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(Gastropoda) and Other Molluscs in Parc National De La Vanoise in the French Alps

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(Gastropoda) and Other Molluscs in Parc National De La Vanoise in the French Alps March 2013 C.J.P.J. (Kees) Margry Mozartlaan 41 NL 5283 KB Boxtel, the Netherlands. [email protected] Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805) Vitrinidae (Gastropoda) and other molluscs in Parc national de la Vanoise in the French Alps. A report from a short research in July 2012. Résumé En Juillet 2012, une étude a été menée sur la présence des Vitrinidae dans une partie du Parc national de la Vanoise. Dans trois régions, huit sites ont été échantillonnés. On a fait des recherches sur les animaux vivants et les coquilles vides. Les coquilles vides des autres espèces ont aussi été collectées. Au total, aux côtés de certains résidus qui n’ont pas pu être identifiés, 18 espèces ont été observées, y compris deux espèces de Vitrinidae: Vitrina pellucida (Semilimace commune) et Eucobresia glacialis (Semilimace recouverte). On a trouvé des E. glacialis de taille remarquable. En cherchant dans les années antérieures, il est connu que le Phenacolimax stabilei (Semilimace des Alpages) vit également dans le Parc national de la Vanoise. Key words: Parc national, Vanoise, Gastropoda, Eucobresia, Vitrina, Phenacolimax. Introduction In the summer of 2012 the occurrence of Vitrinidae has been investigated in a part of Parc national de la Vanoise and the surrounding area in the French Alps. The motivation for this research is the personal interest for Vitrinidae in general and Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805) in particular (Margry & Boesveld, 2009). The Family of Vitrinidae (glass snails) is a mainly Palaearctic group of semislugs. On the European mainland this family has a center of diversity in alpine habitats (Hausdorf, 2002). Glass snails have very thin translucent shells. Most of the species have such a little house, that they are not able to withdraw themselves into their shell. They are adapted to low temperatures and live in wet and cold habitats (Kerney et al., 1983). In lowland areas they are more active in winter and have a one-year lifecycle with a period of rest in summer (i.e. “summer decline”). On higher altitude they are more forced to activity in summer and have a lifecycle up to a few years (Umi!ski 1975a, 1975b, 1979, 1983) In Europe (including Turkey but except the Macaronesian Islands) 25 vitrinid species are recorded (Forcart, 1944, 1946; Kerney et al., 1983; Fechter & Falkner, 1990; de Winter, 1990; Wiese & Welter-Schultes, 1992; Turner et al., 1998; Falkner et al., 2001, 2002; Hausser, 2005; Nardi et al., 2007; Gavetti et al., 2008; Boschi, 2011; Egorov, 2011; Giusti et al., 2011; Welter-Schultes, 2012). In France eleven species are recorded, but there is doubt about the occurence of Semilimax semilimax (J. Férussac, 1802) and Vitrinobrachium breve (A. Férussac, 1821) (Falkner et al., 2002: 131-132; Gargominy et al., 2011). Table 1 shows which vitrinid snails have been found in, or close to, the French Alps. The French Alps are of great interest in respect to the surveys in the Valley of Susa in Italy and the surveys in the north and northeast in Switserland (Gavetti et al., 2008; Boschi, 2011; Map 1). Only three species are recorded in both these Italien and Swiss researches. Margry, C.J.P.J., 2013. Vitrinidae and other molluscs in Parc national de la Vanoise. A report from a short research in July 1 2012. 1-12. www.parcnational-vanoise.fr black spot = Parc national de la Vanoise red area = the Valley of Susa Map 1. The research area in the French Alps Falkner et al. (2002) suggested to look for Semilimax kotulae (Westerlund, 1883) in the (Haute) Savoie. One of the conditions for the authorization for this research was the compiling of a report. In this report only the research is described from the part within the borders of the National Park. Species Record from Record from Record in Record in Distribution France Switserland, the Italien the French map for the (Falkner et close to the part from the part from region of al., 2002; French Susa Valley the Susa the Gargominy border (Gavetti et Valley Vanoise et al (2011) (Boschi, al., 2008) (Gavetti et National 2011) al., 2008) Park in Al = alpine Welter- Schultes (2012) Semilimax semilimax (X) Semilimax kotulae X X Semilimax pyrenaicus X Vitrinobrachium breve (X) X Eucobresia diaphana X Al X X Eucobresia nivalis X Al X X Eucobresia pegorarii X Eucobresia glacialis X Al X X X X Vitrina pellucida X Al X X X X Phenacolimax major X Al X X Phenacolimax stabilei X Al X X X Phenacolimax locardi X Oligolimax annularis X Al X X X X Table 