Draft Environmental Statement Preliminary Environmental Information Volume 1 Part 2 of 3
Brechfa Forest Connection Project November 2014
Contents
1 Introduction 2 Project Description 3 Alternatives 4 Consultation 5 Environmental Setting 6 EIA Process 7 Planning Framework 8 Land Use, Agriculture and Forestry 9 Landscape and Visual Assessment 10 Ecology 11 Historic Environment 12 Geology, Hydrogeology and Ground Conditions 13 Hydrology and Flood Risk 14 Noise and Vibration 15 Air Quality 16 Traffic and Transport 17 Socio-economics 18 Electro-magnetic Fields 19 Cumulative 20 Environmental Management
Green highlight indicates the contents of this document.
Brechfa Forest Connection Draft Environmental Statement – Volume 1
Contents
11 Historic Environment 3
11.1 Introduction 3
11.2 Legislation and Policy Context 4
11.3 Consultation and Scoping Overview 11
11.4 Assessment Methodology 19
11.5 Baseline Conditions 31
11.6 Assessment of Impacts: Construction Phase 38
11.7 Assessment of Impacts: Operational Phase 40
11.8 Assessment of Impacts: Decommissioning Phase 42
11.9 Mitigation Measures 42
11.10 Residual Effects 45
11.11 Cumulative Effects 57
11.12 Summary of Effects 60
11.13 References (for main section, in no particular order) 61
Tables
Table 11.1 Summary of consultation relating to the historic environment
Table 11.2 Criteria used to determine the heritage significance of assets
Table 11.3 Criteria used to determine the magnitude of impact
Table 11.4 Criteria used to determine the significance of effect
Table 11.5 Asset types and references
Table 11.6 Designated assets within 1 km, 2 km and 3 km
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Table 11.7 Non-designated assets within the study area and Proposed Development Order Limits by period
Table 11.8 Summary of predicted adverse effects
Figures
Figure 11.1 Non-designated heritage assets within 200 m of the Order Limits (and designated assets in the vicinity)
Figure 11.2 Designated heritage assets within 3 km of the Order Limits
Figure 11.3 Historic landscape character areas and historic hedgerows within 200 m of the Order Limits
Figure 11.4 Land parcels recorded by the field reconnaissance survey
Figure 11.5 LiDAR survey data within 200 m of the proposed underground cable section
Appendices
Appendix 11.1 Historic Environment Supporting Information
Appendix 11.2 Historic Environment Planning Compliance
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11 Historic Environment
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 The purpose of this chapter of the draft Environmental Statement (ES) is to provide an assessment of the likely significant effects of the Proposed Development on the historic environment.
11.1.2 A description of the Proposed Development is provided in Volume 1, Chapter 2. This chapter is supported by a number of figures provided in Volume 2 and Appendix 11.1 and 11.2 in Volume 3. This chapter should be read with the figures and appendices available for reference as they assist the understanding of the descriptions and assessments presented in the text.
11.1.3 Historic environment receptors are referred to in this chapter and the associated appendices as ‘assets’. This aligns with relevant policy (EN-1, DECC 2011a; cf. Volume 3, Appendix 11.2). The assets discussed in this chapter relate to archaeological remains, to historic buildings or structures, and to elements or areas of the historic landscape character. Assets can be designated or non- designated. Designated assets include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Landscapes of Outstanding or Special Historic Interest (‘Registered Historic Landscapes’), Protected Wrecks, Protected Military Remains, and Important Hedgerows. Assets include any identifiable component of the historic environment identified as having some degree of heritage ‘interest’ (historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic: cf. DECC 2011a) or ‘value’ (aesthetic, communal, evidential or historical, cf. Cadw 2011).
11.1.4 The sensitivity of assets, in terms of importance or value, is referred to throughout this chapter and in the associated appendices as their ‘heritage significance’, in accordance with heritage guidance (Cadw 2011).
11.1.5 This chapter summarises the historic environment baseline for the area in which
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the Proposed Development would be located, the assets that would be affected by the Proposed Development, the predicted magnitude of change to heritage significance that would result for those assets, and the resulting significance of effect of the Proposed Development on those assets. This chapter describes how the effects of the Proposed Development on the historic environment have been assessed, and the outcome of consultations that have been undertaken with statutory and non-statutory stakeholders in relation to this topic area.
11.1.6 The effects assessed in this chapter can be direct or indirect, permanent or temporary (and of short, medium or long-term duration), beneficial or adverse, and the assessment of effects identifies which is the case. Construction, operational and decommissioning phase effects are all assessed. The effects assessed in this chapter include those that could result from alteration or destruction of an asset, or development within its setting.
11.1.7 Proposed measures to mitigate adverse effects are also set out. The mitigation measures summarised in Section 11.9 below are deliverable and effective. An assessment of the residual significance of effect on assets is provided on the basis of the proposed mitigation measures.
11.2 Legislation and Policy Context
11.2.1 A summary of the key legislation and policy is provided in this section. Further details of the legislative and policy criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.2. Furthermore, in Chapter 3 a full assessment of compliance with relevant policies is completed.
National Legislation
11.2.2 The key national legislation relevant to this chapter is contained in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990 (as amended).
11.2.3 Other national legislation relevant to the potential effects of the Proposed Development include the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act
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(1979), Electricity Act (1989), Burial Act (1857), Treasure Act (1996), 'The Hedgerow Regulations' (1997), and ‘Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Wales) Regulations’ (2012).
National Policy
National Policy Statements
11.2.4 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
Part 5.8 provides policy and guidance on the historic environment.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
11.2.5 EN-5 reiterates the requirements of the Electricity Act with regard to the historic environment (Paragraph 2.2.6). In addition, Paragraphs 2.8.8-9 provide policy regarding undergrounding, and note that archaeological impacts of undergrounding may be greater than those of an overhead line. Paragraphs 2.8.10-11 provide policy regarding mitigation, with specific reference to on-site screening and off-site landscaping.
Historic Environment
11.2.6 Section 5.8 of the NPS states, at paragraph 5.8.8 that “as part of the ES the applicant should provide a description of the significance of heritage assets affected by the proposed development and the contribution of their setting to that significance”.
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11.2.7 For the applicant’s assessment where a development site includes, or the available evidence suggests it has the potential to include, heritage assets with an archaeological interest, the applicant is advised to carry out the appropriate desk- based assessments or if required a field evaluation. Paragraph 5.8.9 further states where there is determined to be an effect on the setting of heritage assets there may be a requirement to complete a representative visualisation to explain the impact.
11.2.8 A comprehensive baseline of heritage assets is included within this chapter. The baseline has informed the assessment of effects.
11.2.9 Paragraph 5.8.11 states that the decision-maker should seek to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset or the setting of any assets that would be impacted.
11.2.10 Further to the above, 5.8.14 highlights that there is a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated heritage, with the presumption stronger for assets designated as being of greater significance. Substantial harm to or loss of grade II listed buildings, parks or gardens and designated assets of the highest significance should therefore be exceptional and should be wholly exceptional for scheduled monuments, World Heritage Sites and assets designated grade I and II*.
11.2.11 The scope of the assessment contained within this chapter includes for the identification of designated heritage assets and assigns levels of importance to each.
11.2.12 Where the conclusion is reached that loss is justified, (in order to deliver substantial public benefits that outweigh that loss or harm) EN-1 states that the decision-maker should ensure that the developer records and advances understanding of the significance of the heritage asset before it is lost.
11.2.13 No known heritage assets are identified as potentially suffering loss or significant harm as a result of the proposed development. Mitigation is presented within this
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chapter to address the possibility of discovering and potentially affecting unrecorded archaeological remains.
Other Planning Policy
11.2.14 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
11.2.15 The Wales Spatial Plan sets out national cross-cutting national spatial priorities and identifies six sub-regions within Wales. Under the topic, ‘Valuing our Environment’ a number of environmental challenges are presented. The Proposed development sits at the eastern edge of the Pembroke – The Haven sub-region.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
11.2.16 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
PPW Chapter 6 Conserving and Improving Historic Environment
11.2.17 Paragraph 6.1.1 sets out the Welsh Government’s objectives for the conservation and improvement of the historic environment, which includes archaeology and ancient monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas, World heritage Sites, and historic parks, gardens and landscapes:
11.2.18 “preserve or enhance the historic environment, recognising its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride and the quality of life, and its importance as a resource for future generations; and specifically to
11.2.19 protect archaeological remains, which are a finite and non-renewable resource,
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part of the historical and cultural identity of Wales, and valuable both for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure and the economy, particularly tourism;
11.2.20 ensure that the character of historic buildings is safeguarded from alterations, extensions or demolition that would compromise a building’s special architectural and historic interest; and to
11.2.21 ensure that conservation areas are protected or enhanced, while at the same time remaining alive and prosperous, avoiding unnecessarily detailed controls over businesses and householders.”
11.2.22 Welsh Government states that it is a key role of “Local Planning Authorities to secure the conservation of the historic environment while ensuring it accommodates and remains responsive to the needs of the present day.”
11.2.23 Section 6.5 provides policy guidance on ‘Development Management and the historic environment’, highlighting the considerations which local planning authorities should have in mind when dealing with planning applications that may affect archaeological remains, listed buildings and conservation areas world heritage sites and historic landscapes, parks and gardens.
Technical Advice Notes
11.2.24 There is no relevant TAN specifically related to the Historic Environment.
11.2.25 The range of assets that constitute the historic environment listed within national planning policy are given due consideration within this chapter. The presence of both designated and undesignated assets is recorded and consideration given both to the potential for direct and indirect effects upon the assets themselves and their settings.
Local Policy
11.2.26 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that
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determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
11.2.27 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies which are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Volume 3, Appendix 11.2.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
11.2.28 The relevant policies are listed below:
. CUDP 13- Built and Historic Environment
. BE1 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Remains of National Importance
. BE2 Archaeological Sites
. BE3 Archaeological Assessment
. BE8 Setting of a Listed Building
. BE9 Development in Conservation Areas
. BE13 Proposals Adjacent to Conservation Areas
. EN19-Historic, Parks Garden and Landscapes
. EN20 Common Land and Registered Village Greens
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Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
11.2.29 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP13 Protection and Enhancement of the Built and Historic Environment
. GP1 Sustainability and High Quality Design
. EQ1 Protection of Buildings, Landscapes and Features of Historic Importance
11.2.30 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in that it provides specific protection to historic environment (e.g. CUDP 13 and eCLDP SP13) as well as to particular asset types such as listed buildings and conservation areas. Consistent with national planning policy however, the historic value of the wider environment is also recognised (e.g. CUDP BE1-BE3, BE8-BE9, BE13-15 and EN15 and EN19 and eCLDP GP1 and EQ1).
11.2.31 Further planning policy relevant to this chapter is contained in:
. Circular 61/96: Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas
. Circular 60/96: Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology
. Circular 1/98: Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales
Policy Conclusions
11.2.32 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 provides policy and guidance on matters pertaining to the historic environment and as such has informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters; these may include national and local planning policy. Relevant national and local planning policy has been reviewed and has informed
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the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
11.2.33 The remaining parts of this chapter outline the methods used to identify historic environment receptors, and to assess their heritage significance. The chapter also assesses the likely significant effects of the Proposed Development on those receptors during construction, operation and decommissioning. The chapter also sets out proposed measures to mitigate any predicted adverse effects and describes any residual effects which cannot be fully mitigated. The methods provided below are therefore consistent with national and local policy provisions for the historic environment.
11.3 Consultation and Scoping Overview
11.3.1 As part of the scoping phase of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Western Power Distribution (WPD) prepared a Scoping Report (July 2014) setting out the proposed approach to EIA in respect of the Proposed Development, including the identification of assessment methods for each of the EIA topics to be assessed. A complete record of all correspondence has been logged, and is recorded in the Consultation Report. A summary of the main Scoping Opinion representations and consultation responses received in relation to the historic environment are presented in Table 11.1 below.
Table 11.1 – Summary of consultation relating to the historic environment
Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
The Planning 3.64 The Secretary of State This guidance has been Inspectorate, welcomes the approach adopted, as indicated in Scoping undertaking the assessment Volume 1, Chapter 11, Opinion; August in line with relevant guidance Section 11.4, and 2014 including Cadw’s described in Volume 3, conservation principles and Appendix 11.2. the Institute for Archaeologists Code of Conduct and relevant IfA
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
standards.
The Planning 3.64 The Secretary of State Agreements from CCC Inspectorate, recommends that the and Cadw are referred to Scoping Applicant seeks agreement below. Opinion; August with the relevant consultees 2014 with regard to following assessment methodology guidance on the setting of assets and groups of assets produced by English Heritage, and that this guidance is relevant in absence of equivalent guidance by Cadw.
The Planning 3.65 The Secretary of State Baseline data collection Inspectorate, recommends that the has been carried out in Scoping baseline is agreed in communication with Dyfed Opinion; August consultation with Dyfed Archaeological Trust 2014 Archaeological Trust Historic (DAT), as described in Environment Record (HER) Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, and that the baseline data Section 11.3, and has takes account of the route been updated to account alignment as it is refined to for changes in the route ensure that all designated alignment as the project sites are included. progresses.
The Planning 3.65 The Secretary of State Designated assets have Inspectorate, would expect to see specific been considered as part of Scoping consideration given to a much wider study area Opinion; August designated assets as part of than non-designated 2014 the impact assessment and assets (see Volume 1, mitigation measures as Chapter 11, Section 11.4). appropriate. Expected significance of effect, rather than magnitude of impact, was used when determining whether detailed consideration of setting- related effects was required. This means that
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
designated assets (and those of equivalent heritage significance) were selected for detailed assessment where expected impacts were of less magnitude than for non-designated assets (see methodology, Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5).
The Planning 3.66 The Secretary of State The approach is described Inspectorate, welcomes an assessment of in the methodology, Scoping impacts on Registered Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Opinion; August Landscape of Outstanding Section 11.5 2014 Historic Interest in accordance with Assessment of the Significance of Impacts of Development on Historic Landscape (ASIDOHL2) published guidance and methodologies. The Secretary of State agrees that this process can be reported as part of the ES and that therefore a standalone report is not necessary. However, this approach should be made clear in the application documents.
The Planning 3.67 Paragraph 9.7.19 of the Agreements from Cadw Inspectorate, Scoping Report refers to an and DAT are referred to Scoping agreement with consultees below. This approach has Opinion; August that this proposed approach been explained in the 2014 of providing an ASIDOLH2 methodology in Volume 3, assessment conclusions as Appendix 11.1, Section part of the ES is 11.5. ‘proportionate to the scale
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
and nature of likely impacts’, and the Secretary of State would expect to see evidence of this agreement presented.
The Planning 3.68 The Secretary of State The potential of the Towy Inspectorate, notes at paragraph 9.6.17 of Valley, as well as other Scoping the Scoping Report that the areas along the Proposed Opinion; August potential for encountering Development route, is 2014 previously undiscovered discussed in Volume 3, remains within the Towy Appendix 11.1, Section 11. Valley Registered 9. Landscape of Outstanding In view of its Historic Interest is ‘likely to archaeological potential be particularly high’. The and the likely impacts in Secretary of State would that area, the Towy Valley expect to see specific has been subject to LiDAR consideration of this as part survey in addition to the of the impact assessment surveys common to other and description of proposed areas (see Volume 3, mitigation measures, Appendix 11.1, Section including consideration of 11.6). The archaeological how such mitigation potential of the Towy measures are proposed to Valley has also been be secured as part of the considered as part of the DCO. ASIDOHL2 assessment (see Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.11). Mitigation measures for significant effects are not required, since none are predicted. Works to mitigate any unforeseen effects and as best practice to reduce the level of non-significant effects will be discussed in the Outline WSI (to be agreed prior to submission, and submitted with the DCO).
The Planning 3.69 The Secretary of State Cumulative and inter-
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
Inspectorate, welcomes the Applicant’s related effects are Scoping intention that impacts on the discussed in relation to the Opinion; August historic environment and historic environment in 2014 proposed mitigation Volume 1, Chapter 11, measures would be Section 11.11. considered in terms of their potential interrelated effects on other environmental factors.
The Planning 3.98 The Secretary of State Cumulative and inter- Inspectorate, recommends that related effects in relation to Scoping appropriate cross reference this comment are Opinion; August is made within the socio- addressed in Volume 1 2014 economic assessment to the Chapter 17. assessment of landscape and visual and cultural heritage effects and that the potential adverse visual effects are assessed in terms of the tourist industry and recreational activity.
Carmarthenshire “9.3.2 CCCOs expect that The methodology for County Council the EIA survey of listed assessment assumes a (CCC) response buildings and conservation ‘reasonable worst-case’ to Scoping areas takes into account the location for the electricity Report; 11/08/14 worst case principle and infrastructure, as measures these assets from described in Volume 1, the extreme point of the 50m Chapter 11, Section 11.4, [sic] limit of deviation.” and regarding setting, Volume 3, Section 11.6. Note: since the Scoping Report was issued, improvements to design have reduced the Limits of Deviation from 50m to 25m, in total.
CCC response “9.4.7 There is no objection This has been adopted, as to Scoping in principle to the use of the indicated in Volume 1, Report; 11/08/14 English Heritage guidance Chapter 11, Section 11.4, for setting”. and described in Volume
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
3, Appendix 11.2.
CCC response Table 9.3 Grade II Listed Group value is one of the to Scoping Buildings have been given criteria by which listed Report; 11/08/14 ‘Medium’ heritage significance buildings have been in the survey methodology you judged worthy of that propose, however, it is noted designation (Cadw 2005). that there are a high Therefore the group value concentration of Grade II of a listed building should buildings along the route (e.g. not be ‘double counted’ alignment options B1 and E3); when assessing its value. therefore the group value However, group value has should be given a higher status been a consideration when when assessing setting impact”. assessing the sensitivity of assets to change within their settings, as group value may indicate a greater contribution of setting to heritage significance (cf. Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5). Group value has also been a consideration when assessing the heritage significance of non- designated assets; i.e. where assets have group value that may increase the assessed heritage significance score.
CCC response 9.7.16: It’s indicated that assets This approach has been to Scoping will be “visited in order to better adopted, as indicated in Report; 11/08/14 understand the values that the methodology, Volume contribute to their significance 3, Appendix 11.1, Section and the attributes of setting that 11.5. contribute to those values and the vulnerability of those attributes”. It is then stated that “these site visits will take place by utilising public footpaths and other publicly accessible
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
locations as well as the immediate environs of the assets”. Understanding the value of the asset and the setting will require visiting the curtilage of a property. It is assumed that “immediate environs” will involve this? It is important to assess the impact upon setting from within the curtilage in addition to outwith the asset”.
Consultee “TW [WPD’s advisor] stated that This guidance has been Meeting: in the absence of a setting adopted, as indicated in Heritage Scope assessment methodology Volume 1, Chapter 11, for Brechfa produced by Cadw, the English Section 11.4, and Forest Heritage setting guidance had described in Volume 3, Connection; been used as the basis for the Appendix 11.2. minutes; 28 methodology detailed in the March 2014 draft Scoping Report, and that this was agreed previously with Cadw. NM [Cadw] agreed that this was appropriate, with the caveat that Cadw’s document Conservation Principles would be used as the basis for assessment rather than the English Heritage document of the same name”
Cadw (Mr. N “Subject: RE: Brechfa: The methodology is Maylan) by e- ASIDOHL2 described in Volume 3, mail; I think that a full ASIDOHL Appendix 11.1, Section 23/06/2014 06:54 assessment will be of little use if 11.5. the cable is buried. In my opinion your suggestion of incorporating the tables and conclusions within the main cultural heritage section should be appropriate.”
Cadw (Mr. N “Subject: RE: Brechfa: The methodology is
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
Maylan) by e- ASIDOHL2 described in Volume 3, mail; I agree that your suggested Appendix 11.1, Section 23/06/2014 11:45 approach is acceptable even 11.5. given the small length of overhead line in the Registered Landscape.”
DAT (Mr. M Ings) “Subject: RE: Brechfa: The methodology is by e-mail; ASIDOHL2 described in Volume 3, 23/06/14 11:56 Thanks for your emails. I am in Appendix 11.1, Section agreement with yourself and 11.5. [Cadw]”.
Cadw (Mr. N “RE: Brechfa Forest See Volume 3, Appendix Maylan) by e- Connection: assets selected for 11.1, Table 11.5 for Step 1 mail; detailed assessment of effects assessment of setting- 10/06/14 13:47 relating to setting related effects on I agree with your assessments Scheduled Monuments. for the Scheduled monuments”.
Cadw (Mr. N LiDAR survey was Maylan) by e- “RE: Brechfa Forest Connection included in the submitted mail; - Heritage Meeting follow up. version of the Scoping 15/04/14 14:35 My only comments on the Report and in the redrafted scoping document are methodology used for that it is unfortunate that there is assessment, as stated in no mention of LiDAR which Volume 1, Chapter 11, would be a very useful and a Section 11.5, and relatively inexpensive survey described more detail in technique” Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5.
Cadw (Mr. N “RE: Brechfa: assessment The methodology referred Maylan) by e- methodology to was presented in the mail; Thank you for consulting me on Scoping Report and is 03/07/14 11:34 this revision to the methodology. detailed in Volume 1, I agree that this is an Chapter 11, Section 11.4. appropriate methodology for determining the impact of the proposed connection on the historic environment.”
DAT (Mr. M Ings) “From your previous The proposed mitigation is by e-mail; correspondence and the data described in Volume,
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment consultation addressed phase/ type
21/10/14 11:56 you have provided I don’t see Section 11.9. any serious issues regarding the archaeology but would be happy to discuss any suggested mitigation etc.”
11.4 Assessment Methodology
Guidance and Technical Advice
11.4.1 A précis of the guidance and technical advice documents relevant to this assessment is provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.2. These include, but are not restricted to, the following:
. Cadw, 2011, Conservation Principles
. Cadw, Welsh Assembly Government, & Countryside Council for Wales, 2007, Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process
. English Heritage, 2011b, The Setting of Assets
. Institute for Archaeologists, 2012, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
Study areas
11.4.2 The study areas used for this assessment encompass all locations where effects on the historic environment may result from the Proposed Development. Study areas were defined to be of sufficient breadth to determine the potential for direct effects on known assets, effects on previously unidentified assets, and effects on the heritage significance of assets resulting from development within their settings.
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11.4.3 The footprint of the Proposed Development (i.e. the Order Limits) is defined in Volume 1 Chapter 2.
11.4.4 The assessment considered changes to the settings of designated assets (statutory or non-statutory) within a study area extending 3km from the Proposed Development. This is the maximum distance at which the proposed infrastructure could result in significant visual effects (see Volume 1, Chapter 9), and as such is regarded as the maximum area in which visual changes within the setting of assets could result in effects on their heritage significance.
11.4.5 The assessment considered non-designated assets within a study area encompassing the Proposed Development, plus 200m on either side of it. This study area was chosen to identify any known assets, and to help assess the potential for as-yet unidentified assets that may be affected by the Proposed Development. This study area was used for desk-based assessment, field reconnaissance survey, historic map regression, aerial photographic survey, and LiDAR survey.
11.4.6 Data collection regarding the historic landscape character and hedgerows was carried out within a study area of 200m on either side of the Proposed Development. Since these elements of the historic environment may be considerably greater in extent than the width of the Proposed Development, this data provides a comprehensive understanding of the surviving historic character of the landscapes through which the Proposed Development is routed.
11.4.7 The baseline data analysed for earlier stages of ongoing environmental assessment, which encompassed broader study areas than the selected Route Corridor, was used in determining the likely potential for archaeological remains (along with other published secondary sources).
11.4.8 Baseline data collated for this chapter of the draft ES was therefore sufficient to undertake an assessment of effects inclusive of all construction activities within the Proposed Development and of any variations in the final alignment that could arise from the Limits of Deviation (LoD).
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11.4.9 The study area used for the desk-based assessment was sufficiently inclusive to allow for informed design development, and to ensure that archaeological trends outside of the Proposed Development were identified to assist in predicting archaeological potential within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
Baseline data sources
11.4.10 To establish the baseline conditions with regard to the historic environment the following principal data sources have been consulted:
. records of known assets in public databases (i.e. HER; NMRW; RCAHMW; NRW; Forestry Commission; Carmarthenshire Archives; ADS; BGS);
. historic maps (Carmarthenshire Archives; NLW);
. aerial photographs (RCAHMW);
. LiDAR survey data (Environmental Agency);
. the Registers of Historic Landscapes of Special/Outstanding Historic Interest in Wales (including data held on the HER); and
. the results of field reconnaissance survey.
11.4.11 A full list of sources consulted is provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.3.
Survey methods
11.4.12 The main survey techniques employed are outlined below. Full details of the methods and results of these surveys are provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5 and 11.6.
Desk-based assessment
11.4.13 Between May and October 2014, desk-based assessment was undertaken to identify assets that may be affected by the Proposed Development and assist in
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predicting the potential for archaeological remains within the area affected. This work included collection and collation of baseline data from the sources listed above, as well as primary research of historic mapping, aerial photographs and LiDAR data. An ASIDOHL2 assessment was also carried out regarding effects on the Towy Valley Registered Historic Landscape (RHL2).
Setting assessment
11.4.14 In June and July 2014, assets were subject to an initial, desk-based assessment, including engagement with consultees, to determine whether the Proposed Development may be capable of affecting the contribution made by setting to their heritage significance. This assessment included selected site visits. For a number of assets, it was identified that the Proposed Development would not be capable of having a greater than negligible effect on their heritage significance due to changes within their setting, and these were excluded from further, more detailed survey.
11.4.15 For assets where the initial assessment determined that their settings did make a positive contribution to their heritage significance, and that the Proposed Development may be capable of affecting that significance, further assessment was carried out (during August and September 2014). This assessment investigated whether, how and to what degree setting contributed to the heritage significance of those assets, and then considered the changes within settings that may result from the Proposed Development and the resulting degree of harm. This assessment included archival and further field research (site visits).
Field reconnaissance survey
11.4.16 Between July and October 2014, an area that included the Proposed Development Order Limits and a 200m buffer either side was visited and surveyed. The survey assessed the visible character, extent, survival and preservation of all known above-ground assets within the study area. The study identified several previously unrecorded assets, and recorded the presence and character of field boundaries, land parcels and other historic landscape elements. Field reconnaissance also
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informed the results of other assessments, including hedgerows, ASIDOHL2, and setting-related effects.
Assessment of effects
11.4.17 In common with other topics, and following the approach advocated by EN-1, a staged assessment was carried out to determine the significance of effects of the Proposed Development on the historic environment. This involved establishing the historic environment baseline to determine the heritage significance of assets that may be affected, including any contribution made by setting to that significance, and assessing the magnitude of effect of the Proposed Development on that heritage significance. By comparing the heritage significance of the asset and the magnitude of change, the overall significance of effect has been determined.
Assessing the heritage significance of assets
11.4.18 The heritage significance of an asset is understood in terms of its heritage values (Cadw 2011). Assessing the heritage significance of assets also requires an understanding of the contribution made by the assets’ settings to that significance.
11.4.19 EN-1 (paragraph 5.8.14) defines Scheduled Monuments, Registered Battlefields, Grade I and II* Listed Buildings, and Grade I and II* Registered Parks and Gardens as designated assets “of the highest significance”, and the heritage significance of these assets has been recorded as ‘high’. Registered Historic Landscapes are also recorded as ‘high’ heritage significance.
11.4.20 Those assets that meet the national criteria for designation under the relevant legislation as being of special importance are recorded as being of ‘medium’ heritage significance. This includes Grade II Listed Buildings and Grade II Registered Parks and Gardens. Conservation Areas are designated at the Local Authority level in accordance with national legislation, and are also recorded as being of ‘medium’ heritage significance.
11.4.21 Table 11.2 sets out the criteria for identifying the heritage significance of an asset.
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Table 11.2 – Criteria used to determine the heritage significance of assets
Heritage Description significance
High Assets of national or international heritage significance; usually recognised through designation as being of great value, e.g.: World Heritage Sites, including nominated sites Scheduled Monuments Grade I and II* Listed Buildings Grade I and II* Registered Historic Parks and Gardens Registered Landscapes of Outstanding/Special Historic Interest Non-designated assets proposed for one of the above designations Non-designated assets demonstrably of equivalent heritage significance to the above designations Non-designated archaeological sites with potential to contribute to national research objectives (WAT 2011-14)
Medium Assets recognised as being of special heritage significance, generally designated, e.g.: Grade II Listed Buildings Grade II Registered Historic Parks and Gardens Conservation Areas Non-designated assets proposed for one of the above designations Non-designated assets demonstrably of equivalent heritage significance to the above designations Non-designated archaeological sites with potential to contribute to regional research objectives (WAT 2011-14)
Low Assets that are of heritage significance at a local level primarily for the contribution to the local historic environment, e.g.: Locally listed buildings Non-designated archaeological sites of local value, and/or potential to contribute to local research objectives Non-listed historic buildings of modest quality in their fabric or historical association Non-designated historic parks and gardens
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Heritage Description significance
Non-designated historic landscape features with modest communal or historical value Assets compromised by poor preservation and/or poor survival
Negligible Elements of the historic environment that are of insufficient heritage significance to merit consideration in planning decisions, e.g.: Archaeological sites with very little or no surviving research value Historic buildings with very little or no surviving architectural or historic interest Historic landscape features with very limited or no historical value
Unknown Areas where the importance of the resource is uncertain, e.g.: Sites where the archaeological research potential has not been ascertained Buildings with some hidden (inaccessible) potential for architectural or historic interest
Non-designated assets of equivalent heritage significance to designated assets
11.4.22 Any assets with archaeological interest that are not currently designated as Scheduled Monuments, but which are demonstrably of equivalent heritage significance are, “considered subject to the same policy considerations as those that apply to designated heritage assets” (EN-1: DECC 2011a, paras. 5.8.4, 5.8.5). This issue has been considered with reference to the criteria provided by the Welsh Office (WOC60/96 Annex 3; WOC1/98 Annex F) and Cadw (2002, 2005), and regarding all non-designated assets identified within the 200m study area, or identified as a result of consultation. In addition, assets within the study area that are currently under consideration for designation have been treated in the assessment as if they are designated.
11.4.23 For all other non-designated assets, assessment of heritage significance is a
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professional judgement based on their values, as directed by Conservation Principals (Cadw 2012).
Assessing the magnitude of impact
11.4.24 The heritage significance of an asset can be harmed or lost through its alteration or destruction, or through changes within its setting.
11.4.25 Alteration and destruction relate to physical harm, including total or partial loss of the heritage significance of the asset. Development within the setting of an asset can result in a reduced ability to experience and understand its heritage significance. Settings are not assets or heritage designations themselves; their importance lies in what they contribute to the heritage significance of an asset (cf. EH 2011b p. 7) Therefore, the heritage significance of an asset can only be harmed or lost if it is in some way derived from that part of the setting adversely affected by the Proposed Development.
11.4.26 The effect of development within the setting of an asset can also be beneficial, for example where historic features are restored or revealed.
11.4.27 Table 11.3 sets out the broad criteria for assessing the magnitude of adverse impacts.
Table 11.3 – Criteria used to determine the magnitude of impact
Magnitude Description of nature of change of Impact
High Change such that the heritage significance of the asset is Adverse totally altered or destroyed - e.g. total loss or major alteration of most or all key materials of an archaeological site, fabric of an historic building, or elements of a historic landscape character unit, such that it is totally altered - e.g. comprehensive change to the setting of an asset in a way that fundamentally compromises its heritage significance
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Magnitude Description of nature of change of Impact
Medium Change such that the heritage significance of the asset is Adverse affected - e.g. change to or loss of key materials of an archaeological site, fabric of an historic building, or elements of a historic landscape character unit, such that it is clearly modified - e.g. considerable change to the setting of an asset in such a way that compromises its heritage significance
Low Change such that the heritage significance of the asset is Adverse slightly affected - e.g. change to or loss of materials of an archaeological site, or fabric of an historic building, or elements of a historic landscape character unit, such that it is slightly different - e.g. change to the setting of an asset in such a way that alters its heritage significance
Negligible Changes to the asset that hardly affect heritage significance Adverse - e.g. very minor change to materials of an archaeological site, or fabric of an historic building, or elements of a historic landscape character unit - e.g. slight change to the setting of an asset that hardly affect its heritage significance
None The development does not affect the heritage significance of the asset - e.g. no appreciable change to an asset’s materials, fabric or setting
11.4.28 Harm to an asset's heritage significance resulting from alteration or destruction is described as a physical impact. These impacts would be direct, adverse, permanent, and would occur typically during the construction phase of the Proposed Development.
11.4.29 Where the predicted harm to an asset's heritage significance would result from development within its setting, this is identified below as a setting-related impact. These impacts may be beneficial or adverse, direct or indirect, temporary or permanent, and would occur during the construction and operation of the Proposed Development. Adverse setting-related impacts would generally be
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reversed on decommissioning of the Proposed Development.
11.4.30 Direct impacts are those that arise as a primary consequence of the Proposed Development. Direct impacts can result in physical loss of part or all of an asset, or changes within its setting. Indirect impacts are those that would occur as a secondary consequence of the Proposed Development. An example of a direct setting-related impact on an asset might be the construction of an overhead line within the setting of that asset. An indirect impact could occur, for example, as a result of temporary increased traffic movement within the setting of an asset due to changes elsewhere.
11.4.31 Temporary impacts can be short, medium or long term. Short-term impacts are defined for the historic environment discipline as those that typically would occur for up to four years, i.e. effects that occur during construction. Medium-term impacts are defined as those that are expected to last for up to 15 years might include, for example, reinstatement of hedgerows. Long-term impacts are defined as those that last beyond 15 years, for example woodland planting. Although the Proposed Development has an expected lifespan of several decades, effects that occur during the lifespan of the infrastructure are assessed as being permanent. This is because the eventual conditions are not known, so a ‘reasonable worst- case’ is assumed.
Determining the significance of effect
11.4.32 There is no formal heritage guidance regarding assessment of significance of effects, which is required as part of EIA. Table 11.4 below indicates how the heritage significance of an asset, and the magnitude of the impact that the Proposed Development would have, have been combined when considering the significance of an effect.
11.4.33 It should be noted that the framework for assessment described on Table 11.4 provides a formulaic guide to decision-making, but professional judgement has been used at all stages in the process of reaching a conclusion. This is particularly the case regarding effects resulting from the complex relationship between
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changes within setting, the contribution of setting to values, and the contribution of values to heritage significance (for which a clear, professional explanation has been provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5). Professional judgement is also crucial in instances where the impact is close to the threshold between magnitude categories.
Table 11.4 – Criteria used to determine the significance of effect
Heritage Significance Magnitude of Impact High Medium Low Negligible
High Major Major Moderate Minor
Medium Major Moderate Minor Negligible
Low Moderate Minor Minor Negligible
Negligible Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible
Neutral None None None None
11.4.34 Effects of the Proposed Development may be classified as beneficial or adverse. Effects classified as major significance of effect are considered equivalent to ‘substantial harm’ in EN-1 terminology (DECC 2011a) and ‘significant’ in terms of the EIA. Effects of negligible, minor or moderate significance are considered equivalent to ‘less than substantial harm’ and ‘not significant’ in EIA terms.
11.4.35 The significant effects described below include effects on assets predicted in relation to the current design of the connection, as well as other activities within the Proposed Development including creation of scaffolds, working areas and compounds. A deliberately inclusive approach has therefore been taken in determining the likely significant effects of the Proposed Development on assets.
11.4.36 Similarly, the LoD has been taken into account in determining the significant effects on assets and again an inclusive approach has been taken in predicting the significant effects based on both the current design and any variations that could
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arise within the LoD. Regarding setting-related effects, this equates to a ‘reasonable worst-case’ approach to the siting of new electricity infrastructure.
Uncertainty
11.4.37 The following uncertainties in the reliability of the baseline data would not cause the assessment to be insufficiently robust or to have failed to record a significant potential effect.
11.4.38 A fuller discussion of the limitations of the baseline data is provided in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Section 11.5. The following list summarises the main factors affecting the reliability of the baseline data:
. recorded locations of known assets may be inaccurate;
. known assets may encompass wider areas than is recorded;
. dates of known assets may be unknown or recorded incorrectly;
. the known archaeological record contains bias related to the degree and location of previous investigations;
. aerial photography and LiDAR survey are of varying effectiveness depending on ground conditions;
. geographic coverage of aerial photography is incomplete;
. pasture areas are not conducive to location of stray finds or soil marks that could indicate presence of buried archaeological remains; and
. heavy vegetation may conceal earthworks, ruined structures etc.
. the full suite of baseline data collection has not been reported in this document with regard to work proposed at New Lodge Substation compound, Burry Port
11.4.39 The prediction of significant effects on assets is based on the current design of the connection and takes into account temporary construction activities that may take place within the Proposed Development. It has also taken account of the Limits of
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Deviation (LoD). The significance of effects predicted is not expected to alter as a result of any variation in the final alignment that may take place within the LoD. However, in common with any development of this scale, it is possible that as-yet unknown archaeological remains could survive within the Proposed Development Order Limits or that the exact location and extent of some buried archaeological remains is not understood currently. Procedures for mitigation are proposed below (Section 11.9), to ensure the appropriate treatment of as-yet undiscovered archaeological remains (i.e. assets with evidential value) that may be identified within the Proposed Development Order Limits during the construction phase.
11.5 Baseline Conditions
Baseline Environment
11.5.1 The following provides a summary of the relevant baseline conditions for designated and non-designated archaeological remains, historic buildings, and the historic landscape character. This summary is supported by more detailed information in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Sections 11.6-11.9, including:
. a summary, narrative description of the historic development of the study area;
. a review of relevant national and regional research objectives in relation to the historic environment in the study area;
. a gazetteer of historic buildings, historic landscape components, and known and potential archaeological sites.
11.5.2 A suite of figures that locate the assets listed in the gazetteer is provided in Volume 2 (Figures 11.1-11.5).
11.5.3 Data from the various sources outlined above has been compared and de- conflicted to avoid duplication of assets recorded by more than one source, and for ease of reference all assets and components of the historic landscape (areas, parcels, and elements, i.e. hedgerows) identified within the study areas have been given a unique reference number and prefix related to their type (see Table 11.5).
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These have been used on the figures (Volume 2, Figures 11.1-11.5) and in the gazetteer (Volume 3, Appendix 11.1).
Table 11.5 Asset types and references
Asset / historic landscape component UID Prefix
Scheduled Monument SM
Listed Building (all grades) LB
Registered Historic Park and Garden (all grades) HPG
Registered Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest RHL (‘Registered Historic Landscapes’)
Conservation Area CA
Non-designated asset ND
historic landscape character area HLC
historic hedgerow HH (may be an asset)
field reconnaissance survey land parcel FRS (not an asset)
Designated assets
11.5.4 There are 400 designated assets within the study areas described above (Table 11.6).
Table 11.6 – Designated assets within 1km, 2km and 3km
In Order Limits <200m <1km 1-2km 2-3km Total of Proposed Development
SM - - - 18 13 31
G1LB - - - 1 1 2
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G2*LB - - 1 1 11 13
G2LB - 3 14 122 201 340
RHL 1 - - - 1 2
G2HPG - - 1 - 1 2
CA - - 1 4 5 10
Total 1 3 17 146 233 -
11.5.5 There is one designated asset within the Proposed Development Order Limits. This is the Tywi Valley Registered Historic Landscape (RHL2), which the Proposed Development crosses for approximately 2.5km.
