DOCSLIB.ORG

International Centre for Theoretical Physics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Centre for Theoretical Physics IC/89/265 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS DIRAC - THE TACITURN GENIUS Mujahid Kamran INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION 1989 MIRAMARE-TRIESTE I I IC/K9/265 International Atomic Energy Agency and Almost five years ago, on October 20,' 1984, the English physicist P.A.M. Dirac, one United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization of the founders of quantum theory, Nobel Laureate and fellow of many distinguished INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS societies, died in Tallahassee in the state of Florida, USA, where he had lived the last fourteen years of his great and long life. The renowned Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam has aptly summed up the significance of Dirac's contribution in the following words: "Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac was undoubtedly DIRAC -THE TACITURN GENIUS * one of the greatest physicists of this or any century. In three decisive years, 1925, 1926 and 1927, with three papers, he laid the foundations first of quantum physics, second of the quantum theory of fields, and third of the theory of elementary particles with his famous Mujahid Kamran ** equation of the electron. No man except Einstein has had such a decisive influence in so International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy short a time on the course of physics in this century." and The above remarks, coming from one of the foremost leaders of the world of physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, give an idea of the true stature of this taciturn genius whose name is completely unknown Athens, GA 30602, USA. to the lay public. In his home country, the Cambridge evening newspaper "honored" him with a one line obituary, "Mr. Dirac had a degree from Cambridge University." The paper failed to note that for almost forty years Dirac had occupied the same chair as Isaac Newton two hundred and fifty years before him — he was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. Dirac was appointed against this most prestigious position on September 30, 1932, at the age of only 30. The paper could also have MIRAMARE - TRIESTE mentioned that the idea of "anti-matter" that so excites the popular imagination, was a August 1989 direct consequence of his equation of the electron. EARLY LIFE Paul Dirac was born on August 8, 1902, in Bristol, England. His father, who had a very bitter relationship with his parents, was Swiss by birth. Because of the severity of his * To be submitted for publication, parents, he abruptly left Switzerland without informing them and settled in Bristol as a " Fu I bright Fellow. Permanent address: Center for High Energy Physics, Pubjab Unversity, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. teacher of French language at a local school. His ancestors were French but had migrated •33LMJ2L. '"" ••" •*-* to Switzerland during the Napoleonic wars. Sadly, Dirac's father himself turned into a Dirac visited Geneva with his father when he was only two years old. So painful strong disciplinarian whose domineering attitude left a lasting effect on his sensitive were his memories that he did not return to Geneva, his father's "home" for the next children. Dirac's mother has been described as "one of the four beautiful daughters and seventy years! When he visited Geneva in 1973, he stayed with Jagdish Mehra who records two sons" of a ship's captain. Dirac must have been fond of her because he took her to the that Dirac "remembered numerous sights from his visit to Geneva as a child." This ceremony when he was awarded the Nobel prize (his father was alive at the time). She was indicates his phenomenal memory as well as his tortured sensitivity. So profound was his working at a college library when she met her husband who was twelve years older than father's influence on him that when his father died in 1936, Dirac wrote to his future wife, she. Dirac had an older brother and a younger sister. His brother became an engineer but "I feel much freer now." At that time Dirac was 34 years old and a world renowned Nobel eventually committed suicide. Laureate. On account of his father's attitude, Dirac's childhood was, to quote his wife, "very Dirac's father wanted his children to have a good education and encouraged Dirac to difficult." In an interview given in 1963, Dirac recalled the influence of his father on him study mathematics. At primary school, Dirac's mathematical talent was evident. When in the following words: "My father made the rule that I should only talk to him in French. he entered secondary school he was so far ahead of the rest of his class in mathematics that He thought it would be good for me to learn French in that way. Since I found that I he was given advanced books to work through. Dirac learned a lot of new mathematics by couldn't express myself in French, it was better for me to stay silent than