;.,...... 2.00 3.35 3.21 321 Textiles 1.80 1.98 1.90 2.10 1.99 2.08 2.04 1...... 14.21 13.05 1.93 11.86 11.12 10.63 9.39 9.67 9.41 8.87 322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear . 2.63 324 ( 2.74 3.26 3.36 3.12 2 97 3.10 Footwear . 1.61 ( 3.36 1.48 1.56 1.78 2.00 2.00 2.07 1.65 323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products 0.97 0.90 331 Wood Products, except 0.91 1.70 1.17 1.35 1;64 1.50 2.50 furniture 1.69 1.42 /b 13 332 Furniture & Fixtures, 1. 1.53 1.95 2.11 1.64 1.31 2.2h except metal 14.42 3.88 79 3.88 341 Paper & Paper Products ..... 4.02 4.62 4.54 4.02 3.79 3.7" 2.47 2.31 - 342 Printing & Publishing 2.03 2.79 2.83 2.74 2.84 3.25 4.04 ..... 2.84 2.71 2.89 3.06 3.33 3.35 3.01 3,20 3. 91 351 Industrial Chemicals ..... ( 9- 80 149 352 Other Chemical Products .... .( (10.79 5.87 6.42 6.47 6.50 6.18 ( ( ( 14.87 353 Petroleum Refineries ...... 5.o8 5.33 5.39 4.95 ( 74 266 3.01 ( 2.85 354 Misc. Products & Petroleum & Coal ( ( 1.74 1.78 1.60 1.31 1.02 355 Rubber Products ( ( 0.52 0.143 0.28 0.54 0.5? ...... 1.78 1.70 1.87 2.02 2.05 2.34 2.42 '2.54 2.63 361 Pottery, China & Earthenware .( 362 Glass ( ( ( 2.19 2.014 1.89 2.02 1.93 & Glass Products, ...... 7.09 ( 9.94 ( 7.47 369 Other Non44etalic ( 7.94 1.62 1.62 1.50 1.60 1.61 Mineral Products ( ( ( ( 4..14.95 4.76 5.07 4 98 4.6'. 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries 6.42 ( 7.31 372 Non-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries 5.34 c /c. 2.00 u:12 1.74 2.17 2 '0 2.79 381 Metal Products, except machinery .... ( 2.79 2.61 2.45 382 Machinery, ( ( 8.014 8.38 8.95 8.65 except electrical (114.814 /e 8.55 383 (15.57 (16.83 /e (16.76 /e 3.75 3.33 3.61 Electrical Machinery, apparatus,etc.. ( ( 3.33 3.23 384 Transport Equipment ( 5.12 5.82 5.89 5.69 5.58 ...... 9.15 9.07 9.21 8.61 8.96 8.31 8.91 8.33 8.79 356 Plastic Products ...... /d 385 /c /d /d 2.141 2.89 3.22 3.33 Professional Photographic Goods, etc. 7e 7& 3.17 390 Other Manufacturing 7a 750.57 0.67 0.71 0.59 0.74 Industries 218 /d 2T9 /a 270 /d 2.76 /d 0.39 o.46 0.47 0.49 0.52

TOTAL 100.01 100.20 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.98 lOO.09 /f 99.99 /f 300.0? If

/a Manufacturing of ice is included in ISIC 390. Other figures in this row might have the same qualification. 7; Manufacturing of wooden crates and packing cases and some other wood products is included in 332. Other 7-3 Cannot be itemized. figures in this row might have the sane qualification. 7U ISIC 356 included in 390. 7j ISIC 385 included in 381. I Total excludes ISIC 371. ... Not available.

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of Wiorld Industry, Vol. I; 1971 unpublished data obtained from UN Statistical Office, New York. - 88 -

Table 23.22: Tndustrial Struoture of 1Thnufacturlre_Soctors in Thailand, 1960. 1963-1970

Percent Distribution of Cross Value Added at Current Prices

ISrC TINDUSTRY 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

311/2 Food Products ...... 33.13 35.10 30.50 28.76 28.23 28.53 25.76 21 .55 21.90 313 Beveragp ...... 8.77 9.65 9.449 8.89 9.143 9.13 8.92 9.38 1t.18 3114 Tobacco ...... 114.74 12.33 11.73 10.20 10.03 9.79 9.8), 9.23 9.11 321 Textiles ...... 1..4.79 6.01 6.73 6.96 6.63 6.16 6.20 6.46 7.50 322 Wfearing Apparel, except footwear ... 8.06 5.97 6.20 5.68 6.31 6.22 6.38 14914 4.89 324 .nL Footwear . ... ., ...... e...... o.o 323 Leather & Leather &SFur Products 00O. 048 0,32 0.29 0. 28 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.72 0.63 3j1 lWood Products, except furniture .... 3.86 It.43 4.147 14.148 3.71 3.70 3.80 3.149 2.78 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except netal 1.39 1.22 1.30 1.38 1.88 1.88 2.12 1.50 1.165 3141 Paper & Paper Pruducts ...... 0.28 0.25 0.29 0,140 0.39 0.31 0.33 (3-7h 0.74 !1i2 Printing & Publislhing ...... 4.00 3.37 3.81 3.53 3414 3.35 3.59 2.52 2.39

35L Industrial Clemicals ...... ( 7.46 6.112 6.82 6ho48 5.86 6.05 6.1to 6.11 6.75 ;52 Othe' Chemnical Products ......

393 Petroleum Refineries ...... i62 5,44 5.39 4.89 5.18 7.41 7.hh i5! , Misec Prockets & petroleias & Coal ...... 1414 iJ; Rubber Products ...... 0.84 0.75 0.68 1.0)1 l.(5 0.99 1002 1.58 2.11 361 Puttery, China & Earthentware ... ( 362 Class & Glass Products ...... ( 401 5.45 5.47 5.33 5.92 6.16 6.51 6.55 6.53 3'o)9 Other ';on-lletalic Minera. Products ...

371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ( 0 140 0.30 0.36 O.114 0.o47 0.148 0.60 1.46 1.55 J72 lion-Ferrous Metal Basic Industries.

38 1 Metal Products, except machinery ...... 7.77 1.014 1.13 1.25 1.31 1.33 1.111 1.77 1.99 32 Macthinery except electrical 0.50 0.83 0.95 1.11 1.30 1.148 1.76 1.93 2.2L4 183 Elsetrical macmihery, apparatus, etc., 0.61 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.914 1.01 1.114 1.37 1.44 3814 Transport'Equipment ...... 1914 5.01 6.39 6.314 6.12 6.89 7.11 5.90 6.2.3 356 Paastic Products ...... ( ,t35 Professional Photographic Goods, etc ( 0.97 0.814 1.00 1.1& 1.28 1.36 1.l13 2,08 2.26 )90 Otler marnuf'acturing Industries ...... TOTAL 100.03 100.00 100.02 1GO.02 99,99 100.02 9 9 .8 0 b/ 99.g9 100.01

a! Pata for ISIC 324 cannot be itemized. 7Z Rv"eiainder includes non-itemized items. . ot available

8 SOt'!2CE TBRD, _p-rtj on iheila,id, No. EAP-15n, Vol 111, Auguist, 1970, and 2a - Tll, Vol. II, March 2, 1973 4 Table 23.23: industrial Structure of Manutfacturing S~ectnrs in_Tunisia. 1960. 19 ~z?197

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added

19614 1965 1966 196? 1968 1969 1970 197j. ISIC I ND U ST RY 1960 1963

17.68 15.01 13.149 114.214 12.00 12.54 13.39 Ld 14.62 Id 12.5? 311/2 Food Products ...... 8.55 11.53 6J10 6.i1 ...... 49.69 5.17 14.89 5.38 3.93 6.141i 313 Beverage ...... 23.16 19.58 22.146 26.51. 22.89 23.98 21t.21 3114 Tobacco ...... 23.72 19.81 12.88 12.9? 8.38 7.45 4.84 9.01 Textiles ...... 5.36 5.23 7.95 321 1.72 1.114 2.33 2.83 2.74 4.83 2.1,8 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ..... 0.68 2.53 322 0.93 1.38 1.Ih4 1.58 1.36 1.32 1.73 Footwear ...... 19.33 1.68 ( 2.00 3214 0.149 0.04 0.65 0.85 0.68 /e 0.80 /c' 1.00 323 Leather & Leather & Fur Products- ( 0.514 ( 2.30 1.-13 1.53 1.53 1.76 331 Wood Prodctcts, except FUrniture.... . 2.014 2.82 2.59 2.86' 1.2? 0.714 0.49 0.91 0.14 332 Furniture & Fixtures, except mwŽtal.... .C 6.13 1.76 1.63 2.18 2.82 2.141l & Paper Products ...... Ia 0.314 0.60 1.69 i.55 3141 Paper 1.614 1.214 2.03 1.98 2.33 2.63 2.33 3142 Printi;'.g& Publishing ...... a 1.143 2.29