11.5.6 Within 200m of the Proposed Development, there are three designated assets, all of which are Grade II Listed Buildings. These are Bryn Towy Mansion, Llangunnor (LB181), Pont Glangwili (LB304) and a cottage between Dolgwili and Peniel (LB308), all of which are 19th century in date.
11.5.7 Within 1km of the Proposed Development there are a further 15 Listed Buildings, of which one is Grade II* (LB309) and 14 are Grade II (LB4, LB229, LB236, LB240, LB241, LB295, LB297-9, LB306, LB310, LB312, LB331 and LB353). There is also one Registered Historic Park and Garden (Bishop’s Palace, HPG2) and one Conservation Area (The Parade, CA6) within 1km.
11.5.8 These assets are all of medium or high heritage significance. The possibility that the Proposed Development could affect the heritage significance of these assets as a result of changes within their settings is outlined in Volume 3, Appendix 11.1, Tables 11.5 and 11.6.
Non-designated assets
11.5.9 In total, 127 non-designated assets were recorded within the study area. Of these, 80 were recorded from archives of known assets (i.e. HER; NMRW; RCAHMW; NRW), and 47 were identified during project research or field surveys. Twenty-two
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of these assets are within the Order Limits of the Proposed Development. These assets have been characterised by historical period as indicated on Table 11.7.
Table 11.7 Non-designated assets within the study area and Proposed Development Order Limits by period
Period Date Range In Proposed <200m Total Development Order Limits
Palaeolithic/ 250,000 BC – - - - Mesolithic 4,000 BC
Neolithic/ Early 4,000 BC – 1 6 7 Bronze Age 1,500 BC
Later Bronze Age/ 1500 BC – AD - - - Iron Age 43
Roman AD 43 – AD 410 3 4 7
Early Medieval AD 410 – AD - - - 1100
Medieval AD 1100 – AD 4 10 14 1539
Post-medieval AD 1539 – AD 2 4 6 1750
Industrial AD 1750 – AD 6 75 81 1900
Modern AD 1900 – AD - 2 2 2014
Undated – 6 4 10
Total – 22 105 127
11.5.10 On the basis of current knowledge, none of these assets are considered to be of potentially high heritage significance.
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11.5.11 The prehistoric archaeological asset within the Proposed Development (ND28) is the possible site of a former standing stone (indicated from place-name evidence), which may indicate the presence of buried archaeological remains. The Roman remains within the Proposed Development are remains of roads, suggested by aerial photography or LiDAR (ND121, ND178, ND186). The Medieval period is represented within the Proposed Development by documentary records of church lands (ND25, ND187) and a water mill (ND48), a leat (ND52) and possible evidence for a shrunken village (ND167, Bancycapel). The Post-medieval assets within the Proposed Development Order Limits are a canal (ND44) and a former road (ND104). Assets from the Industrial period within the Proposed Development Order Limits comprise former dwellings (ND114, ND122), trackways (ND172, ND173) and quarries (ND69, ND171).
Potential for as-yet unidentified archaeological remains
11.5.12 This section summarises the expected potential for as-yet unidentified archaeological remains to be present within the Proposed Development Order Limits. Further details of the historic background and archaeological potential are provided in Volume 3, Chapter 11, Sections 11.8-11.10.
11.5.13 There is very high potential for the remains of landscape features such as tracks and hedgerows, which may date from the Medieval to Modern periods, and palaeochannels of unknown date, to be present within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
11.5.14 There is high potential for the remains of Roman roads to be present within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
11.5.15 There is moderate potential for the presence within the Proposed Development Order Limits of buried remains of isolated dwellings or agricultural buildings dating from the Post-medieval or Industrial period.
11.5.16 There is low potential for Bronze Age buried archaeological remains to be present within the Proposed Development Order Limits, either in the context of upland
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funerary deposits or within fluvial deposits in valley bottoms. There is also low potential for the presence within the Proposed Development Order Limits of Early Medieval, Medieval or Post-medieval settlements, or Roman remains in the form of settlement or industrial activity alongside the roads leading from Carmarthen.
11.5.17 There is very low potential for Palaeolithic or Mesolithic artefacts, Neolithic remains, Iron Age settlements, remains dating to the Second World War, or the remains of boats or crannogs from the prehistoric periods onwards, to be present within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
11.5.18 Early prehistoric artefacts, boats or crannogs are likely to be of high heritage significance. Any late prehistoric remains, or remains of Roman or Medieval settlement, are likely to be of medium heritage significance. All other types of archaeological remains described above would be of low heritage significance.
11.5.19 The Proposed Development would cross areas of known palaeo-environmental importance. The Towy Valley contains sequences of river development and alluviation that are likely to include preserved botanical remains, which can be used to reconstruct past landscapes.
Historic landscape character
11.5.20 The Proposed Development would cross ten historic landscape character areas (and a compound west of Carmarthen would be built in an eleventh). These areas have been defined by the Register of Landscapes of Outstanding Historic Interest in Wales, historic landscape character data held on the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record, data held on LANDMAP, and from field survey. The historic landscape character is typically one of irregular fields and dispersed farms, although some larger, regular field patterns are present on the northern uplands. The dominant forms of field boundary are hedgerows, planted on banks with increasing frequency towards the north. There is also an increasing proportion of woodland towards the north, culminating in areas of plantation around the northern terminus of the Proposed Development. This landscape is in general of high heritage significance, in common with the Towy Valley Registered Historic
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Landscape (RHL2). Some areas are of lower heritage significance, most notably the plantation (HLC32), which is of negligible heritage significance.
Summary of historic environment baseline conditions
11.5.21 There are no designated assets within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
11.5.22 There are 22 non-designated assets recorded within the Proposed Development Order Limits. In terms of heritage significance, these assets are of low or negligible heritage significance, as follows:
. 17 assets are of low significance; and
. Five assets are of negligible significance.
Future baseline
11.5.23 It is anticipated that if the project were not to proceed the conditions of the assets listed above is not likely to alter significantly. Future proposed developments unrelated to this one may result in adverse effects on the historic environment, but it is expected that mitigation of those effects would be required. There may also be natural degradation of some archaeological remains and derelict historic structures, while works may take place to sustain or even improve the heritage significance of others. However, in general, it is expected that the future baseline, or “do-nothing scenario”, would not vary significantly from the assessed baseline conditions.
Embedded mitigation
11.5.24 The historic environment has been a consideration throughout the project’s development (from the identification of route corridors, to selection of a preferred route corridor and then identification of the preferred alignment), and was a key component of the design process during on-going environmental assessment. The historic environment impact assessment considers the current design, which has been developed in collaboration between engineering and environmental
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specialists. As a result, potential adverse effects on a number of assets have been reduced or avoided completely. The alternative proposals assessed during the development of the proposed new connection are described in Volume 1 Chapter 3.
11.6 Assessment of Impacts: Construction Phase
11.6.1 There would be no significant impacts on the historic environment during the construction phase.
11.6.2 A detailed description of construction works is provided in Volume 1, Chapter 2.
11.6.3 Table 11.8 provides a summary of all of the effects of all phases and components of the Proposed Development on the historic environment.
Construction phase physical impacts
11.6.4 Construction phase works could result in direct, irreversible, permanent physical impacts on non-designated assets. Sources of these adverse impacts may include truncation, compaction, or desiccation/changes to hydrology, as a result of:
. installation of wooden poles and construction of shallow foundation trenches in overhead line sections;
. overburden stripping of the working width, excavations for cable trenches, and excavation of pits for horizontal directional drilling (HDD) in underground cable sections; and
. installation of a new circuit breaker within New Lodge Substation compound, Burry Port.
11.6.5 There would be no groundworks or service installations at compound sites, which would mainly be used for temporary storage of materials.
Identified construction phase physical impacts
11.6.6 The construction phase of the Proposed Development would have a physical
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effect on the Towy Valley Registered Historic Landscape (RH2) as a result of overhead line installation, stripping of the working width for the underground cable, and temporary removal of field boundaries/widening of entrances. This impact would be of negligible magnitude, which prior to mitigation would be a minor adverse significance of effect.
11.6.7 There would be no other physical effects on designated assets.
11.6.8 A physical impact of minor significance of effect is predicted in relation to one non- designated asset: a group of palaeochannels in the Towy valley (ND166). There would also be physical impacts of predicted minor significance of effect regarding four important hedgerows (HH231, HH233-5).
11.6.9 Physical impacts of negligible significance of effect are predicted in relation to a further six non-designated assets due to undergrounding (ND44, ND52, ND186) or installation of overhead line poles (ND171, ND173, ND174).
11.6.10 The physical impacts on the Registered Historic Landscape (RHL2) reported above would also affect three non-designated historic landscape areas within it (HLC8, HLC16, HLC18); these are a predicted minor adverse significance of effect.
11.6.11 Physical impacts of negligible significance of effect are predicted in relation to a further two non-designated historic landscape areas (HLC20, HLC23) outside the Registered Historic Landscape, due to underground cable installation. Physical impacts on historic landscape character areas where overhead lines are installed would be very limited in scope and of no effect on their historic landscape character.
11.6.12 All of the above impacts would be equivalent to ‘less than substantial harm’ (as described in EN-1 paragraph 5.14), and measures are available to mitigate them (Section 11.9).
Construction phase setting-related impacts
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11.6.13 Construction phase works associated with all aspects of the Proposed Development could result in changes within the settings of designated and non- designated assets, and the historic landscape. These would result from temporary traffic, noise, light and visual disturbance, which would be temporary, short-term (being time-limited to the period of construction activities), and reversible on completion of the construction activities. These would be neutral magnitude of impact, and no significance of effect.
11.7 Assessment of Impacts: Operational Phase
11.7.1 There would be no significant impacts on the historic environment during the operational phase.
11.7.2 Table 11.8 provides a summary of all of the effects of all phases and components of the Proposed Development on the historic environment.
Operational phase physical impacts
11.7.3 No physical impacts are anticipated during operation of the Proposed Development. In the event that repair work is required, it is anticipated that any physical impacts would take place within areas that have already been subject to assessment and, if necessary, monitoring and mitigation during the construction phase.
Operational phase setting-related impacts
11.7.4 The operational phase of the Proposed Development would result in loss of heritage significance of assets resulting from the permanent presence of modern infrastructure in their settings. The loss of heritage significance occurs where the part of the setting affected by the Proposed Development makes a positive contribution to understanding and appreciating that significance. A detailed assessment of the settings of assets is provided in Volume 3 Appendix 11.1, Section 11.10. The identified impacts are adverse, direct, and permanent but reversible.
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Identified operational phase setting-related impacts
11.7.5 No adverse effects to any designated assets of greater than negligible significance of effect are predicted resulting from development within the assets setting.
11.7.6 A setting-related impact of negligible significance of effect is predicted in relation to one designated asset (Grade II Listed St Maelog’s Church, Llandyfaelog: LB4), as a result of changes within views including its spire. The special architectural or historical interest of the listed building would be preserved. This predicted effect is equivalent to ‘less than substantial’ harm (EN-1, paragraph 5.8.14).
11.7.7 Setting-related impacts of low significance of effect are predicted in relation to six non-designated assets. These are: four dwellings (ND12, ND29, ND73, ND139) and two standing stones (ND64, ND65). Setting-related impacts of negligible significance of effect are predicted in relation to a further 21 non-designated assets (ND8, ND18, ND27, ND35, ND69, ND71, ND104, ND106, ND113, ND114, ND130, ND140, ND143, ND167-9, ND171-5).
11.7.8 The visual intrusion of modern infrastructure would result in some loss of legibility and appreciability of the historic landscape character, resulting in a loss of heritage significance. This equates to a predicted minor adverse significance of effect for four historic landscape character areas (HLC8, HLC10, HLC20, HLC24) and effects of negligible significance for a further two (HLC6, HLC14).
11.7.9 All of the above impacts would be equivalent to ‘less than substantial’ harm (EN-1, paragraph 5.8.14).
11.7.10 Repair or maintenance to the Proposed Development may result in setting-related impacts on designated and non-designated assets, and impacts on historic landscape character. In the overhead line sections, any such changes would not result in impacts of greater magnitude than the ongoing presence of the poles and overhead lines. In the underground cable section, any such disturbance would be similar to those of the construction phase, i.e. of neutral magnitude of impact, and no significance of effect.
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11.8 Assessment of Impacts: Decommissioning Phase
11.8.1 There would be no significant impacts on the historic environment during the decommissioning phase.
11.8.2 Decommissioning would result in a series of short-term temporary adverse setting- related impacts on assets, and impacts on the historic landscape character. These would be similar to, but lower in magnitude than, those of the construction phase.
11.8.3 The predicted adverse impacts related to the settings of assets and to historic landscape character described above would be fully reversible on decommissioning, assuming the removal of above-ground infrastructure associated with the Proposed Development.
11.8.4 No physical impacts on archaeological remains are anticipated during decommissioning. Any physical disturbance would take place within areas that have already been subject to assessment and, if necessary, monitoring and mitigation during the construction phase.
11.9 Mitigation Measures
11.9.1 This section describes outline proposals for measures designed to mitigate, compensate for or offset the predicted adverse effects of the Proposed Development. There is no requirement to introduce mitigation for significant effects, as none are predicted. However, mitigation measures are proposed to deal with unforeseeable archaeological impacts that may result in significant effects, and as best practice to reduce the level of non-significant effects.
Embedded mitigation
11.9.2 Mitigation of effects on assets through design has been achieved principally through avoiding the sites of known archaeological remains, built heritage and historic landscape features, and their settings.
11.9.3 Consideration has been given during the design process to alteration of the
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routeing and micro-siting of poles, as part of an on-going dialogue between designers and the historic environment specialist. This has reduced or completely negated certain effects on assets that would otherwise have occurred as a result of earlier design proposals.
11.9.4 The significance of effect on historic hedgerows has been reduced by avoiding physical impacts to all hedgerows, wherever possible.
11.9.5 Further input into the design process during construction would consider alteration of the micro-siting of poles and precise location of underground cable trenches within the Proposed Development Order Limits.
Physical mitigation measures
11.9.6 An Outline WSI will be produced, agreed prior to submission, and submitted with the DCO. This will identify bespoke mitigation specific to assets or areas where an adverse effect has been predicted, and to the type of effect the Proposed Development would have on that asset. The Outline WSI will also provide an overarching approach to the different methods of mitigating the predicted effects of the Proposed Development on assets with archaeological interest. Some methods will be proposed to provide additional information about the archaeological interest of a known asset, or as part of an iterative process of identifying and mitigating effects on as-yet undiscovered assets with archaeological interest. As such, the Outline WSI would be updated and additional more detailed methods statements provided for specific archaeological work, both pre- and during construction.
11.9.7 The mitigation measures proposed to be adopted for specific assets are summarised in Table 11.8, along with the residual effects after those measures have been implemented.
Mitigation of physical effects on assets and the historic landscape
11.9.8 The predicted physical impacts described in Section 11.6 can be mitigated through a proportionate programme of archaeological work. Details of the archaeological
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work proposed will be provided in the Outline WSI.
11.9.9 Throughout the work identified above a dialogue would be maintained with the relevant consultees to ensure that the strategy for each identified asset is proportionate and appropriate. This would include the option of considering preservation in situ for any assets with high heritage significance. This would be achieved within the Proposed Development Order Limits through the following options:
. establishing ‘exclusion zones’ within the working area, where archaeological remains are fenced and signed and no below-ground works undertaken; and
. establishing alternatives to topsoil stripping to protect archaeological remains in situ.
11.9.10 A record of discovered archaeological remains that are not preserved in situ would be secured by appropriate fieldworks and recording.
11.9.11 All archaeological work would be subject to an appropriate programme of post- excavation assessment, analysis, review and publication.
11.9.12 On completion of the construction works, the working width in underground cabling areas would be reinstated to the pre-construction conditions. Reinstatement measures would not include ripping or other intrusive activities in areas of known buried archaeological remains where preservation in situ has been used to mitigate any adverse effects. Any such areas would be identified on reinstatement plans. The reinstatement of any archaeological earthworks would follow the pre- construction contours unless otherwise agreed with the relevant statutory consultee.
11.9.13 The loss of historic hedgerows would be mitigated through replanting.
Mitigation of effects related to the settings of assets and historic landscape character
11.9.14 The predicted effects resulting from development within the setting of assets and
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on historic landscape character cannot be readily mitigated. However, there are no significant effects predicted related to the settings of assets or the historic landscape. No embedded mitigation is proposed in relation to these effects.
11.10 Residual Effects
11.10.1 The mitigation measures outlined above have been taken into account when determining the residual effects of the Proposed Development on assets.
11.10.2 Table 11.8 summarises the predicted residual significance of effect of the Proposed Development, following mitigation.
Predicted direct physical residual effects on assets and the historic landscape
11.10.3 No direct physical effects are predicted in relation to any designated assets.
11.10.4 After mitigation, no residual physical effects are predicted in relation to non- designated assets. In most cases, there would be only a partial loss of heritage significance, and a record would advance understanding of the assets while much of their heritage significance is retained.
11.10.5 Mitigation of physical effects on historic hedgerows and other components of the historic landscape (e.g. replanting and reinstatement) would completely negate the adverse impacts on them
Predicted residual effects related to the settings of assets and historic landscape character
11.10.6 It is predicted that the operation of the Proposed Development within the settings of certain assets would result in minor or negligible significance effects on 28 assets, one of which is designated. Construction and operation of the Proposed Development is also predicted to adversely affect the legibility and appreciability of one Registered Historic Landscape and five non-designated historic landscape character areas, resulting in effects of minor or negligible significance. These effects cannot readily be mitigated. Therefore the residual effects are predicted to
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be the same as those listed in Section 11.7 above.
11.10.7 These effects are not substantial (EN-1, DECC 2011a, paragraph 5.8.14), and in the case of Listed Buildings, the key elements of their special architectural or historic interest is preserved.
Summary effects table
11.10.8 All predicted adverse effects of the Proposed Development on the historic environment, the mitigation proposed to mitigate effects where possible, and the resulting residual effect is summarised in Table 11.8, below.
11.10.9 In Table 11.8, assets are identified by their unique identification reference (UID) and name; further details are presented in the gazetteer in Volume 3, Appendix, 11.1, Tables 11.17-11.22. Where an asset is designated, this is indicated in bold type. Heritage significance and magnitude of impact are used as described on Table 11.2 and Table 11.3 of this chapter, while significance of effect before mitigation and residual effect are calculated in the manner described on Table 11.4 and accompanying text.
11.10.10 ‘Phase’ on Table 11.8 refers to the phase of the Proposed Development and is indicated by an initial for construction (C), operation (O) or decommissioning (D). The column ‘Drn’ refers to the duration of the identified effect, which may be permanent (‘P’) or temporary: short-term (‘T-s’), medium term (‘T-m’), or long term (‘T-l’); these classifications are described in more detail in Section 11.4 of this Chapter. The column ‘P/S’ refers to whether an identified effect is setting-related or physical; in some cases, both are indicated.
11.10.11 The column ‘Works’ indicates to which aspect of the Proposed Development works the identified effect relates. These are:
. OHL(s): Construction, presence, and subsequent removal of a 132kV overhead line from near Llandyfaelog to near Llangunnor;
. OHL(n): Construction, presence, and subsequent removal of a 132kV
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overhead line from near Peniel to Brechfa East;
. UGC: Installation and subsequent removal of a 132kV underground cable though the Towy Valley;
. SS: Alteration, presence, and subsequent removal of existing 132kV overhead lines at Burry Port substation; and
. Comp: Construction of compound sites during the construction phase.
11.10.12 The ‘Mitigation’ column indicates outline plans for mitigation work, which will be described in detail in the Outline WSI. The acronyms used refer to:
. WB Watching brief during overburden strip
. PE Provision for palaeo-environmental sampling
. RS Reinstatement of boundaries/earthworks
11.10.13 The figures referred to in Table 11.8 are contained in Volume 2.
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Table 11.8 Summary of predicted adverse effects
Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Towy Valley Map Registered OHL(s), Minor (S), 1-4: RHL2 High C,O P P,S Negligible Minor WB, RS Historic UGC None (P) Fig. Landscape 11.2
Map Church of St 1: LB4 Maelog Grade II Medium O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. Listed Building 11.2
Map 1: ND8 Cottage (ND) Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map Cross Inn 2: ND12 Low O P S OHL(s) Low Minor - Minor Cottage (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Farmhouse 3: ND18 Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Map Homestead 4: ND27 Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Llwyn-Yffelts, 5: ND29 Medium O P S OHL(s) Low Minor - Minor Farm (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Site of a manor 7: ND35 house/ extant Medium O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - None Fig. farmhouse (ND) 11.1
Map Bishop's Palace 9: ND44 Low C P P UGC Negligible Negligible WB, RS None Canal (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Leat to Bishops 9: ND52 Low C P P UGC Negligible Negligible WB, RS None Mill (ND) Fig. 11.1
Standing stone Map ND64 Medium O P S OHL(n) Low Minor - Minor (ND) 12:
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Fig. 11.1
Map Standing Stone 12: ND65 Medium O P S OHL(n) Low Minor - Minor (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map 14: ND69 Quarry (ND) Negligible O P S OHL(n) Low Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map 16: ND71 Vicarage (ND) Low O P S OHL(n) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map Woollen mill 16: ND73 Medium O P S OHL(n) Low Minor - Minor (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Former road 4: ND104 Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Map Former road 1: ND106 Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Site of 6: ND113 farmhouse/ Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. cottage (ND) 11.1
Map Site of 6: ND114 farmhouse/ Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. cottage (ND) 11.1
Map 11: ND130 Farm (ND) Low O P S OHL(n) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map 16: ND139 Cottage (ND) Low O P S OHL(n) Low Minor - Minor Fig. 11.1
House/ site of a Map ND140 Low O P S OHL(n) Negligible Negligible - Negligible cottage (ND) 16:
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Fig. 11.1
Map 17: ND143 Farm (ND) Low O P S OHL(n) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map Palaeochannels 10: ND166 Low C P P UGC Low Minor WB, PE None (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map possible 4: ND167 settlement plots Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. (ND) 11.1
Map quarry or pond 5: ND168 Negligible O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map 5: ND169 hollow-way (ND) Negligible O P S OHL(s) Low Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Map 5: ND171 quarry (ND) Negligible C,O P P,S OHL(s) Low Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Map former track 6: ND172 Low O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible (ND) Fig. 11.1
Map Negligible former track 6: ND173 Low C,O P P,S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible WB, RS (S), (ND) Fig. None (P) 11.1
Map Negligible 6: ND174 earthworks (ND) Low C,O P P,S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible WB (S), Fig. None (P) 11.1
Map 18: ND175 trackway (ND) Low O P S OHL(n) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. 11.1
Roman road Map ND186 Low C P P UGC Negligible Negligible WB None (ND) 10:
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Fig. 11.1
Map Morlais Valley 1-2: HLC6 Medium O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible HLC Fig. 11.3
Map Croesyceilog- OHL(s), Minor (S), 1-9: HLC8 High C,O P P,S Negligible Minor WB, RS Cwmffrwd HLC UGC None (P) Fig. 11.3
Map Llandyfaelog, 1-5: HLC10 Llangyndeyrn High O P S OHL(s) Negligible Minor - Minor Fig. HLC 11.3
Map Mynydd Cyfor, 4-6: HLC14 Pant-Y-Parchell Medium O P S OHL(s) Negligible Negligible - Negligible Fig. HLC 11.3
Map Morfa Melyn 8- HLC16 High C P P UGC Negligible Minor WB, RS None HLC 10: Fig.
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
11.3
Map Ystrad Tywi: 8-9: HLC18 Carmarthen- High C P P UGC Negligible Minor WB, RS None Fig. Llandeilo HLC 11.3
Map Abergwili- 9- UGC, Minor (S), HLC20 Llanegwad High C,O P P,S Negligible Minor WB, RS 15: OHL(n) None (P) Parish HLC Fig. 11.3
Map 9- HLC23 Afon Gwili HLC Medium C P P UGC Negligible Negligible WB, RS None 11: Fig. 11.3
Map 12- HLC24 Trelech HLC High O P S OHL(n) Negligible Minor - Minor 19: Fig. 11.3
important Map HH231 Low C T P UGC Low Minor RS None hedgerow 9:
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Proposed Name / Heritage Mag. of Sig. of Residual UID Phase Drn P/S Works Miti- Fig. Description Sig. Impact Effect Effect gation
Fig. 11.3
Map important 9: HH233 Low C T P UGC Low Minor RS None hedgerow Fig. 11.3
Map important 9: HH234 Low C T P UGC Low Minor RS None hedgerow Fig. 11.3
Map important 9: HH235 Low C T P UGC Low Minor RS None hedgerow Fig. 11.3
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11.11 Cumulative Effects
11.11.1 This section considers the cumulative effects of the project in the context of (a) interaction effects (e.g. heritage and landscape) and (b) in-combination effects together with other proposed or consented developments with which the project may interact. Full details of the assessment of cumulative effects are provided in Chapter 19.
Scope of assessment of in-combination effects
11.11.2 The method used in this draft ES to define the scope for assessment of cumulative and in-combination effects is explained in Chapter 19. For the historic environment, this scope pertains to those assets reported on Table 11.8 as experiencing a minor (or greater) predicted residual significance of effect. Therefore, cumulative and in-combination effects have been considered regarding the historic landscape character of almost all of the Proposed Development route (RHL2, HLC8, HLC10, HLC20, HLC24) and six non-designated assets (ND12, ND29, ND64, ND65, ND73, ND139), but no other designated or non-designated assets are included in the scope.
11.11.3 Assessment of in-combination effects has been undertaken according to the same principles for selection of study areas as for the assessment of the Proposed Development itself (Section 11.4). All proposals were appraised to determine whether they had the potential to affect the settings of heritage assets or the historic landscape character for which effects related to the Proposed Development are predicted.
Identified in-combination effects
11.11.4 A number of developments would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they have already been built and are therefore part of the baseline conditions. These are: 15, 20, 26, 38, 101, 102, 106, 158, 163, 164, 172, 210, and 211.
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11.11.5 A number of developments would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they pertain to applications for a change of use, change of licence, or similar arrangements. These are: 2, 9, 59, 61, 62, 70, 83, 85, 93, 97, 104, 107, 115, 116, 118, 128, 134, 135, 139, 146, 149, 154, 161, 166, 170, 173, 174, 180, 191, 201, 203, 207, 209, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 226, 233, 237, 241, 244, and 250.
11.11.6 Two planning applications would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because planning permission has been refused. These are: 36 and 229.
11.11.7 A number of planning applications would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they pertain to works that would take place wholly or primarily within existing buildings. These are: 54, 55, 66, 84, 105, 112, 113, 152, 165, 169, 184, 194, 225, 235, and 243.
11.11.8 The majority of planning applications would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they pertain to small-scale applications in excess of 200m from the Proposed Development. These applications include minor works such as removal of a hedge or provision of a new trackway, as well as construction of low-rise buildings, typically between one and five. These are: 1, 3- 7, 10-14, 16-9, 21-25, 27, 28, 30-32, 34, 35, 37, 39-53, 56, 58, 63-65, 67-69, 71- 82, 86-92, 94, 95, 96, 98-100, 103, 108-111, 114, 117, 119-121, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136-138, 140-145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157, 159, 160, 162, 168, 175-178, 181-183, 187-190, 192, 193, 195-198, 200, 202, 204-206, 208, 212-215, 223, 224, 228, 230-232, 234, 236, 240, 242, 246, 248, 249, 251, 253-257, 261, 262, 267, 269, 271, 273, and 274.
11.11.9 A small number of planning applications related to proposals for moderately-sized housing developments (e.g. ten or more homes), solar farms, or provision of electricity connections would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they are over 200m from the Proposed Development route, and are wholly or partly screened by terrain and extant buildings. These are: 29,
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33, 125, 167, 247, 259, and 268.
11.11.10 Several planning applications would have no cumulative effect with the Proposed Development because they are adjacent to the underground cable area, where there would be no significant effects on the settings of assets or the character of the historic landscape. These are: 8, 57, 60, 122, 123, and 186.
11.11.11 A track proposed at Glancorrwg, Llanpumsaint (application no. 238) comes within 200m of the Proposed Development but would not affect the heritage significance of the historic landscape character.
11.11.12 Several planning applications for small-scale wind turbine developments are located within 3km of the Proposed Development. These may in themselves have an adverse effect on the historic landscape character. However, in-combination with these proposals, the Proposed Development would not result in an increased adverse effect on the historic landscape character areas in which they are proposed, or the Registered Historic Landscape (RHL2), which is located further afield. These applications are: 131, 171, 179, 199, 217, 227, 245, 252, 258, 276, 277, and 278.
11.11.13 Planning applications for construction of a meteorological mast (no. 270), and wind turbines (no. 275) are located at Brechfa Forest on the northern end of the Proposed Development. The historic landscape character area in which these proposals are located and through which the Proposed Development route passes is of negligible heritage significance. There would be no increase in the effect of the Proposed Development on the historic landscape character as a result of in- combination effects with these planning applications. A planning application for works to nearby electrical infrastructure (no. 260) would involve refurbishment of existing infrastructure, so there would be no increase in the effect of the Proposed Development on the historic landscape character as a result of in-combination effects.
Interaction effects
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11.11.14 The effects on the historic environment, and any work that is carried out to mitigate those effects, could lead to effects on environmental factors considered by other disciplines. Mitigation work for other disciplines may also affect historic environment receptors (‘assets’).
11.11.15 Potential effects on hedgerows discussed above are common to all of the historic environment, biodiversity and landscape topics.
11.11.16 There may be additional physical effects on biodiversity and landscape and views as a result of archaeological mitigation work. There may also be additional temporary, indirect effects on land use and from noise and traffic, resulting from archaeological mitigation work. However, this work would take place within areas that would be stripped as part of the construction works, so there would be no resulting increase in magnitude of effect in those areas. The effects on landscape and views, and on ecology, are as assessed by those topic specialists in Volume 1, Chapters 9 and 10.
11.12 Summary of Effects
11.12.1 There are no predicted ‘significant effects’, in EIA terms, on the historic environment as a result of the Proposed Development. Effects of minor, negligible or neutral significance are not considered in the above assessment to be ‘significant effects’ (cf. Section 11.4).
11.12.2 Two designated assets, 31 non-designated assets, nine historic landscape character areas, and four important historic hedgerows are predicted to experience effects that are ‘less than substantial harm’ (cf. EN-1) and ‘not significant’ in EIA terms.
11.12.3 The likely residual effects of the Proposed Development on the historic environment are summarised below.
Construction Effects
11.12.4 Direct physical effects are predicted in relation to one Registered Historic
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Landscape, seven non-designated assets, five historic landscape character areas, and four important historic hedgerows. Prior to mitigation, these effects are predicted to be of minor or negligible adverse significance of effect. Measures are proposed to reduce or eliminate these effects during the construction phase. On completion of the proposed measures, these predicted direct physical adverse effects would be reduced to a predicted neutral effect.
Operational Effects
11.12.5 Adverse effects are predicted in relation to development within the settings of one Grade II Listed Building and 27 non-designated assets, as well as effects on the historic character of one Registered Historic Landscape and six historic landscape character areas. Prior to mitigation, these effects are predicted to be of minor or negligible adverse significance of effect. No measures are proposed to mitigate these effects. Therefore, the residual effect would be as reported above. These effects are equivalent to ‘less than substantial harm’, and in relation to the settings of listed buildings, the special architectural or historic interest would be preserved.
Decommissioning Effects
11.12.6 Any areas required for ground works during decommissioning (e.g. removal of equipment) would be within the Proposed Development Order Limits and would therefore have been assessed and mitigated during the construction phase of the project. Therefore no residual effects on archaeological remains or historic landscape assets are predicted during the decommissioning phase.
11.12.7 The predicted adverse effects in relation to development within settings of assets or on the historic landscape character would be fully reversible on decommissioning, assuming the removal of above ground infrastructure associated with the Proposed Development.
11.13 References
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (AMAA), 1979
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Brechfa Scoping Report July 2012 Burial Act, 1857 Cadw, 2002, Ancient Monuments in Wales: What is Scheduling? Cadw, 2005, Listed Buildings in Wales: What is Listing?, 3rd edition Cadw, 2011, Conservation Principles for the sustainable management of the historic environment in Wales Cadw, WAG & CCW, 2007, Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process, 2nd Edition Carmarthenshire County Council (CCC), 2006, Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan, Part 2, Environment – Built and Historic Environment’ Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), 2011a, National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), 2011b, National Policy Statement for Energy Networks Infrastructure (EN-5) Electricity Act, 1989 (Schedule 9)
English Heritage (EH), 2011b, The Setting of Assets Institute for Archaeologists (IfA), 2012, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, 5th edition Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Amendment) (Wales) Regulations, 2009 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990 (as amended)
Statutory Instrument 1997/1160 ‘The Hedgerow Regulations’ (Schedule 1, Part 2) Statutory Instrument 1999 no. 293 ‘Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations’, 1999 Statutory Instrument 2012 No. 793 (W.108): The ‘Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Wales) Regulations’ Treasure Act, 1996
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Welsh Archaeological Trusts (WAT), 2011-14, A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales (available at: http://www.archaeoleg.org.uk/documents2011.html#content accessed 24/06/2014) Welsh Government (WG), 2014, Planning Policy Wales, Chapter 6 Conserving the Historic Environment, 6th Edition Welsh Office Circular 1/98, ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales’ Welsh Office Circular 60/96, ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology’
Welsh Office Circular 61/96, ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas’
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Contents
12 Geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions 3
12.1 Introduction 3
12.2 Legislation and policy context 4
12.3 Consultation and scoping overview 14
12.4 Assessment methodology 18
12.5 Baseline conditions 27
12.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase 48
12.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase 58
12.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase 59
12.9 Mitigation measures 59
12.10 Residual effects 59
12.11 Cumulative effects and inter-relationship effects 59
12.12 Summary of effects 64
12.13 References 64
Tables
Table 12.1 Mineral Policy
Table 12.2 Policy and guidance
Table 12.3 Summary of consultation relating to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions
Table 12.4 Sensitivity of the environment
Table 12.5 Magnitude of impact
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Table 12.6 Significance of potential effects
Table 12.7 Likelihood of potential effects
Table 12.8 Design envelope scenario assessed
Table 12.9 Assessment of potential cumulative effects – geology, hydrogeology and ground environment
Figures
Figure 12.1 Superficial Geology
Figure 12.2 Bedrock Geology
Figure 12.3 Pertinent Features
Appendices
Appendix 12.1 Geology, soil and ground conditions baseline study
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12 Geology, Hydrogeology and Ground Conditions
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 The purpose of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the baseline geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions on and adjoining the Proposed Development.
12.1.2 This chapter provides an assessment of the consequence of impact to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as a result of the construction and decommissioning phases of the Proposed Development. No impacts to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions will occur during the operation and maintenance phase of the Proposed Development.
12.1.3 A description of the Proposed Development is presented within Volume 1 Chapter 2.
12.1.4 This chapter includes details relating to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions including designated geological sites, topography and ground stability, superficial and bedrock geology, hydrogeology (groundwater aquifers) and potential historic contamination.
12.1.5 The assessment of the consequence of impact considers the possible direct or indirect effects that construction and decommissioning of the Proposed Development could have on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions; and to set out measures by which these potential impacts can be mitigated or monitored.
12.1.6 The Secretary of State (SoS) set out in the scoping opinion his agreement with the conclusions of the scoping report that no consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions are likely to occur during the operational and maintenance phase. Therefore these aspects have been scoped out from further assessment with the exception of an assessment of the maintenance of underground cables in the vicinity of surface water courses.
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12.1.7 The hydrology, drainage and flood risk conditions are briefly discussed within this chapter to provide a complete overview, however it is recognised that a detailed assessment of the consequence of impact to hydrology, drainage and flood risk as a result of the Proposed Development has been undertaken and is reported as a separate chapter presented within Volume 1 Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk’.
12.1.8 An assessment of the consequence of impact to land use, agriculture and forestry (including an impact on soils) is undertaken within a separate chapter presented within Volume 1 Chapter 8 ‘Land Use, Agriculture and Forestry’.
12.1.9 The following sections of this chapter include:
. A summary of relevant planning policy relating to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions
. A description of the methodology for the assessment of the consequence of impact, including details of the study area and the approach to the assessment
. A summary of consultation with relevant stakeholders
. A review of baseline (existing) geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions on and adjoining the Proposed Development
. Details of the measures proposed as part of the Proposed Development to avoid, mitigate or reduce environmental impacts
. An assessment of the likely consequence of impact for the construction and decommissioning phases of the Proposed Development, taking into account embedded mitigation measures proposed
. An assessment of any cumulative effects with other proposed developments.
12.2 Legislation and policy context
12.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further discussion on policy is provided
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within Chapter 7.
National Policy
National Policy Statements
12.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
12.2.3 Parts 5.3, 5.7, 5.10 and 5.12, provide policy and guidance on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions.
Geology and Ground Conditions
12.2.4 Part 5.3 of the NPS states, at paragraph 5.3.3 that “where development is subject to EIA the applicant should ensure that the ES clearly sets out any effects on internationally, nationally and locally designated sites of ecological or geological conservation importance, ...” Furthermore it requires the applicant to demonstrate how the project has taken advantage of opportunities to conserve and enhance biodiversity and geological conservation interests.
12.2.5 Such information is included within the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter along with the measures taken to conserve and enhance such geological interests.
12.2.6 Paragraph 5.3.8, states that the decision-maker will ensure that appropriate weight is attached to designated sites of international, national and local importance, protected species, habitats and biodiversity and geological interests within the
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wider environment. This is highlighted further through section 5.3.9 to 5.3.17, which describes the above, their different levels of importance and how the decision-maker should decide on applications which impact different types of sites, species and habitats.
12.2.7 In relation to mitigation 5.3.18 states that appropriate mitigation measures should be an integral part of the proposed development. This includes ensuring activities are confined to minimum areas, demonstrate during construction and operation best practice is followed to ensure that the risk of disturbance or damage is minimised.
12.2.8 Furthermore, in relation to ground conditions, the NPS states that the applicants should identify any effects and seek to minimise the impacts on soil quality. Paragraph 5.10.8 highlights that applicants should ensure that they have considered the risk posed by land contamination. In relation to mineral resources the NPS states applicants should safeguard any mineral resources and take into account the long-term potential of the land use after any future decommissioning has taken place.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
12.2.9 The National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN-5 provides technology-specific guidance in relation to biodiversity and geological conservation although Part 2.7 Biodiversity and Geological Conservation does focus primarily on biodiversity. EN-5 requires that in terms of decision making the decision-maker should ensure that issues have been taken into consideration and appropriate mitigation measures taken.
Hydrogeology
12.2.10 Section 5.15 of the NPS states, at paragraph 5.15.2 that “where the project is likely to have effects on the water environment, the applicant should undertake an assessment of the existing status of and impacts of the proposed development on water quality, water resources and physical characteristics of the water
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environment.