to talk in working through various books. In later life, Dirac had the following to say about his English. So I became very quiet at that time — that started very early." His taciturnity school performance, "I was always a slow reader and did not like poetry. In fact I never was thus an early response to his father's attitude and became deeply ingrained in him. understood good poetry. My whole interest was on the scientiGc side and I was really Apart from a deep reticence, Dirac's other way of coping with his childhood ignorant about matters outside my school work." situation was "thinking about nature." Throughout his life he retained a deep interest in the workings of nature and it was this interest that lured him to physics eventually. STUDENT DAYS AT BRISTOL UNIVERSITY There was perhaps another effect his father's linguistic impositions had on him. Dirac finished school in 1918 and entered Bristol University as a student of Professor Dalitz of Oxford University who knew Dirac well states, "...the children were engineering. His elder brother, who wanted to become a doctor, was forced by his father to required to speak only grammatically exact French at the dinner table." Dirac once told take up engineering studies. Why did Dirac want to study engineering? Or did he? In his the historian of science, Jagdish Mehra, that he was the only one who sat with his father at own words, "I did not have much initiative of my own. This path was rather set out for the dinner table. The other two children sat with the mother in the kitchen. The me and I did not know very well what I wanted." He opted eventually for electrical restriction on precision of expression at the dinner table was therefore more often engineering because one of his school teachers had joined the University and was teaching applicable to Dirac. This probably was an important source of his famous trait — extreme in that area. Decades later, Dirac had the following words for this teacher, "I am grateful precision of expression. As the well-known physicist Kemmer notes, "The clarity of his to David Robertson for explaining things in a way that would show mathematical beauty spoken word was the same as in his writings..." in the calculations." As an engineering student, problem solving not merely increased his skills, it left able to provide him with additional financial support. With that avenue closed, at least for him with a certain philosophy concerning the scientific description of nature. Dirac came the time being, fate opened another avenue for Dirac. People in the mathematics to the viewpoint that we cannot have formulae or equations that describe nature exactly. department were aware of Dirac's exceptional record in mathematics. They had always The only description of nature we have is approximate and the fruitful approach in this hoped that ho would pursue mathematics as a subject and were disappointed when he chose regard is a successive improvement of oar approximations. to go into engineering. It says a great deal for them that they now offered Dirac the Reminiscing about his days at Bristol University, Dirac singled out the year 1919 as opportunity of attending lectures informally without having to pay tuition fees. This was marking the beginnings of "an exciting era." In this year, "Relativity burst upon the acceptable to Dirac's parents as well. world with a tremendous impact. Suddenly everyone was talking about relativity. The When he started attending the mathematics course, Dirac came under the influence newspapers were full of it." Dirac further added, "...of course, I was caught up in the of two teachers, H. R. Hasse and Peter Fraser who taught applied and pure mathematics excitement produced by relativity." respectively. More than half a century later, Dirac stated, "During this mathematical During this period, Dirac also tried to cultivate some interest in philosophy. In training, the man who influenced me most was Fraser. Fraser was a mathematician who particular, he attended a series of lectures on relativity given by the philosopher Broad. never did any research, never published anything, but he was a wonderful teacher, able to However, "after a lot of thought," Dirac came to the following conclusion: "I then felt that inspire his students with real excitement about basic ideas in mathematics... There were all the things that philosophers said were rather indefinite, and came to the conclusion two things I learnt from Fraser. One of these was rigorous mathematics... The second eventually that I did not think philosophy could contribute anything to the advance of thing I learned from Fraser was projective geometry.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The National Conference and Training Workshop “Wildlife and Aerobiology” February 6-7, 2015