Ind4'istrial.Chemicdals...... 351 10.56 114.77 11.02 16.914 10.71 10.40 10.45 1.6 352 Other Chemical Products ...... 3.07 114.09 0.25 C9.17 (3.87 (3.71 C2.66 (3.140 C 264 3.52 (0.91 353 P~_itroleumRefineries ...... (... (( 3514 Misc.Products & Petroleum & Coal ... 1.43 1.31 / b/ /b /b 0.20 0.9 1.22 355 Rubber Products ...... 0.33 0.95 0.78 0.90 1.01 361 Pottery', China & Earthenware ...... ( C9.814 (6.20 (8.23 (10.30 0.314 0.13 0.40 0.6] 0.70 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... 7.82 6.65 8.01 7.53 7.99 Other Rion-Metallic MinearltProducts ...... ( 369 1.1i8 0.08 0.143 1.57 2.35 3.13 1.58 371 Iron & Steel Basic Industries ...... 0.17 2.7P 0.145 3.07 1.45 0.81 0.141 37? Non~-FerrouisMetal Basic Industries...... 1.143 (0.73 3.76 2.99 3.78 (2.19 (2.149 C 2.09 C 2.23 2495 381 Metal Producets, except machinery'.... 3.91 C (10.141 11.07 9.214 8.17 ((C( 382 Machinery', except eleen_rdeal...... 1.28 1.65 1.59 1.96 Machinery, Apparatus, etc.. 3.68 C1.22 383 Electrical 0.92 0.68 1.17 1.24 3.57 3814 Transport Equiptrent ...... 0.30 0.143 0.53 0.64 2.12 Plastic Products ...... 6 356 0.86/b o .67/b .. . 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. 7. 7/a ( 1.1414/b ~5L ( 0.84 0.52 0.71 1.57,332e 390 Other Manufacturing Industries.,... 99.97 99.98 100.03 ITOTAL 100.00 100.01 ldO.02 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.914

a/ ISIC 341. 342 and 355 included in 390. b;/ ISIC 355 is 'tncluded in 385 and 390. c~/ Remainder includes 10.43 percenr for construction mat-rials which.cannot be itemized. dl Olive oil manufacture is included in item 351. eI Tanneries and M4orocco - leather industry only.

..Not available

SOURCES: UN, The Growth of World Industry, Vol. I. 1971 unpublished data obtained from UN. StatistiCal Office, New York. -9U

Toble 23. ?1, nl..d ..1r Structrt of-J,,J,'o-ttif1 -'r ct iii 'IJrIx, 1956 I',, P.6 .2 2563 i'.-

10I"-'rurt Ilie.' t r -'I'sl CIo I'l , '.UT a t Curvttnt I'~ .

311/2 Food Prudue:ts ...... 17.72 1 j.97 28. 38 19 ?,I 22-.ve¶" 1 7. 1 1 1) .91 1I 6 3' 313 B1evn-i'ige ...... 0. 60 0.29 2. 1 2.2311.kJ1i 3.11 h.Yi 2 .9" 314 Tobacco ...... I....7 .1 1; 30 6.. ' 6.62 9 1 5.43 16.i 9 .: 321 Textlles ...... 39.26, l2.19 2'. 21 .6' 1I 1 1t: .0) 14 il li:.tif:

322 .t. rWu,evx,pt footwear ( ~1 i* 1'O1(( 0.4 11I

323i Leather &Lit*r& Mir Pr-ducts .... 101. 01 .1 9 u 1-... i"

331 Wood Probw:t!., except1 furniturem... 1 .32 2.i54' 1' 1 I 1 C .~. 0. J 332 F'urnit t vItureo&1iCUiX,uxiknL nl('otal . 0 330.8 U.1 f)A 1".1A i. 3L1 Paper Ft Pua.er Prodhucti...... 0.13 0. 3)0I .1"" .7 11 ' 364,2 Prirnting & Puhi b: iL ...... 2, 3.-68 .1' . .f. 1) -31 In-dustrial Ch-&mlca1'3...... , 3)2 Otl.er p.ridductt;...... (1. 1.6 6u ~ K.;&t 3935- ...... ~:ri U .(2 .26((1 .7 1 * Px51ct. & 1Petuoluq!% & U,o:al ... (( .( J. i 3 o5 Itubbur Pro:ductsa...... 4.7 3.0'7 1 .35 1 .01 c.. .1 .2 . 4

36. Pottery, Chbinia & Earthenwuv'u ...... p '' ;. 3 Glaso & Glass Pr.... r...... (6.o 9( 6.0 ( f ~ ( .2 ( .,K) '' 620* 3%9 Other Io-4tlcMineral Procdacts ((((((2. 9'S f.i

371 Iran & Steel Basic Iiidusifries 0..6... I6kJ169 ( , I .d7A5' " 372 Nun-Furiou., !fu,tal Fasic- Irnduotrie; .. 0( ( (6.8. 2.3i ( .1 7 1 .0., 3631 Metal Produc.ts, excE'pt machinerly ... 3.66, 3.96 It.o8 6.15 5. 14 6.6 4.ky

3 LI2 Machinory, "-x-ept electrical ..... 0.83 1.69 0.79 2.64 2.6 2 .2:) 2.11, 2 . 2. c'f 0: Electric,al :3"y apparatus, etc. 0. I 3 1 .06 0.9. I.1 1 .9 .1 7 1 -I 386 lrai-epurt, IKqui.nehui...... 0.33 0.68 3.3 3.01 26160 2.~

3566 ls Prodicts ...... !1, 38 r 'cl]iuay 1 lcGoods, etc,. 0. 83' 0.87 0.62 0. 6, 1 .l( .8 c. * 390u Other Ywuo.ufactur.ine Industrius ...... ______0.19 ~ .. i'

T,OTAL 100.,16 /a 99.p8 99.96 10.0 1)c 9.9 /b9 /b 9/b ).) 9).'; l's

/a Actual ttat -fs 61- whereao the recordt,d total i,s 60k. __ ir J ci.udks rnz.ltacLurn-r,~of rtuptextile goods' whiich ar, *L itemize!d.

SOURCE: (IN, The o,.".,f'dMrld Tn1Lntr's, VTcl. I. 1970 unpublished daLa bair,od frou. L'N Statistical Office, Nc-. York. - 91 -

Sectors in Venezuela,-1960 63-1970 Table 23.25: Industrial Structureof Manufacturing

Percent Distribution of Gross Value Added at 1968 constant prices

1967 ' 968 1969 1970 1960 1963 1964 1965 1966 ISIG 20.11 19.96 19.68 22.72 21.98 21.66 21.15 20.41 21.95 7.33 7.68 7.8X; 311/2 Food Products ...... 7.61 7.43 7.12 7.142 7.30 ...... 9.03 4.37 l4.33 4.21 313 Beverage 4.96 4.68 4.70 4.57 1.147 .... 5.23 4.56 14.52 4.48 314 Tobacco .. 3.2 4.29 4.38 4.18 4.04 4.52 321 Textiles ...... (l.9 4.08 4.09 4.26 4.19 (4.08 4.2 4.17 (416 322 Wearing Apparel, except footwear ..... 0.55 0.514 0.51 0.1-r 0.72 0.56 0.72 0.49 0.55 & Leather & Fur Products 0.92 0.97 0.96 0.93 323 Leather 1.09 0.93 1.02 0.97 0.95 except furniture 1.72 1.74 2.06 2.04 331 Wood Products, 1.92 1.81 1.68 1.68 1.72 Furniture & Fixtures, except metal 3.62 3.69 3.89 3.75 332 2.71 3.36 3.58 3.53 3.63 Products 1.98 1.99 2.014 2.02 341 Paper & Paper 2.21 1.95 1.92 1.89 1.98 342 Printing & Publishing 8.30 8.98 8.68 8.75 6.06 7.27 8.09 8.19 8.28 351 Industrial Chemicals ...... ( Products ...... 352 Other Chemical (10.26 89.72.93 9 14.05 t12.58 (11.92 (11.65 (11.11 .97 353 Petroleum RefineriesPetroleum ...... & Coal (1.5C 2.43 2.112 2.38 2.34 3514 Misc. Products & 2.23 2.30 2.35 2.414 2.45 355 Rubber Products c ( China & Earthenware ...... (5.59 ( 5.54 (5.26 ( 5.23 361 Pottery, ( 5.87 ( 5.02 (5.17 (5.31 (5.63 362 Glass & Glass Products ...... ( C ( ( ( ( ( C 369 Other Non-Metalic Mineral Products 3.39 3.65 3.81 ( .0 O 070 ( 2 2 ( 22 2.58 Industries ( 371 Iron & Steel Basic 0 2 2.30 Metal Basic Industries 3.65 3.74 14.13 4.51 372 Non-Ferrous 3.12 3.04 3.29 3.141 3.57 381 Metal Products, except machinery 0.56 o.6o 0.65 0.67 0.31 0.39 0.40 0.48 0.53 except electrical 2.28 2.33 2.35 2.40 382 Machinery, 1.92 2.011 2.09 2.12 2.25 Machinery, apparatus, etc 6.54 6.51 6.79 6.32 383 Electrical 3.64 4.32 4.96 5.73 5.89 384 Transport Equipment

Products ...... ( 7.314 ( 7.11 ( 6.97 C 6.70 356 Plastic ( 9.18 ( 8-144 ( 7-98 ( 7.59 ( 7.53 385 Professional Photographic Goods, etc.. ( ( ( , ( ( ( 390 Other Manufacturing Industries ...... 99.99 99.99 99-98 100.00 100.02 100.00 100.02 100.00 100.00 TOTAL

Dr. Rafael Caldera, to the National Congress, SOURCE: Third Message of the President of the Republic, Venezuela, in 1971 (in Spanish).