12.2.11 The NPS sets out what a ES should include:
. Existing quality of waters affected by the proposed development on water quality and the impact of the proposed development on the water quality, including existing, new and changes to discharges;
. Impacts of the proposed development on water resources, noting relevant existing, new and proposed changes to abstraction rates;
. Existing physical characteristics of the water environment (including quantity and dynamics of flow) affected by the proposed project and any impact of physical modifications to these characteristics; and
. Impacts of the proposed project on water bodies or protected areas under the Water Framework Directive and source protection zones (SPZs) around potable groundwater abstractions.
12.2.12 The hydrogeological implications of the above are considered within this chapter with the impact related to hydrology, drainage and flood risk reported in Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk’.
12.2.13 Paragraph 5.15.6 states that decision makers ensure that the proposed development has regard to River Basin Management Plans and meets the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (including Article 4.7) and its daughter directives, including those on priority substances and groundwater.
12.2.14 In relation to mitigation, paragraph 5.15.8 states that the decision maker should consider whether mitigation measures are needed over and above any which may form part of the project application.
Other Planning Policy
12.2.15 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it
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considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy
Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
12.2.16 The Wales Spatial Plan sets out national cross-cutting national spatial priorities and identifies six sub-regions within Wales. Under the topic, ‘Valuing our Environment’ a number of environmental challenges are presented. The Proposed development sits at the eastern edge of the Pembroke – The Haven sub-region.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
12.2.17 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
12.2.18 Paragraph 5.1.2 sets out the Welsh Government’s objectives for the conservation and improvement of the natural heritage, which includes geology, landforms and biodiversity and Wales’ natural beauty and amenity:
. “promote the conservation of landscape and biodiversity, in particular the conservation of native wildlife and habitats; . ensure that action in Wales contributes to meeting international responsibilities and obligations for the natural environment; . ensure that statutorily designated sites are properly protected and managed; . safeguard protected species, and to . promote the functions and benefits of soils, and in particular their function as a carbon store.”
12.2.19 Welsh Government states that it is a key role of the planning system to ensure that society’s land requirements are met, whilst all reasonable steps are taken to safeguard or enhance the environment. PPW highlights that there could be issues, which could minimised, but also there are new opportunities for sustainable development.
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12.2.20 Section 5.5 refers specifically to development management and the conservation and improvement of the natural heritage. It also states that it is important to ensure all reasonable steps are taken to safeguard or enhance environmental quality of the land.
12.2.21 Section 13.10 of PPW highlights the need to improve water and air quality. Paragraph 13.10.1 states that “The planning system should determine whether a development is an acceptable use of land and should control other development in proximity to potential sources of pollution rather than seeking to control the processes or substances used in any particular development”.
12.2.22 Section 13.12 considers development management and improvements to the quality of water and air. It states that pollution affecting the use of land will be a material consideration and will include location, impact on health and amenity, risk to the surrounding environment, prevention of nuisance, impact on the transport network and the need, where relevant, and feasibility of restoring the land to standard sufficient for an appropriate use.
Technical Advice Notes
Technical Advice Notes 5: Nature Conservation and Planning (2009)
12.2.23 Technical Advice Note (TAN) 5 provides advice on how the land use planning system should contribute to protecting and enhancing biodiversity and geological conservation.
12.2.24 The TAN provides advice for local planning authorities on matters including:
. the key principles of positive planning for nature conservation;
. nature conservation in development management procedures
. development affecting protected internationally and nationally designated sites and habitats
. development affecting protected and priority habitats and species.
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12.2.25 Matters listed for possible consideration within PPW and TAN 5, relevant to geological conservation have been included within the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Local Policy
12.2.26 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
12.2.27 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies which are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Appendix 7.1 of this draft ES.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
12.2.28 The relevant policies are listed below:
. CDUP9 - Landscape/ Environment
. GDC1- Sustainable Development
. GDC2 - Overall Development Policy
. GDC15- Contaminated Land and Previously Developed Land
. GDC34- Previously Developed Land
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. EN1 - Site Protection- International Sites
. EN2 - Site Protection- National Sites
. EN3 - Site Protection- Regional/Local Designations
. EN10 - Protection of Controlled Waters and Water Resources
. UT2 - Electricity Lines
. UT11 – Contaminated Land
. UT12 - Pollution
. UT13 - Unstable Land
Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
12.2.29 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1 - Sustainable Places and Spaces
. SP14 - Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Environment
. GP1 - Sustainability and High Quality Design
. EQ3 - Regional and Local Designations
. EQ4 - Biodiversity
. EP1 - Water and Environmental Capacity
12.2.30 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in that it provides specific protection geology and the water environment (e.g. CUDP EN1-3, EN10 and eCLDP EQ3 and EP1).
Policy Conclusions
12.2.31 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS
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EN-1 provides policy and guidance on matters pertaining to the environment and as such has informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters, these may include national and local planning policy. Relevant national and local planning policy has been reviewed and has informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Table 12.1 – Mineral Policy
Policy name Key provisions Section where comment addressed
Minerals Planning Policy Sets out the land use There are no identified Wales (MPPW) planning policy guidance extant mineral planning (December 2000) of the Welsh Government consents or sites with in relation to mineral active mineral extraction extraction and related close to the Proposed development in Wales, Development, therefore which includes all minerals assessment of this has and substances in, on or been scoped out as agreed under land extracted by the SoS. either by underground or surface working
Minerals Technical Sets out detailed advice There are no identified Advice Note (MTAN) 1: on the mechanisms for extant mineral planning Aggregates delivering the policy for consents or sites with aggregates extraction by active mineral extraction mineral planning close to the Proposed authorities and the Development, therefore aggregates industry. assessment of this has been scoped out.
12.2.32 Relevant national and local planning policy has been reviewed and has informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter. This chapter has taken into account the provisions of these policies by identifying geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions features (including sites with potential contamination legacies), potential contaminant migration pathways and sensitive receptors within or within close proximity to the Proposed Development. This includes for instance
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designated geological sites, sites known to be contaminated or with the potential to be contaminated (through historic land use) and aquifer designations and sensitive groundwater resources.
12.2.33 These are further described within section 12.4 of this chapter.
12.2.34 In addition to the National and Local policies the guidance documents presented in Table 12.2 have also been taken into account when undertaking the assessment.
Table 12.2 – Policy and guidance
Policy name Key provisions Section where comment addressed
Natural Resources Guidance for the Mitigation to be protective Wales (NRW), formerly development close to peat of peat resources is the Countryside Council resources presented within section of Wales (CCW), 12.9 of this chapter. Assessing the impact of wind farm developments on peatlands in Wales (January 2010)
Natural Resources Pollution prevention Mitigation measures to be Wales formerly the guidance for a range of protective of the Environment Agency activities during environment are presented Wales (EAW), Pollution construction and within section 12.9 of this Prevention Guidance decommissioning phases. chapter. (PPGs)
Construction industry Guidance for the control of Mitigation measures to be research and information groundwater during protective of groundwater association (CIRIA) 113 construction works. resources are presented Control of Groundwater within section 12.9 of this for Temporary Works, chapter. 1988
CIRIA 630 Sustainable Guidance on how water Mitigation measures to be water management in related issues may be protective of groundwater land use planning, 2006 considered within the land resources are presented use planning process. within section 12.9 of this chapter.
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Policy name Key provisions Section where comment addressed
CIRIA 692 Construction activities have Assessment of Environmental Good the potential to affect the environmental impacts Practice on Site, 2011 surrounding environment undertaken within section including neighbours as 12.6 and 12.8 of this well as the wider chapter. environment.
British Standards Methodology for Requirement for site Institution (2011), ‘BS undertaking appropriate investigation presented 10175:2011. ground investigations for within section 12.9 of this Investigation of sites with contamination chapter. potentially contaminated legacies. sites: Code of practice’
Environment Agency Provides a framework for Requirement for site (2004a), Model investigating, assessing investigation presented Procedures for the and remediating within section 12.9 of this Management of contaminated land chapter. Contaminated Land. Contaminated Land Report Number 11 (CLR11), September 2004 (Bristol: Environment Agency)
Environment Agency The EA guiding principles Requirement for site (2010a), ‘GPLC1 – are their generic guidance investigation presented Guiding Principles of for dealing with within section 12.9 of this Land Contamination’, contaminated land. The chapter. ‘GPLC2 – Frequently principles describe what Asked Questions, the EA consider to be good Technical Information, practice. Detailed Advice and References’, and ‘GPLC3 – Reporting Checklists’, all March 2010.
12.3 Consultation and scoping overview
12.3.1 As part of the scoping phase of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), WPD prepared a scoping report (July 2014) setting out the proposed approach to EIA in respect of the Proposed Development, including the identification of assessment
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methods for each EIA topic (geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions) to be assessed.
12.3.2 The PINS scoping opinion was received in August 2014. A summary of the main scoping opinion representations received in relation to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions is presented within Table 12.3, together with a summary of other relevant consultation completed to date.
Table 12.3 – Summary of consultation relating to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions
Date and consultation Consultation and issue Section where phase/ type raised comment addressed
PINS scoping opinion, Advised that the SoS Section 12.5 of this paragraph 3.28 agreed that the aspects of chapter provides baseline mineral extraction, active information relating to the or permitted, in relation to absence of mineral the Proposed resource close to the Development, could be Proposed Development. scoped out. This is owing Owing to the absence of to the absence of extant extant permissions for permissions for mineral mineral extraction or extraction or active mineral active mineral sites along sites along the Proposed the Proposed Development, as identified Development, assessment in British Geological of these has been scoped Survey (BGS) records or out. Local Development Plans (LDPs).
PINS scoping opinion, Advised that the SoS Risks to geology, paragraph 3.29 agreed that impacts of the hydrogeology and ground operational and conditions during the maintenance phases on operation and ground conditions and maintenance phase are hydrogeology could be low and have been scoped out. scoped out of further assessment.
PINS scoping opinion, Advised that the SoS did Inclusion of preliminary paragraph 3.30 not agree to scope out the risk assessment
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Date and consultation Consultation and issue Section where phase/ type raised comment addressed
preparation of a information has been preliminary risk presented within section assessment on ground 12.5 of this chapter. conditions and hydrogeology.
PINS scoping opinion, Advised that the SoS This assessment has paragraph 3.30 requires assessment of been presented within the following potential section 12.6 of this consequences of impact chapter. within the EIA: - the management of unforeseen contamination encountered during the construction or decommissioning phase; - the direct contamination of soils, surface water or groundwater by accidental import and/or spreading of contaminated material or accidental spillages within the working areas during construction; - the discharge of liquid wastes and sewage direct to ground and to controlled waters.
PINS scoping opinion, The SoS would expect to Consultation with LPAs paragraph 3.83 see agreement of the and NRW will be scope of assessment with undertaken as part of the key consultees including EIA process. EHO from the LPA and NRW
PINS scoping opinion, The SoS welcomes the The baseline paragraph 3.85 setting out of how the environmental setting baseline is to be including details of a site considered within a desk walkover are presented study. The SoS welcomes within section 12.5 of this a qualitative assessment chapter. of the likelihood of impact A qualitative assessment
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Date and consultation Consultation and issue Section where phase/ type raised comment addressed
using a risk-based of likelihood has been approach. undertaken, were appropriate, to assess the consequence of impact and is presented within sections 12.4 and 12.5 of this chapter.
PINS scoping opinion, Any ground investigation Any ground investigation paragraph 3.86 would follow the approach would follow the approach described in the described in the Contaminated Land Contaminated Land Report CLR11 (EA 2004). Report CLR11 (EA 2004), This assessment is as presented within accepted by the SoS. The section 12.9 of this SoS recommends chapter. consideration of potential Inter-relationship effects relationships with other are described within technical chapters such as section 12.11 of this ecology. chapter.
PINS scoping opinion, The SoS recommends Steel pylons are not paragraph 3.87 that the identification of proposed as part of the the location of steel Proposed Development. pylons, their associated Wooden poles are buried foundation works and the by 2m to 2.5m depth with impact of the foundations no associated on sensitive receptors foundations. Therefore an should be considered. assessment is not deemed necessary.
PINS scoping opinion, The SoS recommends These potential impacts to paragraph 3.88 that the control of ground conditions are unforeseen contamination, presented within section potential for the direct 12.5 and 12.8 of this contamination of soils, chapter. surface water or accidental spillages and discharge of liquid wastes to ground and controlled waters are assessed for the construction and
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Date and consultation Consultation and issue Section where phase/ type raised comment addressed
decommissioning phases.
PINS scoping opinion, During the construction Potential impacts arising paragraph 3.88 phase, the potential break during the construction out of drilling fluids should phase as a result of the be assessed by the ES, potential break out of especially with regard to drilling fluids has been potential impacts upon the assessed within section Afon Tywi SAC and SSSI. 12.5 of this chapter. Where mitigation is Details relating to proposed through a mitigation measures to CEMP, details of these prevent the break out of should be provided drilling fluids are together with evidence as presented within section to how these would be 12.9 of this chapter. secured.
PINS scoping opinion, The SoS recommends Assessment of the paragraph 3.89 that the ES provides maintenance and consideration of the decommissioning of the impacts of maintenance/ underground cable is decommissioning of the presented within sections underground cable, 12.7 and 12.8 of this particularly in the vicinity chapter of the above ground waterbodies.
12.4 Assessment methodology
12.4.1 The potential consequence of impact from the construction of the Proposed Development on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions has been identified based on a detailed understanding of the local geological and regional hydrogeological regimes. This was obtained by carrying out a site walkover visit, and a review of readily available environmental third party information, such as the EA and NRW websites and collation of information obtained from relevant consultees.
12.4.2 The collation and review of the available information was used to produce a
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standalone baseline study for the proposed development. This is presented within Volume 3, Appendix 12.1.
12.4.3 The study area is defined as the Order Limits comprising a 25m wide alignment for the OHL, including a 5m longitudinal alignment in each direction. A 20m wide (2m either side of a 16m wide working corridor) alignment for underground sections (open cut trench) has been assessed, set within a 500m site buffer zone (250m either side of the Order Limits). An example of the Order Limits and study area is presented within Plate 12.1.
Plate 12.1 Example of study area and Order Limits
Desk-based assessment
12.4.4 A desk-based geo-environmental study was undertaken to collect baseline data for the study area utilising a radius search buffer of 500m. A 500m buffer was selected, based on professional judgement, considering the context of the Proposed Development and distance over which likely significant effects could occur relating to geology and ground conditions. Owing to potential hydraulic continuity of controlled waters (e.g. groundwater) beyond the buffer zone, potential controlled water receptors (e.g. groundwater abstractions) within a radius of 2km
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of the buffer zone have also been considered within the assessment.
12.4.5 The desk-based review was undertaken using information from the following data sources:
. Mapping including geological maps (both solid and drift geology), hydrogeological maps, and groundwater vulnerability maps;
. Publicly available borehole records held by the British Geological Survey (BGS);
. An assessment of the environmental sensitivity of the study area, through a review of an environmental database, including the identification of geologically designated sites;
. Details of nearby pollution incidents, landfill sites and groundwater source protection zones (SPZ) obtained from the NRW;
. An assessment of BGS minerals data.
Site-based assessment
th th 12.4.6 A walkover survey of the study area was undertaken on 5 and 6 August 2014 to confirm the current status of the study area, surrounding land-use, the potential for contamination from current site activity and to allow identification of any areas of potential concern. The walkover also assisted in confirming the findings of the desk-based study and to identify any omissions.
12.4.7 No intrusive ground investigations or associated chemical, geotechnical or civil engineering laboratory testing has been undertaken prior to the issue of this draft ES.
Study area
12.4.8 The Proposed Development is shown on Figure 12.1 presented in Volume 2 and discussed in detail within Volume 1 Chapter 2 ‘The Proposed Scheme’.
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12.4.9 The Proposed Development follows a corridor of approximately 29km length, commencing approximately 10km south of Carmarthen and 3km east of the Towy estuary, close to Llandyfaelog.
12.4.10 The Proposed Development passes east of Carmarthen, crossing the River Towy at approximate National Grid reference (NGR) 243336 220186. North of the River Towy, the Proposed Development proceeds northwards, passing west of Peniel, Rhydargaeau and Pontarsais until reaching the south of Alltwalis before trending east through the Brechfa Forest north of Llanllawdogg to the proposed Brechfa West wind farm substation.
12.4.11 The southern extent of the Proposed Development south of the River Towy, passes through a formerly glaciated area, signified by gently rolling hills created by the harder geological formations and erosion of the glacial deposits.
12.4.12 The land use within this southern extent of the route is dominated by agricultural practices, including pasture and arable farming with smaller wooded areas.
12.4.13 North of Carmarthen, the general topography increases in height and is dominated by steep hills with sudden changes in local topography. Land use is dominated by upland pasture and highland vegetation. The topography continues to rise to the north towards Brechfa Forest that is dominated by woodland.
12.4.14 Selected photographs taken along the Proposed Development are presented within Annex 2 of Appendix 12.1 presented within Volume 3 to give an insight to the landscape that the Proposed Development passes through; particular features and photograph locations are highlighted on Figure 12.3.
12.4.15 The potential consequence of impact in relation to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions including ground contamination and land quality has been assessed using guidance given in the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) document 552 ‘Contaminated Land Risk Assessment, A Guide to Good Practice’.
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Identification and assessment of impacts and mitigation measures
12.4.16 The assessment of the consequence of impacts arising from the Proposed Development on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions has been determined by identifying the magnitude of impact and the sensitivity of the environment.
12.4.17 The sensitivity of the environment is defined within Table 12.4.
Table 12.4 – Sensitivity of the environment
Receptor sensitivity/ Description importance
Very high Land defined as Contaminated Land under Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act, 1990 (as amended). Human end users of the site– residential dwellings with private garden. Designated geological areas (sites of special scientific interest (SSSI), special areas of conservation (SAC), regionally important geological sites (RIGS), geological conservation review sites (GCRs).
High Areas of known/ confirmed contaminated land/ groundwater. Designated mineral and aggregate safeguarded areas (MSAs/ASAs). Inner groundwater source protection zones (SPZ 1). Areas of high groundwater vulnerability. Principal aquifers. Landfill sites. Glacial geomorphological features (pingos) Rivers with a Grade A & B water quality classification. Areas of flood risk (Flood Zone 3 (highly probable)). Potable water abstractions. Residential properties and their occupants. Areas of critical topography, including steep slopes. Sites with existing mineral planning permission.
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Principal rivers. Peat deposits.
Medium Outer groundwater source protection zones and total catchment areas (SPZ 2 and SPZ 3). Secondary aquifers (A and B). Flood zone 2 (medium probability). Areas with intermediate groundwater vulnerability. Rivers with a Grade C &D water quality classification. Human receptor – workforce and operators with prior knowledge of site conditions. Sites with lapsed planning permission for mineral extraction, extraction that may still be extant, or may have lapsed. This includes former quarries which may be inactive (including yet to be worked), worked-out and/or restored (not MSAs). Agricultural land including farm workers. Secondary rivers.
Low Rivers with a Grade E & F water quality classification. Areas with low groundwater vulnerability. Secondary aquifers (undifferentiated). Tertiary rivers.
Very low Industrial site topography. Unproductive strata. Drains and ditches
12.4.18 Human end users, specifically those occupying residential dwellings with private gardens are considered to be a more sensitive receptor than site workers / operatives due to differences in the way a site is used and the potential exposure pathways created.
12.4.19 The magnitude of impact is defined within Table 12.5.
Table 12.5 – Magnitude of impact
Magnitude Definition
Very high Total loss or substantial alteration to key
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elements or features of the baseline (pre- development) conditions such that the post- development character, composition or attributes will be fundamentally changed.
Short term (acute) risk to human health likely to result in ‘significant harm’ as defined by the Environment Protection Act 1990, Part IIA and defined in guidance provided in CIRIA C552.
High Loss or alteration to one or more key elements or features of the baseline conditions such that post-development character, composition or attributes of the baseline will be materially changed.
Chronic damage to human health (‘significant harm’ as defined in guidance provided in CIRIA C552).
Medium A minor shift away from baseline conditions. Change arising from the loss or alteration will be discernible but not material. The underlying character, composition or attributes of the baseline condition will be similar to the pre- development circumstances or situation.
Non-permanent human health effects easily prevented by use of personal protective equipment, as defined in guidance provided in CIRIA C552.
Low Very little change from baseline conditions. Change barely distinguishable from pre- development baseline.
Non-permanent human health effects easily prevented by use of personal protective equipment as presented within guidance provided in CIRIA C552.
Very low Changes are not discernible compared with the pre-development baseline condition.
Impacts to human health are not discernible as presented within guidance provided in CIRIA C552.
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12.4.20 The categories used when classifying the overall consequence of impact (either beneficial, negligible or adverse; short, medium or long-term; temporary or permanent; and at a local, district, national or international level) are defined in Table 12.6, by considering the sensitivity of the environment and the magnitude of impact, which is based on the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment’s ‘State of Environmental Impact Assessment in the UK’ that states that the most common methodology used to evaluate significance (consequence of impact) is to compare the magnitude of the predicted impact with the sensitivity of the receiving environment.
12.4.21 In this approach ‘magnitude’ and ‘sensitivity’ are used as descriptors of a wide range of different factors. ‘Magnitude’ includes the spatial extent of the impact; the time period over which the impact will occur; and whether the impact is permanent or reversible.
12.4.22 Assessment of the significance of potential effect is described in Table 12.6.
Table 12.6 – Significance of potential effects
Magnitude of impact
Very High High Medium Low Very Low
Very High Major Major Moderate Minor Minor
High Major Moderate Minor Minor Negligible
Medium Moderate Minor Minor Negligible Negligible
Receptorsensitivity Low Minor Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible
Very Low Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
Note: red shaded cells are defined as significant impacts. Yellow and green shaded cells are defined as not significant.
12.4.23 The assessment of the consequence of impact has been made prior to the
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implementation of mitigation, however the assessment considers embedded mitigation within the design. Should the assessment (inclusive of embedded mitigation) identify consequences of impact of moderate or greater, then further mitigation is prescribed to reduce the consequence of impact.
12.4.24 A qualitative assessment of likelihood is considered appropriate, for selected potential effects to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions. There are scenarios where the likelihood of an effect is certain, for instance where effects would definitely not occur (e.g. impact to designated sites because the Proposed Development avoids them through design).
12.4.25 Where the certainty of the effect could be variable, professional judgement, an understanding of the ground conditions and knowledge of the Proposed Development has been used in assessing the likelihood of the consequence of impact.
12.4.26 The likelihood of the potential consequence of impact occurring is then explicitly taken into account to derive the overall consequence of impact for those potential effects to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions for the construction and decommissioning phases, where applicable.
12.4.27 The levels of likelihood that have been considered are shown in Table 12.7 and the method for assessing the likelihood as set out in the IEMA quality mark article, Xodus, Impact Significance - A Risk Based Approach. IEMA, Date Unknown.
Table 12.7 – Likelihood of potential effects
Likelihood Definition
The event appears very likely in the short term and almost Highly likely inevitable over the long term or there is evidence at the receptor of harm or pollution
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Likelihood Definition
It is probable that an event will occur or circumstances are Likely such that the event is not inevitable, but possible in the short term and likely over the long term
Circumstances are possible under which an event could Low likelihood occur, but it is not certain even in the long term that an event would occur and it is less likely in the short term
Circumstances are such that it is improbable the event Unlikely would occur even in the long term
12.4.28 The overall consequence of impact (significance of effects) is a judgement about the combination of the magnitude of impact and the sensitivity of the environment. This draft ES records judgements about the likely significance of effects arising from the Proposed Development.
Uncertainty and technical difficulties encountered
12.4.29 To date, no intrusive ground investigations have been undertaken for components of the proposed development. Therefore there is currently no data on soil quality or geotechnical parameters.
12.4.30 The reasonable worst case scenario considered for Chapter 12 ‘Geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions’ considers that the entire length of the Proposed Development is constructed within a single phase, with multiple starting points along the length of the Proposed Development.
12.4.31 Overall, despite the identified uncertainties, it is considered that the available data is sufficient to provide a robust basis for the assessments undertaken.
12.5 Baseline conditions
12.5.1 The existing geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions have been comprehensively described within a standalone baseline study, which is presented in Volume 3 as Appendix 12.1.
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12.5.2 A brief summary of the key aspects relating to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions for the study area pre-construction is presented below.
Superficial geology
12.5.3 Published geological data indicate that superficial deposits are generally absent from most of the higher land, north of the River Towy although may be present in the base of valleys, associated with the Afon Gwili and its tributaries in the upland areas. Superficial deposits are also associated with the River Towy in the vicinity of Carmarthen. Unconsolidated superficial deposits comprise clay, silt, sand and gravel in varying proportions dependent upon the depositional environment. All were deposited in the Quaternary period and are variously described as Alluvium, Glaciofluvial Deposits, Head Deposits, Alluvial Fan Deposits, Glaciolacustrine Deposits, and Hummocky Glacial Deposits.
12.5.4 Glacial Till (diamicton) of the Quaternary Period is found sporadically at lower levels within the upland valleys and more extensively within areas south of the River Towy.
12.5.5 A number of pingos, a type of glacial geomorphological feature, have been identified in proximity to the Proposed Development close to Allt Galtwalis north of Pontarsais at NGR 243950 230500. These are described as depressions scraped out by the ice which are surrounded by clay and other impervious material forming ‘ramparts’. These may hold water in ponds which infill over time with vegetation and peat so that bog vegetation forms in the hollows.
12.5.6 Small pockets of peat are mapped close to the Proposed Development. These occur at the following locations:
. Three mapped pockets of peat are located within 100m of the Proposed Development around NGR 244800 217700 to the south-south-west of Nantycaws;
. One mapped pocket of peat is located beneath the Proposed Development at NGR 243500 227300 with a further two areas of peat within 100m of that
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location.
12.5.7 The superficial alluvial deposits associated with the River Towy and Afon Gwili are generally designated a secondary A aquifer. Those alluvial deposits associated with the smaller upland tributaries are designated secondary B aquifers.
12.5.8 The glacial Till has been designated as a non productive aquifer.
12.5.9 Artificial ground is generally absent from beneath the Proposed Development.
Bedrock geology
12.5.10 Published geological data show that the Proposed Development is underlain by folded and faulted strata of Ordovician; Silurian; and in the southern most extent of the Proposed Development, Lower Devonian age.
12.5.11 The Ordovician strata generally comprise undifferentiated mudstone, siltstone and sandstone and underlie the majority of the Proposed Development to the north and south of Carmarthen. The Silurian strata generally comprise mudstones and turbidite facies (mudstones and sandstones interbedded with conglomerate), these are generally found underlying the northern part of the Proposed Development. The Devonian strata generally comprise interbedded sandstones and conglomerate.
12.5.12 The bedrock geology including Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian deposits are highly folded and faulted with numerous inferred and observed normal faults crossing the Proposed Development.
12.5.13 In general, the Ordovician and Silurian bedrock strata north of the River Towy are designated a secondary B aquifer, with the exception of the Llandovery age strata to the north of Pontarsais that are designated a secondary A aquifer.
12.5.14 Bedrock strata in the southern-most extent of the Proposed Development, south of the River Towy are generally designated as a secondary A aquifer.
12.5.15 There are no principal aquifers located beneath the Proposed Development.
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Hydrogeological designations
12.5.16 The Environment Agency website indicates that there are no groundwater Source Protection Zones (SPZ) beneath the Proposed Development.
12.5.17 There are seven groundwater abstractions within 2 km of the Proposed Development but none closer than 1 km.
12.5.18 There are eight surface water abstractions within 2 km of the Proposed Development. The closest of which is located at Pontarsais (NGR 243870 228640), used for non potable purposes at an un-named stream at Danfforddgaer.
12.5.19 There are ten private water supply records recorded by CCC that are located within 250 m of the Proposed Development and are used for general domestic and potable use.
Preliminary flood risk
12.5.20 The majority of the Proposed Development falls outside of areas defined as being susceptible to flood risk. This is owing to the topographic relief across much of the Proposed Development area. The exceptions to this are where the Proposed Development crosses rivers or tributaries where the route may pass through flood zones 2 and 3. A more detailed assessment of flood risk is presented within Volume 1 Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk’.
Designated geological sites
12.5.21 Two sites designated for their geological sensitivity have been identified within 1,000m of the Proposed Development. Allt Penycoed located to the south of the A48 at NGR 244300 218150 has been designated as a SSSI for the geological stratigraphy of the Ordovician period (Arenig-Llanvirn) geology and fossil bearing strata.
12.5.22 A regionally important geological (RIG) site noted at NGR 243340 222640. The RIG site is located north of Glangwili along the A485 and comprises a rock outcrop along the road cutting for the A485. The RIG designation applies to this exposed
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bedrock outcrop of the Asaphus Ash Formation (felsic tuff and limestone) formed approximately 461 to 467 million years ago. The formation is rich in shelly fauna, particularly trilobites.
Radon
12.5.23 Miles et al. (2007) indicate that the Proposed Development is located in an area where the risk of significant ingress of radon into enclosed structures on-site is considered moderate to high.
Mining and Quarrying
12.5.24 The Proposed Development does not fall within an area that is or has been subject to coal mining; brine or gypsum extraction; or tin mining. There are no extant planning permissions for mineral extraction located within close proximity to the Proposed Development although the route crosses a number of Category 2 and to a lesser extent Category 1 mineral safeguarding areas for sand and gravel. These are associated with the alluvial deposits of the water courses including the Nant Pibwr, River Towy, Afon Gwili (and its tributaries).
12.5.25 Historic below ground mining for lead ore is recorded to have been undertaken adjacent to the Proposed Development to the south east of Carmarthen.
12.5.26 Quarrying has taken place in a few locations close to the route. These activities are recorded as having ceased and typically comprised the extraction of sandstone, clay, shale, sand and gravel.
Landfill and sites of potential contaminative use
12.5.27 No active landfills have been identified beneath the Proposed Development. However, seven historic and authorised landfills were noted within 1,000 m of the Proposed Development. The closest of which is at Penycoed Farm, Nantycaws (NGR 244503 217979), located within 30 m of the Proposed Development south- east of Carmarthen, it was noted to receive non-biodegradable wastes.
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12.5.28 There are no recorded sites located within 500 m of the Proposed Development that have been designated as Contaminated Land under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act, 1990.
12.5.29 A number of land uses in close proximity to the Proposed Development have been identified with the potential to result in contamination of soils or groundwater. These include dairy and livestock farming, vehicle repairs, container storage, tool hire, historic mining and fuel stations. The closest of which are detailed below:
. A fuel service station is located within 240 m of the Proposed Development at Uplands, Carmarthen on the A484 (NGR 241151 212919);
. Slurry pits (waste disposal sites) close to Nantycaws (NGR 244046 218203 and 243969 218088) located within 100 m of the Proposed Development;
. A fuel service station is located within 125 m of the Proposed Development at Peniel (NGR 243723 225624).
12.5.30 A below ground high-pressure oil or gas pipeline crosses from east to west beneath the Proposed Development close to Allt Penycoed at NGR 244638 217814.
Land use history
12.5.31 The land use history for the majority of land beneath the Proposed Development has remained rural / agricultural from prior to published OS maps (circa 1885) until the present. Relatively few developments have occurred close to the Proposed Development and land use continues to be dominated by rural and agricultural activities with isolated hamlets, farms and occasional larger population centres such as Carmarthen.
12.5.32 Further details relating to land use are presented within Volume 1 Chapter 8 ‘Land Use, Agriculture and Forestry’.
Key parameters for assessment
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12.5.33 The prediction of the consequence of impact considers the details and nature of the Proposed Development and, where options exist, uses a reasonable worst case in terms of potential effects to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions.
12.5.34 The receptor sensitivities have been designated in accordance with the method presented within Table 12.4. The assessment considers effects prior to the implementation of any mitigation (however embedded mitigation that is ‘designed in’ to the project is considered to form part of the Proposed Development). The assessment of the consequence of impact considers each potential effect on or to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions for the Proposed Development components. Where higher sensitivity receptors are identified along the proposed development, these are then further discussed in detail.
12.5.35 The worst case realistic scenario has been developed by considering the most adverse, yet realistic scenario (i.e. the maximum physical dimensions of the HDD sections or open cut trenches) including all embedded mitigation measures. It is assumed that this scenario is the worst case. All other scenarios for other design components (i.e. wooden poles and temporary access tracks) may be considered to result in less severe significance than is described in the subsequent assessment.
Design envelope assessed
12.5.36 This section identifies the maximum adverse scenario in environmental terms, defined by the project design envelope. This establishes the maximum potential adverse impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions.
12.5.37 The maximum dimensions and construction scenarios of the different assets forming part of the Proposed Development are described in detail within Volume 1, Chapter 2 ‘Project Description’. The key proposed assets are summarised as follows:
. Wooden pole structures embedded into the ground by between 2m and 2.5m
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depending upon pole type and secured with timber baulks and steel braces. Wooden poles typically do not need concrete foundations. Steel wire cable stays anchored into concrete or wood cable stay blocks buried more than 1.5m below ground level will be used to support some poles
. Cables will be installed in either an open cut trench (typically 1.5m deep and wide), or in ducts within a driven bore (driven by HDD). Open cut trenching will be used to install the majority of the cable in relatively unconstrained areas and HDD would be used to pass under significant environmental and physical features such as main rivers
. A main central construction compound located on part of the Carmarthen Showground (west of Carmarthen) adjacent to the A40;
. A satellite compound will be used, located within Brechfa Forest at an existing cleared area;
. Up-grading works on existing infrastructure at the New Lodge substation including:
. Install circuit breaker within the substation compound;
. Install underground cabling between towers W38, C6 and substation;
. Install sealing end platforms and connect underground cable to existing OHL;
. Install a new overhead span between towers W38 and C6;
. Dismantle a span of conductor between W40/EE5 and B5/C4
Table 12.8 – Design envelope scenario assessed
Potential effect Maximum adverse scenario Justification assessed
Encountering Sites with known Embedded mitigation unforeseen contamination (such as measures presented contamination landfills) have been avoided within subsequent by careful alignment of the paragraphs are designed
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proposed development. In the to address unforeseen event of encountering contamination, should this contamination, embedded be encountered. These mitigation detailed within embedded mitigation subsequent sections would be measures could form part applied. of the CEMP.
Creation of pathways Cable and HDD: The proposed cable and for contaminants to Open cut trenches 1.5m HDD sections (linear below groundwater and by 1.5m and 500m- ground features) have the surface water 800m length, potential to act as resources, including Ducted system, lengths preferential migration pathways for ground of 40-50m with joint pathways for contaminants, gas or landfill gas bays every 500m- such as along granular 800m, joint bays are 6m service backfill material. by 2m in plan by 1.5m depth, HDD cables 10m-18m depth, 30m by 30m and 10m by 10m compound areas for HDD, Undergrounding between towers W38, C6 and substation.
Contamination of soils, Cable and HDD: The proposed cable and surface water or Open cut trenches 1.5m HDD sections have the groundwater by by 1.5m and 500m- potential to result in spillages or through 800m length, contamination of soils, accidental import of Ducted system, lengths surface water or contaminated material of 40-50m with joint groundwater owing to the and spreading during bays every 500m- heavy plant required and construction/ 800m, joint bays are 6m the import of materials for decommissioning by 2m plan by 1.5m the build. These sections depth, are also typically located HDD cables 10m-18m closest to sensitive depth, environmental receptors. 30m by 30m and 10m by 10m compound areas for HDD, Bentonite mixing areas, Undergrounding between towers W38, C6 and substation.
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Discharge of liquid Cable and HDD: The proposed cable and wastes to ground or to Open cut trenches 1.5m HDD sections have the controlled waters by 1.5m and 500m- potential to result in 800m length, contamination of soils, Ducted system, lengths surface water or of 40-50m with joint groundwater owing to the bays every 500m- heavy plant required and 800m, joint bays are 6m the import of materials for by 2m plan by 1.5m the build. These sections depth, are also typically located HDD cables 10m-18m closest to sensitive depth, environmental receptors. 30m by 30m and 10m by 10m compound areas for HDD, Undergrounding between towers W38, C6 and substation.
Direct impact on peat OHL (wooden poles): The proposed OHL resource and Working area of 25m (wooden poles) pass associated glacial by 20m, through/close to areas geomorphological Poles buried by with peat within upland features between 2m to 2.5m areas and have potential depth. to impact upon peat masses.
Direct impact on Cable and HDD: There are geologically GCR’s, geological Open cut trenches 1.5m designated sites along the SSSI, RIGS and by 1.5m and 500m- Proposed Development Geoparks and 800m length, that may be impacted by Category 1 or Ducted system, lengths the development. Category 2 Aggregate of 40-50m with joint Safeguarding areas bays every 500m- 800m, joint bays are 6m by 2m plan by 1.5m depth, HDD cables 10m-18m depth, 30m by 30m and 10m by 10m compound areas for HDD, Undergrounding between towers W38, C6 and substation.
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Interruption of, or Cable and HDD: The cable trenches and disturbance to, public Open cut trenches 1.5m HDD sections have the water supplies by 1.5m and 500m- potential to impact public 800m length, water supplies. This Ducted system, lengths includes the pollution of of 40-50m with joint surface water courses bays every 500m- used for potable 800m, joint bays are 6m abstraction. by 2m plan by 1.5m depth, HDD cables 10m-18m depth, 30m by 30m and 10m by 10m compound areas for HDD, Undergrounding between towers W38, C6 and substation.
Embedded mitigation
12.5.38 This section describes any elements of the adopted design, materials, and construction approach that is proposed and will be included as part of the Proposed Development either to specifically mitigate anticipated impacts or to avoid or reduce impacts. The subsequent assessment stage of the assessment is based on the ‘mitigated’ design.
12.5.39 Mitigation measures that were identified and adopted as part of the evolution of the project design (and are subsequently embedded into the Proposed Development) and that are relevant to this chapter are presented below. General mitigation measures, which would apply to all parts of the Proposed Development, are set out first. Thereafter mitigation measures that would apply specifically to Chapter 12 ‘Geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions’ issues associated with the Proposed Development are described separately.
12.5.40 The mitigation described within this chapter will be secured via Requirements in the DCO or via the construction environmental management plan (CEMP) and site waste management plan (SWMP), which themselves will be the subject of a Requirement of the DCO.
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12.5.41 Embedded mitigation has been assessed with regard to the construction and decommissioning phases only. This is because the operational phase has been scoped out of the assessment, as proposed within the scoping report and agreed within the PINS scoping opinion (August 2014).
General
12.5.42 All aspects of the Proposed Development have mitigation measures embedded into the design to be protective of:
. Avoiding key designations wherever possible;
. Avoiding settlements;
. Avoiding areas of sensitivity;
. Avoiding land allocated for significant development;
. Use of HDD at appropriate locations;
. Compliance with EMF exposure limits;
. Iterative process of assessment, consultation and review regarding alternative routes and sites;
. Consideration of timing of all works to reduce impacts;
. Upon decommissioning, reinstatement of land to former use;
. Use of best practice methods;
. Appropriate training of construction and site personnel;
. Establishment of project design envelope;
. Ongoing consultation with statutory and non-statutory consultees, other stakeholders and the general public.
Contamination
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12.5.43 The following legislation will be adhered to on site to reduce the risk of contamination:
. Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991;
. Water Resources Act 1991;
. Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005;
. The Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) Regulations 2001;
. Groundwater Regulations 2009;
. Water Framework Directive 2000.