    Proceedings of The National Conference and Training Workshop “Wildlife and Aerobiology” February 6-7, 2015 CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Environmental Health & Wildlife, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Phone: 0300 4401535,Email: [email protected] EDITORS Dr. Zulfiqar Ali (Transnational Education Coordinator-TNE-308) University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Prof. Luiza Cintra Campos, University College London-UK Prof. Ian Colbeck, Biological Science, University of Essex, UK Dr. Zaheer Ahmad Nasir, Cranfield University UK Editorial Assistant: Ms Sidra Safdar, Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. REVIEWERS Dr. Shazia Aslam, Biological Science, University of Essex, UK Dr. James Butler, CSIRO Australia Dr. David E. Naugle, The University of Montana Missoula,USA Dr. Weilong Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Prof. MihalisLazaridis, Technical University of Crete, Greece Prof. Leanne Hepburn, University of Essex – UK Dr.JiříSmolík Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic Prof. Kostas Eleftheriadis, National Centre for Scientific Research, Greece Dr. Guy Coulson, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand Dr. Jakub Ondráček, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic Dr. Tim Skewes, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia Dr. Nicole Murphy, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia Prof. Farkhanda Manzoor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan Prof. Sikander Sultan, Microbiology & Molecular Genetics University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dr. Shakil Ahmad, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dr. Abdul Majid Khan, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dr. Arshad Javid, Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of ICTP Activities in Support of Science in Pakistan
    Summary of ICTP activities in support of science in Pakistan ICTP Public Information Office 13/09/2013 ICTP Visitors from Pakistan 1983-2012* 120 114 95 100 92 87 79 76 80 72 72 69 65 60 60 62 56 55 57 60 53 5452 Visitors 50 49 46 43 4142 42 40 40 38 Female** 40 26 20 0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 *For the period 1970-1982, 293 visitors came from Pakistan; the total number of visitors is 2080. Average presence of women since 2001 is 20% of total visits 2001-2012. **Data on female visitors not available before 2001. } Scientific visitors from Pakistan ◦ 2080 (1970-2012) ◦ 170 women since 2001 (20%) } Pakistani participation in ICTP Programmes ◦ 18 Affiliates (From 17 Federated Institutes) ◦ 104 Associate Members (6 female) ◦ 39 Diploma Students (16 female) ◦ 31 Elettra Users Participants (4 female) ◦ 21 TRIL Fellows (3 female) ◦ 10 STEP Fellows (5 female) } Abdus Salam ◦ Member of Pakistani delegation to IAEA calls for creation of an international centre for theoretical physics at IAEA's 4th General Conference in Vienna in 1960 ◦ ICTP Founding Director 1964-1993 ◦ Nobel Laureate 1979 ◦ ICTP President 1994-1996 } ICTP Prize ◦ Abdullah Sadiq, 1987 } ICO/ICTP Prize ◦ Imrana Ashraf Zahid, 2004 ◦ Arbab Ali Khan, 2000 } ICTP Prize in Medical Physics, 2010 ◦ Shakera Khatoon Rizvi ◦ Muhammad Asif } Premio Borsellino, 2010 (from SIBPA) ◦ Fouzia Bano } Delegation from the Ministry of Science and Technology ◦ Visited ICTP in 2013 Akhlaq Ahmad Tarar, Secretary Farid Ahmad Tarar, Counsellor for Trade at the Pakistani Embassy in Rome } Delegation of COMSATS ◦ Visited ICTP in 2012 Imtinan Elahi Qureshi COMSATS Executive Director S.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment on Educationdemanded
    PU researchers Gilgit climate find 1.1m year old change threat elephant skull looms large PAGE 05 PAGE 03 Editor: Shabbir Sarwar OCTOBER, 2015 | ISSUE 10 | VOLUME 11 Price: Rs. 50 | Pages: 12 | www.educationist.com.pk | facebook.com/TheEducationistPK InsIde pakistan education gurus sit together to achieve MTdF 2015-2020 Knowledge Park a milestone, syas Shahbaz Sharif LaHoRe: punjab More investment on education demanded Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif said dr atta-ur-Rahman, dr Mukhtar ahmed, Shahnaz Wazir ali, Lt gen (r) Shujaat Hussain, on Saturday that the < establishment of dr Mujahid Kamran, dr akram Sheikh, Razina alam Khan others attend interactive session Knowledge park of international standard in Lahore will play an important role in promotion of science, information technology, education and research. The chief minister, while chairing a meeting held to review the progress of the revolutionary project, said it would prove to be a milestone in promotion of education and research. Shahbaz announced to allocate Rs 21 billion for the project during next three years and to provide Rs 7 billion every year. – Staff Report 3 Pro VCs plan not a bad idea, says Dr Hassan Shah LaHoRe: govt College university Vice Chancellor dr Hassan amir Shah, in an exclusive interview with The educationist, said the plan to appoint three pro vice chancellors in every public sector university was not a bad idea. “If the government wants to do that STAFF REPORT sector’s Medium Term Development Framework Education Secretary and Syed Shahid they should make appropriate changes in the -III for 2015-20. Mohyuddin Qadir, Secretary Higher Education charter.