4 TadLe -:'t26: T~d.uL-rial SltrctsirL of' Haumt 2 Ym si,l 3 ,1-i255sI '9c~sI

Percent Distribution of Cross Vlaue Added at Current MarPet Pricees

31 /2 Thud Prrstzcts ...... 6.96 ( /7 ?&B ( 6.33 C 6, 7 .n; 6.3 /9 5.53 5.9' 4. 313 Beverage ...... (..... ±-4k 1.73 .8 1.5

3 ..... T aa ...... 1 3 6.31- 27 -~ C 305 2.50 2.16 2.24-

321 ...... (1...... 026 J 21 9.9U 9.68 - 322 'LzAp&~;-l , except £clctwcar- - 34. e732 2.71 8~ .~1 32I ~ : r...... ((23 2I'.j .. 91- . 323 Leath, Leahter &Far Pt-adatt ...... i 67 1.4 5

331 tcd Prcdacta-, except Rxtraituire .... C 7.18 ? 22I 6.93 7 " ' 7.-23 C 81. 41 . 332 :m'r re &FixtaLreos, eXCep~t Mea..CCC 'd .> 3.5 ... Psg.&...... 2.6.2.1. 2.76-, 2 2'..212 2.16, 2' 38 6Ptbl is~' rz...... 1.81 1. .. 3 1.t-- C .J4.86, 5.38 ..

C...c.ls ...... 6.1.1 {,62.9 7' 1.($ 3 > 47?78 4.83 L-.345( ci.ct ...... I ( 3 38-9 3. 3 3.66

-F etrcl~uzn Re~finrie~as ...... 3.....3.6i5 . A, 2.-8 . 5.L6 ( 5.382 5 .11.4,a !4isc.PrGcSŽcts, ?e~I.. Coal ......

35.5 1;atber Rrrcncts ...... I9' 1.5 2.36 2 '; 23 2.2 2.33 24f3 2.24 1.9 1.9:

Pztey,Clna a. :Earthew.crare...... ' I-571 0.53 0.51 0.53 t Glass, & lass frb-t-ts...... c 5 V ' 2 v.-i 5(.12 -. .83 0.87 0> Ct.r7sS"t:C '-. a rs;cs... C3.82 3.87

371 Irzn sr.d SteealBaisic Inff;strit-s ...... t.... 3.81 3.5 3.72 372.5 U:.Yr. Y etal Basi-c Indiastires-. . .. 55 5.oi 4.21 3. ;

(2ta-' (7.;59 5.5? S 64 -'.MachfrcEry, excep,t Eiect.r.ca± 5.32 5.2 J '

leti alR5 sciArerjy, Apparatus, etc. 6.23 6. '..' 7 '? 6.17 6.5.56 7.-24 7.85 .6 2ramnTzt Ejzipnent ...... 2 /9"6 1.P19 j 219 . ~ $ 99 00 .8 95 PlastcFxctac ......

.. c-ralPtc"r 3c.78 2 r 0.7 Ct?:.a .SsS-a ctu-r in- I d s r e 2 .32 2 .1 9 ' 6.8 1 .237 1. 315 (. ; . .45 u. 5 t

80.25 !c 103.0 1 09 0 100 01 130.00 88.02 Ic 99.99 9y>'.» 99.V S '9 163.I

4 a 1S1C 356 included in 351. hi 1S10 352. 384 except s33!ir n earr,and 385 included in 381. c/ 7,.en!der, in-clules scn-itemizedl industries. Not available.

1971 unpisb.isted darn cbtair.ed fron, Lm2statistical office, N'ewYork. -93-

Statement . I - Def>riti=ons of Manufactured, SerriT- n&ifactured anE Pr u Es' Z/a

A. Definition of ports of Maznu,facctures

Total A is defined in terms of the SITC (Rev.) classification as the sum of the following items:

Section 0. Food and Live Animals

012 Meat, dried salted or smoked, whether or not in airtight containers. 013 iMeat in airtight containers, not elsewhere specified (n.e.s.) and meat, preparation, whether or not in airtight containers. 032 Fish, in airtight containers, n.e.s. and fish preparatnons, whether or not in airtight containers (including crustacea and moll'ses). 04O Meal and flour of wheat or of meslin 047 MYeal and flour of cereals, except meal and flour of wheat or of meslin. 048 Cereal preparations and preparations of flour and starch of fruits and vegetables. 052 Dried fruit (including artificially deliydrated) 053 Fruit, preserved and fruit preparations 055 Vegetables, roots and tubers, preserved or prepared, n.e.s. whether or not in airtight containers. 062 Sugar confectionary and other sugar preparations (except chocolate confectionary). 071.3 Coffee extracts, essences, concentrates and similar preparation of coffee 072.2 Cocoa powder, unsweetened. 072.3 Cocoa butter and cocoa paste. 073 Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa or chocolate, ne.a. 09 lascellaneous food preparation (margarine and shortening, food prepar ation n. e . s . )

111 Non-alcoholic beverages 112 Alcoholic beverages 122 Tobacco manufactures

Section 2. Crude materials, inedibe except fuels

231.2 Synthetic rubber and rubber substitutes 23'.3 Reclaimed rubber 231.4 Waste and scrap of unhardened rubber 243 Wood, shaped or simply worked 2)L402 Corkc in blocks, p.a,tes, sheets or strip, etc. 251 Pulp and waste OaDPer 266 Synthetic ;Find rcrgererated (artificial) fibers t t67erie2s Ž t Z f.?.brf-cz (i3im-er rESc )

tH~~~~~r Ani: 17..'.r....?2;, -- ;. .'zo^ - ne :'Ni.~, -~~- o

szu--.obr- P1 o-r-:of ! e -C.. nu*-dO-> z,2 Mb¢x-/ - 94

5 Chon'.ic al s

lesj 5113.65 Aluninuin oxide and hydroxide

Sac>Ion 6. -tanuf'actured Goods ClassLfiad Chiefly by Material 6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material

16o7 l-'j=ls and precious and semii-precious itones, unworkod or worked.

16 31 Silver, platinum :s and other metals of the platintrn group gr2.l .Cospar and alloys, whether or not refined, unwrought, 633.1 Nic'kael and nick-al alloys, unwrought LO63. I.ad and lead alloys, un'WrDL.oht 6806.1 Zlinc and zinc alloys, unwrought 6"87.1 Tin and tin alloys, unwrou,;nt 689 31iscollIanaous non-forrouis ba;s "netals empleoyod in tLlurjy Sciction 7. Ma.chinery .and Transport -luiumront

7 Lacn-iriery and Transpor t equipiInent F711 b/ Po grenerartn,,g rlchins:,y other than electric

l735 / Ships and boats

Saction 8. Mascel1.anoouarI;nu.factured Articles 8 Miscellaneous manuTfc tured articles Soction 9. Co.mi:od-ties and Trainsactions not clasoified Accordin2 to Kind 951, 0 Firears of war and ammunition thriorefor

B3 tefinitLon of F.x.ort.s OL Sem:L-Y1nUf,c.t.UrPS (Total B - Total A)

!;ot;al A (manIL4'actures as defi±wod abcvrut) + tlhe stic .-manaruf:c l,urcos as rlefined brlo

Lic::.Lon 3. Ii:p:rii T-uhels Lub-:i.arlns, andc T,e1Lbed I-lat"ils

3 31 .012 brolo.zi, Pco 2)a.-tjly r'Ž'in-ci (inci.ud%n:' to - pet1I) u0-< 33 Pet.rolulu? rAM.l 3l C_,.L,, Tran-c ecer 351 Fl ec tric eDnergy7 - 95 -

Section 5. Chemicals /c

513.65 Aluminum oxide and 'hlydroxi.de Section 6. Manufactured goods classified cliiefly by materials

681 /d Silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group

682.1 /c Copper and alloys, whether or not refined, unwrought 683.1 77 Nickel and nickel alloys, Linwrought 685.1 7J Lead and lead alloys, unwrought 6861 77 Zinc and zinc alloys, unwrought 687.1 7c Tin and tin alloyc, unwrought 689 M4iscellaneous non-ferrous base metals employed in metallurgr

Oection 9. Commodities and transactions not classified according to kind

961.0 Coin (other than gold coin), not being legal tender

C. Definition of Exports of Primary Products (Total Mrchandise - Total B)

Section 0: Food and Live Animals

001 Live animals

011 Meat: fresh, chilled or frozen

02 Diary products and eggs

031 Fish, fresh and simply preserved

041 Wheat (including spelt) ard meslin, unmilled 042 Rice 043 Barley, unmilled 044 Maize (corn), unmilled 045 Other cereals, unmilled

051 Fresh fruit and fresh or dried nuts (not including oil nuts) 054 Vegetables, fresh, frozen or simply preserved (including drier leguminous vegetables); roots, tubers and other edible vegetable products, n.e.s. fresh or dried 061 SLgar and honey