12.5.44 The following EA Pollution Prevention Guidance (PPGs) will be followed on site to prevent pollution:
. Guidance for storing and handling materials and products:
PPG2: Above ground oil storage tanks;
PPG 6: Working at construction and demolition sites;
PPG 7: Refuelling facilities;
PPG 26: Drums and intermediate bulk containers.
. Guidance for site drainage, dealing with sewage and trade effluents:
PPG 3: Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems;
PPG 4: Disposal of sewage where no mains drainage is available;
PPG 13: Vehicle washing and cleaning.
. Guidance on general good environmental practice:
PPG 1: General guide to the prevention of pollution;
PPG 5: Works in, near or liable to affect watercourses;
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PPG 21: Pollution incident response planning.
12.5.45 A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be prepared for the Proposed Development and will be submitted with the DCO application.
12.5.46 The Proposed Development alignment has been selected to avoid sites of known contamination, such as historic landfills and areas of industrial activity.
12.5.47 Development of fluid pathways during HDD, between the bore hole and surface may result in the venting, or “Frac-Out”, of drilling fluid. Potential pathways and receptors will be identified for each HDD site and a Frac-Out Contingency Plan will be prepared and implemented.
Construction and decommissioning
12.5.48 A detailed methodology including the construction and decommissioning techniques to be adopted, will be agreed with the Local Planning Authority (LPA), NRW and any other consultee. Discussions on these matters will continue to with statutory consultees over whether the appropriateness of including them within the DCO.
12.5.49 Construction equipment will be fitted with standard embedded spill prevention systems and mitigation measures will be applied to prevent spills of oils, hydrocarbons and other contaminants by providing spill response equipment.
12.5.50 The construction and decommissioning phases will not result in the requirement to dispose of, or import, significant volumes of natural inert soils (including topsoil and subsoil) as part of the Proposed Development. Any excavations will be backfilled with arisings in reverse order. Any excess natural soil will be spread on the surface in the vicinity of the excavation, or disposed from site.
12.5.51 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing potential contamination issues are described below:
. Ground investigation for geotechnical and/or environmental purposes would
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be undertaken pre-construction at higher sensitivity areas as identified by the baseline ground conditions annex (Volume 3 Appendix 12.1), including the HDD sections. Investigations may also be required if the Proposed Development passes in close proximity to a landfill or other as yet, unidentified contaminant source.
. Should geotechnical ground investigations for construction design purposes identify contamination, the following actions shall be undertaken on a site- specific basis in line with Contaminated Land Report 11 (CLR11):
Complete preliminary risk assessments to identify areas that require further detailed assessment:
Design and undertake appropriate site-specific intrusive ground investigation:
Undertake laboratory chemical and geotechnical/ civil engineering soil and groundwater analysis:
Undertake human health and controlled water generic quantitative risk assessment (GQRA):
Detailed quantitative risk assessment (DQRA) would only be undertaken where requirement was identified through site specific ground investigation:
Undertake remedial action, options appraisal and/or design only where identified through site specific ground investigation and risk assessment:
Implement the detailed mitigation measures or remedial works:
Verify the implemented mitigation measures or remedial works:
Site-specific intrusive ground investigation would be undertaken to inform geotechnical, ground stability and civil engineering assessments. A review of baseline data would be undertaken to identify areas that require further detailed assessment, as required. The results of the investigations
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would be used to inform foundation design, design of temporary works and HDD to ensure the stability of the Proposed Development.
. Professional advice would be sought only from those with a demonstrable specialist competency in risk-based management of land contamination.
. Work would stop if any previously unidentified contamination is encountered until the nature and concentration of the contaminant(s) are determined and appropriate risk control measures implemented in accordance with the CEMP.
12.5.52 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing third party utilities and services are described below:
. WPD has designed its proposals to avoid all Third Party services wherever possible. Where Third Party services cannot be avoided, WPD will work closely with the organisations responsible for their operation or maintenance to minimise effects on operations and future development aspirations. This engagement would continue during the construction phase.
. Prior to intrusive investigations commencing appropriate service clearance surveys and utility searches would be undertaken to identify below ground services and utilities to avoid damage to third party property. This would include liaison with the relevant owner/ operator to accurately identify the precise location of services/utilities.
. Road sweeping would be undertaken, where required, and in accordance with the CEMP to remove deposits of silt from roads and reduce the risk of silt being washed into surface water gullies and watercourses. Further details of mitigation measures to be protective of hydrological receptors are detailed within Volume 1 Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk’.
12.5.53 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing the import and use of materials are described below:
. A pollution incident control plan (PICP) would be prepared and would be held on all construction sites to follow in the event of an environmental emergency.
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The PICP identifies how the risk of pollution due to construction works, materials and extreme weather events would be controlled and identifies the remedial actions in the event of an incident.
. Drill fluids for the HDD sections are freshwater based, inert clay suspensions. The drilling fluids will be supplied in powder form;
. Material Data Safety Sheets, (MDSS), will be carried for all chemicals on site and Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations shall be complied with;
. Recycled alternative materials would be encouraged to be used on site. The source of the materials would be from a sustainable source. A ‘just-in time’ strategy would be adopted to keep stocks of materials on site to a minimum.
12.5.54 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing storage and handling requirements are described below:
. The storage of waste on site will be detailed within the CEMP/ SWMP. Facilities would be provided for the collection, segregation, treatment and disposal of solid and liquid waste.
. All oil and diesel storage facilities would be located at least 30m from any watercourse and at least 50 m from any borehole or groundwater abstraction well;
. Spill kits and drip trays would be provided for all equipment and at locations where any liquids are stored and dispensed;
. Storage facilities would be provided for solid materials to prevent deterioration of the materials and their escape;
. Storage facilities would be kept secure to prevent acts of vandalism that could result in leaks or spills;
. All containers of any size would be correctly labelled indicating their contents and any hazard warning signs.
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12.5.55 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing fuel tanks, mobile bowsers and bunds. In accordance with the Oil Storage Regulations (2001) the following measures must be implemented on site for the prevention of spills:
. Fuel tanks and mobile bowsers (and any other equipment that contains oil and other fuels) would have a secondary containment, for example, double skinned tanks. All tanks and mobile bowsers would be located in an area surrounded by a sealed impervious bund.
. Fill pipes would not extend beyond the bund wall and would have a lockable cap secured with a chain;
. Any tap or valve permanently attached to a tank or bowser through which fuel can discharge, would be fitted with a lock;
. All valves, pumps and trigger guns would be turned off and locked when not in use. All caps on fill pipes would be locked when not in use;
. Suitable precautions would be taken to prevent spillages from equipment containing small quantities of hazardous substances (for example, chainsaws and jerry cans);
. Each container or piece of equipment would be stored in its own drip tray made of a material suitable for the substance being handled;
. Containers and equipment would be stored on a firm, level surface;
. Where fuel is delivered through a pipe permanently attached to a tank or bowser the pipe would be fitted with a manually operated pump or a valve at the delivery end which closes automatically when not in use;
. The following management controls would be implemented:
The pump or valve would be fitted with a lock;
The pipe would be fitted with a lockable valve at the end where it leaves the tank or bowser;
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The pipework would pass over and not through bund walls;
Tanks and bunds would be protected from vehicle impact damage;
Tanks would be labelled with contents and capacity information.
12.5.56 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing drum storage over 200 litres (in accordance with the Oil Storage Regulations 2001) are described below:
. Multiple drums and containers will have suitable secondary containment with sufficient capacity to contain at least 25 % of the total volume of the containers or 110 % of the largest container, whichever is the greatest;
. Drum storage areas would be covered to prevent rainwater getting into bunds and drum pallets;
. Drums would be labelled and positioned such that leaks cannot overshoot the bund or drip tray wall;
. All containers are stored securely when the site is unattended.
12.5.57 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing flammable and hazardous substances are described below:
. All flammable and hazardous substances would be kept in a secure bunded cupboard, cabinet or tank constructed of materials which are chemically resistant to its contents.
12.5.58 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing deliveries and dispensing are described below:
. For deliveries and dispensing activities it would be ensured that site-specific procedures are in place for bulk deliveries;
. Delivery points and vehicle routes are clearly marked;
. Emergency procedures are displayed and a suitably sized spill kit is available
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at all delivery points, and staff are trained in these procedures and the use of spill kits;
. Suitable facilities (for example, drip trays, drum trolleys, funnels) meet the sites specific dispensing needs and are maintained and used;
. Tank capacities and current contents levels are checked prior to accepting a delivery to ensure that they are not overfilled;
. All deliveries are supervised throughout the delivery operation;
. Spill prevention equipment is deployed during dispensing activities;
. All spillages occurring during dispensing and handling activities are cleared up and reported via the appropriate site manager/agent and are dealt with in accordance with the CEMP.
12.5.59 The use of vehicles and plant poses similar risks to those posed by storage of liquids. Fuel and oil may leak from such equipment which may enter drains and/or watercourses, as well as contaminating the ground itself. Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing the use of vehicles and plant are described below:
. Vehicles and plant provided for use on the site would be in good working order to ensure optimum fuel efficiency, and are free from leaks. Plant with integral bunding and/or drip trays would be specified;
. Sufficient spill response equipment would be carried on all vehicles;
. Any hired vehicles and plant would be checked on delivery and not accepted if they are not in good working order for example, leaking, creating excessive fumes, excessive noise and/or smoke;
. Company-owned vehicles and plant would be regularly maintained to ensure that they are working at optimum efficiency and are promptly repaired when not in good working order;
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. Vehicles and plant would not park near or over drains and would be washed in accordance with the requirements of the CEMP;
. Employee-owned vehicles would not be driven or parked in construction areas unless authorised to do so;
. Topping up of vehicles and plant would be carried out on hardstanding using drip trays and not over or near drains, or, where this is not reasonably practicable, drip trays and/or drain blockers would be used to reduce the risk of spills;
. Vehicles and plant would not be overfilled with fuel;
. Plant containing oils would be inspected daily and regularly maintained to both prevent and identify leaks.
12.5.60 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing de-watering issues are described below:
. Excavations may require de-watering. Water pumped or removed from excavations would be passed through a silt-separator tank or equivalent, and discharge to ground or surface water. A permit would be sought from NRW prior to undertaking such operations. Details would be provided in the CEMP. Further details of mitigation measures to be protective of hydrological receptors are detailed within Volume 1 Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk’.
12.5.61 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing potential risks to construction/ decommissioning and maintenance workers are described below:
. Potential risks to construction/ decommissioning and maintenance workers arising from contamination within soil and groundwater would be controlled under the Construction Design and Management (CDM) Regulation, 2007, the requirement to work in accordance with best practice and statutory guidance and the requirement for PPE as standard working practice.
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12.5.62 Embedded mitigation measures within the design, addressing potential monitoring requirements are described below:
. Monitoring would be undertaken in accordance with the CEMP. Daily inspections would be undertaken by the contractor(s) and weekly inspections would be undertaken by WPD and the contractor(s). Monitoring assessment forms would be completed during the daily and weekly inspections;
. In particular monitoring would be undertaken of ground and surface water conditions to check for spills or uncontrolled tipped surface spoil;
. Oil tanks and associated bunds will be checked daily for leaks;
. Plant containing oils and fuel would be inspected daily and maintained to both prevent and identify leaks;
. Where non-compliance with the CEMP is found, measures would be taken in accordance with the plan. Any damaged fencing would be repaired, replaced and/ or re-painted as soon as is reasonably practicable.
Operation and maintenance (HDD sections)
12.5.63 Underground cables are not physically inspected as they are below ground but they are tested regularly during their lifespan.
12.5.64 The underground cables do not have internal fluids that could leak into surface water receptors.
12.5.65 No significant maintenance works are anticipated for HDD sections.
12.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase
12.6.1 This section addresses the potential construction phase impacts. Each potential effect is considered in more detail in the following paragraphs.
12.6.2 The assessments take into account the embedded mitigation measures that are included within the design, as detailed above.
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Encountering unforeseen contamination
12.6.3 The baseline conditions presented in this chapter identify that there are no recorded landfills or other waste sites with the significant potential to result in contamination, located beneath the Proposed Development. Numerous sites are recorded at a further distance, particularly in the vicinity of Carmarthen, with the historic potential to have had a contaminative impact to ground and groundwater. This includes former lead ore mining south of the River Towy. There is therefore the possibility of encountering other sources of unforeseen contamination during the construction phase of the Proposed Development.
12.6.4 There will be a process set out in the CEMP for the Proposed Development as to how unforeseen contamination, if encountered, will be dealt with, including a process for agreeing any necessary site investigation, risk assessment and if required remedial measures with the relevant regulators.
12.6.5 The predominant land use beneath the Proposed Development comprises agricultural fields/ rural land that is considered to have a medium sensitivity. The magnitude of impact to agricultural fields as a result of encountering unforeseen contamination is considered to be low owing to very little change from baseline conditions as a result of the Proposed Development (taking into account embedded mitigation measures). The underlying character of the baseline condition would be barely distinguishable from the pre-development conditions.
12.6.6 This gives rise to an overall negligible consequence of impact. The negligible consequence of impact is considered to be short term and non-permanent, reversible and on a local level.
12.6.7 The agricultural fields are predominantly used by farm workers, who represent the principal human health receptor that may come into contact with unforeseen contamination exposed during construction. It is noted that risks to construction and maintenance workers would be addressed under CDMC regulations and have therefore not been assessed further. Farm workers are considered to have a medium sensitivity. The magnitude of impact to human health of farmers as a
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result of encountering unforeseen contamination is considered to be high magnitude owing to the potential chronic adverse impacts to human health as a result of exposure to contamination.
12.6.8 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be long term and permanent, non-reversible and on a local level (farm worker-specific).
12.6.9 Potential risks to controlled waters (including surface watercourses) may arise through the leaching or surface run-off of unforeseen contaminants encountered during the construction phase. Controlled waters are considered to have a high to medium sensitivity depending upon their water quality and use for potable water abstraction. This includes a surface water abstraction at NGR 243870 228640, located close to the Proposed Development, which is not used for potable water, located at Danfforddgaer. The impact to controlled waters as a result of encountering unforeseen contamination is considered to be medium magnitude owing to a potential minor shift away from baseline conditions.
12.6.10 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be short term and non- permanent, reversible and on a local level.
Creation of pathways for contaminants to groundwater and surface water resources (including sources used for potable water abstraction), and including the creation of pathways for ground gas or landfill gas
12.6.11 There are embedded mitigation measures, set out in this chapter, that are protective against the creation of preferential migration pathways.
12.6.12 The maximum adverse scenario assessed comprises the proposed HDD and open cut (trench) sections resulting in the creation of preferential contaminant migration pathways to surface waters or groundwater. These may also act as pathways for ground gas and landfill gas (if present). All other development components are considered to result in a lower significance of potential consequence of impact.
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12.6.13 In general, the Proposed Development passes through areas where there is an absence of sensitive receptors such as residential dwellings, principal aquifers or groundwater SPZs and an absence of significant sources of ground gas, landfill gas or contamination.
12.6.14 It is noted that peat deposits have the potential to release ground gases, however the Proposed Development components that are to be located in proximity to recorded peat deposits will comprise wooden poles, not HDD or open cut trenches. The wooden poles are not considered to result in the creation of preferential migration pathways for contaminants (ground gases) nor create an enclosed space with the potential to allow ground gas to build up.
12.6.15 The predominant land use comprises agricultural fields with occasional small surface water receptors that are considered to have a medium sensitivity. The potential impact to agricultural fields and the surface water receptors as a result of the creation of preferential contaminant migration pathways is considered to be of low magnitude owing to very little change from the baseline conditions as a result of the Proposed Development (taking account of embedded mitigation measures). Any change to the underlying character of the baseline condition would be barely distinguishable.
12.6.16 This gives rise to an overall negligible consequence of impact. The negligible consequence of impact is considered to be short term and non-permanent, reversible and on a local level.
12.6.17 For short sections of the Proposed Development that pass close to or through high sensitivity areas such as at the River Towy, HDD or open cut trenching is proposed. These areas have the potential for alluvial deposits to be present, which are a potential source of ground gas. Within these areas of the Proposed Development, the potential for the creation of preferential migration pathways for contaminants is greater and the receptor sensitivity is higher.
12.6.18 Ground gases have the potential to adversely impact receptors through the migration along open cut trenches and HDD sections, resulting in the potential to
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accumulate within voids, backfilled granular medium and/ or confined spaces and the potential for risks from explosion and/ or asphyxiation (with manned entry).
12.6.19 Leachate and dissolved-phase contaminants from contaminated soils brought to the surface as a result of the construction phase could migrate along open cut trenches or HDD sections to sensitive surface waters (e.g. River Towy) or infiltrate and reach groundwater aquifers and therefore adversely impact water quality.
12.6.20 The most sensitive receptors to be impacted as a result of preferential pathways for contaminant migration are residential dwellings, primary rivers or principal aquifers with a very high or high sensitivity. It is noted that there are no principal aquifers close to the Proposed Development. The potential impact to human health or secondary aquifers is considered to be of low magnitude (taking into account embedded mitigation measures), owing to a minor shift away from baseline conditions or non-permanent human health effects.
12.6.21 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be very short-term and non- permanent, reversible and restricted to a local level for human health, whereas the minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be medium-term and temporary owing to potential natural attenuation or remediation of controlled waters and reversible at a district level for groundwater aquifers.
Contamination of soils, surface water or groundwater by spillages or through accidental import of contaminated material and spreading, or discharge of liquid wastes and sewage during construction
12.6.22 The Proposed Development has the potential to result in the contamination of surface waters through construction activities. This could occur via ground excavations for any open cut trenches and principally for the HDD sections. This includes works that have the potential to cause the ingress of sediment into surface water receptors via accidental tipping, surface water run-off or from inappropriate stockpiling practices in close proximity to surface waters. The potential consequences of impact of silt ingress to surface waters are further
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assessed within Volume 1 Chapter 13 'Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk'.
12.6.23 The maximum adverse scenario assessed comprises the proposed open cut trenches and HDD sections and the potential contamination of soil and controlled waters, especially as a result of frac-out of drilling fluid within HDD sections. Contamination of soils and controlled waters from HDD compounds, including bunded areas for mixing drill fluids is considered. All other development components including the OHL (wooden poles) and access tracks are considered to result in a lower potential consequence of impact.
12.6.24 The Proposed Development has the potential to result in contamination of groundwater aquifers through the accidental release of contaminants to soil, with subsequent leaching and/ or remobilisation to groundwater. Construction plant and equipment has the potential to leak or spill hydrocarbons, oils and hydraulic fluids, or the frac-out of drilling fluids from HDD during construction works. Any spillages are anticipated to be of low volume and be localised. Embedded mitigation addressing potential frac-out is included in this chapter.
12.6.25 The Proposed Development also has the potential to generate litter or other debris that could be re-worked into site soils. Anticipated volumes of pollutants are low. The accidental import and spreading of contaminated material or the discharge of liquid and sewage has been assessed. Anticipated volumes of pollutants are low.
12.6.26 The Proposed Development generally passes across either secondary A or secondary B aquifers of the Ordovician, Silurian and lower Devonian bedrock. The superficial Alluvium in the vicinity of the River Towy is designated as a secondary A aquifer, with upland Alluvial deposits close to smaller tributaries designated as secondary B aquifers and glacial Till being unproductive. There are no groundwater SPZs along the Proposed Development.
Consideration of impact to agricultural land
12.6.27 The majority of the Proposed Development passes over agricultural fields which are considered to have a medium sensitivity. The potential impact to agricultural
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fields as a result of the contamination resulting from spillages, import and spreading of contaminated material or liquid/ sewage discharges is considered to have a medium magnitude (taking into account embedded mitigation measures), owing to a minor shift away from baseline conditions. Change arising from the loss or alteration could be discernible but not material.
12.6.28 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be medium-term and temporary as it is reversible through remediation and restricted to a local level.
Consideration of impact to superficial deposit aquifers
12.6.29 The majority of the superficial deposits (Alluvium) are classified by NRW as secondary A or secondary B aquifers. Glacial Till is an unproductive stratum. The Alluvium is therefore considered to have a medium sensitivity.
12.6.30 The potential impact on secondary A and B aquifers is considered to have a medium magnitude (taking into account embedded mitigation measures), owing to a minor shift away from baseline conditions such that the post-development character or composition would be similar to the pre-development situation.
12.6.31 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be medium-term and temporary owing to potential natural attenuation of contaminants within soil and groundwater, reversible through remediation and restricted to a local level.
Consideration of impact to surface waters
12.6.32 Potential risks to controlled waters including small tributaries as well as rivers such as the River Towy, may arise through the uncontrolled release of drilling fluids, oils, fuels and hydraulic fluid, ingress of accidentally imported contaminated material or liquid/ sewage discharges. Controlled waters are considered to have a high to medium sensitivity depending upon their water quality. The potential impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures), to controlled waters as a
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result of being impacted by an uncontrolled release is considered to be of medium magnitude owing to a potential minor shift away from baseline conditions.
12.6.33 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be medium term and non- permanent, as it is reversible through remediation and restricted to a local level.
Direct impact on peat resource and associated glacial geomorphological features
12.6.34 A number of glacial geomorphological features comprising pingos have been identified close to the Proposed Development close to Allt Galtwalis north of Pontarsais. The Proposed Development has avoided direct impact to these geomorphological features as part of the design. Development components to be located close to these features comprise the wooden poles for the OHL.
12.6.35 The sensitivity of the pingo geomorphological features is considered to be high. The magnitude of impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures including avoidance of the pingos) is considered very low owing to a ‘no change' situation to the pre-development baseline condition.
12.6.36 This gives rise to an overall negligible consequence of impact. The negligible consequence of impact is considered to be long term (duration of the development) and non-permanent, reversible and restricted to a local level.
12.6.37 A number of pockets of peat have been identified within the general vicinity of the Proposed Development. The majority of these fall outside of the Proposed Development with the exception of areas of peat to the west of Rhydargaeau at NGR 243500 227300.
12.6.38 Within the peat it is proposed to position a single wooden pole, forming part of the OHL. Owing to the relatively small diameter of the wooden poles and the absence of foundation material such as concrete associated with positioning of the poles, the impact of the wooden poles within the wider peat body will be minimal. The sensitivity of the peat deposits are considered to be high. The magnitude of impact
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(taking into account embedded mitigation measures) is considered very low owing to a non discernible change to the pre-development baseline condition.
12.6.39 This gives rise to an overall negligible consequence of impact.
12.6.40 Access to the intended pole positions will be undertaken using wooden mats covered by metal plates, or inter-linked sections of plastic trackway (worst case scenario for very saturated or waterlogged ground). Access tracks would be temporary (approximately 1 day at each location) and removed following works. The positioning of mats over peat could result in compaction of compressible peat deposits. Micro-sighting of the wooden poles and access tracks would be undertaken to minimise peat crossed.
12.6.41 The sensitivity of peat is considered to be high. The magnitude of impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures) is considered to be low owing to very little change to be baseline condition.
12.6.42 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be short-term (duration of the pole installation anticipated to be 1 day) and non-permanent, reversible and restricted to a local level.
Direct impact on GCR’s, geological SSSI, RIGS and Geoparks and Category 1 or Category 2 Aggregate Safeguarding areas
12.6.43 The Proposed Development design is protective of designated geological sites by avoiding such sites.
12.6.44 The presence of any component of the Proposed Development close to a designated geological site would have the potential to damage or have an adverse consequence of impact to the features of the designated site.
12.6.45 A RIG site is located at NGR 243340 222640. The RIG site applies to exposed Ordovician bedrock outcropping along a road cutting for the A485 north of Glangwili. The Proposed Development (open cut trench) will pass through this
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bedrock outcrop albeit below ground level within the existing carriageway of the A485 and an unnamed lane, before cutting into a field that is situated outside of the RIG designated area.
12.6.46 The designated geological RIG site is considered to be of very high sensitivity owing to its conservation importance. The potential impact to the designated RIG site is considered to be of low magnitude. The Proposed Development will pass through a small section of the RIG site below ground level within an existing carriageway. A significant section of bedrock outcropping above ground is located to the south-west and north-east of the unnamed lane along the road cutting for the A485. Very little change from baseline conditions will occur as a result of the alignment of the Proposed Development in relation to the RIG site. Any changes will be barely distinguishable from the pre-development baseline.
12.6.47 This gives rise to an overall minor adverse consequence of impact. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be long term and permanent, non-reversible and on a local scale owing to the RIG designation.
12.6.48 Alluvial deposits located close to surface water receptors such as the River Towy and Afon Gwili have been designated as falling within aggregate safeguarding areas.
12.6.49 The presence of any component of the Proposed Development within, or in close proximity to, areas of mineral safeguarding, would have the potential to sterilise these resources in terms of their future availability. The presence of the Proposed Development would impact future mineral planning consents in the development area and result in substantial alteration to, the key elements or features of the baseline condition. This would be restricted to district level, however could be long-term over the anticipated operational life-span of the Proposed Development.
12.6.50 The designation of aggregate safeguarding areas is considered to be of high sensitivity owing to its economic importance. The potential impact to the aggregate safeguarding site is considered to be high magnitude. The Proposed Development will pass through the aggregate safeguarding areas and may result in the loss of
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or alteration to future ability to use these resources. However, the likelihood of Proposed Development resulting in a loss of this potential future resource is considered to be unlikely. It would be feasible to relocate poles (if required) subject to a future consenting process should extraction of aggregates be required close to poles. Therefore a lower overall consequence of impact is predicted.
12.6.51 The initial consequence of impact would be considered to be high adverse, however taking into account the likelihood of the impact occurring, an overall assessment of minor adverse consequence of impact is determined. The minor adverse consequence of impact is considered to be long term and non-permanent, reversible and on a local scale to the development component.
12.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase
12.7.1 Potential consequence of impacts to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions during the operational and maintenance phase of the Proposed Development have been scoped out for the majority of components.
12.7.2 In accordance with the scoping opinion, the requirement to assess the consequence of impact during the maintenance phase of underground cables, particularly in the vicinity of surface water receptors, is presented within the subsequent paragraphs.
12.7.3 Routine maintenance of the underground cables in the vicinity of surface water receptors, where below ground cables will be installed using HDD, is not anticipated.
12.7.4 The receptor sensitivity of surface water receptors (such as rivers) is considered to be high to medium, depending upon the water quality and river designation. The magnitude of impact is considered to be very low, resulting in a ‘no change’ situation to the pre-development baseline condition.
12.7.5 This gives rise to an overall negligible consequence of impact. The negligible consequence of impact is considered to be short term and non-permanent,
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reversible and on a local scale.
12.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase
12.8.1 The decommissioning of the Proposed Development would have similar consequence of impacts on the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as to those outlined during the construction phase. However, the consequence of impacts to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions are considered to be of shorter duration and of limited extent compared to the construction phase.
12.9 Mitigation measures
12.9.1 The embedded mitigation measures within the project design are discussed within paragraphs 12.5.37 to 12.5.64 and will be secured via Requirements in the DCO or via the CEMP and SWMP, which themselves will be the subject of a Requirement of the DCO.
12.9.2 An assessment of the consequence of impact on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions identified that the Proposed Development will not result in a potential consequence of impact with a significance of moderate or above.
12.9.3 Therefore, no further additional applied mitigation measures will be required in respect of geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions.
12.10 Residual effects
12.10.1 The assessment of the consequence of impact inclusive of embedded mitigation measures has not identified impacts to the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions of moderate or above. Therefore there are no significant residual effects.
12.11 Cumulative effects and inter-relationship effects
Cumulative effects
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12.11.1 This section considers the cumulative effects of the project in the context of (a) in- combination effects together with other proposed or consented developments with which the project may interact and (b) interaction effects (e.g. noise and air).
12.11.2 A full description of the methodology for the assessment of cumulative effect and inter-relationship effects is presented within Volume 1, Chapter 19 ‘Cumulative effects and inter-relationships’.
12.11.3 Cumulative effects have been considered for both construction and decommissioning phases.
12.11.4 Potential cumulative effects to geology, hydrogeology and the ground environment between the Proposed Development and other proposed or consented developments are considered plausible only where the development footprint of both developments overlap. It is considered that geographic separation between developments, results in the absence of a cumulative effect to geology, hydrogeology and the ground environment.
12.11.5 Based on geographic separation between the Proposed Development and other proposed or consented developments located within a 3km radius, the majority of other projects have been scoped out of the cumulative assessment.
12.11.6 The following proposed or consented developments that coincide with the Proposed Development area have been identified and have therefore been scoped in for assessment of cumulative effects.
Table 12.9 – Assessment of potential cumulative effects – geology, hydrogeology and ground environment
Map ID ref. Map No. Application No. Description of (where applicable) proposal/ type of land use allocation
155 19.1.9 W/25504 Erection of a 55 kW wind turbine
217 19.1.21 W/29015 Erection of a single 50
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kW wind turbine
260 19.1.28 W/17938 Refurbishment of approximately 54 km of existing 11 kV wood pole overhead line
275 19.1.29 N/A Development of a 56 to 84 megawatt wind farm
12.11.7 Consented developments ID155 and ID217 comprise the erection of a single wind turbine at each application area. It is noted that for both ID155 and ID217, the proposed wind turbine will not be located within the Proposed Development area, however the associated primary access tracks for these developments would cross the Proposed Development.
12.11.8 The Proposed Development at these locations is to comprise small diameter wooden poles with the absence of foundation material such as concrete. The components of the consented developments ID155 and ID217 are anticipated to comprise gravel access tracks. The sensitivity of the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions at these locations are considered to be medium. The cumulative magnitude of impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures) of both developments is considered very low owing to a ‘no change' situation to the pre- development baseline condition.
12.11.9 This gives rise to an overall negligible cumulative consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as a result of the Proposed Development and ID155 or ID217.
12.11.10 Consented development ID260 is to comprise the refurbishment of an existing 11 kV wood pole overhead line. This crosses the Order Limits of the Proposed Development at two locations, close to proposed pole 161 and pole 168.
12.11.11 The refurbishment of the existing 11 kV wood pole overhead line is anticipated to comprise the replacement of the overhead conductor cable. The Proposed Development at these locations is to comprise small diameter wooden poles with the absence of foundation material such as concrete.
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12.11.12 The sensitivity of the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions at these locations are considered to be medium. The cumulative magnitude of impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures) of both developments is considered very low owing to a ‘no change' situation to the pre-development baseline condition.
12.11.13 This gives rise to an overall negligible cumulative consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as a result of the Proposed Development and ID260.
12.11.14 Consented development ID275 is to comprise the construction of an electricity generating facility comprising wind turbines with a capacity of between 56 to 84 megawatts. The Proposed Development at this location is to comprise small diameter wooden poles with the absence of foundation material such as concrete.
12.11.15 The sensitivity of the geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions at this location is considered to be medium. The cumulative magnitude of impact (taking into account embedded mitigation measures) of both developments is considered very low owing to a ‘no change' situation to the pre-development baseline condition.
12.11.16 This gives rise to an overall negligible cumulative consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as a result of the Proposed Development and ID275.
12.11.17 Assessment of the cumulative effect to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions, resulting from construction and decommissioning of the Proposed Development and other proposed or consented developments, following implementation of embedded mitigation measures, would result in a negligible cumulative consequence of impact.
12.11.18 Mitigation measures in addition to those identified within section 12.9 of this chapter will not be required.
12.11.19 No cumulative impacts to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions will result during the operation and maintenance phase of the developments.
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Inter-relationship effects
12.11.20 The assessment of potential inter-related effects considers receptor-led effects through an assessment of the scope for all effects to interact spatially and temporally to create inter-related impacts on a receptor. The assessment of inter- related effects considers only those effects produced by the Proposed Development and not from other projects (which are considered via the cumulative assessment process).
12.11.21 Inter-relationships between geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions discussed in this chapter are expected principally with the following chapters:
. Volume 1, Chapter 8 ‘Land use, agriculture and forestry’
. Volume 1, Chapter 10 ‘Ecology’
. Volume 1, Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, flood risk and drainage’
. Volume 1, Chapter 17 ‘Socioeconomics, recreation and tourism’
Land use, agriculture and forestry
12.11.22 Impacts to agriculture and soil (land use and farming practice (crop establishment and yield) would occur as a result of contamination of shallow soils, or through the mobilisation of existing or introduced contamination interacting with other potential effects identified Volume 1, Chapter 8 ‘Land use, agriculture and forestry’.
Ecology
12.11.23 Impacts to water quality (chemical quality) as a result of sediment or contaminant ingress arising from inappropriate construction activities and contamination of surface waters through the HDD processes. This has the potential to impact aquatic and terrestrial ecology in conjunction with other potential effects identified within Volume 1, Chapter 10 ‘Ecology’.
Hydrology, flood risk and drainage
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12.11.24 Impacts to surface water drainage parameters (suspended solids) as a result of sediment ingress arising from inappropriate construction activities. This has the potential to result in inter-relationship effects to surface water drainage parameters if combined with other potential effects identified within Volume 1, Chapter 13 ‘Hydrology, flood risk and drainage’.
Socioeconomics
12.11.25 Impacts to land use (farming practices) as a result of contamination of shallow soils through the mobilisation of existing or introduced contamination may interact with other potential effects identified within Volume 1, Chapter 13 ‘Socioeconomics’ to result in an adverse consequence of impact.
12.12 Summary of effects
12.12.1 The assessment of the consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions from Proposed Development, inclusive of embedded mitigation measures, has been undertaken.
12.12.2 The assessment has identified that the potential consequence of impact on geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions will be of a negligible or minor adverse impact, no consequence of impact of moderate or above has been identified by this assessment. Therefore, long term adverse effects to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions as a result of the Proposed Development are not expected.
12.12.3 The assessment has identified that the potential cumulative consequence of impact to geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions from the Proposed Development and other proposed or consented developments will be negligible. No additional mitigation measures are required to be protective of geology, hydrogeology and ground conditions.
12.13 References
Geology of Britain viewer, available at:
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http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html
Environment Agency – What’s in your backyard?, available at: http://maps.environment- agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?ep=maptopics&lang=_e
Natural England – SSSIs, available at: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/sssi/default.aspx
UK Protected Sites, available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-1
Natural England (2010). England’s peatlands carbon storage and greenhouse gases.
Miles, J C H: Appleton, J D; Rees, D M; Green, B M R; Adlam, K A M; Myers, A H (2007) Indicative Atlas of Radon in England and Wales. Health Protection Agency and British Geological Survey.
BS8576:2013. Guidance on investigations for ground gas – Permanent gases and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). British Standards Institute
Environment Agency. 2004. Model Procedures for the Management of Contaminated Land, Contaminated Land Report 11. Bristol: Environment Agency.
CIRIA C552. 2001. Contaminated Land Risk Assessment, A guide to good practice. London. CIRIA
Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011). Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1).
Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011). National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5).
DEFRA (2001). The Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) (England) Regulations 2001.
DEFRA (2009). Construction Code of Practice for the Sustainable Use of Soils on Construction Sites.
Environment Agency (2011). Above ground oil storage tanks: PPG 2. Bristol: Environment
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Agency.
Environment Agency (2012). Pollution prevention guidance for working at construction and demolition sites: PPG 6. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2011). Safe operation of refuelling facilities: PPG 7. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2011). Drums and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs): PPG 26. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2006). Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems: PPG 3. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2006). Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available: PPG 4. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2007). Vehicle washing and cleaning: PPG 13. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2001). General guide to the prevention of pollution: PPG 1. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2007). Works in near or liable to affect watercourses: PPG 5. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2009). Pollution incident response planning: PPG 21. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations (2005). London: HMSO.
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (2007), No. 320.
Xodus. EIA Quality Mark Article- Impact Significance- A Risk Based Approach. IEMA, Date Unknown.
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Contents
13 Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk 3
13.1 Introduction 3
13.2 Legislation and policy context 3
13.3 Consultation and scoping overview 11
13.4 Assessment methodology 14
13.5 Baseline conditions 23
13.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase 37
13.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase 59
13.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase 60
13.9 Mitigation measures 61
13.10 Residual effects 67
13.11 Cumulative effects 74
13.12 Summary of effects 80
13.13 References 81
Tables
Table 13.1 Summary of consultation relating to Hydrology and Water Resources
Table 13.2 Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Table 13.3 Magnitude of impact
Table 13.4 Significance of potential effects
Table 13.5 Likelihood of potential impacts
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Table 13.6 Significance of residual effects following mitigation
Table 13.7 Assessed applications for cumulative assessment
Figures
Figure 13.1 Flood Zones
Appendices
Appendix 13.1 Hydrology, Flood Risk and Drainage Tables
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13 Hydrology, Drainage and Flood Risk
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 This chapter of the draft ES reports on the findings of an assessment of the likely significant effects on hydrology, drainage and flood risk as a result of the Proposed Development.
13.2 Legislation and policy context
13.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further discussion on policy is provided within Chapter 7.
National Policy
National Policy Statements
13.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
13.2.3 Parts 5.7 and 5.15 provide policy and guidance on flood risk and hydrology.
Flood Risk
13.2.4 The NPS states that the aims of planning policy are to ensure that flood risk from all sources is to be taken into account at all states of the planning process to ensure that proposed development is not in inappropriate areas at risk of flooding
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and to direct development away from the areas at the highest risk. The NPS does states that, “Where new energy infrastructure is, exceptionally, necessary in such areas, policy aims to make it safe without increasing flood risk elsewhere and, where possible, by reducing flood risk overall.”
13.2.5 In terms of the applicant’s assessment, the NPS states, within paragraph 5.7.4, that applications for energy projects of 1 ha or more in Zone A in Wales and all proposed development in Zone B and C within Wales should be accompanied by a Flood Risk assessment.
13.2.6 Paragraph 5.7.5 sets out the minimum requirements for FRAs.
13.2.7 Paragraph 5.7.7 highlights that promoters of projects which may be affected or may add to the levels of flood risk should arrange pre-application discussions with Natural Resources Wales and other relevant bodies. These consultations should identify the likelihood and possible extent and nature of flood risk, support the scope of the FRA and identify the information required by the decision maker.
13.2.8 WPD has engaged with NRW during the EIA process and has reached agreement that an FRA is not required for the development as proposed.
Hydrology
13.2.9 At paragraph 5.15.2 the NPS states that:
13.2.10 “where the project is likely to have effects on the water environment, the applicant should undertake an assessment of the existing status of and impacts of the proposed development on water quality, water resources and physical characteristics of the water environment”.
13.2.11 The NPS sets out what an ES should include, in relation to water quality and resources in paragraph 15.15.3. These are:
. Existing quality of waters affected by the proposed development on water quality and the impact of the proposed development on the water quality,
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including existing, new and changes to discharges;
. Impacts of the proposed development on water resources, noting relevant existing, new and proposed changes to abstraction rates;
. Existing physical characteristics of the water environment (including quantity and dynamics of flow) affected by the proposed project and any impact of physical modifications to these characteristics; and
. Impacts of the proposed project on water bodies or protected areas under the Water Framework Directive and source protection zones (SPZs) around potable groundwater abstractions.
13.2.12 The hydrology implications of the above are considered within this chapter whilst the impacts related to hydrogeology and the ground environment are reported in Chapter 12 ‘Geology, hydrogeology and ground environment’.
