The Clostridioides Difficile Species Problem: Global Phylogenomic 2 Analysis Uncovers Three Ancient, Toxigenic, Genomospecies
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.307223; this version posted September 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The Clostridioides difficile species problem: global phylogenomic 2 analysis uncovers three ancient, toxigenic, genomospecies 3 Daniel R. Knight1, Korakrit Imwattana2,3, Brian Kullin4, Enzo Guerrero-Araya5,6, Daniel Paredes- 4 Sabja5,6,7, Xavier Didelot8, Kate E. Dingle9, David W. Eyre10, César Rodríguez11, and Thomas V. 5 Riley1,2,12,13* 6 1 Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia. 2 School of 7 Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. 3 Department of 8 Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. 4 Department of Pathology, University 9 of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 5 Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de 10 Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. 6 Millenium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal 11 Microbiota, Santiago, Chile. 7Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. 8 School 12 of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. 9 Nuffield Department of Clinical 13 Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical 14 Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. 10 Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, 15 University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, 16 John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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