071.1 Coffee, areen or roasted, and cof^fee substitutes containing coffee. 072.1 Cocoa beans, raw or roasted 074 Tea and mate 075 Spices 08 FeedLTh stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals)

Section 1: neverages and Tobacco

121 Tobacco, unmanufacuured oeC t o o2: Cride .,Isateria3ls -nedible, E:ceept :ueis

' It Hides and skins (except fur skins), undressed 212 Dar skins, undressed

221 Oil-seeds, oil nuts and oil kernels,

231, Natural rubber and similar natUral gums

241 Fuelwood and charcoal 242 WoJood in the rough or roughly squared 24h401 Corlk unworked, crushed, granulated or ground; waste colrk

261 Silk 262 W,lool and other animal hair 263 Cotton 264 Jute 265 Veigetable fibres, except cot ton and jutDe

27 Crude fertilizers and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious s tones)

28 NIetalliferous ores and metal scrap

29 Crude animal and vegetable mat rials, ne .s.

Section 3: Iiine -r'- ;ls, Lubricant-s cxnd Relaheed K-,aterials

32. Coal, coko and brisOrrK-t;:,!.s

C. .8rCode-f4 .voleian.

Sect,ion 4: ani l ;n3.2 -,etb'ule Oils n.d UIats hl s±nLraI oils and fats

L2 F'fxed vegetable oils and fats

Section 6: 4aznufactured Goods Classified, Chiefly by lMateri4als

667 /- Pearls and precious and semi-precious stones, urrworked or workcd

68101 /^ Silver,, ;orked or partly wonced. - 97

o KThnd Section c. Comm,odities: an1Gd Transactions :not Classified AccordingE cats) 9il1 AniLmals, n.e.s. (including zoo ani1als, dogs ana

to kind) and /a SITC Codes 911 (Postal packages not classified according are not classi- 931 (special transactions not cl-assified according to kind) fied; herice, are excluded from this statement.

Lo Only in developing countries' e)Torts. be included; /c When ccrputing 'Lotal B directly, the whole section 5 can included. similarly whole itenms 682, 683, 685,686 and 687 can also be Saudi Arabia, In the Western Asian countries (Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, /d or partly Syria, and Yemen)) exports of item 681.1 (silver, unworked in primary worked) should be excluded from sepmi-manufactures and included products. Economic Class II Note: Developing countries as defined by the UN, namely, countries, or all countries except the following: Japan, Class I: United States, Canada, Western Europe, Yugoslavia, Australia, New Z'.ealand, and South Africa. Rep., C0ass TTI: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Gennany, Dem. Hungary, Poland, Ramania, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, China (Mainland), Mongolia, Dem. People's Republic of Korea, and Dem. Republic of Viet-Nam. 1970 Review Source: UN, Trade in Manufactures of Developing Countries, (June 19$71) pp. 1 and d. - 93 -

A. Manufactured Prcduacts (Total A)

012 055 266 65 687 .2 013 062 122 267 66 /b 688 032 071.3 231.2 43 67 69 046 072.2 231.3 5 /a 682.2 7 /c O47h? 072.3 231.4 61 683.2 8 0LI 073 243 62 68h 052 09 2L44.02 63 685.2 053 11 251 64 686e2

B Semi-Manufactured Products (Total B-Total A)

33-1.2 341.2 513.65 682.1 68`.1 67 .1 332 351 681 /d 683.1 686.1 O..

C. Priimaa- Products (All Merchandise-Total B)

2C O 07L1 231.1 261 3)1.1 011 0L5 075 2) 1 265 41 02 051 08 242 27 ' 25; 1.21 2h4;.1; 28 )4, 061 211 281 29 '711 7: O! ... 21? 2 32 32 . W 22.1 2v3 33301

/a Excludln;, 513.65 to In developing countries (as defined by the UN), exports of SITC 667 are considered primnary products.

/c In developing coiimtries (as defined by the UN) exports of 711 and 735 are considtricd irr'av products.

/d In tihe r!es-tern Asian Countries (Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen), exports of' item 681.1 (silver, unworked or partly worked) should be excluded from semi-manufactures and included in primar,y product,s.

Sour-ce: Statement Ir. - 99 -

of !SIC (Rev.2) -th Statene ELi:7.. Cciparison of Major G-cups

-or Corresponding Ka Revised 1 Group Revised 2 ISIC Code beverages Food products 20 Food mfg. except 311/2 312/a Vegetable & animal oils & fats.

313 Beverages 21 Beverage 314 Tobacco 22 Tobacco 321 Textiles 23 Texetiles 2Lk;/b MIade up textile goods except wearing apparel

Wearing apparel except 322 W.earing apparel except 243 footwear footwear leather & fur 323 Leather, leather & fur 29 Leather, products products

324 Footwear 241 Footwear Wood except 331 Wood products, except 25 products, furniture furniture & fixtures 332 Furniture & fixtures, 26/c. Furniture except metal paper products 341 Paper & paper products 27 Paper & publishing 342 Printing & publishing 28 Printing, chemicals 3j1 Industrial chemicals 311/d Basic industrial varnishes & lacquers 352 Other chemical products 313 Paints, 319/e Miscellaneous chemical products refinery 353 Petroleum refineries 321 Petroleum products of Miscellaneous products of 329 Miscellaneous 354 coal petroleum & coal petroleum &

355 Rubber products 30 Ruibber products china, earthenware 361 Pottery, china, earthenware 333 Pottery, & glass products 362 Glass & glass products 332 Glass -. 100n -

.vised L 'Grc3D eveised 2 ISIG Code clay produrcts 369 Ut-er non-metallic 33' Structcura.L mineral products 334 Cement (hydraulic) 339 Non-.netalL4i c mineral products n.e.c.

371 Iron & steel basic 341 Iron & steel basic indus- industries tries basic 372 Non-ferrous metal basic 3L2 Non-ferrous metal indust>ries industries except 381l Metal Droducts except 35 Metal products machinery machinery

3-82 Machinerxy except electrical 36 Machinery non-electrical

3,33 Electrical machinery, 37 Electrical machinery, apparatus, etc. apparatuis, etc,

384 Transport equipment 38 Transport equipment

356 Plastic 'Products 399 Industries not else-j'iere classified

385 Professional photographic 391 Professional, scientific, goods, etc. measurinig and controllizng in- strriments, parts {' a

390 Other nianmiacturing industries 394 Jewiellery & related articles 395 Musi cal instrumen ts 399 Mfg. industries not elsewfhere classified

/a Included in 352(RevO2). included 70 P.-Gined non-item-ized, since the remainder 24-241-244(Rt'v.l) also 242(Rev.1) Repair of footwear. 381(Rev.2). /c Includes metal furniture & fixtuares iWhich should have been meshed with /T Plus a small part of 319 (misc. chemical products). A' snmall part should have been included in 351 (Rev.2). of Scurce: UN, indexes to the International Standard Industrial Classification All Econoiic Activities, Statistical Papers Series M No.4, Rev.2, Add.l (1971) Spp. 41-45. 2 v. ra .>?-a 4 gM.n4{T1*X<*-,,> J, ',.LC'--' 2o"e- -oS:.'C ¢a ______rj

'cc -rss a.u. e;ai:sh".ents.1/ ,Tina (.haiwanr), ur.rXia, -ioli-via, Bazil, Canada, .. Iran, Ireland, sp.3ei. * reece, H{citi, Hungary-v, 'iii, Germany - , ), 21-ta Egy_pt, -ast (Sarawak halaigasy -ep., 3alaysia apan, {ui,ait, 7xemTourgv Norway, tloland, ?or iuga L, Net.herlands, New Zealand, ;ozaxiZnbjue.., Tunisia, UC, Mauritius, MIfrica, Spain, Sri Lanka, *Sria, ?ouerto Rico, t.hodesia, South Zambia. USA, UrlJugusy, VIestern. Samoa, 2/ 5 or more persons engaged. Covers estaolishnents with Uor'.:)ir'cs' osa -Rica, Cyprus, Denmark, ,°'*1 geria,usLrPija, Ctio,o].cno'ia, Hondua',s, Israel vth,ior-i, tunland, Gwatemala, ::""YCu, cuador, 1 Salvador, Ne'ieGuLinea, Peru, ,-.li'pp-n*e 1East (Sabah), F-anazma, LP--paa '.012a - tRep ot', Malraysia Yemen DemocraTic mLepticslic. Son'.ali., *Sweu.den, Swit ;..rland, en-aged. 3/ wIth 10IO' o oi ' persons ,;. C'Ov1rs "si.ali.sbm.nts Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Iot'rocco, Germany - Fed. ,Rep., Indiia, and Chi41l.es. 'Tanzania,, Thailand, 'frbnidad Ai.gerla, Pakistan, Singapore, Swaziland, ?orhgo; Turkey, Uganda. engagred. b,/ ahn.ents with 20 or more persons ; . overel s estabJli Arab ftep., Italy, ikalawi, Sudan. Ghana, Hong Kong, v"Zenya, L-by-,ran available. number of persons engaged is 5. AJlnost no information on the - rarnce, 'iialaysia (West), Mexico, .3elgium, ?ulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, USS;, yuaoslavia, Zaire.