13.2.13 The NPS states that the decision maker should give impacts on the water environment more weight where a project would have an adverse effect on the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive.
13.2.14 Paragraph 5.15.6 states that the decision maker should ensure that the proposed development has regard to River Basin Management Plans and meets the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (including Article 4.7) and its daughter directives, including those on priority substances and groundwater.
13.2.15 In relation to mitigation, paragraph 5.15.8 states that the decision maker should consider whether mitigation measures are needed over and above any which may form part of the project application.
Other Planning Policy
13.2.16 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
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Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
13.2.17 The Wales Spatial Plan identifies six sub-regions within Wales. The Proposed Development sits at the eastern edge of the ‘Pembroke – The Haven’ sub-region. The policy advice contained within the Plan has been taken into consideration in the preparation of this chapter.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
13.2.18 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
13.2.19 Flood Risk and climate change are considered in section 13.2, this section highlights that flood risk is a material consideration. Paragraph 13.2.4 highlights that “meeting the Welsh Government’s objectives for sustainable development requires action through the planning system to move away from flood defence and mitigation of the consequences of new development in areas of flood hazard towards a more positive avoidance of development in areas defined as being of flood hazard.”
13.2.20 Section 13.4 addresses development management and flood risk, this section highlights the NPS, stating that “development proposals in areas defined as high flood hazard should only be considered:
. new development can be justified in that location, even though it is likely to be at risk from flooding; and
. the development proposal would not result in the intensification of existing development which may itself be at risk; and
. new development would not increase the potential adverse impacts of a flood event.
13.2.21 Section 13.12 considers development management and improvements to the quality of water and air. It states that pollution affecting the use of land will be a
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material consideration and will include location, impact on health and amenity, risk to the surrounding environment, prevention of nuisance, impact on the transport network and the need, where relevant, and feasibility of restoring the land to standard sufficient for an appropriate use.
13.2.22 Section 13.10 of PPW highlights the need to improve water and air quality. Paragraph 13.10.1 states that:
13.2.23 “The planning system should determine whether a development is an acceptable use of land and should control other development in proximity to potential sources of pollution rather than seeking to control the processes or substances used in any particular development”.
Technical Advice Notes
Technical Advice Notes 15: Development and Flood Risk
13.2.24 Technical Advice Note (TAN) 15 technical guidance which supplements the policy set out in Planning Policy Wales in relation to development and flooding.
13.2.25 TAN 15 provides advice on:
. development advice maps;
. nature of development or land use;
. justifying the location of built development;
. assessing flooding consequences;
. surface water run-off from new development;
. action through Development Plans;
. development control; and
. development affecting protected and priority habitats and species.
13.2.26 Matters listed for possible consideration within PPW and TAN 15, relevant to flood risk have been included within the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
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Local Policy
13.2.27 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
13.2.28 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (eLDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies which are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Appendix 7.1 of this draft ES.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
13.2.29 The relevant policies are listed below:
. CDUP9 - Landscape/Environment
. GDC30 - Development and Flood Risk
. EN10 - Protection of Controlled Waters and Water Resources
. UT2 - Electricity Lines
. UT8 – Surface Water
. UT12 - Pollution
Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
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13.2.30 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1 - Sustainable Places and Spaces
. SP2 Climate Change
. SP14 - Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Environment
. GP1 - Sustainability and High Quality Design
. EP1 - Water and Environmental Capacity
. EP2- Pollution
. EP3- Sustainable Drainage
13.2.31 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in that it provides specific protection from flood risk and to the water environment (e.g. CUDP GDC30, EN10, UT9 and UT12 and eCLDP SP1, SP2 and EP1).
Policy Conclusions
13.2.32 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 provides policy and guidance on matters pertaining to the environment and as such has informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters, these may include national and local planning policy. Relevant national and local planning policy has been reviewed and has informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Legislation
Water Framework Directive
13.2.33 The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was established in 2000 designed to preserve, restore and improve the water environment. The WFD was transposed into law in England and Wales through the Water Environment (Water Framework
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Directive) (England and Wales) in 2003 with the data reported in the River Basin Management Plans. Any new development must satisfy the following four objectives:
. Objective 1: To prevent deterioration in the ecological status of the waterbody (or connected waterbodies within the same catchment).
. Objective 2: to prevent the introduction of impediments to the attainment of Good Ecological Status for the waterbody.
. Objective 3: To ensure that the attainment of the WFD objectives for the waterbody are not compromised.
. Objective 4: To ensure the achievement of WFD objectives in other waterbodies in the same catchment are not permanently excluded or compromised.
Water Act 2003 and Water Resources Act 1991
13.2.34 The 2003 Act governs the control of water abstraction, discharge to water bodies, water impoundment, conservation and drought provision. The 2003 Act has changed 6 key areas of the 1991 Act and of relevance to the components of the Proposed Development is the need to obtain a license for any dewatering for engineering works, which was previously exempt. The Water Resources Act sets out the relevant statutory regulatory controls that provide protection of water bodies and water resources. The 1991 Act was modernised by the introduction of the Water Act 2003.
Flood and Water Management Act 2010
13.2.35 The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 provides for better, more comprehensive management of flood risk for people, homes and businesses, helps safeguard community groups from unaffordable rises in surface water drainage charges, and protects water supplies to the consumer.
13.2.36 Serious flooding can happen at any time and climatic projections suggests that
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extreme weather will happen more frequently in the future. The activities required under this Act aim to reduce the flood risk associated with extreme weather.
13.2.37 Other relevant legislation that has been taken into account includes the following:
. Environmental Protection Act 1990 – establishes the legislative framework for identifying and dealing with contaminated land and water;
. Environment Act 1995 – created a number of new agencies including the Environment Agency and set new standards for environmental management;
. Groundwater Regulations 1998 – outlines the requirement for the prevention of risks to groundwater from certain substances;
. Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 (as amended) – includes the discharge of water and groundwater activities.
. Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991 (as amended) - ensures that waste is properly stored while on the premises and that it is adequately packaged for transportation; and
. Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009 – aim to prevent and remedy damage to land, water and biodiversity.
13.3 Consultation and scoping overview
13.3.1 As part of the scoping phase of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), RSK prepared a scoping report (July 2014) setting out the proposed approach to EIA in respect of the Proposed Development, including the identification of assessment methods for each EIA topic (hydrology, drainage and flood risk) to be assessed.
13.3.2 The PINS scoping opinion was received in August 2014. A summary of the main scoping opinion representations received in relation to hydrology, drainage and flood risk is presented within Table 13.1, together with a summary of other relevant consultation completed to date.
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Table 13.1 – Summary of consultation relating to Hydrology and Water Resources
Date and Consultation and issue Section where comment addressed consultation raised phase/ type
PINS Scoping The SoS notes that flooding It has been agreed with Natural Opinion Para from fluvial, tidal, pluvial, Resources Wales that there is no 3.25 groundwater and artificial requirement for a FCA to be included; sources would be flooding from these sources is considered as part of the considered within sections 13.5-13.8. assessment of the Mitigation relating to flood risk is construction phase impacts. included in section 13.9.
PINS Scoping The SoS recommends an It has been agreed with Natural Opinion Para assessment of flood risk Resources Wales that there is no 3.26 during the construction and requirement for a FCA (as per decommissioning phases of teleconference 06.10.14) to be included the Proposed Development as there will be no permanent structures should be provided in located within the flood zones apart from meeting the requirements three poles around the crossing of the of a Flood Consequences River Gwili. Mitigation relating to flood Assessment (FCA) in risk is included in section 13.9. accordance with TAN15 and PPW. The SoS requires that the approach should be agreed with and confirmed by the relevant statutory consultation bodies
PINS Scoping The SoS advises that the The study area is outlined in paragraphs Opinion Para study area for the 13.4.5-13.4.9 and includes a 250m 3.77 consideration of hydrology downstream extension, as agreed with and flood risk impacts NRW. should be based on the potential to affect the receiving environment and not as a measurement from the preferred alignment.
PINS Scoping Identification of all water Water features are highlighted in section Opinion Para features above and below 13.5 (Tables 13.5, 13.13, 13.14, 13.16, 3.78 and 3.79 ground is recommended by 13.17). the SoS. The SoS would
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expect to see specific consideration of effects in terms of these waterbodies (and appropriate proposed mitigations monitoring measures) as part of the EIA
PINS Scoping The SoS would expect the The status of the waterbodies recorded Opinion Para application to be by the WFD has been included in 3.80 accompanied by an section 13.5 (Tables 13.7-13.12, 13.15, assessment of compliance 13.18). The determination for with the Water Framework requirement of assessment has been Directive in accordance included in section 13.6. with regulation 5(2) of The Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009 (as amended) or else agreement with the relevant consultees in respect of the need for WFD compliance assessments.
Date and Consultation and issue NRW Response consultation raised phase/type
NRW Discussion and agreement It is agreed that there should be no teleconference of works within Flood Zone requirement for a Flood Consequence 6.10.14 C2 (Towy crossing and Assessment to cover the works in Flood open cut works between Zone C2 around the Towy/Gwili Abergwili Road and HDD confluence as: compound). No permanent structures are outlined for the crossing locations in the flood plain; Further explanation to be During construction all site staff would provided for the approach be made aware of sections of the route to the FCA. that are located within a Flood Zone, the risks associated with the area and the evacuation process for Staff and Plant in the event of a flood; The Abergwili Flood Warning system, the Camarthenshire Coast Flood Alert system and the Lower Towy Flood Alert system provided by the EA/NRW will be subscribed to;
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There will be no loss of flood plain following the HDD works; Appropriate mitigation is outlined in Section 13.9 (embedded mitigation outlined in paragraphs 13.5.59-13.5.62).
NRW Agreement on study area The assessment shall take into account teleconference extents. impacts up to 250m downstream of the 6.10.14 Proposed Development. The assessment of significance is included in Section 13.6 - Section 13.8.
NRW Discussion and agreement Flood Defence Consent for the HDD teleconference on Towy Crossing and works beneath the Towy will be 6.10.14 open cut works between obtained. Abergwili Road and HDD With the use of the HDD technique it is compound; confirmed that there will be no impact Scope of FCA; upon the River Towy. The cables will be Status of consents for open laid at a depth no less than 1m below cut trench between River the soft bed of the Towy. Therefore Gwili and Abergwili Mill there will be no requirement for a Water Leat. Framework Directive Assessment to be undertaken. Flood Defence Consent for the open cut works in Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat will be obtained.
13.4 Assessment methodology
13.4.1 This chapter of the draft ES presents the following:
. Identification of the information sources that have been consulted throughout preparation of this chapter;
. Details of the consultation undertaken with respect to hydrology, drainage and flood risk;
. The methodology behind the assessment of hydrological effects, including the criteria for the determination of sensitivity of receptor and magnitude of change from the existing (baseline) condition;
. An explanation as to how the identification and assessment of potential
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hydrological effects has been reached; and
. The significance criteria and terminology for assessment of the residual effects to hydrology, drainage and flood risk.
Baseline Data Sources
13.4.2 Site visits to the River Towy, Bwlch Stream, Abergwili Mill Leat, River Gwili and Nant Crychiau along the route were undertaken by a RSK hydrologist in August 2014 and September 2014.
13.4.3 The locations chosen for the walkover were identified from OS mapping and consultation with the NRW, landowners, Local Authorities and the client.
13.4.4 Initial baseline information on the physical environment was collected from the following sources:
. Natural Resources Wales (NRW) flood maps and data;
. Western Wales River Basin Management Plan;
. Scheme proposals and design parameters;
. Ordnance Survey mapping;
. Aerial mapping and photography;
. Information provided by NRW;
. Available utility reports;
. Envirocheck reports;
. British Geological Society geology maps and borehole records;
. Soilscapes soil classification data;
. Strategic Flood Consequence Assessments;
. Preliminary Flood Risk Assessments;
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. Private Water Supply data (where available); and
. Abstraction and discharge license data (where available).
Study Area
13.4.5 The Proposed Development is defined by the Limit of Deviation (LoD) for the Proposed Development, as detailed in Chapter 2.
13.4.6 The Proposed Development follows a linear alignment corridor of approximately 25 km in length, commencing approximately 10km south of Carmarthen and 3km east of the Towy estuary, close to Llandyfaelog.
13.4.7 From this connection point, the Proposed Development runs north/north-east for approximately 8km towards Nantycaws, passing east of Cwmffrwd and west of Nantycaws. North of Nantycaws the Proposed Development trends north, passing east of Carmarthen, crossing the River Tywi at approximate National Grid reference (NGR) 243336 220186.
13.4.8 North of the Afon Tywi, the Proposed Development proceed northwards, passing west of Peniel, Rhydargaeau and Pontarsais until reaching the south of Alltwalis at approximately NGR 244407 230850. South of Alltwalis, the Proposed Development trends east for approximately 5 km, passing through the Brechfa Forest north of Llanllawdogg to the proposed Brechfa West wind farm substation.
13.4.9 The study area covered by this Chapter includes the assessment of the hydrological environment within the LoD of the Proposed Development, with a range extending to approximately 250 m downstream (and with respect to the River Towy, upstream, due to the crossing location within the tidal reach) to ensure the impacts of the development on adjacent water features have been considered.
Identification and assessment of impacts and mitigation measures
13.4.10 Potential effects of the Proposed Development on the water environment have
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been identified and assessed using criteria from the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA 2011).
13.4.11 Potential impacts and mitigation measures have been identified on the basis of information received from data collection and professional understanding of the impacts and appropriate mitigation measures from similar construction projects.
13.4.12 An assessment has been made of the significance of the effect, taking into account the sensitivity / importance of the receptor and the magnitude of the impact (including the duration / persistence and likelihood of the impact). The criteria that have been used to make judgements on the importance / sensitivity of the receptor(s) and the magnitude of impact are presented below.
Table13.2 – Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Receptor sensitivity/ Receptor Type Description importance
High Hydrology and Water Low-lying land and local Resources drainage network; Areas at a high risk of flooding; Human receptor – public and visitors; Highly and more vulnerable developments, including landfill and sites used for waste management facilities for hazardous waste; and Principal aquifers
High Water Quality Very good and good water quality (as defined by WFD) with pristine or near pristine water quality corresponding to classes A and B of the Environment Agency water quality classification; Areas of known/confirmed contaminated land/groundwater
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Receptor sensitivity/ Receptor Type Description importance
High Designated sites Protected areas e.g. Sites of (SSSIs etc) Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Ramsar sites, Special Protected Area (SPAs), Special Area of Conservation (SACs) highly sensitive to disturbance;
Medium Hydrology and Water Areas with intermediate Resources groundwater vulnerability; Surface water (flow patterns); Secondary (A, B and undifferentiated) aquifers; Areas at a medium risk of flooding; Human receptor – construction crew and operators with prior knowledge of site conditions; Less vulnerable developments, including industrial properties and waste treatment (except landfill and hazardous waste facilities); and Surface water drainage networks including drainage ditches and drains (flow patterns and capacity).
Medium Water Quality Moderate water quality (as defined by WFD) with a measurable degradation in its water quality corresponding to classes C and D of the Environment Agency water quality classification.
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Receptor sensitivity/ Receptor Type Description importance
Low Hydrology and Water Areas with low groundwater Resources vulnerability; Non-aquifers; Areas at a low risk of flooding; Areas with low groundwater vulnerability; Water compatible development, including water transmission infrastructure and pumping stations, sewage transmission infrastructure and pumping stations, and sand and gravel workings; and Local drainage network (including existing private site drainage, soakaways, etc.).
Low Water Quality Poor water quality (as defined by the WFD) resulting from anthropogenic factors, corresponding to classes E and F of the Environment Agency water quality classification.
Negligible Hydrology and Water Features not designated under Resources WFD, assessed in terms of water quality or hold any SSSI affiliation which may be impacted upon.
Negligible Water Quality Features not designated under WFD, assessed in terms of water quality or hold any SSSI affiliation which may be impacted upon identified.
13.4.13 The scale or magnitude of potential impacts (both beneficial and adverse) on hydrological baseline conditions is identified through the consideration and the application of professional judgement and supporting evidence, of details of the Proposed Development. Table 13.3 describes the criteria used for determining the magnitude of a particular impact.
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Table 13.3 – Magnitude of impact
Magnitude Definition
The proposals could result in a: large scale change to key hydrological elements; High adverse major or permanent change in the quality of surface water resources; and major or permanent change on aquatic flora or fauna.
The proposals could result in a: noticeable change to key hydrological elements; moderate or temporary reduction in the quality of surface Medium adverse water resources; and moderate to severe temporary impact on aquatic flora and fauna.
The proposals could result in a: slight changes to key hydrological elements; slight reduction in surface water quality, reversible within a Low adverse short timescale; and minor or reversible detrimental effects on aquatic flora or fauna.
The proposals could result in minute identifiable change to key Negligible adverse hydrological elements with any minor effects quickly reversible.
The proposals result in no identifiable changes to hydrological None elements.
The proposals could result in minute positive identifiable changes Negligible beneficial to key hydrological elements.
The proposals could result in a: limited positive change to key hydrological elements; Low beneficial minor local scale increase in surface water quality; and minor improvements to aquatic flora or fauna characteristics.
The proposals could result in a: noticeable improvement to key hydrological elements; semi-permanent / temporary increase in the quality of Medium beneficial surface water resources; and moderate to high, semi-permanent improvements to aquatic flora and fauna.
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The proposals could result in; large scale improvements to key hydrological elements; High beneficial major or permanent increases in the quality of surface water resources; and major, permanent improvements to aquatic flora or fauna.
13.4.14 The categories used when classifying overall significance are indicated below. Impacts requiring mitigation measures would be those of significance (which is generally considered to be a moderate significant effect or higher). An assessment has also been made of the significance of the residual effects, i.e. those which would remain after application of embedded and additional mitigation.
13.4.15 Potential effects have been assessed with embedded mitigation measures in place, whilst residual impacts take account of any additional mitigation measures proposed in response to the potential impacts.
Table 13.4 – Significance of potential effects
Magnitude Sensitivity/ Importance
High Medium Low Negligible
High Major Major Moderate Negligible
Medium Major Moderate Minor Negligible
Low Moderate Minor Minor Negligible
Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
Likelihood
13.4.16 Where the certainty of the effect could be variable, professional judgement, an understanding of the hydrological conditions and knowledge of the Proposed Development has been used in assessing the likelihood of the consequence of
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impact.
13.4.17 The likelihood of the potential consequence of impact occurring is then explicitly taken into account to derive the overall consequence of impact on hydrology.
13.4.18 The levels of likelihood that have been considered are shown in Table 13.5 and the method for assessing the likelihood as set out in the IEMA Quality Mark Article (Derek Duckett, Xodus, unknown date).
Table 13.5 – Likelihood of potential impacts
Likelihood Definition
The event appears very likely in the short term and almost Highly likely inevitable over the long term or there is evidence at the receptor of harm or pollution.
It is probable that an event will occur or circumstances are Likely such that the event is not inevitable, but possible in the short term and likely over the long term.
Circumstances are possible under which an event could Low likelihood occur, but it is not certain even in the long term that an event would occur and it is less likely in the short term.
Unlikely Circumstances are such that it is improbable the event would occur even in the long term.
13.4.19 The overall consequence of impact (significance of effects) is a judgement about the combination of the magnitude of impact and the sensitivity of the environment. This draft ES records judgements about the likely significance of effects arising from the Proposed Development.
Uncertainty and technical difficulties encountered
13.4.20 Reliance has been placed on factual and anecdotal data obtained from the
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sources identified. The information presented within this chapter is not necessarily exhaustive and further information relevant to the Proposed Development may become available. New information, revised practices or changes in legislation may necessitate the re-interpretation of the report, in whole or in part.
13.4.21 There are no significant areas of uncertainty with regard to the assessment of hydrological environmental impacts and mitigation measures. However, further hydrological / geotechnical assessment may be undertaken at the detailed design stage for construction and engineering purposes.
13.4.22 The reasonable worst case scenario considered for this Chapter considers that the entire length of the Proposed Development is constructed within a single phase, with multiple starting points along the length of the Proposed Development, which may coincide with instances of flooding along the route.
13.4.23 Overall, despite the identified uncertainties, it is considered that the available data is sufficient to provide a robust basis for the assessments undertaken.
13.5 Baseline conditions
13.5.1 The Proposed Development crosses predominantly fluvial systems associated with river and stream networks (with the exception of the Towy crossing which can be considered tidal / fluvial). The principal watercourses of interest are the River Towy and the River Gwili, in addition to a number of smaller watercourses and drainage channels.
13.5.2 The River Towy catchment is approximately 515km2 and its source can be found in the Towy Forest on the lower slopes of the Crug Gynan in the heart of the Cambrian Mountains. The Towy flows for 75 miles winding south westwards roughly following the A40 towards Carmarthen, before discharging into Carmarthen Bay. A number of tributaries feed into the Towy including the River Gwili at Abergwili, the River Cothi at Nantgaredig, the River Sawdde at Llangadog, and the River Bran at Llandovery. The Towy is considered estuarine to the south of Carmarthen and discharges into Carmarthen Bay with the River Taf.
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13.5.3 The River Gwili rises to the east of Llanllawddog in Brechfa Forest in close proximity to the River Pib and is a major tributary of the River Towy. The Gwili flows east past Llanpumsaint before turning south and winding towards its confluence with the River Towy at Abergwili. A number of tributaries feed into the Gwili with the River Duad joining the watercourse to the south east of Cynwyl Elfed, and the Nant Brechfa, Nant Felys and the Nant Crychiau joining the eastern bank on route to the Towy confluence. Table 1 in Appendix 13.1 details all the watercourses that are crossed by the Proposed Development.
13.5.4 In the following parts of this section the baseline conditions are described, firstly for the main OHL and underground sections of the Proposed Development, then for the works at Burry Port (including works at and near to the New Lodge substation), and then for the main (central) construction compound and the satellite construction compound in Brechfa Forest. Note that there potential may be an additional satellite construction compound associated with the undergrounding works near Carmarthen, which will be assessed once further details are confirmed.
13.5.5 Each part of the baseline considers water quality, important hydrological features, existing surface water abstractions and discharge consents, existing flood risk and historical flood events, underlying geology and any designated areas.
13.5.6 The final parts of the baseline description address potential affect of climate change and how it has been accounted for in the assessment process, a definition of the future baseline used for assessment purposes and a description of the embedded mitigation measures that this assessment assumes to be implemented as part of the Proposed Development.
Proposed Development – area of main works
Water Quality
13.5.7 The WFD requires that environmental objectives be set for all surface and groundwaters in England and Wales to enable them to achieve Good Status (or
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Good Ecological Potential for Heavily Modified and Artificial Water Bodies) by a defined date.
13.5.8 The assessment of sensitivity is based on the current status of the waterbody. If the aquatic environment is of existing poor quality it is likely to be less sensitive to any changes that occur as a result of construction, for example an increase in silt content from site discharge. Therefore the sensitivity is considered to decline with poorer water quality.
13.5.9 The WFD classification is not available for all surface waters within the proposed working area of the route. Tables 13.A2 – 13.A7 (Appendix 13.1) provide the details on the assessed watercourses. The remainder of the watercourses along the Proposed Development have not been assessed under the WFD criteria.
Hydrological Features
13.5.10 There are a number of hydrological features located within close proximity to the Proposed Development as outlined in Table 8 in Appendix 13.1.
Surface water abstraction
13.5.11 GroundSure environmental data (Geology, Soils and Ground Conditions Baseline Study-Annex 5) indicated that there are seven groundwater abstractions within 2km of the Proposed Development but none closer than 1km.
13.5.12 There are eight surface water abstractions within 2km of the Proposed Development. The closest of which is located near the Danfforddgaer Lakes near Pontarsais.
Discharge consents
13.5.13 GroundSure environmental data indicate that there are 10 active discharge consents within 250 m of the Proposed Development:
. Gwynfryn, Pontantwn, Kidwelly for the discharge of unspecified effluent to underground strata, effective from 7/7/1983;
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. Penyback, Llandyfaelog, Kidwelly for the discharge of unspecified effluent to Nant Morlais Trib. Of Gwendrae, effective from 30/6/1966;
. Abergwili Ps, Near Rugby Field for the discharge of sewage discharges – sewer storm overflow to the River Gwili, effective from 27/6/1988;
. Two active discharge permits for Cwm Tawer, Llangunnor, Carmarthen for the discharge of treated effluent to land, effective from 24/7/1991;
. Parc Y Gof, Peniel, Carmarthen for the discharge of unspecified effluent to land near Nantyfeyls;
. Cwmhawddgar, Peniel, Carmarthen for the discharge of unspecified effluent to land near Nantyfelys;
. Maesglyn, Llanoumsaint for the discharge of treated effluent to an unnamed tributary of the River Gwili, effective from 19/9/1994;
. Maesdawel, Rhydargaeau for the discharge of treated effluent to a tributary of the Nant Brechfa;
. Dolau Bach, Alltwalis Road, Alltwalis for the discharge of unspecified effluent to underground strata, effective from 5/11/1981; and
. Alltwalis Pumping Station for the discharge of Sewer Storm Overflow to the Nant Alltwalis.
Flooding and flood risk
Fluvial Flood Risk
13.5.14 The NRW Development Advice Map for the area shows the Proposed Development to lie predominantly outside of the flood zones and is generally considered to have a low risk of fluvial and tidal flooding. The areas of flood risk that are present along the route are associated with the following Main Rivers:
. Nant Pibwr;
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. River Towy / Abergwili Mill Leat / Bwlch Stream;
. River Gwili / Nant Crychiau; and
. Nant Corrwg / River Gwili.
13.5.15 The majority of the flood zones are small and extend only marginally further than the channel, the exception being the works to the east of Carmarthen (encompassing the flood zones of, predominantly, the River Towy and the River Gwili, but also including the Abergwili Mill Leat, Bwlch Stream and Nant Crychiau).
13.5.16 Due to the presence of Flood Zone C2 in sections along the route, the risk of flooding to these areas is considered high.
Tidal Flood Risk
13.5.17 The crossing location of the River Towy could be subject to instances of combined tidal and fluvial flooding, with the tidal limit of the Towy approximately 3.5km upstream near Whitemill.
Pluvial Flood Risk
13.5.18 According to the NRW surface water flood maps, the areas most at risk from surface water flooding are the locations of the watercourse crossings and any associated flood plains. The largest area at risk of surface water flooding is on the flood plains at the Towy / Gwili confluence. It is generally considered for the majority of the route that the risk of surface water flooding to the preferred route would be considered low.
Reservoir Flood Risk
13.5.19 Reservoir flooding is extremely unlikely. The crossing location of the River Towy is in an area classed as potentially at risk of reservoir flooding in the unlikely event of a dam failure at Llyn Brainne (10km from the source of the Towy). There has been no loss of life in the UK from reservoir flooding since 1925. Since then reservoir safety legislation has been introduced to ensure reservoirs are
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maintained. As such the risk of reservoir flooding is considered low.
Groundwater
13.5.20 According to NRW groundwater maps for the area, the route does not cross any Source Protection Zone. The impermeable nature of the underlying geology of the route would tend towards a low risk of groundwater flooding.
Sewer Flood Risk
13.5.21 In areas of an urban nature any sewer flooding tends to be isolated and on a very local scale and due to the predominantly agricultural / forestry land use in the region, the risk of sewer flooding to the Proposed Development is considered low.
Flood Defences
13.5.22 There are limited areas of flood defences in the area. A section of western Abergwili is protected by a bund and retractable flood gates on Abergwili Road.
Historic Flooding
13.5.23 There have been records of flooding affecting the area of the Towy crossing near Abergwili. Recorded floods in the area occurred in October 1987, October 1998, October 2000, November 2009, January 2013 and January 2014.
Geology
13.5.24 The general geology of the Towy Catchment area is impermeable Ordovician and Silurian strata. The site specific baseline geological setting is described in Chapter 12- Ground Conditions, Geology and Hydrogeology.
Designations
13.5.25 The route crosses one SSSI/ SAC (River Towy), and is located within 1km of three other SSSIs.
13.5.26 The Towy is of European importance for its populations of otter and resident fish
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species bullhead and brook lamprey, and migratory species such as twaite and allis shad, Atlantic salmon, river and sea lamprey. The widespread availability of undisturbed resting and breeding sites allows a population of otter to thrive.
13.5.27 The River Towy SSSI/ SAC is crossed to the east of Carmarthen at near the confluence of the Towy and Gwili. The total site area of the River Towy SSSI is 1249.5ha, however at the crossing location the designation are confined within the banks of the river.
13.5.28 The Bishops Pond SSSI lies approximately 850m to the west of the Proposed Development. Bishops Pond is an area of open water described as the best example of an ox-bow lake in West Wales, supporting many uncommon plants and is home to many species of waterfowl and insects.
13.5.29 Other SSSIs located in the area but which are not associated with hydrology are the Allt Penycoes Stream Sections SSSI (approximately 100m from the Proposed Development) and the Rhosydd Llanpunsaint SSSI (700m from the Proposed Development).
Burry Port
13.5.30 The upgrading works at Burry Port is in close proximity to a number of hydrological features and systems. The principal watercourses of interest are Barnaby Pil and the River Loughor, in addition to a number of smaller watercourses and drainage channels as outlined in Table 9 in Appendix 13.1.
Water Quality
13.5.31 The WFD classification is only available for all Barnaby Pil, which originates to the east of the substation. Table 10 in Appendix 13.1 provides the details on the assessed watercourse. The remainder of the watercourses in the area have not been assessed under the WFD criteria.
Hydrological Features
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13.5.32 There are a number of hydrological features located within close proximity to the Proposed Development at Burry Port as outlined in Table 11 in Appendix 13.1.
Flooding and flood risk
Fluvial Flood Risk
13.5.33 The NRW Development Advice Map for the area, shows the Proposed Development to predominantly lie in Flood Zone B (areas known to have flooded in the past), with the NRW flood maps placing the site outside of the flood zones and considerers them to have a low risk of fluvial and tidal flooding.
13.5.34 Ashpit Pond, Pwll Lagoon and Baranby Pill are in Flood Zone C2.
13.5.35 Due to the presence of Flood Zone B, the risk of flooding to these areas is considered low.
Tidal Flood Risk
13.5.36 The NRW flood maps for fluvial and tidal flooding show the site to lie outside an area of Flood Zone, with a low risk of flooding and as such the risk of tidal flooding is considered low.
Pluvial Flood Risk
13.5.37 According to the NRW surface water flood maps, the area is not at risk of significant pluvial flooding and as such the risk of surface water flooding to the New Lodge substation (Burry Port) and its immediate surroundings would be considered low.
Reservoir Flood Risk
13.5.38 Reservoir flooding is extremely unlikely. The area is not in a location at risk of reservoir flooding. There has been no loss of life in the UK from reservoir flooding since 1925. Since then reservoir safety legislation has been introduced to ensure reservoirs are maintained. As such the risk of reservoir flooding is considered low.
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Groundwater
13.5.39 According to NRW’s groundwater maps for the area, the route does not cross any Source Protection Zone. The proximity to the coast would tend towards a low risk of groundwater flooding.
Sewer Flood Risk
13.5.40 In areas of an urban nature any sewer flooding tends to be isolated and on a very local scale and due to the recreational land use in the area, the risk of sewer flooding to the Proposed Development is considered low.
Flood Defences
13.5.41 The embanked railway line forms a tidal defence between Burry Port and Llanelli.
Geology
13.5.42 The general geology of the Burry Port substation area is predominantly tidal flat deposits of sand, silt and clay overlying bedrock of Birthdir Member Sandstone. The site specific baseline geological setting is described in Chapter 12- Ground Conditions, Geology and Hydrogeology.
Designations
13.5.43 Pwll Lagoon SSSI lies approximately 575m to the east of the Burry Port substation.
13.5.44 The Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries SAC, Burry Inlet Ramsar Site and SPA and Burry Inlet and Loughor Estuary SSSI all lie approximately 700m to the south east of the Burry Port substation.
Construction Compound
13.5.45 The Proposed Central Construction Compound at the County Showground to the west of Carmarthen is in close proximity to a number of hydrological features and systems as outlined in Table 12 in Appendix 13.1.
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Water Quality
13.5.46 The WFD classification is only available for Tawelon, which originates to the north of the compound. Table 13 in Appendix 13.1 provides the details on the assessed watercourse. The remainder of the watercourses in the area have not been assessed under the WFD criteria.
Hydrological Features
13.5.47 There are no noticeable other hydrological features located within close proximity to the Proposed construction compound.
Flooding and flood risk
Fluvial Flood Risk
13.5.48 The NRW Development Advice Map for the area, shows the Proposed Development to lie in Flood Zone A, with the NRW flood maps placing the site outside of the flood zones and considerers them to have a low risk of fluvial and tidal flooding.
13.5.49 Areas of the Showground to the east of the proposed construction compound are located within Flood Zone C2.
13.5.50 Due to the construction compound location in Flood Zone A, the risk of flooding to these areas is considered low.
Tidal Flood Risk
13.5.51 The NRW flood maps for fluvial and tidal flooding show the site to lie outside an area of Flood Zone, with a low risk of flooding and as such the risk of tidal flooding is considered low.
Pluvial Flood Risk
13.5.52 According to the NRW surface water flood maps, the area is not at risk of significant pluvial flooding and as such the risk of surface water flooding to the
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Proposed Construction Compound is considered to be low.
Reservoir Flood Risk
13.5.53 Reservoir flooding is extremely unlikely. The area is not in a location at risk of reservoir flooding. There has been no loss of life in the UK from reservoir flooding since 1925. Since then reservoir safety legislation has been introduced to ensure reservoirs are maintained. As such the risk of reservoir flooding is considered low.
Groundwater
13.5.54 According to NRW’s groundwater maps for the area, the route does not cross any Source Protection Zone. The impermeable nature of the underlying geology of the route would tend towards a low risk of groundwater flooding.
Sewer Flood Risk
13.5.55 In areas of an urban nature any sewer flooding tends to be isolated and on a very local scale and due to the recreational land use in the area, the risk of sewer flooding at the Proposed Construction Compound is considered to be low.
Flood Defences
13.5.56 There are no flood defences in the area.
Geology
13.5.57 The general geology of the Proposed Construction Compound is predominantly Till deposits overlying bedrock of Tetragraptus Beds - Mudstone. The site specific baseline geological setting is described in Chapter 12- Ground Conditions, Geology and Hydrogeology.
Designations
13.5.58 Cors Goch Llanllwch lies approximately 200m to the south west of the Proposed construction compound.
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Satellite Compound (Brechfa Forest)
13.5.59 There is only one watercourse in proximity to the Proposed Satellite Construction Compound near the Brechfa West Substation, as outlined in Table 14 in Appendix 13.1.
Water Quality
13.5.60 There are no watercourses in the area which have been assessed under the WFD criteria.
Hydrological Features
13.5.61 There are no noticeable other hydrological features located within close proximity to the Proposed construction compound.
Flooding and flood risk
Fluvial Flood Risk
13.5.62 The NRW Development Advice Map for the area, shows the Proposed Development to predominantly lie in Flood Zone A, with the NRW flood maps placing the site outside of the flood zones and considerers them to have a low risk of fluvial and tidal flooding.
Tidal Flood Risk
13.5.63 The NRW flood maps for fluvial and tidal flooding show the site to lie outside an area of Flood Zone, with a low risk of flooding and as such the risk of tidal flooding is considered low.
Pluvial Flood Risk
13.5.64 According to the NRW surface water flood maps, the area is not at risk of significant pluvial flooding and as such the risk of surface water flooding to the Proposed Construction Compound is considered to be low.
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Reservoir Flood Risk
13.5.65 Reservoir flooding is extremely unlikely. The area is not in a location at risk of reservoir flooding. There has been no loss of life in the UK from reservoir flooding since 1925. Since then reservoir safety legislation has been introduced to ensure reservoirs are maintained. As such the risk of reservoir flooding is considered low.
Groundwater
13.5.66 According to NRW’s groundwater maps for the area, the route does not cross any Source Protection Zone. The impermeable nature of the underlying geology of the route would tend towards a low risk of groundwater flooding.
Sewer Flood Risk
13.5.67 Due to the forested nature of the area, the risk of sewer flooding at the Proposed Construction Compound is considered to be low.
Flood Defences
13.5.68 There are no flood defences in the area.
Geology
13.5.69 The general geology of the Proposed Construction Compound is predominantly tidal flat deposits of sand, silt and clay overlying bedrock of Birthdir Member Sandstone. The site specific baseline geological setting is described in Chapter 12- Ground Conditions, Geology and Hydrogeology.
Climate Change
13.5.70 Latest figures for the Western Wales River Basin District (EA, 2011) show that if emissions follow a medium future scenario, UKCP09 projected changes by the 2050s relative to the recent past are:
. winter precipitation increases of around 15% (very likely to be between 3% and 33%);
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. precipitation on the wettest day in winter up by around 12% (very unlikely to be more than 27%);
. relative sea levels are very likely to be up between 10cm and 40cm from 1990 levels (not including extra potential rises from polar ice sheet loss); and
. peak river flows in a typical catchment likely to increase between 12% and 20%.
Future Baseline
13.5.71 The future baseline for the Proposed Development is to be assessed against conditions anticipated at the commencement of construction. Due to the relatively short time frame between commencement of construction and commencement of operation (2016-2017), the future baseline conditions are comparable to the original baseline conditions.
Embedded mitigation
13.5.72 For the crossing of the River Towy, it has been confirmed that the method of Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) will be employed to cross beneath the River Towy to minimise impacts on the sensitive watercourse. Use of the HDD technique allows the laying of the cables beneath key watercourses with no disturbance or alterations to their hydraulics or hydromorphology. The cables will be at a depth of no less than 1m below the soft bed level of the River Towy, with the HDD entry and exit compounds set back approximately 25m from the top of bank of the Towy.
13.5.73 The detailed methodology for these crossings to be discussed and agreed with the Natural Resources Wales and the relevant Flood Defence Consents obtained, to avoid or minimise potential temporary increase in flood risk and water quality.
13.5.74 No works will take place within a watercourse following the date of the 15th of October to avoid any risk to spawning fish (further details outlined in Chapter 10 Ecology). All works within a watercourse will therefore be completed by this date.
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13.5.75 The subsequent assessment stage of the EIA is based on the ‘mitigated’ design including the embedded mitigation above. Additional mitigation is outlined following the assessment of impacts.
13.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase
Overhead Cable Route
Hydrology and flood risk
13.6.1 The majority of the Proposed Development is located within Flood Zone A (except Nant Pibwr crossing near Nantycaws and River Gwili crossing near Pontarsais); this is therefore considered to be low sensitivity with a low magnitude of impact, which would render a not significant impact.
13.6.2 At the crossing of the Nant Pibwr near Nantycaws, Pole No. 73 is located within Flood Zone C2 and as such is at a high risk of flooding from fluvial sources. Due to the short term nature of erection of a single pole (approximately 1 day) it is highly unlikely that this would coincide with a flood event, therefore the construction crew would have a low sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding would be considered low adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be minor adverse.
13.6.3 At the crossing of the River Gwili near Pontarsais, Pole No’s 137-141 are located within Flood Zone C2 and as such are at a high risk of flooding from fluvial sources. Due to the short term nature of erection of five single poles (3-5 days) it is highly unlikely that this would coincide with a flood event, therefore the construction crew would have a low sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding would be considered low adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be minor adverse.