    [Show full text]
  • What Remains Invariant: Life Lessons from Abdus Salam
    WHAT REMAINS INVARIANT: LIFE LESSONS FROM ABDUS SALAM TASNEEM ZEHRA HUSAIN WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY AHMAD SALAM WHAT REMAINS INVARIANT: LIFE LESSONS FROM ABDUS SALAM AN EXPANDED VERSION OF THE TALK DELIVERED AT THE MEMORIAL MEETING FOR NOBEL LAUREATE PROF. ABDUS SALAM’S 90TH BIRTHDAY AT NANYUNG TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,SINGAPORE ON 25TH JANUARY 2016 BY TASNEEM ZEHRA HUSAIN WITH A SPECIAL INTRODUCTION BY AHMAD SALAM i For Abbu, Who taught me to look beyond facts and events to patterns and causes. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction, by Ahmad Salam v 1: Singapore 8 2: Discovering Abdus Salam 11 3. The Invariants 15 4. Salam’s Other Masterpiece 42 5. Abdus Salam: A Timeline 46 Acknowledgements 52 List of Photographs 53 Further Reading 54 3 INTRODUCTION 4 INTRODUCTION When Professor Michael Duff first mentioned Tasneem Zehra Husain to me, I was intrigued. Here was someone who had never met my father, but had studied him so closely that she could write with certainty and purpose. I have read as much as I can about my father over the years, to see how others viewed him. I have inevitably disagreed with some of the authors and some of their conclusions. I have also noted many factual errors in their work, but with Tasneem, I found very few which is a testament to the quality and depth of her research. In addition Tasneem has only commented on facts presented to her. She has not trivialized nor tried to downplay any parts of his character. Equally she has not been sycophantic nor has she ‘sugar coated’ the story of Abdus Salam.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE July 7, 2015 Name: Mujahid Kamran Present Position: Vice Chancellor, Punjab University (wef Jan 3, 2008) Lahore, Pakistan Date and place of birth: 23.1.1951 - Gujrat, Pakistan Father’s name: Syed Shabbir Hussain1 Residential Address: V C House, Punjab University, Lahore 54590 Correspondence address The Vice Chancellor, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590 Nationality: Pakistani Phone No’s: 0092-42-9231098 (off), 9231097 ® Cell ph 0092- 322-888-1882 Email [email protected] , [email protected] [email protected] Languages: Urdu, English, Punjabi REFERENCES: 1. Prof. (Retd) Dr. M. Saleem, ex Dean Science Faculty, Punjab University, and ex- Director Center for High Energy Physics, Punjab University, Lahore email: [email protected] 2. Professor T. Bolton , Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas email: [email protected] 3. Prof. Larry Weaver, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas email: [email protected] PUBLICATIONS: Sixty three (63) research publications in refereed journals outside Pakistan / presented at conferences abroad (list appended; 42 in foreign journals, 2 in local journals, 19 Conference presentations / contribution in International Conferences abroad) Eighty Five (85 popular articles, mostly on aspects of science and higher education and more recently on international affairs, published in national and foreign magazines and newspapers (list appended) Twelve (12) books including two text books (4 of the 13 are in Urdu language – three of these deal with the lives and works of great physicists of the twentieth century): 1) M. Kamran: The International Bankers, World War I, II and Beyond: University of the Punjab Press, April 2015; 560 pages, ISBN 978-969-9325-24-3 1 Deceased (July 5, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's Nuclear Exports
    PAKISTAN’S NUCLEAR EXPORTS: WAS THERE A STATE STRATEGY? Paper prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Bruno Tertrais 20 July 2006 How the Network Operated Most Pakistani nuclear-related exports began about a decade after their imports network was set up. The Pakistanis thus had acquired a very significant experience in dealing with nuclear transfers, legal and illegal. Contacts and procedures used for Pakistani imports were sometimes of direct use to exports when they involved transfers from Western firms, intermediaries and shell companies. The network exported two different things: know-how on uranium enrichment and weapons design, and centrifugation technology. Its clients were North Korea, Iran, Iraq, Libya, and maybe others. Once fully matured, it comprised several main “nodes”: the UAE (the “company’s headquarters”), Malaysia, Turkey, and South Africa – not including various personal properties around the world.1 There were half a dozen “workshops” around the globe, with Dubai serving as the main platform for re- exporting.2 AQ Khan set up dozens of shell companies to that effect, sometimes just for one-time use. A total of about 50 people were actively involved in the network.3 But AQ Khan operated with a dozen of key close associates. It was a “family business”. Those included: - Buhary Syed Abu Tahir, a Sri Lankan national. He was, so to say, the “chief operating officer” of the exports network. His involvement started in the second part of the 1980s.4 His “headquarters” were the Dubai-based firm SMB Computers. - Peter Griffin (a British national) and Mohammed Farooq (a Pakistani official), who were both involved also in the imports network.