i -

or more persons engaged. Nelw Zocalond, covers establi.shmaents writ;h 3 E&ypt, 1/ Ireland w.th 2 or iaore persons engaged. and NTovi-. cover esstabljishments in the private sector. with 10 or morp persons engaged coVer.i elsoaoli.shments persorns .Cor 195 -;l and 19-; establishments with. 10 or more h'reece covers South Africa covers only private or more persons for 19o3-6.4. for 1970. -and 30 establishments with 20 or more establisuments. Ijx.emoourg covers with 7 or more person.s. 2/ E2c'Lador covers esttaolishments or more for 10L3. Morocco aovers coviers *estaolishment 8 with 5 10-50 3/' Jord:3n persons and 501; o.i those with all establishanents with 50 or more Dersons. and 1907 50 or more persons (for 19o63 K2enya covers estab.ishments, with persons). Ghana covers establishmnents establishments with 5 or more with 30 or more persons . \t ol. 7 'ovld Thdu s Lt7l t;L7 Solrc:t): TUT, jrowth o - i02 -

5:a 2e-r, \ Grou-inzs o0 Coun.r'S byr i7oe oL Tr±dstrinlsassi- fication used in C-ene-ral Induszriall 3-a->-istics

A. The original data were in ISIC (' -ev. 1 or Rev. 2)

Austria, China (Rep. of)J Ghana, Haiti, Hong Kong, India Western Samoa

B. The original da ta were in ISIU (1.ev. 1 or Liev.2) sultect t.o so!7"e minor qualifications

3olivia, Costa Ecica;cuador, CGuatenala, -Tamaica, {Corea (.tiepiublic of), Hvala,r .,.lta, Panama, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela

C. 'Die origirz' 1 data -werpe in national industrial classificaTion which is comparable witlh ISIC (Riiev. 1 or :Rev.2)

3'azil, C'.anada, Chile-a-, Colombia, Cyprusi-, Denmar'k, Dominic,an .-. reulblic, gpt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, iji, Fi nland, Greece, Honduras,*, Iran *, israel, Jordan.*-, k\enya, I ioyNran xralb Je-.rueblic *, Luxembourg, .1alag7a.si Republic*k, Mlalaysia East (Sabah), 5.r'a1-rsia ,East (Saraz.k)-, 11-1alaysia Jest, Mau2.urituis, Morocco Mozambique*, Netherlands*, New 7ar,± ,Ti,ri-i*,,J-d, WorwTayia-*, ,?k'1i'Estan, PeruI , ?h ip -od-sia,:-s, Sin,apore, Saroalia, South Aftrica*, Spain, Sri Lanlka, Swreden, SwTitz-rl-a2cl, Syrian Arab Republic, ThaiQd rPirdidad and [o;:s 1o **t'*, Tuz>ce, Untct States LTruguay*,-, Yenen Derrocratic Kepulic , , 'a.Jre, aa'Z .

Y* 'Th.e original dal-a were i national induLstria'l classific-altion wlich is no& strictly compara1ble to ISIC (Rev. 1 or ;Rev.2), out is adjusted to rZ,po cgw'ni. ISIC ( tiev.l or Jrtev.2)

ALlgeria, Australia, Belgiu-m i,*-,3 Bu.lgaria, Czechoslovakia*-^7ff-,, German Democratic -?epublic, Hu-ng,r-ji Iraq,,,-, ireland-*, Japan, Kuwa.it, Papua New Guinea. Poland, For tmral, Puerto Rico, Romiania, Ttunisia, U.S.S.R.

D. The origiaal data were i-n national indusTrial classificati.on wHci:h can hardly be reconciled with ISIC (Hev. 1 or Rev. 2).

.Agrntina, France**, GemaanBr (Federal Republic of>)Mg*, Italy, Mexico, Sudan, U.K., Yugoslavia. 1/Discontinued alter 1970 edition of the source. ' Possibly overestimates the- a,.grw1gate manufacturing sector.

w41- Possibly underestima oes t-he e ,cute mar;r rauacting sector.

i-ne rxc6ture of error resultring fromn incor,n,,arable class-ification is notb kno-m.

Source: -: Growth of' W,orld ndu-stry, 1971 ed., foIL. I - 103 -

tV1: EMazmVacturardCoun'tr'r Notes 17cZ aa'd Sei-manuafactured E:,-or`ts Dat-a

Note: Each country note is split into paragraphs 1 and 2. Notes in paragraph 1 relate to 1960-1969 data, and those in paragraph 2 relate to mnore recent years. These notes are basecd on the various issues of UN: Trade Year- book, and indicate important exceptions to the general defiitions of trade in manufactures given in Statement II.

EAST AFRICA

Ethiopia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants, related materials) - included in Total B, and 6 (manu- factured goods classified by material) included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 03, Oh, 05, 06, 07, 09, 11, 112, 122, 2, 3 (except 332), 7, 8, and 9. Kenya: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 032, 047, 048, 052, 062, 07, 09, 1o 2, 331.02, 341.2, 35, 123, and 9 but includes 667, 711, and 735. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. Malawi: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants, related matertals) - incluided in Total B, 7 (Machinery and transport equipment) included in Total A. SITC Code 68 (nonferrous metals) is not available; likely overestimation of Total' A.

2. Total B excludes 0, 2, 3, 43 and 9 but includes 667, 711, and 735f. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. Reunion: 1. SITC Code 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) is not broken down - included in Total A; also no break- down for SITC 71 - excluded from Totals A and B. 2. Total B excludes 0, 122, 2, 3, h, 8, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

Somalia: 1. In the years 1966 and 1967 SITC Code 032 (fish in air- tight containers, n.e.s. and fish preparations, whether or not in airtight containers) is included in 031 (fish, fresh or simply preserved) excluded from Total A and B. In 1969 exports SITC Codes 032 (fish in airtight con- tainers, n.e.s. and fish preparations, whether or not in airtight containers), 6 (manufactured goods classi- fied by material) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) fell considerably. Sudan: 1. No breakdown -7or STC Codes 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants, related materials) - included in Total B, and 9 (cc.T.odvi- ties and transactions, n.e.s.) included in Totual A. Exports of the latter fell significantly. in 1969.

2. Total B includes only 332. No other breakdown is given.

Tanzania: 1. Conmorises Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The 1960 figure includes only Zanzibar. 2. Total B excludes 012, Oh, 062, 07, 09, 231 24'.02, 251, 263, 267, 7, 8, and 9 but i nciludes 513.659 321, 331.01 and 3411.l. Total A includes 513.65.

Uganda: 1. No breakdown for SiTC Codes ( chemicals), 7 (machineryi- and transoort equipment) and 9 (commodities and trans- actions, n.e.c.) - all included in Total A.

2. For 1970 azid 1971 Total B includes only 682.1. For 1972 Total B includes only 122 anid 6. trade Zaire: 1. (Fon7merly Congo Leopoldville). 1960 data excludes of Katanga and South Kasai. In 1968 no estimate for SITC 243.3 (lumber, non conifer) which is now impllcitl- included iLn Total A. No estimate for SITC 5 (chemictala) in 1966 and 1967. Tn 1968 exports of chemi-cals dim.inished to almost one thLrd of 1965 ex'oorts.

2. Total B excludes 01, 039 04, 05, 06, 09, 1, 244.02,, 25 , 266, 267, 3, 43, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Total A includes 681, 683,1, and 685-1.

Zambia: 1. No breakdowm for SITC Codes 5 (chemicals) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - all included in Totals A and B.

2. Total B includes only 111, 112, and 6 including 667. Total A includes 681, 683.1 and 687.1.

WEST OFRICA and 1966. Camerooin: 1. West Cameroon exports excluded from 1960, 1965, No estimate for SITC Codes 267 (waste materials from textile fabrics, including rags), and 711 (powe-r generating machinery., other than electric) in 1960I The former implicitly ncluded and the latter excluded from Total A. No breakdown for SLTTC 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials) and 9 (commodities and 'transactions, n.e.s.) - whole section 3 included in Total B and 9 included in Totals A and B. Central Afr. Rep. 1 No breakdown for SITC Codes 5 (chemicals), 6 (maiu- factured goods classified by material) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - all included in Totals A and B. 2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 23, 244.02, 251, 26, 3, 68 and 9. Chad: 1. In 1960 SITC Codes 012 (meat, dried,salted or sraoked, whether or not in airtight containers) is excluded from Total A, but 711 (power generating machinery, other than electric) is included in Total A. No breakdown for SITC 6 (manufactured goods classified by material); whole section includ.d in Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 013, 032, 04 05, o6, 07, 09, 1, 23, 243, 251, 266, 267, 3, 43, 5, 66, 67, 68, and 9. Cong; 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) in 1960 and 1965 - excluded from Total B. 2. Total B excludes 01, 03, 0h, 05, 07, 09, 1, 23, 244.02, 251, 26, 331.02, 341.2, 351, 43, 68, 8, and 961. Dahomey: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 3 (mineral fuels lubricants, related materials) - included in Total B; 9 tcommodities and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and B. 2. Total B excludes 01, 03, Oh, 052, 053, 062, 07, 23, 24, 251, 266, 43, 66, 67, 68, and 9. Gabon: 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petroleum, cru.de and partly refined) - included in Total B; and 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and B. In 1969, SITC 5 (chemicals) and SITC 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) fell as compared to 1965.