13.6.4 Other areas of Flood Zone C2 are confined to the channels of watercourses crossed. Due to the small nature of the watercourses and with no works proposed in or within 8 m of the channels, there is little risk to the construction crew and this
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is considered to be low sensitivity with a negligible adverse magnitude of impact. As a result the significance of the effect would be negligible adverse.
13.6.5 Uncontrolled discharge of surface runoff into the local watercourses and drains during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. The sensitivity of any surrounding properties within Flood Zone C2 is considered to be high, while this impact is judged to have a negligible adverse magnitude of impact (based on localised flooding of relatively short duration of a few hours). There is only a two small sections of overhead works located within Flood Zone C2 and within these areas the significance of the effect would be negligible adverse.
Flood Defences
13.6.6 There are no flood defences encountered during the overhead cable sections of the route, and as such there is no impact.
Surface Water Quality
13.6.7 During the construction period there is the potential risk of accidental pollution of watercourses and waterbodies. This includes the potential risk of accidental spillages of miscible and immiscible substances including oils and fuels and a potential increase in sediment loading in the watercourses.
13.6.8 There is also the potential for the increase in the levels of nutrients such as phosphates and nitrate in the watercourse caused by leaching of soils, particularly where vegetation is cleared and topsoil stripped from agricultural land.
Rivers and other watercourses
13.6.9 Generally the locations of the works where no watercourses are present in the area constitute a low sensitivity. Where no watercourses are present within the LoD of the Proposed Development and given the temporary nature and timeframes of the works, the magnitude of the impact on water quality would be negligible adverse and present a negligible adverse effect.
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13.6.10 Works in the proximity of the River Gwili near Llanllawddog could have a greater perceived impact upon the water quality of the aforementioned watercourses. The Gwili at the above location is recorded as having a Good ecological status under the WFD. As such the sensitivity of the watercourse to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would be greater and as such the receptor would have a high sensitivity.
13.6.11 At the River Gwili crossing near Llanllawddog, the erection of the Single Intermediate Poles nos. 136-137 and 139-141 and the H-Pole Angle Pole no. 138 are in close proximity to either the Gwili or its tributary the Nant Corrwg. The number of poles would constitute a longer period of construction works in the area (as opposed to other watercourses excluding the Towy), increasing the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants. The presence of works locations in Flood Zone C2 associated with the Gwili also raises the potential for the creation of pathways for pollutants during flood events.
13.6.12 In terms of pollutant spillages (fuels and oils etc), there are no construction compounds proposed in the area, there is typically no requirement for cement foundations, and the plant used for the erection of the poles is commonly JCB-type excavators, vans, 4x4 vehicles and delivery lorries. As a result the likelihood of a spillage of chemicals is very low and this combined with a short timeframe for the works would result in a magnitude of the impact of low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the Gwili near Llanllawddog would render a moderate adverse effect, which is considered significant in EIA terms.
13.6.13 In terms of increased sediment loading and increases in levels of nitrates and phosphates from leaching of soils in the Gwili, due to the short time period for the pole erection, the minimal ground disturbance expected (20m x 30m working area surrounding pole and no permanent access tracks) and the likelihood of such increases being low, the magnitude of impact resulting from the works would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works on increasing sediment loading and the levels of nitrates and phosphates in the Gwili
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near Llanllawddog would render a moderate adverse effect, which is considered significant in EIA terms.
13.6.14 Works in the proximity of the Nant Pibwr near Nantycaws, could have a lesser perceived impact upon the water quality of the watercourse. The Nant Pibwr at the above location is recorded as having a Poor ecological status under the WFD (with the objective of being Good overall and Good ecologically by 2027). As such the sensitivity of the watercourses to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would mean the receptor would have a low sensitivity.
13.6.15 At the Nant Pibwr crossing near Nantycaws, the erection of the Single Angle/Section Pole no. 73 and the Single Intermediate Pole no. 74 located approximately 50m from the banks of the Nant Pibwr. The two Single Angle/Section Poles would only constitute a short construction timeframe (approx 2-3 days) and limited activities at the location, reducing the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants into the Nant Pibwr. The presence of works locations within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Nant Pibwr could give rise to the potential for the creation of pathways for pollutants during fluvial flood events.
13.6.16 In terms of pollutant spillages (fuels, oils, cements etc), there are no constructions compounds proposed around Pole nos. 73 and 74, there is typically no requirement for cement foundations, and the plant used for the erection of the poles is commonly JCB-type excavators, vans, 4x4 vehicles and delivery lorries. As a result the likelihood of a spillages of chemicals is very low and this combined with a short timeframe for the works would result in the magnitude of the impact would be considered negligible adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the Nant Pibwr near Nantycaws would render a negligible adverse effect.
13.6.17 In terms of increased sediment loading and increases in levels of nitrates and phosphates from the leaching of soils in the Nant Pibwr, due to the short time period for the pole erection, the minimal ground disturbance expected (20m x 30m
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working area surrounding pole and no permanent access tracks), the magnitude of the works would be considered negligible adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works on increasing sediment loading and the levels of nitrates and phosphates in the Nant Pibwr near Nantycaws would result in a negligible adverse effect.
13.6.18 Where the development does cross small streams along the route, these watercourses typically are fast flowing over a steady falling gradient. It is considered that the watercourses would be considered as negligible sensitivity watercourses.
13.6.19 To comply with legislation it is considered that no development will take place within an 7 m easement of a watercourse and as there are no construction compounds proposed in the proximity of watercourses, the timeframe for erection of a pole is very short (1-2 days) and the likelihood of a spillage of chemicals is very low and sediment loading is low, the magnitude of impact resulting from the works on remaining watercourses would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the overhead works on watercourses not assessed under the WFD would render a negligible adverse effect.
Ponds and other waterbodies
13.6.20 Works in the proximity of ponds along the route could have a greater perceived impact upon the water quality than some of the watercourses along the route, primarily due to lack of flow. The pond to the south west of Rhydargaeau and the pond to the west of Alltwalis are the most prominent in close proximity to the route (poles 117 and 156 respectively). Due to the still water nature of the ponds, the sensitivity to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would result in a medium sensitivity.
13.6.21 At the pond to the south west of Rhydargaeau the erection of the Single Intermediate Pole no. 117 is within 100 m of the pond. The erection of the pole would only constitute a very short working time and as a result would only slightly increase the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants. The
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presence of works locations in Flood Zone A will not provide any flood pathways for pollutants that could form in areas at risk of flooding.
13.6.22 In terms of pollutant spillages (fuels, oils, cements etc), as there are no construction compounds proposed in the vicinity of Pole 117, there is typically no requirement for cement foundations, and the plant used for the erection of the poles is commonly JCB-type excavators, vans, 4x4 vehicles and delivery lorries. As a result the likelihood of a spillage of chemicals is very low and this combined with a short timeframe for the works would result in a magnitude of the impact that would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the pond south west of Rhydargaeau has been assessed to have a minor adverse effect.
13.6.23 In terms of increased sediment loading and increases in levels of nitrates and phosphates from leaching of the removed or exposed soils in the pond, sustained leaching would lead to the potential eutrophication of the pond, however due to the short time period for the pole erection, the minimal ground disturbance expected (20m x 30m working area surrounding pole and no permanent access tracks) and the likelihood of such increases being low, the magnitude of impact resulting from the works would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works on increasing sediment loading and the levels of nitrates and phosphates in the pond near Rhydargaeau would render a minor adverse effect.
13.6.24 At the pond to the west of Alltwalis the erection of the Single Intermediate Pole no. 156 is within 100 m of the pond. The erection of the pole would only constitute a very short working time and as a result would decrease the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants. The presence of works locations in Flood Zone A will limit the creation of pathways for pollutants.
13.6.25 In terms of pollutant spillages (fuels, oils, cements etc), as there are no construction compounds proposed in the vicinity of Pole no. 156, there is typically no requirement for cement foundations, and the plant used for the erection of the poles is commonly JCB-type excavators, vans, 4x4 vehicles and delivery lorries.
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As a result the likelihood of a spillage of chemicals is very low and this combined with a short timeframe for the works would result in a magnitude of the impact that would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the pond west of Alltwalis would render a minor adverse effect.
13.6.26 In terms of increased sediment loading and increases in levels of nitrates and phosphates from leaching of the removed or exposed soils in the pond, sustained leaching would lead to the potential eutrophication of the pond, however due to the short time period for the pole erection, the minimal ground disturbance expected (20m x 30m working area surrounding pole and no permanent access tracks) and the likelihood of such increases being low, the magnitude of impact resulting from the works would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works on increasing sediment loading and the levels of nitrates and phosphates in the pond west of Alltwalis would render a minor adverse effect.
13.6.27 The Danfforddgaer fishing lakes near Pontarsais are approximately 150m from the Single Intermediate Poles nos. 136 and 137 and are separated by the course of the Nant Corrwg. As such the significance of impact on the Danfforddgaer fishing lakes is not assessed due to the hydrological separation of the poles and the ponds caused by the Nant Corrwg.
Underground HDD (River Towy)
Hydrology and flood risk
13.6.28 At the HDD crossing of the Towy the estimated timeframe for the works is 6 weeks. The works will be located within Flood Zone C2 and as such are at a high risk of flooding from fluvial sources. Due to the longer term and stationary nature of the HDD works and the extent of the Flood Zone C2 in the area, there is the possibility that the proposed works could coincide with a flood event. In this instance, the construction crew would have a high sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding would be considered high adverse. As a result the
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significance of the effect would be major adverse, which is considered significant in EIA terms.
Hydraulics and hydromorphology
13.6.29 The sensitivity of the Towy as a receptor is considered to be high, with a negligible magnitude of impact due to embedded mitigation in the form of HDD techniques. Overall this is predicted to be a negligible adverse impact.
Water Quality
13.6.30 During the HDD works there is the potential risk of accidental pollution of the Towy or the surrounding watercourses of the Gwili, Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat. There is the potential risk of accidental spillages of oils and fuels, spillages of Bentonite muds and drilling fluids and the facilitation of sediment loading in watercourses from land stripping.
13.6.31 HDD works in the vicinity of and beneath the River Towy near Carmarthen, could have a significant perceived impact upon the water quality of the watercourse. The Towy (GB110060029590) at the above location is recorded as having a Moderate ecological status under the WFD (with the objective of being Good Overall and Good Ecological Potential by 2027 and Good Chemical status by 2015). The Towy at the crossing location is also a protected area under the Freshwater Fish Directive and the Natura 2000 and is designated a SSSI in part due to the run of Twaite Shad and Allis Shad in May. As such the sensitivity of the watercourses to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would mean the receptor would have a high sensitivity.
13.6.32 At the River Towy crossing near Carmarthen, the HDD works would constitute a moderate term construction timeframe (about six weeks) with stationary compounds at the rig site and the pipe site, heightening the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants into the Towy. The presence of works within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Towy / Gwili confluence could create new transport pathways for pollutants during fluvial flood events.
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13.6.33 The storage of potential contaminants within the rig site could lead to a pollution incident affecting the Towy. Potential contaminants stored on site used during the HDD process could include, bentonite (drilling muds), fuels and oils.
13.6.34 Poor maintenance or lack of planning could result in storage facility failure leading to a localised spillage issue. The location of the rig site within Flood Zone C2 and the duration of the HDD works could increase the risk of water ingress into the site during times of flooding and result in the mobilisation of the pollutants, particularly the Bentonite compounds. The Bentonite compound is not considered a hazardous substance or mixture and is not considered to be toxic to fish. Fuels, oils and cements would be classed as more harmful to the environment, though there would only be limited (if any) supply of such compounds at the rig site. No refuelling would take place at these locations.
13.6.35 At the HDD crossing location the Towy is classed a Main River approximately 30m in width and roughly at the Spring Tidal reach. The Towy is recorded as having a mean daily flow of approximately 40m3/s (measured at gauging station 60010- Towy at Capel Dewi, 5km upstream). While the nature of the Towy will limit any significant localised pollution event, there is the potential for a wider, yet more diluted pollution event to occur. The flow of the river would also inhibit the settling of sediment on the river bed, with increased suspension and transport downstream. The potential scale of sediment displacement would not impact upon the Towy due to the increasing widths downstream of the crossing location.
13.6.36 From assessment of the activities and locations of the Rig site, associated works, and the external hydrological influences, the magnitude of an impact on the Towy would be considered medium adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated HDD works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the Towy near Carmarthen would render a major adverse effect.
Underground HDD (Abergwili Road and the A40)
Hydrology and flood risk
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13.6.37 The HDD works beneath Abergwili Road and the A40 are in close proximity (approx 100m) to the River Gwili and within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Towy, Gwili, Abergwili Mill Leat and Bwlch Stream.
13.6.38 At the HDD crossing of Abergwili Road and the A40, the estimated timeframe for the works is 6 weeks per crossing. The works will be located within Flood Zone C2 and as such are at a high risk of flooding from fluvial sources. Due to the longer term and stationary nature of the HDD works and the extent of the Flood Zone C2 in the area, there is the possibility that the proposed works could coincide with a flood event. In this instance, the construction crew would have a high sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding would be considered high adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be major adverse.
Water Quality
13.6.39 HDD works in the vicinity of the River Gwili near Glangwili, could have a perceived impact upon the water quality of the watercourse. The Gwili (GB110060029080) at the above location is recorded as having a Moderate ecological status under the WFD (with the objective of being Good Overall and Good Ecological Status by 2015). As such the sensitivity of the watercourses to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would mean the receptor would have a high sensitivity.
13.6.40 The HDD works would constitute a short term construction timeframe (approx 6 weeks per section) with stationary compounds at the rig site and the pipe site, heightening the potential risk of accidental spillages or increase in pollutants into the Gwili. The presence of works within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Towy / Gwili confluence could create new transport pathways for pollutants during fluvial flood events.
13.6.41 The storage of potential contaminants within the rig site and the pipe site could lead to a pollution incident affecting the Gwili. Potential contaminants stored on site used during the HDD process could include, bentonite (drilling muds), fuels, oils, and cements.
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13.6.42 Poor maintenance or lack of planning could result in storage facility failure leading to a localised spillage issue. The location of the rig site and pipe site within Flood Zone C2 and the duration of the HDD works could increase the risk of water ingress into the site during times of flooding and result in the mobilisation of the pollutants, particularly the Bentonite compounds.
13.6.43 The Bentonite compound is not considered a hazardous substance or mixture and any fuels, oils and cements stored on site would be classed as more harmful to the environment, though there would only be limited (if any) supply of such compounds at the rig site and pipe site.
13.6.44 The nature of the Gwili is considered to be important when considering the impact of potential pollutant spillages. At the HDD sites under Abergwili Road and the A40 the adjacent Gwili is classed a Main River approximately 15m in width and roughly at the Spring Tidal reach of the Towy. The Gwili is recorded as having a mean daily flow of approximately 5m3/s (measured at gauging station 60006- Gwili at Glangwili, 0.9km upstream of the Abergwili Road works and 0.7km upstream of the A40 works). While the nature of flow of the Gwili will not entirely limit any significant localised pollution event, there is still the potential for a wider, yet more diluted pollution event to occur dependent on the respective flows of the Gwili and the interaction with the Towy. The variable flow of the river may allow the settling of sediment on the river bed.
13.6.45 In terms of the activities and locations of the rig sites and pipe sites with no direct works affecting the Gwili, and the external hydrological influences (flood zone location), the magnitude of an impact on the Gwili would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated HDD works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the Gwili near Glangwili would render a moderate adverse effect.
Open Cut Trenching Works (Abergwili Mill Leat, Bwlch Stream, Gwili, Nant Crychiau)
Hydrology and flood risk
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13.6.46 The estimated timeframe for the works in the area extending from the HDD Rig Site on the northern banks of the Towy to the Conceptual 4-Pole Terminal Position near Uwchgwili is less than 2 months. The works will be located within Flood Zone C2 and as such are at a high risk of flooding from fluvial sources. Due to the longer term and stationary nature of the open cut trenching works and the extent of the Flood Zone C2 in the area, there is the possibility that the proposed works could coincide with a flood event. In this instance, the construction crew would have a high sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding would be considered high adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be major adverse.
13.6.47 Due to the nature of the excavation works for the area around the Towy / Gwili confluence there is the potential for the creation of artificial new flow pathways within the open cut channels. Flooding of the cable trenches and the creation or modification of drainage channels themselves would be classed as having a low sensitivity, with a negligible magnitude of effect, as any works associated with the construction of the underground section would be short term. The overall significance of effect would therefore be considered to be negligible adverse.
Uncontrolled runoff
13.6.48 Uncontrolled discharge of surface water runoff from the working areas into the local watercourses during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. Flows will predominantly be directed towards Bwlch Stream, Abergwili Mill Leat, the Gwili or the Nant Crychiau. There are few vulnerable properties or sensitive areas of land between the Proposed Development site and the watercourses, and the area is already classed as a Flood Zone C2. Therefore the sensitivity is considered high, although the magnitude of the increase in the volume of surface water would be insignificant and low enough to constitute a negligible adverse magnitude of impact. Overall the effect of surface water runoff from the Proposed Development is predicted to be negligible adverse.
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Flood Defences
13.6.49 There are flood defences located to the east of the open cut trenching activities between the Towy and Abergwili Road. There will be no impact upon these defences during the construction works due to the distance from the works.
Hydraulics and morphology of watercourse
13.6.50 Three watercourses will be crossed during the open cut trenching works, Bwlch Stream (Main River), Abergwili Mill Leat (Main River which at the time the route was walked was dry) and Nant Crychiau (GB110060029070). The Gwili runs parallel to sections of the construction working area. The watercourses crossed by using an open cut method (Main River of Bwlch Stream and the Abergwilli Mill Leat and the WFD recorded Nant Crychiau) would have a medium sensitivity.
13.6.51 The nature of the open cut trenching works on the crossed watercourses will require engineering works to take place within the channels. If there is flow in the channel at the time of works, it is anticipated that flow will be maintained in the watercourse by damming and over pumping or fluming the watercourse to allow the excavations to proceed. All channels would be reinstated following completion of the crossing and as such would only constitute a low adverse magnitude of impact.
13.6.52 From the assessment of the works of the open cut trenching on the hydraulics and the morphology of the watercourses, any effect would be considered a minor adverse.
13.6.53 The works within the watercourses will be temporary and as such a Water Framework Directive Assessment for the Nant Crychiau would not be required for the works.
Water Quality
13.6.54 During the open cut trenching works there is the potential risk of accidental pollution of the surrounding watercourses of the Gwili, Bwlch Stream, Abergwili
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Mill Leat and Nant Crychiau. There most prominent risk associated with this activity is the facilitation of sediment loading and phosphates and Nitrogen increases in watercourses from land stripping for the trenches and the storage of the removed materials.
13.6.55 Open cut works in the vicinity of and beneath the Nant Crychiau near Abergwili, could have a significant perceived impact upon the water quality of the watercourse. The Nant Crychiau (GB110060029070) at the above location is recorded as having a Moderate ecological status under the WFD (with the objective of being Good Overall and Good Ecological Status by 2015. The Nant Crychiau is not designated a protected area. As such the sensitivity of the watercourses to pollutant spillages and increased sediment loads would mean the receptor would have a medium sensitivity.
13.6.56 At the Nant Crychiau crossing near Abergwili, the open cut trench works would constitute a short term construction timeframe (less than 2 months) and would not require significant stationary compounds. As such there is a lower risk of accidental spillages or increase in oils, fuels and cements entering the Nant Crychiau. The presence of works within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Towy / Gwili confluence could create new transport pathways for pollutants during fluvial flood events.
13.6.57 Stripping of the land for construction purposes and stockpiling of topsoil and subsoil within the working area adjacent to the excavations within the Nant Crychiau can facilitate the mobilisation of sediments and increase the levels of nutrients (including phosphates and nitrates from the leaching of stripped or exposed soil) within the Nant Crychiau and the Gwili. Due to the short term works in the proximity of the watercourse, the storage of loose sediment in areas adjacent to the watercourse and the extent of the Flood Zone C2, any mobilised sediments are likely to enter either the Nant Crychiau or the Gwili.
13.6.58 The nature of the Nant Crychiau is considered to be important when determining the impact of potential sediment increases. At the crossing location the Nant
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Crychiau is classed as an ordinary watercourse approximately 5m in width close to its confluence with the Gwili. The surrounding area is classed as lying within Flood Zone C2.
13.6.59 From assessment of the construction activities outlined for the crossing of the Nant Crychiau and the external hydrological influences, the magnitude of an impact on the Nant Crychiau would be considered medium adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated open cut trench works resulting in sediment increase in the Nant Crychiau near Abergwili would render a moderate adverse effect.
13.6.60 There is not anticipated to be an impact from potential heating of the waters of the Nant Crychiau due to the depths of the buried cables and the surrounding materials negating any potential miniscule increase in temperature. The significance of impact is therefore not assessed.
13.6.61 Open cut works in the vicinity of and beneath Bwlch Stream and the Abergwili Mill Leat near Abergwili, could have a significant perceived impact upon the water quality of the watercourse. Both watercourses are classed as Main Rivers though are not recorded under the Water Framework Directive, but both watercourses eventually drain into the Gwili/ Towy confluence. As a result of sensitive downstream watercourses, Bwlch Stream and the Abergwili Mill Leat would be considered medium sensitivity receptors.
13.6.62 At the Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat crossings near Abergwili, the open cut trench works would constitute a short term construction timeframe (less than 2 months) and would not require significant stationary compounds. As such there is a lower risk of accidental spillages or increase in oils, fuels and cements entering the watercourse. The presence of works within Flood Zone C2 associated with the Towy / Gwili confluence could give rise to the creation of new transport pathways for pollutants during fluvial flood events.
13.6.63 Stripping of the land for construction purposes and stockpiling of topsoil and subsoil within the working area adjacent to Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat can facilitate the mobilisation of sediments and increase the levels of nutrients
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(including phosphates and nitrates from the leaching of stripped or exposed soil) within the watercourses and towards the Gwili and Towy. Due to the short term works in the proximity of the watercourse, the storage of loose sediment in areas adjacent to the watercourse and the extent of the Flood Zone C2, any mobilised sediments are likely to enter either the aforementioned watercourse.
13.6.64 The influence of the surrounding watercourse is considered to be important when considering the impact of potential sediment increases. At the crossing locations both watercourses are classed as Main Rivers approximately 1-2m in width. The surrounding area is classed as lying within Flood Zone C2. At the time of the site walkover for the open cut and HDD sections of the route around the Towy crossing, the Abergwili Mill Leat was noted to be dry and Bwlch stream had a low flow.
13.6.65 From assessment of the construction activities outlined for the crossing of Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat and the external hydrological influences, the magnitude of an impact on the watercourses would be considered medium adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated open cut trench works resulting in sediment increase in Bwlch Stream and Abergwili Mill Leat near Abergwili would render a moderate adverse effect.
13.6.66 There are no ponds within close proximity to the undergrounding works, whether HDD or open cut, and as a result there will be no impacts attributed to this area of the construction. The significance of impact is therefore not assessed.
Construction Compound
Hydrology and Flood Risk
13.6.67 The central construction compound is to be located at the County Showground off the A40 to the west of Carmarthen. The development is located outside of any mapped flood zone and as such is at a very low risk of flooding from fluvial sources. The construction workforce/ construction compound workers would have a low sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding of the area would be
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considered negligible adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be negligible adverse.
13.6.68 Flooding can potentially occur as a result of blockages in the existing watercourses crossed by access tracks for the development. An access road already exists within the site and crosses the drain at the western boundary. There are no proposals to culvert watercourses, and as such the resulting significance is therefore not assessed.
13.6.69 Uncontrolled discharge of surface water runoff from the construction compounds (from increased impermeable areas of the offices / storage containers etc) into the local watercourses during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. Flows will predominantly be directed towards the drain to the west of the proposed site. There are few vulnerable properties or sensitive areas of land between the Proposed Development site and the Tawelon. Therefore the sensitivity is considered low, and the increased volume of surface water would be low enough to constitute a low adverse magnitude of impact. Overall the effect of surface water runoff from the Proposed Development is predicted to be minor adverse.
Water Quality
13.6.70 The storage of potential contaminants within the construction compound could lead to a pollution incident affecting the local watercourses. Potential contaminants stored on site for the construction process could include bentonite, fuels and oils. Activities including vehicle servicing, washing and refuelling within the construction compound could also lead to pollution incidents.
13.6.71 Poor maintenance or lack of planning could result in storage facility failure leading to a localised spillage issue. The location of the construction compound outside of any flood zone would reduce the risk of the mobilisation and transportation of pollutants.
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13.6.72 Any significant spillage issue at the main construction compound could have significant local impacts, particularly within the drain at the western boundary of the compound, however the extent of the impact should be limited due to the low flow watercourse. The magnitude of the effect of a pollutant spillage on the small drain would be high adverse in the local area but is unlikely to significantly affect areas downstream.
13.6.73 From assessment of the location of the main construction compounds and the onsite activities, the overall significance of an unmitigated spillage of hazardous materials into the drain to the west of the site would be considered a moderate adverse effect.
Satellite Compound
13.6.74 The satellite construction compound is to be located within Brechfa Forest close to the Brechfa West Substation. The development is located outside of any mapped flood zone and as such is at a very low risk of flooding from fluvial sources. The construction workforce / construction compound workers would have a low sensitivity to flooding and the magnitude of flooding of the area would be considered negligible adverse. As a result the significance of the effect would be negligible adverse.
13.6.75 Flooding can potentially occur as a result of blockages in the existing watercourses crossed by access tracks for the development. However there are no watercourses within 100m of the construction compound and access tracks area already in situ in the location and as such the resulting significance is therefore not assessed.
13.6.76 Uncontrolled discharge of surface water runoff from the construction compounds (from increased impermeable areas of the offices / storage containers etc) into the local watercourses during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. There are few vulnerable properties or sensitive areas of land between the Proposed Development site and the nearest watercourse 100m to the
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south east. Therefore the sensitivity is considered low, and the increased volume of surface water would be low and there forested nature of the area would impede surface water movement therefore a negligible adverse magnitude of impact is anticipated. Overall the effect of surface water runoff from the Proposed Development is predicted to be negligible adverse.
Water Quality
13.6.77 The storage of potential contaminants within the construction compound could lead to a pollution incident affecting the local watercourses. Potential contaminants stored on site for the construction process could include bentonite, fuels and oils. Activities including vehicle servicing, washing and refuelling within the construction compound could also lead to pollution incidents.
13.6.78 Poor maintenance or lack of planning could result in storage facility failure leading to a localised spillage issue. The location of the construction compound outside of any flood zone would reduce the risk of the mobilisation and transportation of pollutants.
13.6.79 The nearest watercourse to the site is classed as an ordinary watercourse and is not recorded under the Water Framework Direction. Therefore the sensitivity of the nearest watercourse to the site would be considered low.
13.6.80 Any significant spillage issue at the satellite construction compound could have significant local impacts; however the extent of the impact should be limited due to the distance of the watercourse to the satellite compound and the forested nature of the area. As such it is unlikely that a spillage would reach the watercourse and is highly unlikely to significantly affect areas downstream. As a result, the magnitude of the impact on the watercourse to the south east of the site, would in the worst case be considered medium adverse.
13.6.81 From assessment of the location of the satellite construction compound and the onsite activities, the overall significance of an unmitigated spillage of hazardous materials towards the drain to the south of the site would be considered a minor
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adverse effect.
Access Tracks
Hydrology and Flood Risk
13.6.82 Temporary access tracks may be used during the construction. Flooding can potentially occur as a result of blockages in the existing watercourses crossed by access tracks for the development.
13.6.83 If an access track is scheduled to be developed crossing a watercourse, this could give rise to localised flooding caused by blockages in the temporary culverts. Any blockages will be a result of construction material entering the watercourse and potentially reducing capacity at the existing culvert sections. In such an event, there will only be a limited area of impact of flooding from blockages and as such the overall magnitude of the impact would be negligible adverse. Overall the significance of flooding impacts caused by blockages in temporary culverts is expected to be negligible adverse. Any culverts constructed to allow access will be removed following the construction phase and the watercourse reinstated.
13.6.84 Uncontrolled discharge of surface water runoff from the access tracks into the local watercourses during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. The majority of the access tracks to be used are already in existence as existing farm tracks and only small sections of temporary access tracks may be required. It is likely that the access tracks will be constructed using a geotextile layer, interlocking plastic plates or metal sheets overlaying wood planks. As such the overall increase in surface water from the construction of the temporary access tracks would constitute a negligible adverse magnitude of impact and as such would only render a negligible adverse effect on the surrounding watercourses.
Water Quality
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13.6.85 A geotextile membrane, plastic plates or metal sheets overlaying wood planks would not result in any detrimental effect to surface water quality of the surrounding hydrological environment. As such temporary access tracks would constitute a negligible adverse magnitude of impact and as such would only render a negligible adverse effect on the water quality surrounding watercourses and areas.
Works on existing infrastructure
13.6.86 There will be a need to underground short sections of existing 11kV and other low- voltage lines to ensure appropriate clearances are maintained.
13.6.87 Installation of semi-tension sets will be necessary to overcome clearance infringements (semi tension sets are installed to increase clearance between the OHL and the ground, other OHL crossings or other structures, by replacing a suspension insulator set (which hangs vertically) with insulators that are suspended horizontally).
13.6.88 The infrastructure near Burry Port will also require the following works:
. Install circuit breaker within the New Lodge substation compound
. Install underground cabling between towers W38, C6 and substation
. Install sealing end platforms, underground cable and new overhead span
. Dismantle a span of conductor between W40/EE5 and B5/C4.
13.6.89 There is not predicted to be any impact to hydrology, drainage and flood risk caused by the works within the New Lodge substation or the dismantling of a span of conductor between W40/EE5 and B5/C4.
13.6.90 Ashpits Pond and a stretch of land to the north of the existing line are classed as Flood Zone C2 on the Welsh Assembly’s Development Advice Maps. The Substation and the routes of the existing infrastructure generally lie within Flood Zone B (areas known to have flooded in the past). NRW mapping shows the
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areas where the works are scheduled to be at a low risk of fluvial, tidal and surface water flooding. With Ashpits Pond forming part of a nature reserve the significance of the waterbody is considered medium.
Uncontrolled runoff
13.6.91 Uncontrolled discharge of surface water runoff from the working areas into the local watercourses during storm events has the potential to cause localised flooding and increase the risk of flooding downstream with consequential damage and disturbance. Flows will predominantly be directed towards Ashpits Pond or the River Loughor estuary. As such there are few vulnerable properties or sensitive areas of land between the Proposed Development site and the watercourses. Therefore the sensitivity of the area is considered low, though the magnitude of the increase in the volume of surface water would be insignificant and low enough to constitute a negligible adverse magnitude of impact. Overall the effect of surface water runoff from the Proposed Development is predicted to be negligible adverse.
Flood Defences
13.6.92 There are flood defences located to the south east of the undergrounding works, adjacent to the southern side of the railway line. There will be no impact upon these defences during the construction works due to the distance from the works.
Hydraulics and morphology of watercourse
13.6.93 The works will not cross any watercourses and therefore this has not been assessed.
Water Quality
13.6.94 During the undergrounding works and the construction of the cable sealing end platform there is the potential risk of accidental pollution of Ashpits Pond.
13.6.95 In terms of pollutant spillages (fuels, oils, cements etc), as there are no
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construction compounds proposed in the vicinity of the proposed works, there is a reduced need to store pollutants in areas which can affect the Ashpits Pond. As a result the likelihood of a spillage of chemicals is very low and this combined with a short timeframe for the works would result in a magnitude of the impact that would be considered low adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated works resulting in accidental pollutant spillages into the Ashpits Pond would render a minor adverse effect.
13.6.96 The most prominent risk associated with this activity is the facilitation of sediment loading and nutrient increases in watercourses from land stripping for the trenches and the storage of the removed materials. Due to the short term works and the distance to the pond, it is unlikely that any mobilised sediments will enter Ashpits Pond.
13.6.97 From assessment of the construction activities outlined in vicinity of Ashpits Pond, the magnitude of an impact would be considered negligible adverse. The overall significance of the unmitigated undergrounding works resulting in sediment increase in Ashpits Pond would render a negligible adverse effect.
13.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase
13.7.1 During the operational phase, there will be limited impact from the development on the surrounding hydrological environment. Any works during the operational period will involve isolated maintenance to the Proposed Development and will not require any significant infrastructure works.
13.7.2 Onsite maintenance works to cable route and poles during the operational period will generally by limited to single vehicle access by way of 4x4 or tractor and trailer vehicles, by foot or by helicopter and would not require any new temporary access. Inspections of the OHL are conducted annually. The sensitivity of the watercourses along the route would vary in terms of flood risk and water quality, though due to the limited impacts of the maintenance, the magnitude of any impact would be classed as negligible adverse due to the low likelihood of any spillages, with no increase to flood risk. As such the overall significance of maintenance
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works affecting watercourses crossed by the route is considered negligible adverse.
13.7.3 There is not anticipated to be an impact from potential heating of the waters of the watercourses due to the depths of the buried cables and the surrounding materials negating any potential miniscule increase in temperature. The significance of impact is therefore not assessed.
13.7.4 There is not anticipated to be an impact of flood risk in the River Gwili resulting from the location of the three poles within the flood zone at the crossing location due to the negligible overall area of the poles and the overall scale of the flood zone in the area. The significance of impact is therefore not assessed.
13.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase
13.8.1 During the decommissioning phase of the development, the general onsite activities and impacts are broadly considered to be similar to those experienced during the construction phase, with some notable differences. The decommissioning works are less intrusive and invasive, and over a shorter time frame than construction works, with existing access tracks utilised, and pole excavated, cut and left in situ approximately 1m below the surface.
13.8.2 As with activities undertaken during the construction phase, there is potential for spillages of harmful chemicals during the decommissioning phase with plant being onsite for periods of time while the poles are excavated, cut and removed.
13.8.3 The notable change in significance is that decommissioning will take place after 2027, at which point under the WFD all watercourses should have achieved a Good Status. As such, the watercourses crossed by the route (Nant Pibwr, Towy, Gwili and Nant Crychiau) would as a receptor, have a high sensitivity.
13.8.4 The magnitude of the impact would be considered low adverse resulting from a slight temporary (short term) reduction in the quality of surface water. It would be anticipated that there would be a lesser requirement (if any) to store or use any
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hazardous pollutants in proximity to these watercourses during the decommissioning phase. Therefore, there could be a slight potential risk of the temporary degradation of the 2027 Good status of the watercourse during the decommissioning period and the resulting significance of the effect of spillages on the water quality would be moderate adverse.
13.8.5 Increases in flood risk associated with the decommissioning of the route are not likely to lead to a significant effect on the existing flood zones and as such would only constitute a negligible adverse magnitude and a negligible adverse significance of effect.
13.8.6 The latest guidance and best practice available at the time will be adhered to during the decommissioning phase.
13.9 Mitigation measures
Construction Phase
13.9.1 To reduce the impact of the development on the existing environment, mitigation measures will be put in place, particularly during the construction and the decommissioning phases.
13.9.2 In general the following Pollution Prevention Guidelines should be adhered to where relevant:
. PPG 1: General guide to the prevention of water pollution;
. PPG 2: Above ground oil storage tanks;
. PPG 3: Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems;
. PPG 4: Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available;
. PPG 5: Works and maintenance in or near watercourses;
. PPG 6: Working at construction and demolition sites;
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. PPG 7: Safe storage – The safe operation of refuelling facilities;
. PPG 8: Safe storage and disposal of used oils;
. PPG 13: Vehicle washing and cleaning;
. PPG 18: Managing fire water and major spillages;
. PPG 20: Dewatering of underground ducts and chambers;
. PPG 21: Pollution incident response planning;
. PPG 22: Incident response – dealing with spills; and
. PPG 26: Safe storage - drums and intermediate bulk containers.
13.9.3 In line with the Pollution Prevention Guidelines (in particular PPG5) and best practice to reduce the instance of silt laden and or contaminated runoff from the site during the construction period, the following measures will be implemented:
With respect to stockpiles, exposed ground and sediment:
. Minimised amount of exposed ground and soil stockpiles from which water drains and the period of time such water drains (any surplus excavated materials will be disposed of off-site as early as possible);
. Gaps will be provided at intervals in the stockpiles to act as water pathways to ensure that floodwater movement is not hindered and surface water flooding is not exacerbated;
. Only remove vegetation from the area that needs to be exposed in the near future (ensure a vegetated strip will be left adjacent to any watercourses);
. Seed or cover stockpiles;
. All soils will be stored away from watercourses and any potentially contaminated soil will be stored on an impermeable surface and covered to reduce leachate generation and potential migration to surface waters;
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. Use of silt fences at the toe of the slopes, made from semi-permeable geotextile fabric, vertically held on timber post, to reduce sediment transportation;
. Use of silt traps on the inlet or outlets side of culverts to reduce sediment transportation;
. Provided lagoons/ ponds that allow suspended solids to settle out before disposal;
. Use of straw bales to filter out sediment from normal flows in drainage ditches, pinned into position to avoid being washed away. Silt laden bales should be discarded in line with relevant waste regulations.
With respect to on-site working:
. Ensure that any vehicle or plant washing is carried out on designated areas of hardstanding at least 10 m from any watercourse or surface water body;
. Collect run-off from hard standing area in a sump;
. Ensure settled solids are removed regularly;
. Dispose of contained water to either foul sewer if possible or tanker off site.
With respect to safe storage and use of concrete and cement, concrete and cement mixing and washing areas should:
. Be sited 10m from any watercourse or surface water drain to minimise the risk of runoff entering a watercourse;
. Have settlement and re-circulation systems for water re-use, to minimise the risk of pollution and reduce water usage;
. Dispose of contained water to either foul sewer if possible or tanker off site.
With respect to safe storage and use of oils and chemicals:
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. Fuel, oil and chemical storage should be on an impervious base within a secondary containment system such as a bund. The base and bund walls should be impermeable to the solution stored and be able to contain at least 110% of the volume stored.
. The storage facility should be sited at least 10m from any watercourse and 50m away from any well, borehole or spring;
. Appropriate spill kits should be stored in the immediate vicinity of the storage facility and trained staff to utilise in case of incident.
When refuelling (risk of spillage is greatest when refuelling plant):
. Refuel mobile plant in designated areas, or on impermeable base away from drain, watercourses or abstraction locations;
. Use a bunded bowser;
. Supervise all refuelling and bulk deliveries;
. Check the available capacity in the tank before refuelling;
. Don’t jam open a delivery valve;
. Check hoses and valves regularly for signs of wear;
. Turn off valves after refuelling and lock them when not in use;
. Position drip trays under pumps to catch minor spills;
. Keep a spill kit with sand, earth or commercial products for containment of spillages;
. Provide incident response training to staff and contractors.
Mitigation in respect of vehicle and wheel washing on site:
. Vehicle washing and cleaning should be carried out in areas that are clearly marked and isolated from surface water drainage systems, unmade ground
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and porous surfaces (designated washing bays);
. A designated washing bay should be designed so that runoff is; isolated using channels, gullies, gradients, directed to a silt trap or sediment tank to remove larger particles, and either collected in a sealed system for reuse or authorised disposal or discharged to public foul sewer (subject to approval).