1. Vitrinid snails according to literature found in or close to the French Alps. Methods The study area was visited between July 10th and 27th, 2012. All sampling areas within the borders of the Vanoise National Park were in the region of Peisey-Nancroix, Col d’Iséran and la Thuile, the lowest part of the National Park in the southeast of Bourg-Saint-Maurice (Region Rhône-Alpes, Departement Savoie) (Table 2, Map 2, Fig 1-8). Vitrinidae are difficult to identify on the mere basis of their appearance. For this reason authorization was obtained to collect both empty shells and living animals. The localities and Margry, C.J.P.J., 2013. Vitrinidae and other molluscs in Parc national de la Vanoise. A report from a short research in July 2 2012. 1-12. www.parcnational-vanoise.fr sampling sites were chosen at random. The sampling was done by hand by means of looking under rocks and dead wood and utilizing a special big pair of glasses that makes it possible to find snails as small as 1 mm. The research was not done in a standardized way. If after about a quarter of an hour nothing was found, the sampling site was abandoned without collection of any field data. If one or more shells were found the search could take over an hour. Besides Vitrinidae, empty shells of other snail species were collected as well. Field data and photos were taken to document the samples as precisely as possible. The plant species on the plots were not identified. The living Vitrinidae were initially kept in a refrigerator (winter snails!) in order to study their habits and take photos. If available the genital anatomy from at least one vitrinid specimen from each plot was studied to confirm the identification. The genital anatomy of Vitrinidae is described and illustrated in several references (Mermod, 1930; Forcart, 1944, 1946; Umi!sky, 1975a; Kerney et al., 1983; de Winter 1990; Nardi et al., 2007; Egorov, 2011; Giusti et al., 2011). All figures of Boschi (2011) are derived from Kerney et al. (1983). A figure of the genitals of Phenacolimax locardi (Pollonera, 1884) was kindly provided by Gianbattista Nardi. From a few species Umi!ski (1975a: 373) shows several stages of the changes of the genitals during maturation. Phenacolimax blanci (Pollonera, 1884) was not included in this study. It is considered to be an Italian endemic in the surroundings of Cuneo and the Imperia province close to the French border in the south (Welter-Schultes, 2012). Map 2. The northern part of Parc national de la Vanoise with the 8 sampling plots Margry, C.J.P.J., 2013. Vitrinidae and other molluscs in Parc national de la Vanoise. A report from a short research in July 3 2012. 1-12. www.parcnational-vanoise.fr Fig. 1. plot 1 photo Ingrid Margry Fig. 2. plot 2 photo Kees Margry Fig. 3. plot 3 photo Kees Margry Fig. 4. plot 4 photo Ingrid Margry Fig. 5. plot 5 photo Kees Margry Fig. 6. plot 6 photo Kees Margry Fig. 7. plot 7 photo Kees Margry Fig. 8. plot 8 photo Kees Margry Margry, C.J.P.J., 2013. Vitrinidae and other molluscs in Parc national de la Vanoise. A report from a short research in July 4 2012. 1-12. www.parcnational-vanoise.fr For identification of the other species Kerney et al (1983), Gittenberger & Bank (1996), Wiktor (2004), Hausser (2005), Gargominy & Ripken (2011) and Gargominy & Neubert (2011) were used. The nomenclature used, is according to Fontaine et al, 2010. (Chilostoma glaciale (A. Férussac, 1832) = Phontanilli glacialis = Delphinatia glaciale). Refer to appendix 1 for the French names. Measurements of the shells were taken with a calliper to the nearest 0.01 mm. The collected shells and alcohol samples are kept in the collection of the author. Plot locality sampling site Coordinates Altitude Vegetation sampling nr (m) belt* nr 1 Peisey- Rocher des 45˚29’11.7’’ N – 006˚50’27.1’’ E 2151 alpine 20120716.2 Nancroix, Mindières 2 Rocher des 45˚29’24.6’’ N – 006˚50’27.8’’ E 2120 alpine 20120716.3 Mindières 3 Plan de la 45˚29’49.5’’ N – 006˚50’24.6’’ E 2095 alpine 20120716.4 Plagne 4 Refuge du Mont 45˚31’44.9’’ N – 006˚49’37.7’’ E 2380 alpine 20120722.1 Pourri 5 la Thuile about 1 km 45˚33’51.1’’ N – 006˚53’19.9’’ E 1249 montane 20120727.1 south of the village 6 Col close to Col 45˚25’24.4’’ N – 007˚02’45.2’’ E 2853 nival 20120718.1 d’Iséran Pers 7 close to Col 45˚25’24.2’’ N – 007˚02’48.6’’ E 2910 nival 20120718.2 Pers 8 Pointe des 45˚25’54.9’’ N – 007˚01’40.8’’ E 2829 nival 20120718.3 Lessières Table 2. Localities and sampling sites. * Vegetation belt according to Nagy & Grabherr (2009). montane = forest, alpine = alpine meadow, nival = Scree, rocks and snow level, scant patchy vegetation Results Table 3 provides a list of species for each sampling site, in alphabetical order.
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