2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 2 (except 243), 331.02, '341.2, 351, h3, 5, 68, 8 and 9. Gahana: 1. No breakdown for SITC 1 (beverages and tobacco) included in Total A, and 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - excluded from Totals A and B. 2. Total B excludes 0 (except 072.3), 1, 2 (except 243), 331.02, 341.2, 351, 43, 5, 68, 7, 8, and 9. Ivory Coast: 1. In 1960 SITC Code 032 (fish; in airtight containers, n.e.s. and fish preparations, whether or not in airtight con- tainers) is not available. No breakdown for SITC 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A; and 682 (copper) excluded from Total A. 2. Total B excludes 012, 013, 04, 052, 053, 6, 09, 1, 2 (except 243), 3 (except 332), 43, 513.65, 68 (except 682.1) and 9. - 1 o6 -

a. 6- a*;£L 1. Due to li;nadequa.-e L -tion 1960 ma=ufactured expol'vS consist of only section; 6 (mnian' ac-ed goods classified by mateinal). No breakdc.-l-, :or SITC Code 9 (cornmodi- ties and traTnsactions, n,e.s.), excluded from Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 01 04h 05', '062; 079 09, 19 2, 3, h and 9 but' incl-udes 667,, 711 azd 73-5. Tot,'l A includes _513.65 and 68,.

1. No breakdown I-or ST C.desd (;(rtnera1 fuels lubricants., related materials) -. iludedL Tjtal B, 6 tmanufactured goods clarsifie6 y, "atneial) iucluded in Total A, and 9 (commodities and tlansacti±os, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and -0.

2. Total B excludes 013. 0l4. 05,22 053,:3 06, 07, 09, 11,- 2, 3 (except 332); 23.~ 68' -nce. K To.al A includes 513.65.

1. No breakdown tco mfa t-T C'&.c possible overestimation of both Thb3e

2. Total B ;Jr K; >.i,' 2, 3, h3, 5. 8,

Xiger:2 1. No fe--kd',- : . i *-'^. : lubricants and,- eL-.:;.r ztal 3; ad 6 (manu- 9tl d >: *'.- ' { '!.x- ) nluedTotals Ar B. I ';.. ;S. >: ,.oAtra eDble. - excluded £rtttt1 L.-£t

2. Toe-al I - -S );3,''3 -. t 26 *, 3 , 5, 68, and 9.

igeia: 1. No knd;r. ".* bra ?>UiTh ;x.d* I U>>g;-s d tobacco), and 331 ; i , :- 3,:L'' ,->- both excluded f'^*r Totz.'I

2. Total B mlo1 Cx... ii7...- .LL)p; 122, 23, 2b4.02, 25 , ;.i -D(U t : o;Y. { R 7, 8, axd 9..

Senegal: 1. No bre.-Ikdowrn 'r$-TO 'Ic%. 6 32 (3cqj excluded from Total A. In, 19604 6ITC ( . (:;(cremnicals) is excluded from T cF,aI A. 'but 711 (pr g:t I' machinery other thqan eleztilo r-

2. TOta:L B ,;7P :J .2, £. . 0 7, i.S, 7, 09, 23, 2h, 259 26., 331.,02, S 3 : t J2^IucW '6 ' . otal A includ&s 5m6,65.k 68 (-et 682 -. .5nd76T

Sierza Leone: 1. No breakldowiO . for SITG CIM I and. tobacco) and 5 (che 'icals) - a ix T.tjJ t -A at-id B. 2. Total B exclude_ , -: n Th .Ž- 351, L, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Togo: 1. Section 3 is not broken down - incuded in Total 3b also no breakdouwn for SIT: 71 - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 03, O4, 0o, 09) 1, 2, 3, and 4. but includes 7-11 and 735. Total A includes 68 (except 682.1).

Upper Volta: 1. In 1960 SITC 8 (miscellaneous maiiufactured articles) is not available - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 032, 04, 05, 07, 09, 23, 24, 25, 266, 3, 13, 5 and 9 but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 68.

ASIA

Burma: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 683 (nickel) in any year, and 682 (copper) in 1960 - both excluded from Total A. In 1968 SITC Code 24133 (lumber, non conifer) and 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) fell significantly.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 047), 13 244.02, 251, 266, 267, 3 (except 332), 13, 685.1, 686.1, 689, 8, and 9. Total A includes 513.65.

1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco), (manufactured goods classified by material), and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - all included in Total A. No Code 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials) in 1960 and 1965, resulting in underestimating Total B.

Hong Kong: 1. No breakdown for SITC 51 (chemical elements and com ounds) - included in Total A; also 682 (copper), 685 (lead), 686 (zinc) and 687 (tin) are not broken-down - all excluded from Total A and a possible underestimation of Total A and a probable overestimation of Total B.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0h, 05, 06, 07, 23 3, 4, and 9, but includes 711. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. india: 1. No breakdown for SITC 682 (copper) - excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0, 122, 2, 3, (except 332), 4, 685.1 686.1, 687.1, 689, and 9. Total A includes 513.65. 7-I.

o-^--a: 1, S-TC Codes I (beve-rages ;; d t.obacco) and 6 :;7ii.-.: goo, c-_I s4 - by :sa ;eria1bare excluded frormu Totals A and B in 1965 and 1966. Duie to Lnadequate breakdorxns prior to 1967, STTC Code 331.0 (petroleum, crude or partly refined) excluded from Total B,, Code 687 (tin) excluded from Total A, and Code 9 (tranisaction and commodities, n.e.s.) excluded froim Totals A and B; but Code 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - incLuded in Total A. SITC Codes 621 (matorials of rubber) and 629 (articles of rubber, n.e.s..), constituting res- pectively 40 and 53 percent of Total A in 1969, did nlot appear in 1960 data. According to the IMF." iternation Financial Statistics,, the 1969 exporls might be under- valuded by 29 percent, and a considerable amount of trade might be unrecorded.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, C4, 052 053, 119 2, 3 (except 332), 13, 68 (except 687,1., 8 'and 9. Total A includes 513.65. Korea: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 682 (copper) - -c-Fudeld- from Total A. and 9 (transactions and commodities, n.e.s.) included in Total A.

2. No estimate for SITC 9.

Nalaysia (West). 1. No breakdoiwin for STTC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) included in Totals A and B9 aId Code 331 (pet:roler>mr crude or partly refined)'-excluded from Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (exceFt 053), 2 (except 213), 3 (3:xctr:': 332), 13, 68 (except 681), and 9. Total A includds 13 6?¢

Pakist-1an: 1. No breakdown for STTC Code 9 (coiimmodities and transactir.:,s n.e.s.) included in Total A 196'7 data include re-export-s, 2. Total B excludes 0 (except 032), 11, 2, 3, (except 332), 43, 68, and 9, but includes 667, Total A includes 513.6,5, 667, 711 and 735.

Papua and 1. Prior to 1966 SITC Code 67 (silver, platinu.mn, gems and New Guinea: Jewelry) - included in Total A.

Phillippines: 1. Nb breakdown for SITC Code 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.),included in Total B,

Singapore: 1. No brea.down for SITC Codes 682 (copper) and 686 (zinc) - excluded from Total A, No breakdown for SITC Code 331 (petroleum, crude or partly refined) - excluded from Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0)47, 048, 062, 07, 09, 244..02, 2519 26, 3 (except 332) and 13, but includes 011 and 667. Total A includes 68 (except 681) and 961. - 1o9 -

Sri Lan 1. No breakdoTwn for SITC Code 072 (cocoa) in 1960 - included in Total A. No breakdown for Code 68 (non- ferrous metals) available, possibly resulting in over-estimating Total A.

Thailand: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 231 (crude rubber, including synthetic and reclaImed) in 1960 - excluded from Toltal A. SITC Code 687.1 (tin and tin alloys, uxnwrought) in 1960 included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 046, 048, 052, 06, 07, 09, 2h4.02, 251, 26, 3 (except 332), 43 and 9 but includes 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65, 711, 735, and 68 (except 687.1).

EMNA

Afgh4niatan: 1. Section 0 (food) is excluded from Totals A and B due to incomparable SITC breakdowns. No breakdown for SITC 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 05s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 68, 7, 8, and 9.

Algeria: 1. Exports of wine: plain and sparkling - part of Section 1 (beverages and tobacco) - have dropped considerably after 1960.

Cyprus: 1. No breakdown fo,r Section 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) - included in Total A; and Section 9 (com- modities and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Totals A and B. In 1960 and 1965 no brakdowm for SITC 12 (tobacco and tobacco manufactures) - excluded from Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 052), 2, 3 (except 332), 43, 68, and 9, but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65. Egypt= 1. No breakdown for SITC 7, so 711 is included in Totals A and B.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 055), 122, 2, 341.02, 351, 43, 68, and 9.

Filaxnd: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A; Code 683 (nickel) and Code 9 (commodi- ties and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Total A. In 1960 and 1965 no breakdown for section 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants, related materials) - included in Total B. a:z,d 2 Total B excludes 032, 0146, 047, 05, 07, 09, 11,g 122, 231, 2".02, 267, 3 (except 332), 43, and 9. Total A includes 513.652 6815, 685.1, 687.1 and 689.