Mitigation in respect of oils and trade materials on site:
. If possible use biodegradable hydraulic oil in plant when working in or near watercourses;
. If possible use water based or low solvent products;
. Avoid products containing lead as a drying agent and those containing hazardous solvents (toluene or chlorinated hydrocarbons);
. Provide safe and secure storage (biodegradable oils to same standards as synthetic oils).
The following Consents will be sought:
. Flood Defence consents will be sought for any works within 7m of a main river or for works within, above or below a main river. As such flood defence consents will be sought for the HDD works beneath the River Towy, for the open cut works within Bwlch Stream, Abergwili Mill Leat and open cut works adjacent to the River Gwili. Flood defence consent for overhead works will be sought for works above the Nant Pibwr and the upstream sections of the River Gwili.
. Land Drainage Consent will be sought from Carmarthenshire County Council for the open cut works within the ordinary watercourse of the Nant Crychiau.
Culverting:
. If required, culverts for watercourse crossings will be sized accordingly to accommodate existing flows;
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. Overland flow paths will be defined to provide relief if culverts become partially or fully blocked;
Mitigation of uncontrolled runoff from access tracks:
13.9.4 Temporary access tracks where required will be constructed with metal sheeting (where necessary overlaying wood planks) and such will not greatly impact surface water runoff.
Mitigation of uncontrolled runoff from construction compound:
13.9.5 Typically the compounds will require a wide strip of geotextile laid on the ground covered by a nominal layer of stone to form the compound. Areas of the construction compound such as portacabins, storage systems etc will result in the potential increase in surface water runoff. Generally the compounds will maintain a permeable nature, however as there will be an increase in hardstanding, a form of attenuation will be required on site to maintain flow rates at the pre development level. Any flows in excess of the infiltration rates will be stored in the attenuation facility and will not impact on land outside of the site. The specifications of the attenuation facility to be determined at the detailed design stage.
13.9.6 The content of the stone should not include a high percentage of fines so as to not increase the risk of sediment contamination of the adjacent area and watercourses.
Site Specific HDD Mitigation
13.9.7 In addition to the embedded mitigation for the HDD works outlined in paragraphs 13.5.59-13.5.62, and the principles of the Pollution Prevention Guidelines (above), where HDD works are proposed, site specific pollution control measures will be employed. It has been identified that all equipment containing hazardous fluids will have double skinned fuel tanks or be parked on drip trays with 0.5mm PVC berms to contain any fluid spills or storm water runoff. Spill kits will be carried on all plant that operates with hazardous fluids.
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13.9.8 The mitigation measures within the project design are discussed within paragraphs 13.5.37 to 13.5.64 and will be secured via Requirements in the DCO or via the CEMP and SWMP, which themselves will be the subject of a Requirement of the DCO.
Operational Phase Mitigation
13.9.9 Works during the operational phase will be less intrusive and will mainly consist of maintenance works and as such will require less stringent mitigation.
13.9.10 Mitigation measures relating to stockpiling, exposed ground and sediment, on-site working, safe storage and use of cements, concretes, oils and fuels, refuelling and vehicle washing should be adhered to if undertaking works involving such activities or use of materials.
Decommissioning Phase Mitigation
13.9.11 Mitigation during the decommissioning of the project and restoration of the land will be similar to that applied during the construction phase. A decommissioning plan will be agreed with the local planning authority.
13.10 Residual effects
13.10.1 Following the incorporation of above additional mitigation, the significance of effect is reduced in line with Table 13.6.
Table 13.6 – Significance of residual effects following mitigation
Description of Impact / Residual Possible Mitigation Measures Impact Effect Effect
Flood risk to During construction all site staff construction would be made aware of sections crew working at of the route that are located within Negligible Minor pole 73 and a Flood Zone, and aware of the adverse (not adverse poles 136-141 evacuation process for Staff and significant) construction Plant in the event of a flood. The locations Lower Towy Flood Alert system
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provided by the NRW should be subscribed to.
Pollutant If applicable, all fuels, lubricants spillages into the and cements should be stored in Negligible River Gwili near Moderate appropriately bunded facilities. adverse (not Llanllawddog adverse Works should where possible be significant) during works on conducted to coincide with periods poles 136 to 141 of low flow.
Any removed soils from the pole foundations excavations should not be stored within 7m of the top Increased of bank of the River Gwili or the sediment loading Nant Corrwg. The excavated and increased materials would be used as backfill Negligible Moderate levels of to secure the pole and compacted adverse (not adverse phosphates and to a similar density as the significant) nitrates in the surrounding ground. Small River Gwili amounts of surplus excavated soils will be spread locally in areas that will not impact the watercourses.
During construction all site staff would be made aware of sections Flood Risk to the of the route that are located within construction a Flood Zone, the risks associated crew at the HDD with the area and the evacuation rig sites and pipe Negligible Major process for Staff and Plant in the sites for the adverse (not adverse event of a flood. The Abergwili Towy crossing, significant) Flood Warning system, the Abergwilli Road Carmarthenshire Coast Flood Alert crossing and the system and the Lower Towy Flood A40 crossing Alert system provided by the NRW should be subscribed to.
All fuels, lubricants and cements should be stored in appropriately Pollutant bunded facilities. spillages (fuels, oils, cements Negligible Major Mitigation would include the use of and bentonite) adverse (not adverse appropriate measures as outlined into the Towy significant) in the Environment Agency during HDD Pollution Prevention Guidance works (PPGs) to prevent spillage of potentially polluting substances,
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including the following; Guidance for storing and handling materials and products; - PPG 2: Above ground oil storage tanks. - PPG 6: Working at construction and demolition sites. - PPG 26: Safe storage - drums and intermediate bulk containers. Guidance for site drainage, dealing with sewage and trade effluents; - PPG 3: Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems. - PPG 4: Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available. - PPG 13: Vehicle washing and cleaning. Guidance on good environmental practice; - PPG 1: General guide to the prevention of water pollution. - PPG 5: Works and maintenance in or near watercourses. - PPG 21: Pollution incident response planning. - PPG 22: Incident response – dealing with spills
The Abergwili Flood Warning system, the Carmarthenshire Coast Flood Alert system and the Lower Towy Flood Alert system provided by the EA/NRW should be subscribed to in order to enable the evacuation of potentially polluting machinery and plant out of the Flood Zone. Flood Defence Consent from NRW will be obtained for the HDD works beneath the River Towy
Pollutant spillages (fuels, Mitigation in line with that oils, cements proposed for the Towy crossing Negligible Moderate and bentonite) (above) should be employed at the adverse (not adverse into the Gwili Abergwili Road and the A40 significant) during HDD crossings. works
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During construction all site staff would be made aware of sections of the route that are located within Flood Risk to the a Flood Zone, the risks associated construction with the area and the evacuation crew at the open Negligible Major process for Staff and Plant in the cut area between adverse (not adverse event of a flood. The Abergwili the HDD rig site significant) Flood Warning system, the near the Towy Carmarthenshire Coast Flood Alert and Uwchgwili. system and the Lower Towy Flood Alert system provided by the EA/NRW should be subscribed to.
Temporary works would be designed not to reduce the capacity or restrict the flow of the watercourse. Where temporary dams are proposed in order to create a relatively dry working area, an appropriate over pumping or diversion system must be in place in order to ensure that flow is Open cut maintained. crossings of Method statements for the watercourses crossing and reinstatement of the Negligible resulting in short Minor watercourses along the cable adverse (not term adverse route and for flume pipe significant) modifications to installations would be agreed with hydraulics and NRW before the start of morphology construction. Banks would be reinstated following construction – soft revetment materials would be used wherever possible to stabilise banks where necessary. The cable will be buried at a sufficient depth to prevent scour and to allow a natural substrate to form.
Increased Any removed soils from the pole sediment loading foundations excavations should and increased not be stored within 7m of the top Negligible Moderate levels of of bank of the Nant Crychiau. The adverse (not adverse phosphates and excavated materials would be significant) nitrates in the used as backfill to secure the pole Nant Crychiau and compacted to a similar density
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as the surrounding ground. Small amounts of surplus excavated soils will be spread locally in areas that will not impact the watercourses. To minimise the risk of potential contaminant pathways being introduced during the cable laying, trenches would be refilled with stabilised backfill and the excavated material that would be compacted to a similar density as the surrounding ground. This would decrease the likelihood of ponded water on the backfilled excavations. The cables would be quickly placed within the trenches to minimise the ingress of water into the trenches. There will be no ‘in-water’ works as part of the open cut section after the 15th October due to fish spawning. The ‘in-water’ works will take place between the 3/10 and the 7/10 and as such these works should lie at the very start of the general flood event season (October to January).
Any removed soils from the pole foundations excavations should not be stored within 7m of the top of the bank of the Bwlch Stream, Increased Abergwili Mill Leat or the River sediment loading Gwili. The excavated materials and increased would be used as backfill to secure levels of Negligible Moderate the pole and compacted to a phosphates and adverse (not adverse similar density as the surrounding nitrates in the significant) ground. Small amounts of surplus Bwlch Stream excavated soils will be spread and the Abergwili locally in areas that will not impact Mill Leat the watercourses. To minimise the risk of potential contaminant pathways being introduced during the cable laying,
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trenches would be refilled with stabilised backfill and the excavated material would be compacted to a similar density as the surrounding ground. This would avoid the creation of preferential flow pathways and decrease the likelihood of ponded water on the backfilled excavations. The cables would be quickly placed within the trenches to minimise the ingress of water into the trenches. There will be no ‘in-water’ works as part of the open cut section after the 15th October due to fish spawning. The ‘in-water’ works will take place between the 3/10 and the 7/10 and as such these works should lie at the very start of the general flood event season (October to January).
Typically these will require a wide strip of geotextile laid on the ground covered by a nominal layer Uncontrolled of stone to form the compound. runoff from the As such the compound areas will Negligible construction Minor maintain a permeable nature and adverse (not compound adverse not increase the surface water significant) causing localised runoff from the development. Any flooding flows in excess of the infiltration rates will discharge to the surrounding ground and will not impact on land outside of the site.
Pollutant Mitigation would include the use of spillages (fuels, appropriate measures as outlined oils, cements in the Environment Agency and bentonite) Pollution Prevention Guidance Negligible into the local Moderate (PPGs) to prevent spillage of adverse (not drains / ditches adverse potentially polluting substances, significant) near the including the following; construction Guidance for storing and handling compound materials and products; (county - PPG 2: Above ground oil storage
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showground) tanks. - PPG 6: Working at construction and demolition sites. - PPG 26: Safe storage - drums and intermediate bulk containers. Guidance for site drainage, dealing with sewage and trade effluents; - PPG 3: Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems. - PPG 4: Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available. - PPG 13: Vehicle washing and cleaning. Guidance on good environmental practice; - PPG 1: General guide to the prevention of water pollution. - PPG 5: Works and maintenance in or near watercourses. - PPG 21: Pollution incident response planning. - PPG 22: Incident response – dealing with spills.
Mitigation for the removal of the cable route during the decommissioning phase will use the appropriate measures as outlined in the Environment Agency Pollution Prevention Guidance (PPGs) to prevent Pollutant spillage of potentially polluting spillages (fuels, substances, including the oils, cements following; and bentonite) Guidance for storing and handling into the Towy, Negligible Moderate materials and products; Gwili, Nant adverse (not adverse - PPG 2: Above ground oil storage Pibwr, Nant tanks. significant) Crychiau post - PPG 6: Working at construction 2027 during the and demolition sites. decommissioning - PPG 26: Safe storage - drums phase and intermediate bulk containers. Guidance for site drainage, dealing with sewage and trade effluents; - PPG 3: Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems. - PPG 4: Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available.
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- PPG 13: Vehicle washing and cleaning. Guidance on good environmental practice; - PPG 1: General guide to the prevention of water pollution. - PPG 5: Works and maintenance in or near watercourses. - PPG 21: Pollution incident response planning. - PPG 22: Incident response – dealing with spills.
13.11 Cumulative effects
13.11.1 Chapter 19 outlines the policy, legislation and methodology for the assessment of cumulative effects. The assessment of cumulative effects includes potential cumulative effects of the Proposed Development together with other major development proposals and interaction effects within the Proposed Development (e.g. hydrology and ecology).
13.11.2 The below outlines the cumulative effects could potentially arise on environmental resources and receptors as the result of progression of the proposed scheme [in isolation] and [in combination with] other approved and/or committed developments in geographical proximity.
13.11.3 With reference to Figure 19.3 any Planning Applications in excess of 400m from the Proposed Development have been scoped out of the cumulative assessment. There will be no cumulative impacts between those projects and the Proposed Development as a result of this distance.
13.11.4 The following Planning Application IDs within 400m of the Proposed Development have been scoped out of the cumulative assessment as the applications either refer to a change of use application or very small scale development (e.g. one turbine): 41, 64, 68, 80, 112, 190-191, 193-194, 208, 217, 227, 244 and 270.
13.11.5 Changes of use will require no extra take up of land and as such will not alter
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surface water flows or present any significant sources of new pollutants. As such there will be no new interactions with the Proposed Development with regards to changes in hydrology, drainage or flood risks.
13.11.6 The following Planning Application IDs within 400m of the Proposed Development have been scoped out of the cumulative assessment as the applications are separated from the Proposed Development by physical structures or features (e.g. main roads and rivers): 16, 22, 25, 27, 29, 35, 57-58, 68, 91, 109-111, 117, 119, 123, 132, 137-138, 157, 165, 178, 186, 189, 196, 254 and 272.
13.11.7 The above Planning Applications are separated from the Proposed Development by a form of physical barrier or feature. The presence of a road or urban area will impede any changes to the hydrological environment on the side of the Proposed Development, and subsequently no cumulative impacts can result. Where rivers form a hydrological boundary between the Planning Applications and the Proposed Development, the result is both developments lie within a different watershed. Such circumstances will negate any cumulative impact that could arise from the developments.
13.11.8 The following Planning Application IDs lie within 400m of the Proposed Development are already built and are considered as part of the baseline environment: 15, 20, 26, 38, 101, 102, 163, 164, 172 and 210.
13.11.9 The following Planning Application IDs within 400m of the Proposed Development have had planning permission refused: 36 and 229.
13.11.10 The following Planning Application IDs have been scoped into the cumulative assessment and will be assess against the Proposed Development below: 92, 185, 192, 197, 238, 239, 242, 251, 260, 264, and 275.
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Table 13.7 – Assessed applications for cumulative assessment
Map ID Planning Summary of Assessment of Potential Cumulative (Map Application Planning Effects no.) Reference Application
The Proposed Development could have the potential to result in slight, negligibly significant, increase in surface water runoff and pollution in the local area. The Proposed Development in the area is Installation of a assessed to have a negligible adverse Microgeneration significance on the hydrology of the area. 264 W/28593 Wind Turbine – There are no surface water receptors in the (Full- Granted) proximity of the works and therefore there is no common linkage between the two projects and there would be no cumulative effects resulting from the developments that could affect the hydrology, drainage or flood risk in the area.
The Proposed Development could have the potential to result in slight, negligibly significant, increase in surface water runoff and pollution in the local area. The Proposed Development in the area is Microgeneration assessed to have a negligible adverse domestic wind significance on the hydrology of the area. 185 W/27205 turbine (Full – There are no surface water receptors in the Granted) proximity of the works and therefore there is no common linkage between the two projects and there would be no cumulative effects resulting from the developments that could affect the hydrology, drainage or flood risk in the area.
The proposed agricultural building development could have the potential to result in slight increase in surface water runoff and Proposed steel pollution in the local area. framed building – The closest receptors to the developments are (Prior Notification 239 W/29996 a low sensitivity watercourses and springs to of Agricultural or the north. Forestry Due to the small size of the development and Development) its location within a farm, the magnitude of the potential effects would be negligible Works on the Proposed Development in the
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Map ID Planning Summary of Assessment of Potential Cumulative (Map Application Planning Effects no.) Reference Application
area have been assessed to have a negligible adverse significance on the hydrology of the area. Overall any worst case cumulative effects caused by the two projects would be considered negligible adverse. No mitigation above what has been outlined in Section 13.9 would be required.
The proposed garage and office could have the potential to result in slight increase in surface water runoff and pollution in the local area. The closest receptors to the developments are low sensitivity drains to the east. Works on the Proposed Development in the Proposed garage area have been assessed to have a negligible 251 W/30540 and office (Full – adverse significance on the hydrology of the Pending) area. There are no surface water receptors in the proximity of the works and therefore there is no common linkage between the two projects and there would be no cumulative effects resulting from the developments that could affect the hydrology, drainage or flood risk in the area.
The Proposed Development will be designed to Code for Sustainable Homes this has the potential to result in only a negligible change in surface water runoff and pollution in the Variation of local area. condition no. 2 The closest receptor to the developments is on application the Nant Brechfa (low sensitivity watercourse). w/23579 to Due to the nature of the development being 197 W/27971 extend the given designed to Code for Sustainable Homes, the period for magnitude of the potential effects would be submission of negligible reserved matters Works on the Proposed Development in the area have been assessed to have a negligible adverse significance on the hydrology of the area. Overall any worst case cumulative effects
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Map ID Planning Summary of Assessment of Potential Cumulative (Map Application Planning Effects no.) Reference Application
caused by the two projects would be considered negligible adverse. No mitigation above what has been outlined in Section 13.9 would be required.
The proposed track could have the potential to result in negligible increase in surface water runoff and pollution in the local area. Among the closest receptors to the developments include the River Gwili (high sensitivity). Due to the nature of the development of the Proposed track - track, this will maintain an permeable nature (Prior Notification and the surrounding wooded environs, the 238 W/29929 of Agricultural or magnitude of the potential effects would be Forestry negligible Development) Works on the Proposed Development in the area have been assessed to have a moderate adverse significance on the hydrology of the area. The development of the track would not increase the overall significance of the effect of the works off the Proposed Development on the Gwili as outlined in section 13.6.
The development and small extension could have the potential to result in negligible increase in surface water runoff and pollution in the local area. Replacement of Among the closest receptors to the polytunnel used developments include the River Gwili (high for agricultural sensitivity). sheep housing Due to the nature of the development of the with steel frame track, this will maintain an permeable nature 242 W/30063 building for and the surrounding wooded environs, the sheep housing magnitude of the potential effects would be and as extension negligible to existing sheep Works on the Proposed Development in the store (Full – area have been assessed to have a moderate Pending) adverse significance on the hydrology of the area. The development of the track would not increase the overall significance of the effect
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Map ID Planning Summary of Assessment of Potential Cumulative (Map Application Planning Effects no.) Reference Application
of the works off the Proposed Development on the Gwili as outlined in section 13.6.
Refurbishment of approximately 54 The refurbishment of an existing line is kilometres of unlikely to cause any cumulative effects above 260 W/17938 existing 11kv what has already been outlined for the area wood pole within the assessment of impacts. overhead line (Approved)
Agricultural building - (Prior Due to the small development and its location Notification of within a densely wooded area, there will be no 192 W/27728 Agricultural or cumulative impacts resulting from the Forestry developments. Development)
Development Consent Order to construct and operate an onshore wind Pollution control measures to be applied farm- an during the construction phase of the wind farm electricity and during construction of the Proposed generating Development will result in negligible 275 N/A station- with an cumulative impacts from polluted and silt installed capacity laden runoff. The Proposed Development will of between 56 not increase the risk of flooding either alone or and 84 combined with the wind farm. megawatts together with associated works and development
Inter-Relationships
13.11.11 The potential for interaction between effects on the hydrology, drainage and flood risk and other aspects of the environment are identified in other technical chapters and also described here.
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Biodiversity and Hydrology
13.11.12 Possible inter-relationships could occur between the water environment and aquatic ecology and biodiversity.
13.11.13 Mobilised materials (suspended solids) could potentially produce adverse effects on aquatic ecology. In particular, suspended solids may have an effect on:
. the survival of fish eggs in gravel beds or spawning grounds as a result of deoxygenation caused by silt deposition;
. the survival of plants and algae by smothering;
. the survival of young fish and aquatic invertebrates such as dragonflies through gill damage from sediment particles;
. the success of angling owing to increased turbidity; and
. amenity value through impaired visual appearance.
13.11.14 Inter-relationships will occur between the hydrological and ground environment. The ground environment interacts with the hydrology principally through groundwater and the hydrogeological environment. The hydrology can also be affected through changes in soil drainage parameters, which has implications on flooding patterns; via sediment ingress or migration of contamination to surface water courses. Groundwater within permeable superficial and bedrock strata provides base flow of water to surface water courses and rivers on a local and regional scale. Contamination within groundwater has the potential to migrate to surface water. Similarly possible inter-relationships will also be present between surface water hydrology and hydrogeology.
13.12 Summary of effects
13.12.1 The assessment of the consequence of impact to hydrology, drainage and flood risk from the Proposed Development, inclusive of embedded mitigation measures, has been undertaken.
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13.12.2 The assessment has identified that the potential consequence of impact on hydrology, drainage and flood risk will be of a negligible or minor adverse impact following the inclusion of appropriate mitigation, no residual consequence of impact of moderate or above has been identified by this assessment. Therefore, long term adverse effects to hydrology, drainage and flood risk as a result of the Proposed Development are predicted not to occur.
13.13 References
Carmarthenshire County Council (2011). Strategic Flood Consequences Assessment – Stage One. Carmarthen: Carmarthenshire County Council
Carmarthenshire County Council (2011). Strategic Flood Consequences Assessment – Level 2 – Sites at Burry Port and Llanelli. Carmarthen: Carmarthenshire County Council
Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011). Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1).
Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011). National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5).
Environment Agency (2011). Above ground oil storage tanks: PPG 2. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2012). Pollution prevention guidance for working at construction and demolition sites: PPG 6. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2011). Safe operation of refuelling facilities: PPG 7. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2011). Drums and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs): PPG 26. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2006). Use and design of oil separators in surface water drainage systems: PPG 3. Bristol: Environment Agency.
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Environment Agency (2006). Treatment and disposal of sewage where no foul sewer is available: PPG 4. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2007). Vehicle washing and cleaning: PPG 13. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2001). General guide to the prevention of pollution: PPG 1. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2007). Works in near or liable to affect watercourses: PPG 5. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2009). Pollution incident response planning: PPG 21. Bristol: Environment Agency.
Environment Agency (2009). Western Wales River Basin Management Plan. Bristol Environment Agency
Natural England – SSSIs, available at: http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designations/sssi/default.aspx
Xodus. EIA Quality Mark Article- Impact Significance- A Risk Based Approach. IEMA, Date Unknown.
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Contents
14 Noise and Vibration 3
14.1 Introduction 3
14.2 Legislation and policy context 3
14.3 Consultation and scoping overview 10
14.4 Assessment methodology 14
14.5 Baseline conditions 18
14.6 Embedded mitigation 18
14.7 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase 19
14.8 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase 19
14.9 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase 19
14.10 Mitigation measures 19
14.11 Residual effects 21
14.12 Cumulative effects 21
14.13 Summary of effects 22
14.14 References 22
Tables
Table 14.1 BS5228 Eligibility for noise insulation
Table 14.2 Summary of consultation relating to Noise
Table 14.3 Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Table 14.4 Magnitude of impact
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Table 14.5 Significance of potential effects
Table 14.6 Summary of predicted impacts of the Brechfa Forest Connection Project
Figures
No Figures
Appendices
Appendix 14.1 Noise Supporting Information
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14 Noise and Vibration
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 This chapter identifies potential noise and vibration impacts resulting from the construction of the Proposed Development, with specific reference to works required to facilitate the laying of underground cables. Primarily this will include open cut trenching works and Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD).
14.1.2 This aim of this Chapter is to:
. Identify potential sources of noise and vibration as a result of the construction phase;
. Identify the closest noise sensitive receptors to the Proposed Development;
. Determine, through calculation, the likely noise levels resulting from different construction activities associated with the Proposed Development; and
. Outline mitigation measures for sensitive receptors identified as being significantly affected as part of the construction phase.
14.2 Legislation and policy context
14.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further policy discussion is contained within Chapter 7.
National Policy
National Policy Statements
14.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis
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for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
14.2.3 Part 5.11 of the NPS provides policy and guidance on the consideration of noise and vibration.
Noise and Vibration
14.2.4 Paragraph 5.11.4 presents the topics to be addressed within a noise assessment. It notes also that the noise assessment should be proportionate to likely the noise impacts. Paragraph 5.11.5 states that the assessment should also include the noise impact of ancillary activities associated with the development, including transportation.
14.2.5 The NPS states at paragraph 5.11.6 that operational noise, with respect to human receptors, should be assessed using the relevant British Standards and other guidance, similarly the relevant British Standards should be used for the consideration and management of construction noise.
14.2.6 With regard to the potential for noise to affect protected species and other wildlife, paragraph 5.11.7 recommends the applicant consult with the EA, (Natural Resources Wales).
14.2.7 The scope of this chapter has been informed both by the guidance contained within the NPS and through discussion with consultees.
14.2.8 In relation to decision making, the NPS at paragraph 5.11.9 states that development consent should not be granted unless the decision-maker can be satisfied that the proposal will meet the following aims:
. “avoid significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life from noise;
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. mitigate and minimise other adverse impacts on health and quality of life from noise; and
. where possible, contribute to improvements to health and quality of life through the effective management and control of noise.”
14.2.9 Paragraph 5.11.10 states that decision makers should consider measurable requirements or specify mitigation measures to ensure noise levels do not exceed any limits. Possible mitigation measures are identified in paragraphs 5.11.11 to 5.11.13.
14.2.10 The mitigation measures which are set out within this chapter are informed by the guidance provided within the NPS.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
14.2.11 The National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN-5 does provide technology-specific guidance in relation to the noise and vibration.
14.2.12 EN-5 reiterates that the applicant’s assessment should use the relevant British Standards, but states that whilst these are satisfactory for dry conditions, it states that they are not appropriate for assessing rain-induced noise. In paragraph 2.9.9 reference is made to the National Grid methodology described in TR(T)94, 1993, other methodologies may also be regarded as acceptable.
14.2.13 In paragraphs 2.9.10 and 2.9.11 the NPS states that decision-maker should ensure that relevant assessments have been used in the evidence presented and that appropriate mitigation options are considered and adopted. With mitigation in place it is noted that residual noise effects are unlikely to be significant although the decision-maker may still wish to include appropriate requirements to ensure that noise is minimised as far as possible.
14.2.14 Possible mitigation measures are set out within EN-5 paragraph 2.9.12. The requirement for the ES to include information on planned maintenance arrangements is set out within paragraph 2.9.13.
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14.2.15 This chapter references the relevant assessment methodologies and identifies mitigation, informed by the guidance contained within NPS EN-5. Information on planned maintenance arrangements is provided within Chapter 2.
Other Planning Policy
14.2.16 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
14.2.17 The Wales Spatial Plan sets out national cross-cutting national spatial priorities and identifies six sub-regions within Wales. Under the topic, ‘Valuing our Environment’ a number of environmental challenges are presented. The Proposed development sits at the eastern edge of the Pembroke – The Haven sub-region.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
14.2.18 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
PPW Chapter 13 Minimise and Managing Environmental Risks and Pollution
14.2.19 Paragraph 13.1.2 sets out the Welsh Government’s objectives under the chapter heading. These are to:
. “ maximise environmental protection for people, natural and cultural resources, property and infrastructure; and
. prevent or manage pollution and promote good environmental practice”
14.2.20 Sections 13.13 to 13.15 consider specifically noise and lighting pollution. Within
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these sections PPW notes that noise can affect people’s well-being and have a direct impact on wildlife and local amenity. It states that the aim of a policy for noise is to “minimise emissions and reduce ambient noise levels to an acceptable standard.”
14.2.21 In paragraph 13.15.2 it is recognised that special consideration is required where noise-generating development is likely to affect protected species or is proposed in or near statutorily designated areas. The effect on the enjoyment of areas of landscape, wildlife and historic value should also be taken into account by the decision-maker.
Technical Advice Notes 11:Noise (1997)
14.2.22 Technical Advice Note (TAN) 11 provides advice on how the planning system can be used to minimise the adverse impact of noise without placing unreasonable restrictions on development or adding unduly to the costs and administrative burdens of business. It outlines some of the main considerations which local planning authorities should take into account when drawing-up development plan policies and when determining planning applications for development which will either generate noise or be exposed to existing noise sources.
14.2.23 Paragraph 11 provides advice on the measures available to control the source of or limit exposure to noise.
14.2.24 Annex B provides advice on the assessment of noise from different sources. Transmission lines and infrastructure are not referenced although advice on the issue of construction noise is provided.
14.2.25 Policy guidance provided on the approach to assessments, the types of receptors potentially affected and the approach to mitigation contained within PPW and TAN 11 has been given due consideration within the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Local Policy
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14.2.26 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
14.2.27 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
14.2.28 The relevant policies are listed below:
. GDC 1 Sustainable Development;
. GDC2 Overall Development Policy;
. UT12 Pollution.
Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
14.2.29 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1 Sustainable Places and Spaces;
. GP1 Sustainability and High Quality Design;
. EP2 Pollution.
14.2.30 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in that it provides specific protection from potentially noisy activities (eg CUDP UT12 and eCLDP
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EP2). Consistent with national planning policy however, wider amenity considerations are also recognised (eg CUDP GDC 1 and 2, and eCLDP SP1 and GP1).
Policy Conclusions
14.2.31 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 and EN-5 provide policy and guidance on matters pertaining to noise and vibration and as such have informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters, these matter may include national and local planning policy. National and local planning policy has been reviewed and has also informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites. Noise
14.2.32 BS5228 provides a methodology and criteria for the assessment of noise from construction sites. Noise is assessed by calculating the change in ambient noise
level (LAeq,1hr) from construction and comparing this to threshold levels at residential receptors. Noise levels generated by construction activities are deemed to be significant if the total noise (pre-construction ambient plus construction noise) exceeds the pre-construction ambient noise by 5 dB or more, subject to the lower threshold values of 65, 55 and 45 dB(A) for each day, evening and night- time periods respectively.
14.2.33 In addition to the general construction assessment criteria, BS 5228 provides upper limits at which consideration should be given to noise insulation at affected premises. These limits are dependent on time of day and assessment period, see Table 14.1.
Table 14.1 – BS5228 Eligibility for noise insulation
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Day Time Averaging Time, T Noise Insulation Trigger Level, LAeq, T dB(A)
Monday to Friday 07:00-08:00 1 h 70 08:00-18:00 10 h 75 18:00-19:00 1 h 70 19:00-22:00 3 h 65 22:00-07:00 1 h 55
Saturday 0700-08:00 1 h 70 08:00-13:00 5 h 75 13:00-14:00 1 h 70 14:00-22:00 3 h 65 22:00-07:00 1 h 55
Sunday and public 07:00-21:00 1 h 65 holidays 21:00-07:00 1 h 55
14.2.34 The trigger levels apply for the following:
. Where the predicted noise level exceeds the noise insulation trigger level, or
. Where the total noise (pre-construction ambient plus construction) is 5dB(A) above the existing airborne noise level for corresponding times of day, whichever is the higher; and
. For a period of ten or more days of working in a period of fifteen consecutive days or for a total number of days exceeding 40 in any 6 month period.
BS 5228-2: 2009. Code of Practice for Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites - Part 2: Vibration
14.2.35 BS5228-2 provides guidance on the control of vibration from construction sites and response limits for cosmetic damage in buildings and levels of vibration that may cause complaint.
14.3 Consultation and scoping overview
Scoping Report
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14.3.1 The Scoping Report determined that the only likely significant impact from the works would be HDD sites within 500 m of noise sensitive receptors.
14.3.2 The central construction compound on part of the Carmarthen Showground would be approximately 120 metres away from the nearest residential receptor. At this distance a sound pressure level of 80 dB(A) at 10 metres from a noise source (considered conservative for a compound site) would result in a noise level of below 65 dB(A) at a residential receptor and therefore would not result in a significant impact in accordance with BS 5228. Two satellite construction compounds will likewise be situated at appropriate separation distances from residential receptors. The compound located in Brechfa Forest is approximately 800 metres from the nearest residence and the compound associated with the undergrounding section, as yet to be confirmed but likely to be north of Abergwili Road, will be at least 100 metres from the nearest residence. Therefore it was considered appropriate to scope out the noise assessment impacts associated with the operation of the construction compounds.
14.3.3 Traffic flows associated with the construction works are predicted to be minimal. Existing routes and farm or field entrances will be used wherever possible. Any assessment would assess a worst case hour of traffic and compare the result with the BS5228 threshold value of 65 dB(A) for daytime. Through initial calculations, it is predicted that there would need to be eight HGV movements per hour in order to breach the 65 dB(A) level based on the method for haul roads supplied within BS 5228. At this stage it is anticipated that a worst case weekly construction related traffic flow would be 152 HGV movements, which would result in an average of 3 HGV movements per hour and therefore significantly below the level required to breach BS 5228 noise thresholds for daytime. Therefore no further detailed assessment is included for construction traffic or the use of hauls roads. This was confirmed at a meeting held with CCC on 17.10.14 and is documented in Chapter 16.
14.3.4 The installation of the wooden poles would not require the use of notable, continuous noise sources. Accompanied with this, it is anticipated that noise
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would be temporary as the works pass individual receptors for a short duration being less than 10 days in any 15 day period. Therefore, noise would not result in a significant effect as assessed to the BS5228 standard. For these reasons the assessment of the overhead line construction works was scoped out of the assessment. This was agreed with the EHO at CCC in an email dated 16.10.14.
14.3.5 The only potential noise source identified following the construction phase is the operation of the new overhead lines. In certain conditions audible noise can be generated by electrical stress, the level of which is derived from a combination of factors, including the operating voltage, diameter of conductors and the number of conductors which are “bundled” together. Even with high voltage overhead lines, the noise produced dissipates within tens of metres from the source. The proposed Brechfa Forest Connection overhead line is significantly lower in voltage with smaller diameter lines than the overhead lines that would potentially be assessed using the National Grid methodology within Technical Report TR(T)94 (Oct, 1993) as referenced in the National Policy Statement for Electrical Networks Infrastructure (EN-5). The closest residential receptor is 70 m from the proposed overhead lines and therefore would be a negligible impact without the need for further detailed assessment. Therefore it was considered appropriate to scope out the noise assessment impacts associated with the operation of the Proposed Development.
14.3.6 At the scoping stage it was thought there would be no significant vibration sources in close proximity of receptors or vibration sensitive structures for the construction and operation of the project. Since the Scoping Report was submitted, a single roadside residence has been identified that could be as close as approximately 10 metres from trenching activities. There is the potential for vibration to be discernible from the vibratory roller during reinstatement at this location. To mitigate vibration from this activity, either a suitable alternative should be used within 20 metres of the residence or the roller should be limited to a size of 1-2 t (rating <50 kN). Further consideration of vibration at this location will be considered at the detailed design stage and when writing the CEMP.
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14.3.7 With the exception of the above property, all buildings are at separation distances of greater than 50 metres from construction works, and as such vibrations from plant items would not be discernible beyond this distance. Therefore it was considered appropriate to scope out any further vibration assessment impacts associated with the construction and operation of the Proposed Development.
Scoping Opinion
14.3.8 The Secretary of State agreed that the operational noise effects of the development could be scoped out of the assessment if further justification was presented within the ES. However, the Secretary of State requested further justification to demonstrate that other aspects of the construction would not have a significant adverse effect. It was stated that ‘this does not prevent the applicant from subsequently agreeing with the relevant consultees to scope matters out of the ES, where further evidence has been provided to justify this approach.’
Consultation
14.3.9 Further to the Scoping Opinion, WPD’s noise consultants sent a detailed consultation document to the Environmental Health Department at the Local Planning Authority (LPA) with justification for scoping construction noise aspects out of the noise assessment with the exception of undergrounding (HDD and trenching).
14.3.10 The LPA were satisfied with the approach proposed, but required further justification for scoping out the assessment of operational noise from overhead lines. In addition, the LPA highlighted the importance of receiving details regarding construction works, some of which will only be available once the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) has been completed after detailed design.
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Table 14.2 – Summary of consultation relating to Noise
Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where consultation comment phase/ type addressed
17/07/14 Scoping More justification required to demonstrate 14.3 significance; Operational effects to be scoped out; and 14.3 Consultation with LPA required. 14.3
30/09/14 LPA More justification required to scope out 14.3 Consultation overhead line noise; Use of BS 5228; 14.4 Further details for construction, including: Construction hours 14.4 Construction method Volume 2, App 14 Contactor contact details CEMP Mitigation measures 14.10 Monitoring plan CEMP Plant type, number, specification Volume 2, App 14 Compound distances 14.3
14.4 Assessment methodology
Summary
14.4.1 Predicted construction phase noise levels at receptor locations have been calculated using SoundPLAN noise modelling software (v7.3), incorporating prediction methodology described within BS5228. The model takes account of typical construction locations and surrounding noise sensitive receptors. Further detail of the modelling parameters is presented in Volume 3, Appendix 14.1.
14.4.2 Predicted noise levels have been assessed with reference to the threshold levels for works continuing for more than one month and trigger levels for noise insulation, as described in Section 14.2.
14.4.3 Noise monitoring has not been undertaken for the purpose of this assessment. No significant operational noise emissions are predicted and therefore it is not
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necessary to establish existing ambient or background noise levels at the closest sensitive receptors. The use of BS5228 for assessment of construction noise enables the use of conservative absolute threshold levels rather than a criterion based on 5 dB above pre-construction ambient noise (see 14.2).
14.4.4 The study area consists of a zone extending up to 500 m from the Proposed Development with noise predicted at the nearest noise sensitive receptor along the entirety of the route. Densely populated areas have been represented by a single receptor. A list of sensitive receptors is presented in Volume 3, Appendix 14.1.
Identification and assessment of impacts and mitigation measures
14.4.5 The following tables present the criteria for assessing sensitivity of receptors, magnitude of impact and the resultant significance of the effect of the impact on receptors. For the purposes of this assessment, all impacts discussed will be short-term direct impacts at a local level.
Table 14.3 – Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Receptor sensitivity/ Description importance
High Education, healthcare facility
Medium Residential
Low Amenity space, commercial
Negligible Industrial
Table 14.4 – Magnitude of impact
Receptor sensitivity/ Description importance
High Exceedance of noise insulation trigger levels (including temporal requirements)
Medium Exceedance of threshold values if more
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than 1 month
Low Exceedance of threshold values for less than 1 month
Negligible Temporary disturbance
Table 14.5 – Significance of potential effects
Sensitivity/ Importance
Magnitude High Medium Low Negligible
High Significant Significant Not Not Significant Significant
Medium Significant Not Not Not Significant Significant Significant
Low Not Not Not Not Significant Significant Significant Significant
Negligible Not Not Not Not Significant Significant Significant Significant
Uncertainty and technical difficulties encountered
14.4.6 At this stage, the exact details of the construction works are not known and therefore predictions have been based on a reasonable worst case scenario in terms of type of plant/ equipment, numbers of plant, locations of plant and duration of use. The details of assumptions are presented in Volume 3, Appendix 14.1.
Assessment Overview
14.4.7 At this stage, the specific construction methodology and timeframe for the project has not been defined. However, through experience of similar projects, and through consultation with WPD, the following methodology has been assumed.