    [Show full text]
  • The A.Q. Khan Network
    NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE A. Q. KHAN NETWORK: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS by Christopher O. Clary December 2005 Thesis Co-Advisors: Peter R. Lavoy Feroz Hassan Khan Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2005 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: 5. FUNDING NUMBERS The A. Q. Khan Network: Causes and Implications 6. AUTHOR(S): Christopher O. Clary 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b.
    [Show full text]
  • INQAAHE Bulletin June 2016
    INQAAHE Bulletin June 2016 Table of contents President’s Message .................................................................................................. 2 Message from the INQAAHE Board .............................................................................. 2 President’s Resignation .............................................................................................. 3 News from the Secretariat .......................................................................................... 4 News from Members .................................................................................................. 5 Overview of Higher Education and Quality Assurance Development in Macao ..................... 5 Riphah Wins International Quality Assurance Award ....................................................... 6 Results of Accreditation Performed by the Japan University Accreditation Association .......... 8 NIAD-QE published the 4th Edition of the Glossary of QA in Japanese HE ........................... 9 Celebrations of World Quality Day at University of the Punjab ......................................... 10 TEQSA, Australia’s QA and regulatory agency for Higher Education.................................. 10 Positive & constructive interaction with QQA Blog ......................................................... 13 IMPALA International Final Conference ........................................................................ 13 AQU Catalunya participates in the TeSLA project .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CV of Dr. Muhammad Siddique
    CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL INFORMATION Name: Dr. Muhammad Siddique Malik Nationality: Pakistani Date of Birth: June 20, 1972 Address: Department of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus. Telephone: 03216003510 Email: [email protected] PROFILE Objectives: To utilize my knowledge and skills for the welfare of institution, society and humanity. Position: Lecturer (Business Administration) Department of Business Administration University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus (Pakistan) ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS PhD (Management) Faculty of Management, University Technology, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Master of Business Administration (MBA) First Division (Securing 70% Marks) equivalent to 3.21 GPA University of Sargodha, Pakistan. Bachelor of Commerce (B.com) First Division (Securing 66% Marks) University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Diploma in Commerce (D.Com) First Division (Securing 72% Marks) Punjab Board of Technical Education,. Lahore, Pakistan Matriculation First Division (Securing 75% Marks) Govt. Model High School No. 2, Sargodha, Pakistan. Work Experience Working as Lecturer, since October, 1993 MAJOR TEACHING SUBJECTS Human Resource Management Principles of Management Research Methods in Business Organizational Behavior Business Taxation Strategic Management Operations and Production Management Corporate Governance Financial Accounting Financial Management Project Management PUBLICATIONS Year 2013 1. “The Job Turnover, Job Satisfaction, Ethical Leadership and Organizational Commitment Impact on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour”. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 8(5) October 2013, Pages: 607-611 2. “Tax Shield and Its Impact on Corporate Dividend Policy: Evidence from Pakistani Stock Market”. iBusiness, 2013, 5, 184-188. Year 2014 3. “Influence of Rule of The Thumbs On Making A Decision”, Science International (Lahore), 26 (4), 1867-1870. 4. “A Review of Causes and Consequences of Workplace Isolation, Sains Humanika 2:3 Page 137–141 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Abdus Salam United Nations Educational, Scientific XA0056393 and Cultural International Organization Centre