Greece% 1. In 1965 SITC Code 513,65 (aluminum oxide and hydroxide) included in Total A.

2. TotalB excludes 01., 04, 07, 09, 2, 3 (except 332) , 43, and 9, but includes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 68.

Lcel;:d 1. For lack of details SITC Codes 04 to 09, 1, 2, 3, and 4, 951 and 961 are excluded from Total B. SITC Codes 5, 6, and 7 are all included in Total A. 2. Table B excludes 0 (except 01 and 03), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9, but includes 667 and 711, Total A includes 513.65 and 68.

Iran: 1. No brealdown for SITC Code 331 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excluded from Total B.

q: 1. Manufactured exports consist of cement only, because of inadequate details.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except o52), 1, 2, 3 (except 332), 43, 59 68, 7, 8, and 9, i:relan 1. For lack of details SITC Codes 2 (except 266), 4 and 9 are excluded from Total B. but 5, 6 and 7 are included in Total A. 2. Toteal B excludes 046, 047, 0523 0539 071.3, 072, 23 24, 251, 26, 3 (except 332), 43, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. srael: 1. The data on most petroleumr products is confidential and is included in SITC 5 (chemicals), therefore included in Total A, No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A, In 1960 no breakdowm for SITC Codes 231 (crude rubber, etc.) - included in Total A; and 682 (copper) excluded from Total A. Following gene:sl nractice SrTC 667.2 (diamonds, excluding industrial) excluded from Totals A and B, though the diamonds exported from Israel are worked, and ideally, should be included.

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 04, 052, 062, 07, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 9. Total A includes and- 68 (except 682.1). Lebanon: 14 1960 - 1965 ex-coorts might be underestimated due to nori- adoption of SITTO

2. Total B excludes Ol, 03, o46, 047, 07, 11, 2, 3, 4, 68 (except 681.1) and 9. Total A includes 'I.6g 2, 3a P a, X1lta: SI?or 1P,-x` o ei *So7 ;odes 03 Zo309, 9 are excluaea from Total B3 While; 5; 6, d7 exceoJ 735 - shivpbuiling) are included in To-Ga2. A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 046, 047, 05, 062, 07, 23, 24, 25, 267, 3, and 32 but includes 667 and 711. Total A includes 5l3.65 and 68.

Morocco: 1. No breakdown for STC codes 2 (cork raw, and waste) - excluded from Tota'L B and 686 (coppers excluded from Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 09,052, 06, 07, 09, 122, 23, 24, 26, 3 (except 332), 43) 68 (except 681 and 685.1) and 9 but includes 667. Total A includes 513.65. Spain: 1 No breakdown for SITC Codes 072, 09, 2Lh, 43, and 9 - hence excluded from Total B. SITC Codes 6831.1, 685.1 686.1, 687.1 and 689 are included in Total A for lack of details. 2. Totl B excludes 0:l, 047, 0h8, 062, 072, 09, 122, 231, 251, 26, and 13, bult includes 331.01 and 341.1. Total A includes 513.65, 6131, 683.1, 685.1, 687.1, 689, and 961.

Syria: 1. No breakdown for section 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - included in Lotal A.

2. Total B excludes 0:1; 032, 04, 062, 071.3, 072, 073, 09, 23, 24, 25, 266, 13, and 961, but includes 667, 681.1 and 735. Total A includes 513.65, 667, and 68.

Tunisia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 244 (cork, raw, and waste),and 331 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excluded from Total B; and 6582 (copper) excluded from Total A. 2. Total B excludes 012, 013, O4, 06, 07 09, 122, 23 243, 266, 267, 3 (except 332), 43, 68 9except 685.15 and 9. Total A includes 513.65, 711 and 735. Turkey: 1. SITC Codes 23, 25, 341, 351, 43, 951 and 961 are not available; hence excluded from Total B. All semi- manufactures in SITC 68 (except 682.1) are included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes Oh, 231, 251, 266, 267s 43, and 9, but includos 331.01, 311.1, 667, 711 and 735. Total A incluries 513.65, and 68 (except 682.1 and 689).

Yemen, PDR: 1. No breakdown for Section 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - excluded from Totals A and B. in 1966 no estimate for SITC (52 (dried fruit, excluding citrus), 5 (chemicals) and 8 (miscellaneous manufactured articles) - all included in 'Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0o7,T0h48, 05, 062, 07, 09, 11, 2, 3 (except 332), 23, and 9, 'but includes 667, 711, and 73g. Total A incluides 513.65 and 68. - I; ) -

M. l t t,u .. , , * ^

excluded or-. ToLucal '-

2. Total B exc'udes oL,07, ; 093i 1 231, 4 2. 26 , 43, and 9, but inmcludes 667, TotCl A includes 513.S5, 683.1 and 687.1.

LATIN AMERICA AND 13CliRtBEAN

Argent-ina: 1. No breakdown for SITC 331 (petro)ieuLm crude and partly refined) and 341 (gas, natural ar>1 artificial) - excluded 'rom Total B; and SITC g6 (zinc) excluded from Total A. 2. Total B excludes 0C129 07, 018, C 2, 055 0623 0722, 072.3, 0732 122, 266, 267;, 341.2, mad 351, but includes 735. Total A includes 513r65.

Bolivia: 1. Ln l965 SITC 332.1 (motor spirlit) is excluded fro:; Brazil: 1. No breakdowm for SITC 231 (crude nibber, etc.) - incded in Total A. 2. Total B excludes 014, 059, 05, 073, 09, 231, 2bL.02, 266, 267, and 9, but includes 711. To;al A includes 513.6>;5 and 711.

Chile: 1. Prior to 1965 merchandise exports include ores, con.- centrates and precipitates of gold and of gold mixe with silver or copper; but exclude unworked platinum-. Entire sections 1 (b--verages and tobacco) and 7 (xrac.her-1 and transpor.t equiplment) a1e included in Total A. Iii exnorts of SITC 682.2 (brcass, angles, wire, et c.) fell considerably.

Colombia: 1. In 1960 SITC 331 (petroleum, crude and pamtly jefiLnodr is included in Total B. No breakdown for SITC 682 (copper) in any year -- excluded from Total A.

Costa Rica: 1. Breakdown for section 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A.

DomLnican 1. SITC 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) inot Republic: available for 1960 - excludad from Totals A and B.. In l965 and 1966 expo:rts of SITC 073 (chocolate and pre- paration), 5 (chemicals) and 6 fell considerably. Ecuador: 1h Only sections 5 (chemica's) and a part of 8 (miscellaaneous manufae.tured articles) aze given; Total A and B under- estimated.

El Salvador: 1. No breakdotm for section 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A; and section 9. (Commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) excluded from Total A.

French Guian.a 2. Total B excludes 0, 2 (axcept 2143), 3 (except 332), 12, 68, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 667. GU^BalaR 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 072 (cocoa) - excluded fraa Total B; 688 (zinc) excluded from Total A. 2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 046, 047 072 11, 2 (except 2h3)., 3, 43, 68 (except 68lM and 9. Total A includes 513.65. G 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco), 5 (chemicals), 6 (manufactured goods classified by material) and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - all included in Totals A and B; possible overestimation of both Totals.

2. Total B excludes 01, Oh, 05, 07, 09, 122, 231, 244.02, 251, 26, 3, 43, and 9 but includes 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. *3a4aar: 1. SITC Code 12 (tobacco and tobacco.manufactures) excluded in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 0h, 052, 055, 073, 09, 2, 3 (except 332), 43 and 9, but includes 667, 711j and 735. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. ti?Xque: 1. For lack of details Total B excludes SITC Code 0 (except 053), 1, 2, 3, ;, and 9. Total A includes all items of SITC 5, 6, and 7.

2. Total B excludes 01 032, 04 052, 055, 062, 07, 090 122, 23, 24, 26, 3 texcept. 332), 43, and 9, but includes 667 and 711. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. 1. Nlo breakdown for SITC Codes.331 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excluded from Total B; 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes 012, 013 0, 052, 062, 071.2, 072.2, 23, 24, 26, 3 (except 332%, 43, and 9. Total A includes 513.65.

1. No breakdown for sections 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials) - included in Total B; 7 (machinery and transport equipment) included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes 0 (except 048 and 071.3), 11, 2 (except 243), 3, 68 and 9, but includes 667. Total A includes 513.65, 667, 711 and 735. P?arw%ua 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 071 (coffee), 072 (cocoa) - excluded from Totals A and B. Also no breakdown for sections 1 (beverages and tobacco), 6 (manufactured goods classified by material), and 7 (machinery and transport equipment) - all included in Total A. 1, Exoorts of STC Code 532.1 (que&recho. extracts) substantially decreased in:1969.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, O4, 052j 062, 07, 11, 122, 23, 244.02, 25, 26, 3 (except 332), L3, 68, 7 and 9.

Trinidad and 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes 1 (beverages and tobacco) Tobago and 513 (inorganic elements, oxides, etc.) in 1969 - both included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 013, O, 052, 055, 062, 071.3, 073 , 11, 122, 2319 2h4, 25, 26, 34l2,0- 351 and 43, but includes 513.65, 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65, 68, 667, and 961.

Uruguay: 1. in 1969 exports of SITC 013 (meat prouucts) fell con- siderably.

Venezuela: 1. No breakdorn of sections 1 (beverages and tobacco), 5 (chemicals), and 7 (machinery and transport equip- ment) - all included in Total A. No breakdown for section 9 (commodities and transactions, n.e.s.) - excluded from Total A. No breakdown for SITC 312 (petroleum, crude and partly refined) - excluded frmn Total B. 1960 exorts are underestimated due to unitemized SITC 67 (pig iron and steel ingots or bars).

2. Total B excludes 01, O4h, 05, 06 072, 073, 09, 1, 2, 3515, 5, 8, and 93 but includes 331.01, 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 68.

DE OPEDL0?EDMLUT ECONOMY COUiNTRIES Australia: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) - included in Total A and Total B. No breakdowm for SITC 51 - so SITC 513.65 may be included in Total A.

2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 047, 055, 062, 07, 09, 2, 3 (except 332), h3 and 951, but includes 121. Total A includes 687.1 and 689. Austriza 1. No breakdown for SITC Codes l(beverages and tobacco) and 9; possible overestimation of Totals A and B.

2. Total B exccludes 0 (except 073), 1, 2 (exzept 243, 251 and 266) and 9, Total A includes 513.65, 681, 683.1. 685.1, 6G6. 1 and 687.1. Belgim/ 1. SITC Code 1 (beverages and tobacco) not broken down - Luxembourg: included in Totals A and B. Also 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc) are not broken down - included in Total A and possible overestimat ion of Total A.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 013, 048, and 055), 2 (except 266), h and 9, but includes 321, 331.01 and 341.l Total A includes 513.65, 683.13 685.1 and 687.1. Canada: 1. SITC Code 4 (animal and vegetable oil and fats) not broken down - Totals A and B may be overestiiated. Also 513 is not broken down - 513.65 may be included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes O47, 048, 05, 062, 07, 09, 231.3, 231-h, 244.02, 26, and 9. Total A includes 513.65, 685.1, 687.1 and 689.

Denmark: 1. SITC Codes 682 (copper), 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc) are not broken down - included in Total B and probable over- estimation of Total B. These are excluded from Totai A and possibly Total A is underestimated. 2. Total B excludes 046, O47, 05, 07, 23, 24A.02, 251, 26, 331.02, 341.2, 43 and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. France: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 513 - included in Total A; 682, 683, 685, 686, and 687 not broken down - excluded from Total A but included in Total B. 2. Total B excludes.0322 047, 07, 09, 122, 231.3, 231.4, 24, 25, 267, 3 (except 332), h3, and 9. Total A includes 68.

Germany,, Federal 1. SITC Codes 683 (nickel), 685 (lead), 686 (zinc), and Rep. of: 687 (tin) are not broken down - all excluded from Total A and probably Total A is underestimatei while Total B may be overestimated. 2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 231, 2h., 251, 267, 3 (:except 332), 43, and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 (except 681 and 682.1). Italy: 1. SITC Codes 683, 685, 686, and 687 are not broken down - all excluded from' Total A. 2. TQtal B excludes 01, 032j 0h, 052, 062, 07, 09.9 23, 2h, 251, 267, 3 (except 332), 43 and 9, but incl1ides 667. Total A includes 513.65 and 68. 3wzo 1 For 1969 SITO Code 513 was not broken dow-n - 513.-65 f; included in Total A; S'-TC 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc') are not broken down - they are excluded £rom Total A.

2. Total B excludes 01, 0h9 05, 062, 07, 09, 1, 231.3, 231.4., 24, 251, 3, 43 and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 (except 682.1).

Netiherlands: 1. SITC Code 513 is rot broken down - added to Total A; no breakdowm for 682, 683, 685, a.nd 686 - all excluded Iron Toal A, possible underestimation of Total A and over- estimation of Total B.

2. Total B excludes 0465 047,, 052, 0O2, 071.3, 072.2, 23 .3 231.14, 2h39 2hL.02, 251., 267, 331.02, 351, and 9. TotaL A includes 513.65 and 68. New Zealand. 1. No breakdown Lor SITC Code 1 (beverage-6 and tobacco) - included in Total A; Code 682 (copper) excluded fron Total A except in 1960 where no figure is available for this code; and Code 9 (corrmodities and transact--ions., n.e.s.) excluded from Total A. Norway: 1. In 1960 no breakdown for SITC Codes 1 and 513 - all included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes 012, 013 05o,o6, 07, 1, 23, 211902:, 267, 331.029 3144.2, 43, 681i1, 687.1 and 951, but includes 667. Total A includes 513.65, Sweden: 1. No breakdown for SITC Code 1 - -included in Total A; no breakdown for 683 - excluded from Total A. 2. Total B excludes 0 (except 012 and 013), 1, 3 (except 332);, 43 and 961. Total A includes 513.65 and 69 (except 682. ',*1 Switzerland: 1. There is no breakdown for 682 (copper) and 683 (nickel) - all excluded from Total A,.

2. Total B excludes 0 (except 071.3, 073 and 09), 11, 2 (except 266), 3, an3d 961 Total A includes 513.65, and 68 ('except- 681 and 682.1).

United Kingldom 1. No breakdorn for SITC Codes 685 (lead) and 686 (zinc) - all excluded from Total A,

2. Total B excludes 01, 032, 0146, 047, 05, 09, 23, 2149 25, 267, 143, 3 (except 332), and 9, but includes 061, 071.1, 072.1, 0714, and 075. Total A includes 513.65, 685.1, 686.1 and 689. ited State: 1. Si.C 0oa3 6S5 zzC) and 6, i are b8- don - all eliuead from Total A.

2. Tota'l B exluades 032, 062, 07, 214A023 26 and 9, bout includes 01, 231. 1 330 and 3L1l O tsl A includes 513.65 and 68 (excepij 681 and 682.1)

CENTRALLY ?IJAEED ECON0ME C0O1TRIES wJhah4lovakcia: 1. For lack of' breakdo,x SITC Codes 0 (except 048)J, 9 (except- 243 and 25.1), 331.02, 351, 43 and 9 are e:c-cluded from: Total B while codes 5, 6 (except 68) and 7 (minus 711 and 735) are included in Total A. 2. Total B excludes 032, 046, 047 05, 07, 09, 122, 231, 2144.022 251, 26, 3 (except 332, 43 and-9, but includes 667. Total A itcludes. 513.65 and 68. Ge=a,, Dem. Rap. d: 2. Total B excludes 0, 1, 2, 3, h3, 5, 6, (except 642) and 9. s 1. F.or 1960, no SITC codes provided, and for those commodities listed only the volume (not values) are given. in 1965, commodities are broken down to 2-digit level only. No breakdown for SITC codes oS (fruit and vegetables), 06 (sugar, stgar preparations and honey), 07 (coffee, tea, and spices) 23 (crude rubber, etc.), 26 (textile fibers and waste and 68 (ncnferrous metals) - all excluded from. Total A, and possible underestimation of Total i. 2. Total B excludes 0 (except 09), 1225 29 3, " and 9, but inclludes 667, 711 and 735. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 ilias 2. Total B excludes 012, 032, 047, 048, 05, 062, 07, 1, 3 (except 332) and 43. U.S*S.R. 1. In 1960 and 1965 trade commodities did not have SITC codes. Totals are obtained by matching the listed items in the UiI Mparbook of International Trade Statisti-cs with those In the U1N Standard International Trade Classification., Revised Statistical Papers, Series ., No. 34 whi h gives a list of- items against p6,propriate SITC codes. 2. Total B excludes 032 (except in 1969) 047, 048, 05, 062, 07,, 09, 13 2 (except 243 and 251, 331.02, 341.23 and 9. Total A includes 513.65 and 68 (except 681 and 689. Z. .

?rTota,.-TT>o 1WE B" L. Že .

Manufactured Product SITC(REV.)Code 110(Rev 2)2ode

1. Sugar, raw 061.1 3118

2. Sagar, rafined 061.2 31 r8

3. Molasses 061.5 3118

14. Sugars and syrups, n.e.s. 061.9 3112, 3118, 3121

5. Coffee, roasted 071.1 /a 3121

6. Tea, processed into black or green 074.1 /b 3121

7. Faeding-stuff for animals excluding unmilled 081 /c 311, 31k, 313

84 Wool of sheep and lamb, degreased 262.2 3211

9. -Wol, shoddy 262.6 3219

10. Wool, carded or combed (excel. tops) 262.7 3211

1i. Wool, tUops 262.8 3211

12. vlool, waste ard n.e.s. 262.9 321

13. Cotton, linters 263.2 3211

14. Cotton, combed or carded 263.4 3211, 3215

15. Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat 321.8 35140, 3530, 3710

/a Also includes green coffee.

AD Also includes raw tea.

/c Parts of 081.11) 081.12, 081.19, and 081.92 should be excluded. 081.1 is "green or dry hay and fodder". 081.9 is "food wastes and prepared animal feed, n.e.s. - !. 9 -

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