    the abdus salam united nations educational, scientific XA0056393 and cultural international organization centre international atomic energy agency for theoretical physics THE NEUTRON EDM IN THE SM: A REVIEW Shahida Dar 31/ 46 Please be aware that all of the Missing Pages in this document were originally blank pages Available at: http://uww.ictp.trieste. it/~pub_ off IC/2000/115 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS THE NEUTRON EDM IN THE SM: A REVIEW Shahida Dar The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy. Abstract We review the status of the electric dipole moment (EDM) of neutron in the Standard Model (SM). The contributions of the strong and electroweak interactions are discussed separately. In each case the structure of the Lagrangian and the sources of CP violation are specified, and subsequently calculational details are given. These two contributions to the neutron EDM exist in any extension of the SM including supersymmetry, two-doublet models as well as models with more than three generations of fermions. We briefly discuss the status of the neutron EDM in such extensions and give the relevant literature. MIRAMARE - TRIESTE August 2000 Contents Introduction 3 1 The Neutron EDM: Strong Interactions 6 1.1 Symmetries of the QCD Lagrangian 6 1.2 QCD Vacuum 7 1.3 Effective Vacuum Angle 12 1.4 Computing EDM of Neutron 15 1.5 Remarks 18 2 The Neutron EDM: Electroweak Interactions 20 2.1 Electroweak Lagrangian and the CKM matrix 20 2.2 Computation of Neutron EDM and Form Factors 24 2.2.1 Diquark Interaction and Neutron Moment 26 2.3 Remarks 29 Conclusion 30 Acknowledgements 31 Introduction The electric dipole moment (EDM), d, of a classical charge distribution p(x) is given by d = I d3xxp(x) .
    [Show full text]
  • INTERNATIONAL CENTRE for THEORETICAL PHYSICS, TRIESTE Scientific Activities in 1989
    IAEA-TECDOC-575 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS, TRIESTE Scientific Activities in 1989 TECHNICAA L DOCUMENT ISSUEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1990 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS, TRIESTE: SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN 1989 IAEA, VIENNA, 1990 IAEA-TECDOC-575 ISSN 1011-4289 Printed by the IAEA in Austria September 1990 The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from IIMIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100, in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. CONTENTS PAR I T Reviescientifie th f wo c activitie n 1989...................................................i s 1 Statistical digest: Summary of participation (Calendar 1989)..................................................5 Summar f participatioo y n 198 . 1988....................................................9vs 6 Participation by geographical areas............................................................. 6 Numbe f scientisto r person/monthd an s y activities...........,......................b s ? Summary of all activities............................................................................8 Participatio y activities...........................................................................b n 9 e scientifiTh PAR
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae Maryam Nawaz Awan House#6, St#7, Javed Nagar, Kot Abdul Malik, Shiekhupura Phone: 03224575344 Email:[email protected] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam_Nawaz2 https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eIkf4toAAAAJ&hl=en Personal Statement To work in a well-reputed organization that can benefit from my expertise and help me grow professionally. Education Year Degree Institute CGPA / Subjects % 2013-- PhD Department of Physics, Theoretical Physics University of the Punjab 3.35 2009-11 M.Phil. Centre of Solid State Physics, Solid State Physics University of the Punjab 3.27 2005-09 B.Sc.(Hons) Department of Physics, Physics University of the Punjab 3.76 2003-05 Intermediate Govt. Ayesha Degree College 77.54% Pre-Engineering for Women, Lahore 2001-03 Matriculation Private (BISE Lahore) 78.35% Science Distinctions and Honors 1. Letter of appreciation from Kinnaird College, Lahore and cash award of Rs. 15000/- from Chief Minister for being the teacher of Physics of the 1st position holder (topper) in the pre- medical group of Intermediate Examinations 2013. 2. President Talent Farming scholarship (2006-09) from Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. 3. Fauji Foundation Merit Scholarship throughout my academic career. 4. Overall 1st Position in my College in Intermediate board examinations. Experience 1. Lecturer of Physics at Kinnaird College from 15thSeptember 2011 to 15thMarch 2013. 2. Examiner in the theory and practical examinations of Physics at BISE, Lahore in 2012. 3. Visiting lecturer at Punjab University Collegeof Information Technology(PUCIT)since July 2012 to Feb 2015. 4. Examiner in the practical examinations of Bsc Physics at University of the Punjab, Lahore.
    [Show full text]