14.4.8 The construction in simplistic terms will be split into three elements; overhead line, open cut trenching and HDD. The majority of the new connection will involve the installation of overhead lines. Open cut trenching will be undertaken predominantly
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between the village of Abergwili and the fields to the north. HDD is to be limited to the area around the River Towy.
14.4.9 Initial estimation suggests the entire construction phase (overhead lines and underground cables) will take up to 8 months with a further month for reinstatement.
14.4.10 Construction of the underground sections requiring boring (HDD) would typically take around 6 weeks for shorter HDD and up to 12 weeks for longer sections. Works involved around the open cut trenching are likely to take approximately 30 days for site set-up (fencing and deliveries), 45 days for excavation and ducting, 30 days for cable installation and 23 days for reinstatement. However, as the works are linear, there will be few periods of time (with the exception of HDD works), where construction plant is located at a static position for more than a week.
14.4.11 It is proposed that work will be undertaken during daytime periods only, Monday to Friday (07:00-19:00) and Saturday (07:00-13:00). There will be no noisy works undertaken on Sundays or Public Holidays. Where, exceptionally, work is required outside of standard working hours, this will be for short periods of time and not on a regular basis.
14.4.12 The following activities associated with installation of underground cables have been identified as notable in terms of noise:
. Site Clearance
. Topsoil Stripping
. Construction of Temporary Access Roads1
. Trench Excavation
. Trench Bedding
1 using a Terrafirma system with Durabase mats, or similar proprietary system
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. Pit Pumping
. Cable Pulling
. Cable Laying
. Earth Reinstatement
. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) and pumping of drilling fluids
14.4.13 The typical plant for each of the above activities is presented in Volume 3, Appendix 14.1. This also includes the assumed noise emission data for individual plant items and overall emission data for a given activity. A time correction has been applied to take account of typical operating durations over a standard shift, whether this is on an hourly, daily or weekly basis. Plant emission data is taken from data presented in BS5228. The data has been used within computational noise modelling software to predict the impacts at the closest sensitive receptors for each activity.
14.5 Baseline conditions
14.5.1 The Proposed Development is largely situated in a rural environment with few notable noise sources, with the exception of the A40 where the noise environment is likely to be dominated by road noise.
14.5.2 From experience of similar sites the existing noise environment along the Proposed Development is likely to consist of a combination of distant road traffic, light aircraft and agricultural noise.
14.6 Embedded mitigation
14.6.1 The avoidance of noise disturbance at receptor locations has been a consideration in the design of the Proposed Development, particularly with the positioning of the construction compounds. Noise considerations will be taken into account when formulating the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).
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14.7 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase
14.7.1 The noise associated with each construction activity (open cut trenching and HDD) has been predicted at each identified noise sensitive receptor. The detailed results of these predictions are presented in Volume 3, Appendix 14.1. Exceedances of the threshold value of 65 dB(A) are predicted at one residential receptor adjacent to the A485. Such an exceedance would be temporary as the undergrounding passes this location. It is predicted that noise would not exceed the noise insulation trigger level for 10 or more days in a 15 day period or the threshold value for more than one month. The resulting effect would therefore not be significant.
14.7.2 Noise from the works associated with upgrading the New Lodge substation at Burry Port would not be significant.
14.8 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase
14.8.1 As discussed in section 14.3, the effect of noise from the operation of the overhead lines and associated maintenance would be negligible.
14.9 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase
14.9.1 It is anticipated that removal of the underground and overhead lines would be of a similar level of noise to the construction phase with the exception that HDD works would not be required. Therefore the effect of noise from decommissioning works is considered to be not significant.
14.10 Mitigation measures
14.10.1 As discussed in section 14.3 either a suitable alternative to vibratory rollers should be used during reinstatement following cable trenching within 20 metres of the potentially affected residential property, or the roller should be limited to a size of 1-2 t (rating <50 kN). Vibration monitoring will also be undertaken at this location during works.
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14.10.2 While the effect of construction noise is not considered to be significant, the following noise control measures, which will be included within the CEMP, are recommended in order to minimise noise disturbance.
. To the extent practicable, complete works during standard construction hours. Where practical, organise for deliveries to be made during standard construction hours and carry out loading and unloading away from sensitive receivers. Construction timetabling to minimise noise impacts; this may include time and duration restrictions and respite periods, and should be considered after consultation with affected receivers.
. Notification of residents. Where outside of standard work hours is required or where HDD activities are being undertaken, provide, reasonably ahead of time, information such as total construction time, what works are expected to be noisy, their duration, what is being done to minimise noise and when respite periods will occur.
. Using quieter construction methods where required and where considered reasonable and feasible. Avoid rock hammering; where possible by using other excavation methods such as jaw crushers and, if unavoidable, use the smallest practical excavator/backhoe and hammer. Use rubber wheeled in preference to steel tracked equipment. Make sure all diesel equipment is fitted with appropriate mufflers (e.g. residential grade). Where acceptable from an occupational health and safety perspective, using quieter alternatives to reversing alarms (such as spotters, closed circuit television monitors and ‘smart’ reversing alarms), particularly during night time activities.
. Switch off equipment when not in use (including during breaks and down times of more than 30 minutes).
. Where reasonable and feasible, locate haulage routes as far away as possible from residential receivers. Truck movements would be restricted to identified haulage routes and the routes outlined in the Construction Traffic Management Plan.
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. Where possible, avoiding using noisy plant simultaneously and/or close together to avoid cumulative noise impacts.
. Orienting equipment and excavation work sites where possible to reduce noise emissions to sensitive receivers.
. Maintaining equipment in efficient working order.
. Establish a noise complaint handling procedure and respond quickly. Dealing promptly with all noise complaints received. Noise monitoring would be undertaken to check that the noise mitigation measures are effective. Where noise management levels are for indoor receivers, monitoring should be undertaken indoors (i.e. hotel room) in response to complaints. Construction methodologies may need to be altered to reduce noise impacts at the affected locations.
14.11 Residual effects
14.11.1 The predicted residual effect of noise from construction of the Proposed Development, following adoption of any recommended mitigation measures, is not significant.
14.12 Cumulative effects
14.12.1 This section considers planned projects within 500 m of the cable route which may have a cumulative effect with construction noise at noise sensitive receptor locations. A review of the planned developments within Chapter 19 has been undertaken. While it is possible that noise will be audible at specific receptors from both the Proposed Development and other planned developments simultaneously, it is considered the cumulative effect will not be significant. Construction noise from these developments will be intermittent and temporary and therefore will not add together at a receptor location to result in an exceedance of threshold values for more than one month or an exceedance of the noise insulation trigger values for more than 9 days in any 15 day period.
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14.12.2 There will be no significant interaction effects from noise in conjunction with other environmental aspects.
14.13 Summary of effects
14.13.1 A quantitative assessment has been undertaken for open cut trenching and HDD, considering aspects of the Proposed Development that could result in a significant impact. It is predicted that the works would not result in a significant impact. However, in order to minimise noise, mitigation measures have been recommended to be integrated into the CEMP for the works.
Table 14.6 – Summary of predicted impacts
Description of Impact Impact/ Effect Possible Residual effect Mitigation measures
Noise from Open Cut Low / Not CEMP Not significant Trenching Significant
Noise from HDD Low / Not CEMP Not significant Significant
14.14 References
A Method For Assessing The Community Response To Overhead Line Noise, Technical Report (TR(T)94). National Grid, 1993
BS 7445: 2003 - Description and measurement of environmental noise - guide to quantities and procedures, 2003
BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites. Noise, 2009
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1), 2011
Overarching National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5), 2011
Technical Advice Note 11: Noise (TAN 11), 1997
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Contents
15 Air Quality 3
15.1 Introduction 3
15.2 Legislation and policy context 4
15.3 Consultation and scoping overview 9
15.4 Scope and Assessment methodology 11
15.5 Environmental assessment: construction phase 15
15.6 Environmental assessment: operational phase 17
15.7 Assessment of impacts: decommissioning phase 18
15.8 Further Mitigation measures: construction and decommissioning phases 18
15.9 Residual effects: construction and decommissioning phases 18
15.10 Cumulative effects 18
15.11 Inter-relationships 19
15.12 Summary of effects 20
15.13 References 20
Tables
Table 15.1 Summary of consultation relating to Air Quality
Table 15.2 Summary of the risk of dust impacts for the construction phase for the Proposed Development
Figures
Figure 15.1 1 km2 grid sections for pollutant background concentrations
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Appendices
Appendix 15.1 Air Quality Assessment
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15 Air Quality
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 This chapter of the draft Environmental Statement (ES) assesses the potentially significant effects on air quality that may occur during the construction phase, primarily from open cut trenching works and Horizontal Directional Drilling (Proposed Development).
15.1.2 A description of the Proposed Development is provided in Chapter 2 – Proposed Development and illustrated in Volume 2, Figure 1.1. This chapter is supported by a number of figures and appendices provided after the main text of this chapter in Volume 2.
15.1.3 The Proposed Development will not adversely affect air quality during its operational phase, as it would not cause significant emissions. Air quality impacts during the operation of the development are not assessed as part of this draft ES as they have been scoped out, as established during the scoping exercise.
15.1.4 Decommissioning of the Proposed Development is likely to have similar or lower effects on air quality to those identified for the construction phase, therefore decommissioning phase effects are not assessed separately.
15.1.5 The objectives of this chapter are to:
. Identify potential sources of dust as a result of the construction related activities;
. Identify the closest sensitive receptors to the Proposed Development;
. Assess the potential dust impacts of the construction activities associated with the Proposed Development; and
. Outline mitigation measures and identify residual effects.
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15.2 Legislation and policy context
15.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further discussion on policy is provided within Chapter 3 National Policy.
National Policy Statements
15.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
15.2.3 Part 5.2 of the NPS provides policy and guidance on air quality.
Air Quality
15.2.4 In paragraph 5.2.2 of the NPS it is stated that the consideration of emissions to air
within an ES should include for an assessment of CO2 emissions. This chapter considers whether such an assessment should be scoped into the assessment.
15.2.5 Where a project is likely to have adverse effects on air quality the applicant is advised to undertake an assessment. The matters to be described in the assessment are listed in paragraph 5.2.7. The ES should describe:
. significant air emissions, mitigation and residual effects;
. predicted absolute emission levels after mitigation;
. existing air quality levels and the relative change; and
. any potential eutrophication impacts.
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15.2.6 Paragraph 5.2.9 states that the decision-maker should generally give air quality considerations substantial weight where a project would lead to deterioration in air quality in an area or lead to a new area where air quality breaches any national air quality limits. Substantial changes which do not breach national limits will also be important for consideration.
15.2.7 In relation to mitigation measures needed for both operational and construction emissions, paragraph 5.2.11 states that decision makers should consider codification within a construction management plan. Reference is also made to mitigation measures identified in Section 5.13 on traffic and transport impacts.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
15.2.8 The National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN-5 does not provide technology-specific guidance in relation to air quality.
15.2.9 The policy guidance contained within NPS EN-1 has been taken into consideration when scoping the assessment of air quality effects arising from the Proposed Development. Mitigation measures have also been informed by the guidance contained within the document.
Other Planning Policy
15.2.10 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
15.2.11 The Wales Spatial Plan identifies six sub-regions within Wales. The Proposed Development sits at the eastern edge of the ‘Pembroke – The Haven’ sub-region. The policy advice contained within the Plan has been taken into consideration in the preparation of this chapter.
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Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
15.2.12 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
PPW Chapter 13 Minimising and Managing Environmental Risks and Pollution
15.2.13 Paragraph 13.1.2 sets out the Welsh Government’s objectives to :
. “maximise environmental protection for people, natural and cultural resources, property and infrastructure; and
. prevent or manage pollution and promote good environmental practice”.
15.2.14 Sections 13.10 to 13.12 consider specifically improvements to the quality of water and air. Section 13.10 advises that the planning system should determine whether a development is an acceptable use of land and should control development in the proximity to potential sources of pollution rather than seeking to control the processes or substance in particular development.
15.2.15 Section 13.11 provides guidance on how development plans should address the issue of environmental protection whilst Section 13.12 provides advice to local planning authorities when considering applications for development. At paragraph 13.12.1, it is stated that the potential for pollution affecting the use of land will be a material consideration and it sets out what these considerations are likely to include. Considered to be of potential relevance to the proposed development are:
. “location, taking into account such considerations as the reasons for selecting the chosen site itself;
. impact on health and amenity;
. the risk and impact of potential pollution from the development, insofar as this might have an effect on the use of other land and the surrounding
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environment;
. prevention of nuisance; and
. impact on the road and other transport networks, and in particular on traffic generation.”
15.2.16 PPW at paragraph 13.12.3 advises that planning conditions or obligations to protect the environment may be used but these should not overlap with controls provided through other legislation.
15.2.17 Guidance provided by national planning policy has informed the preparation of this chapter.
Local Policy
15.2.18 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
15.2.19 The Proposed Development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies that are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Chapter 7 of this draft ES.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
15.2.20 The relevant policies are listed below:
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. GDC1 Sustainable Development
. GDC2 Overall Development Policy
. UT12 Pollution
. Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan; Composite Plan (October 2013)
. The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1 Sustainable Places and Spaces
. GP1 Sustainability and High Quality Design
. EP2 Pollution
15.2.21 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in that it provides specific protection of air quality (e.g. CUDP UT12 and eCLDP EP2). Consistent with national planning policy however, the wider amenity considerations are also recognised (e.g. CUDP GDC 1, GDC 2 and eCLDP SP1 and GP1).
Policy Conclusions
15.2.22 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 provides policy and guidance on matters pertaining to the topic of air quality and as such has informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters; these matters may include national and local planning policy. National and local planning policy has been reviewed and has also informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Guidance Documents
15.2.23 The following recognised guidance documents have been used in the assessment of air quality effects of the Proposed Development:
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. The Institute of Air Quality Management’s (IAQM) (2014) ‘Guidance on the Assessment of dust from demolition and construction’; and
. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)’s Technical Guidance on Local Air Quality Management LAQM.TG(09).
Dust Guidance
15.2.24 Enforcement action to control dust annoyance can be taken under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. However, there are no statutory limits for dust deposition/ soiling, and a number of different criteria and monitoring methods have been developed to assess whether or not complaints are likely.
15.2.25 In February 2014 the Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) published guidance on the assessment of the effect of construction projects on local air quality. The approach is to classify sites according to the risk of effects and to identify mitigation appropriate to the risk.
15.3 Consultation and scoping overview
Scoping Report
15.3.1 It is anticipated that the construction activities of the project will not result in significant dust emissions for the majority of the route, as wooden poles are to be installed for the overhead line connection. However, there are locations where underground cables are to be installed.
15.3.2 The Scoping Report (July 2014) determined that the only potential for a likely significant impact from the Proposed Development would be the underground sections within 350 m of sensitive receptors.
15.3.3 The central construction compound is strategically situated away from sensitive receptors, accessed directly from the A40. The satellite construction compound proposed within Brechfa Forest is situated at suitable separation distances from sensitive receptors, and therefore is unlikely to result in a significant impact.
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Therefore it was considered appropriate to scope out the dust assessment impacts associated with the operation of the construction compounds. The second satellite construction compound will be associated with the undergrounding section, but has not been confirmed, although it would also be situated at a distance from sensitive receptors.
15.3.4 No activities with the potential to significantly affect air quality are anticipated to take place during the operation of the project, and as such, no further assessment of effects on air quality during the operational phase is proposed.
Scoping Opinion
15.3.5 The Secretary of State agreed that the air quality impacts during the operational phase of the development could be scoped out of the assessment. However, the Secretary of State requested further justification to demonstrate that aspects of the construction would not have the potential to lead to a significant adverse effect. It was stated that ‘this does not prevent the applicant from subsequently agreeing with the relevant consultees to scope matters out of the ES, where further evidence has been provided to justify this approach.’
Consultation
15.3.6 Further to the Scoping Opinion, WPD’s air quality consultant sent a detailed consultation document to the Environmental Health Department at CCC with justification for scoping construction dust aspects out of the air quality assessment with the exception of undergrounding (horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and trenching).
15.3.7 The LPA confirmed that the proposed scope for air quality assessment is acceptable.
15.3.8 Comments received during the consultation are detailed in Table 15.1 below and these have been taken into account in this assessment.
Table 15.1 – Summary of consultation relating to Air Quality
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Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where consultation comment phase/type addressed
July 2014 EIA Operational effects to be scoped out Throughout the Scoping Report – chapter and air Chapter 10 Consultation with LPA required to finalise the quality technical scope appendix
30/09/14 LPA Scoping construction dust aspects out of the Throughout the Consultation air quality assessment with the exception of chapter and air undergrounding (HDD and trenching) quality technical appendix
EHO required inclusion of road Included in cleaning/sweeping where access to and from mitigation farmland is required measures as detailed in Section 5 of Appendix 15.1
17/10/14 Meeting Agreed that air quality impacts from Section 1.5.10 with LPA construction traffic can be scoped out and 1.5.11
15.4 Scope and Assessment methodology
15.4.1 A qualitative air quality impact assessment has been carried out with reference to the Institute of Air Quality Management’s (IAQM) (2014) Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction.
15.4.2 A desk-based air quality impact assessment has been undertaken to determine the potential air quality effects on sensitive receptors arising from the construction of the Proposed Development.
15.4.3 The air quality effects at relevant receptors were assessed against the guidelines identified in this report and appropriate mitigation measures recommended.
15.4.4 Fugitive emissions were assessed based on the Limit of Deviation for the Proposed Development, to include all potential dust generating activities such as access routes and all stripping and storage of soils and materials. It is recognised that this is likely to present a conservative assessment of impacts.
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Study Area
15.4.5 The study area for the construction dust assessment has been derived according to the IAQM guidance and has been identified as an area around the open cut trenching works and HDD section.
15.4.6 Some upgrading works in connection to the Proposed Development is planned at New Lodge substation, Burry Port. The works would include installation of circuit breakers, new overhead spans and limited underground cabling work covering a short stretch in a short duration of time.
15.4.7 As this location is in a rural setting and potential for dust generation is minimal, significant air quality impacts are not anticipated. Hence the upgrade works at Burry Port are not included in this assessment.
15.4.8 Existing or baseline air quality refers to the concentrations of relevant substances that are already present in ambient air. These substances are emitted by various sources, including road traffic, industrial, domestic, agricultural and natural sources. Baseline air quality is discussed in the Section 2 of Appendix 15.1.
15.4.9 Baseline air quality data have been obtained from diffusion tube monitoring locations maintained by CCC, and from the LAQM website operated by DEFRA.
15.4.10 Baseline air quality can be considered to be the ‘do nothing’ scenario.
Assessment criteria and assessment of significance
15.4.11 An assessment has been made of the significance of effect, taking into account the sensitivity of the receptor, the magnitude of impact, the duration of the impact and the likelihood of the impact occurring. The criteria that have been used to make judgements on these matters are presented in Appendix 15.1.
Construction dust assessment methodology
15.4.12 The IAQM guidance has been followed to identify the sensitivity of the study area. For the Proposed Development 20m, 50m, 100m and 350m ‘buffer’ areas for
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potential receptors and ecological sites have been identified. The estimated annual average baseline pollutant concentrations within the study area are shown in Table 3 of Appendix 15.1 Air Quality Assessment.
15.4.13 No demolition is proposed as part the development. Hence it is not included in the assessment.
15.4.14 The risk of dust impacts for each activity (earthworks, construction, and track-out) is identified for the Proposed Development after accounting for embedded mitigation, based on the sensitivity of the area and dust emission magnitude. The level of mitigation recommended for each activity is then determined, and this is commensurate with the identified risk (High, Medium, or Low risk). Mitigation is recommended for all these three risk categories as per the IAQM guidance. ‘Negligible’ is also a defined risk category, but mitigation is not required for this risk category.
15.4.15 With the recommended IAQM guidance mitigation in place (applied), the construction dust impacts will be deemed to be ‘not significant’ with ‘negligible’ residual effects.
15.4.16 The full construction dust assessment methodology is presented in Appendix 15.1.
Uncertainties and technical difficulties encountered
15.4.17 Uncertainties exist in the identification of receptors, for example, the number of receptors identified is based on address base data (identified by interrogating a GIS linked address database including the National Land and Property Gazetteer (NLPG), Ordnance Survey’s OS MasterMap Address Layer and the Royal Mail Postcode Address File (PAF)), which is assumed to be up-to-date and correct.
15.4.18 In the absence of local monitoring data, uncertainties exist in the application to the linear works characterising the Proposed Development of the estimated LAQM background air quality pollutant concentrations that cover 1km2 grid squares, which are used to identity air quality in the Study Area.
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15.4.19 Sensitive receptors considered in the assessment included footpaths/ Public Rights of Way and caravan parks, however, due to difficulties in accurately identifying the number of such receptors, a conservative approach has been taken by recommending mitigation measures appropriate to the highest risk category.
Existing environment
15.4.20 The Proposed Development does not pass through or near to any Air Quality Management Area (AQMA). Existing air quality has been summarised in Section 2 of Appendix 15.1.
15.4.21 In the absence of appropriate measured air quality data along the Proposed Development, estimated background data published by the DEFRA LAQM Support website have been used. Estimates of background concentrations of pollutants relevant to local authority air quality review and assessment (oxides of 2 nitrogen (NOx), NO2 and PM10) are provided at a 1km grid resolution.
2 15.4.22 The undergrounding works for the Proposed Development cross nine of the 1km grid sections. The estimated pollutant background concentrations in 2014 for the 1km2 grid squares are shown in Table 3 in Appendix 15.1 and the grids are shown in Figure 15.1. There are no predicted exceedances of any air quality objective
designated for the protection of human health, with all concentrations of PM10 and
NO2 being well below the objectives.
Embedded mitigation
15.4.23 Mitigation measures that were identified and adopted as part of the evolution of the project design (embedded into the project design) and that are relevant to air quality are detailed below:
. The Proposed Development has been designed to avoid close proximity to residential dwellings and areas of sensitivity, as far as is possible.
. Ongoing consultation with stakeholders will continue to address any areas of concern.
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. Cumulative impacts have been considered and avoided, as far as possible.
. Consideration regarding the location of temporary construction areas to minimise the use of minor roads.
. The CEMP will detail a stakeholder communications plan that includes community engagement before work commences on site.
. During works the name and contact details of people accountable for air quality and dust issues will be displayed on the site boundary. This may be the environment manager/ engineer or the site manager.
. Display the head or regional office contact information
. Implementation of a Traffic Management Plan to secure appropriate routing of HGV accessing the Proposed Development.
15.4.24 The construction dust assessment has been undertaken for the Proposed Development by accounting for the embedded mitigation discussed above.
15.5 Environmental assessment: construction phase
15.5.1 Construction activities associated with the Proposed Development may give rise to dust emissions, although these will likely be temporary in nature and restricted to areas close to construction activity.
15.5.2 Section 5.1 in Appendix 15.1 provides the construction phase assessment.
Summary of the Risk of Impacts for Construction Phase
15.5.3 Looking at the defined sensitivity of each study area along with the determined dust emissions magnitude for each construction activity, the risk of dust impacts can be defined for the Proposed Development. These are shown in Table 15.2.
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Table 15.2 Summary of the risk of dust impacts for the construction phase for the Proposed Development
Potential Impact Earthworks1 Construction2 Track-out3
Dust Soiling Medium Low Medium
Human Health Low Negligible Low
Ecological High Low High
15.5.4 The risk of dust impacts shows that the highest risk category for the Proposed Development is ‘High Risk’ for Earthworks and Track-out, with a ‘Low Risk’ for Construction.
15.5.5 The dust risk categories determined for the Proposed Development have been used to define the appropriate, site specific mitigation measures to be adopted.
15.5.6 Nevertheless, it is recognised that the above assessment has been extremely precautionary and that given a more detailed appraisal of site-specific conditions and characteristics of the Proposed Development it can be concluded that the risk of dust impacts would be far less, for the following reasons:
. In situ soil conditions are expected to be wet/ moist such that there would be a low probability of dust formation due to earthworks (e.g. trenching);
. Actual area of the site being actively worked at any one time would place the earthworks site in the ‘small’ site category rather than the ‘large’ site category and hence would entail a lesser risk of dust arising;
. The very small number of site vehicles and equipment in use at any one time;
. Despite the nearby presence of the River Towy, which is classed as a highly sensitive receptor (as it is a SAC and SSSI), this ecological receptor is not considered to be sensitive to dust impacts as the water flow would dilute and
1 Covers the processes of soil-stripping, excavation and landscaping 2 Any activity involved with the provision of a new structure 3 The transport of dust and dirt from the construction site onto the public road network
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quickly remove any dust deposition.
15.5.7 Mitigation measures deemed appropriate for sites with a ‘high risk’ have been recommended as a precautionary assumption, and are outlined in Section 5 of Appendix 15.1.
15.5.8 With the recommended mitigation in place, the construction impacts are considered to be ‘not significant’ with ‘negligible’ residual effects.
Construction traffic: air quality impacts
15.5.9 The road traffic predicted to be generated by the construction phase of the Proposed Development is considered to be not significant. Hence it has been agreed with CCC that traffic impacts during the construction phase can be scoped from the assessment.
Construction plant equipment: air quality impacts
15.5.10 The operation of vehicles and equipment powered by internal combustion engines results in the emission of exhaust gases containing the pollutants nitrogen oxides
(NOx), particulates (PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). The quantities emitted depend on factors such as engine type, service history, pattern of usage and fuel composition.
15.5.11 The operation of site equipment, vehicles and machinery can also result in emissions to atmosphere of exhaust gases. However, emissions from the construction plant equipment are not considered to be significant when compared to the existing emissions including those emitted from the traffic on the existing road network.
15.6 Environmental assessment: operational phase
15.6.1 It is considered that there will be no significant air emissions (NO2, PM10 and CO2) arising from the operational phase of the Proposed Development, and as agreed during the scoping stage, this has not been assessed.
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15.7 Assessment of impacts: decommissioning phase
15.7.1 Decommissioning of the Proposed Development is likely to have similar or lower effects on air quality to those identified for the construction phase, therefore decommissioning phase impact are not assessed separately.
15.8 Further Mitigation measures: construction and decommissioning phases
15.8.1 The dust risk categories determined for the Proposed Development, have been used to define the appropriate, site specific mitigation measures to be adopted.
15.8.2 The method of assigning mitigation measures as detailed in the IAQM guidance has been used.
15.8.3 Site-specific mitigation measures are divided into general measures, applicable to all site activities and measures specific to earthworks, construction and track-out.
15.8.4 For those mitigation measures that are general, the highest risk (‘High’ as identified in Table 15.2 above) has been applied. Furthermore, additional mitigation measures have been identified for earthworks, construction and track- out depending on their respective risk of dust impacts.
15.8.5 Appropriate and site specific mitigation measures are outlined in Section 5 of Appendix 15.1. These are the further mitigation measures in addition to the embedded mitigation measures discussed in Section 15.4.23.
15.9 Residual effects: construction and decommissioning phases
15.9.1 With the recommended mitigation in place, the construction impacts are considered to be ‘not significant’ with ‘negligible’ residual effects.
15.10 Cumulative effects
15.10.1 Cumulative effects are effects that could arise as the result of more than one development at the same time. This assessment considers any other reasonably
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foreseeable projects / proposals in the vicinity (within 1km) that could result in an additional impact with the Proposed Development.
15.10.2 Full details of the approach to cumulative assessment are provided within Chapter 19 entitled “Cumulative and Inter-relationships Impact Assessment for the Proposed Development” which should be read with this chapter.
15.10.3 Based on the construction dust assessment and the associated mitigation measures identified in Appendix 15.1, the Proposed Development is not expected to result in any significant impacts on local air quality.
15.10.4 No significant impacts, including eutrophication impacts, are expected; existing air quality levels are unlikely to change significantly; and no significant climate change effects are anticipated. Due to separation distances between the work sites of the Proposed Development and other proposed projects, interaction of pollutants released during the construction works is considered unlikely. In addition, as the construction activities of other proposed projects are not expected to all take place at the same time as the Proposed Development, the cumulative effects in relation to air quality are not anticipated to be of greater significance than those predicted for the Proposed Development in isolation, and as such are not significant.
15.11 Inter-relationships
15.11.1 The potential for inter-relationship effects to arise has been primarily considered in relation to ecology, traffic & transport, noise, socio-economics, tourism and recreation, and has included consideration of a range of direct and indirect impacts such as:
. Indirect impact of earthworks, construction and track-out on sensitive ecological receptors (the River Towy SAC).
. Direct impact on health arising from dust soiling and health effects of PM10 during construction on residential receptors and other sensitive receptors (e.g. caravan parks, footpaths, and public rights of way within 100m of the Limit of
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Deviation).
15.11.2 Mitigation controls and procedures will ensure that significant effects do not arise. There are no potential interactions that would be of greater significance than the individual impacts in isolation.
15.11.3 Chapter 19 should be referred to for a summary of all potential inter-related effects associated with the Proposed Development.
15.12 Summary of effects
15.12.1 Construction phase fugitive emissions are considered likely to be not significant with the application of effective mitigation, and will be temporary to the construction phase.
15.12.2 With the implementation of recommended mitigation measures, the Proposed Development is expected to result in no significant air quality impacts on local air quality.
15.12.3 Due to insignificant residual effects on local air quality during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the Proposed Development, it is concluded that:
. No significant impacts, including eutrophication impacts, are anticipated;
. Existing air quality levels are unlikely to change significantly; and
. No significant climate change effects are anticipated.
15.13 References
Carmarthenshire County Council (2013). LAQM Progress Report, June 2013. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2007). The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Volume 1), London: The Stationary Office.
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Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2007). The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (Volume 2), London: The Stationary Office. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2009). Part IV of the Environment Act 1995: Local Air Quality Management: Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09), London: Crown. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2014). Air Quality Management Areas, Online, available at: http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/ Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2014). Background Maps, Online, available at: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/maps Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) (2014). Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction. Available at: http://www.iaqm.co.uk/text/guidance/construction-dust-2014.pdf
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Contents
16 Traffic and Transport 4
16.1 Introduction 4
16.2 Legislation and policy context 5
16.3 Consultation 10
16.4 Assessment methodology 15
16.5 Baseline conditions 15
16.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase 24
16.7 Traffic Generation Methodology 24
16.8 Traffic Distribution 48
16.9 Traffic Generation Summary 49
16.10 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase 56
16.11 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase 57
16.12 Mitigation measures 58
16.13 Residual effects 58
16.14 Cumulative effects 58
16.15 Summary of effects 59
16.16 References 59
Tables
Table 16.1 Summary of consultation relating to Traffic and Transportation
Table 16.2 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated With the Mobilisation Phase of Proposed Development
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Table 16.3 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated With the Line Survey at the Main Compound (Carmarthen)
Table 16.4 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated With the Tree Cutting Phase of Development at the Main Compound
Table 16.5 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated With the Removal of Trees in Brechfa Forest
Table 16.6 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated with the OHL Access/ Fencing/ Watercourse Works at the Main Compound
Table 16.7 Proposed Two Way Traffic Movements Associated with Material Deliveries at the Main Construction Compound
Table 16.8 Total Proposed Two-Way (LV and HGV) Traffic Generation
Table 16.9 Total Proposed Two Way HGV Traffic Generation
Figures
Figure 16.1 Construction Access Routes and Locations
Figure 16.2 Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.3 Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.4 Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.5 HGV Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.6 HGV Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.7 HGV Traffic Flows on the Assessed Highway Network
Figure 16.9 Traffic Impact Locations
Figure 16.10 Traffic Impact Locations
Figure 16.11 Traffic Impact Locations
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Appendices
Appendix 16.1 Email from CCC Regards EIA Scoping
Appendix 16.2 Construction Programme
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16 Traffic and Transport
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 This chapter has been prepared to set out the initial traffic generating characteristics of the proposed Brechfa Forest Connection. The main effects arising from the proposed development are associated with the construction phase and the routeing of the following vehicles to/from the site:
. Light Vehicles (LV’s) – vehicles under 3.5t gross weight (3.5t)
. Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) - vehicles 3.5t gross weight (>3.5t); and
. Abnormal Loads - vehicles longer than 18.75 and/or wider than 3m.
16.1.2 WPD is submitting an application for a development consent order (DCO) to the Secretary of State to develop a new grid connection in Carmarthenshire, Wales. The new grid connection would connect the Brechfa West wind farm in Brechfa Forest, Carmarthenshire to an existing overhead line near Llandyfaelog. This will require approximately 30 km of 132kV overhead line supported by Trident type wood poles.
16.1.3 Detailed consultation has been undertaken (set out in further detail below) with Carmarthenshire County Council (CCC) and the South Wales Trunk Road Agency (SWTRA) regarding the potential impact on the roads in the local area.
16.1.4 Details regarding development traffic and base traffic levels for the highways affected by the project have been provided to consultees and subsequent advise received is that no detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the traffic and transport implications of the project during the construction, operational or decommissioning phases is required.
16.1.5 As such the focus of this chapter is to set out the following;
. A description of the local highway network;
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. Current transport policy framework;
. Detailed information on the consultation;
. Details of the traffic generation/distribution of the proposed development; and
. Details of the potential impact on the local and strategic highways network and mitigation.
16.1.6 This chapter of the draft ES provides the narrative and the detailed calculations that have informed the consultation agreement with the stakeholders.
16.2 Legislation and policy context
16.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further discussion on policy is provided within Chapter 7.
National Policy
National Policy Statements
16.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision- maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
16.2.3 Part 5.13 of the NPS provides policy and guidance relating to traffic and transportation. Traffic and Transport
16.2.4 The NPS states that if a project is likely to have a significant transport effect, the applicant should include a transport assessment using methodology stipulated in
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the Department of Transport guidance or any following methodology and the applicant should consult the Highways Agency and the Highways Authority. Furthermore, where appropriate, the applicant should prepare a travel plan to mitigate transport impacts and provide details of proposed measures to improve access by public transport, walking and cycling to reduce parking and mitigate transport impacts
16.2.5 The NPS states that the decision-maker should ensure that the applicant has sought to mitigate the potential substantial impacts on the surrounding transport infrastructure that may arise from an NSIP, both during operation and construction.
16.2.6 The NPS considers water borne and rail transport to be preferred over road transport at all stages. Paragraph 5.13.11 highlights that decision makers may attach requirements to a consent where there is likely to be a substantial HGV traffic.
16.2.7 This chapter of the draft ES has been prepared with regard to consultation undertaken with the Highway’s Agency (South Wales Trunk Road Agency (SWRTA)) and Highway’s Authority (Carmarthenshire County Council). The requirement to produce a travel plan is considered to not be relevant given the nature of the development proposed, however a Traffic Management Plan will be prepared.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
16.2.8 The National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN-5 does not provide technology-specific guidance in relation to traffic and transport.
Other Planning Policy
16.2.9 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
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Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
16.2.10 The Wales Spatial Plan identifies six sub-regions within Wales. The Proposed Development sits at the eastern edge of the ‘Pembroke – The Haven’ sub-region. The policy advice contained within the Plan has been taken into consideration in the preparation of this chapter.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
16.2.11 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
PPW Chapter 8 Transport
16.2.12 Section 8.7 provides policy advice for the consideration of transportation within r development management. Paragraph 8.7.1 states that when determining planning application for development that has transport implications, the local planning authorities should take into account:
. “the impacts of the proposed development on travel demand;
. the level and nature of public transport provision;
. accessibility by a range of different transport modes;
. the willingness of a developer to promote travel by public transport, walking or cycling, or to provide infrastructure or measures to manage traffic, to overcome transport objections to the proposed development (payment for such measures will not, however, justify granting planning permission to a development for which it would not otherwise be granted);
. the environmental impact of both transport infrastructure and the traffic generated15 (with a particular emphasis on minimising the causes of climate change associated with transport); and
. the effects on the safety and convenience of other users of the transport
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network.”
16.2.13 The assessment of traffic and transport contained within this chapter has identified the anticipated vehicle movements associated with the Proposed Development.
16.2.14 Technical Advice Notes 18:Transport (2007)
16.2.15 TAN 18 describes how to integrate land use and transport planning. It explains how transport impacts should be assessed and mitigated. It provides advice on:
. integration between land use planning and transport . location of development . parking . design of development . walking and cycling . public transport . planning for transport infrastructure . assessing impacts and managing implementation.
16.2.16 The approach to the assessment of impacts set out within TAN 8 has influenced the scope and approach taken and reported within this chapter.
Local and Regional Policy
16.2.17 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
16.2.18 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant
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policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies which are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Chapter 7 of this draft ES.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
16.2.19 The relevant policies are listed below:
. CUDP 2- Transport Policy
. GDC1 – Sustainable Development
. GDC2 Overall Development Policy
. GDC 11- Access and Parking Facilities
. GDC 12- Generation of Traffic
. T1- Location of New Development
. T2- Major Development
. T3- Highway Considerations of Development
Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
16.2.20 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1- Sustainable Places and Spaces
. SP2- Climate Change
. SP9- Transportation
. SP17- Infrastructure
. GP1- Sustainability and High Quality Design
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. TR1- Primary and Core Road Networks
. TR2- Location of Development- Transport Considerations
. TR3- Highways in Development- Design Considerations
16.2.21 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy in the traffic effects arising from new development should be considered and assessed (eg CUDP 2 and eCLDP SP9). Policy guidance on the approach to be taken to the consideration of development effects upon the primary road network is also provided (eg eCLDP TR1).
South West Wales Integrated Transport Consortium (SWWITCH) Regional Transport Plan
16.2.22 This document contains seven objectives; of potential relevance is Objective 6 which seeks to implement measures to improve the negative impact of transport across the region on the natural and built environment and to improve safety. It specifies that such measures should be monitored through the provision of an Environmental Impact Assessment.
Policy Conclusions
16.2.23 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 provides policy and guidance on matters pertaining to traffic and transport as such has informed the scope of this chapter and the approach to consultation with key consultees. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters, these matters may include national and local planning policy. National and local planning policy has been reviewed and has also informed the scope of this chapter.
16.3 Consultation
16.3.1 During the preparation of this chapter, consultation was undertaken with numerous key stakeholders as follows;
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. Carmarthenshire County Council (Planning and Highways Department);
. South Wales Trunk Road Agency (SWTRA);
. The Planning Inspectorate (PINS); and
. The Welsh Government (WG).
16.3.2 A meeting was undertaken on the 31st of March with CCC, SWTRA and WG to discuss the initial scope of the project and the EIA chapter. As part of the discussions, the scheme route alignment options and potential traffic generation figures were tabled.
16.3.3 The project team anticipated that the level of traffic generated by the development would be similar to the construction of a nearby gas pipeline, which had not been perceived to be an issue by the attending stakeholders.
16.3.4 CCC also stated that due to the low number of vehicles generated by the Proposed Development, traffic “hotspots” rather than overall percentage increases on affected links would be the key concern.
16.3.5 On the basis of the initial discussions, it was agreed that a Transport Assessment would not be required providing the development did not generate significant volumes of traffic during either the construction or operational phases. However, a Construction Traffic Management Plan (CTMP) would be required to support the application.
16.3.6 It was agreed that the next formal response from the local and strategic highway authorities would be to the EIA scoping note.
16.3.7 Following the meeting in March 2014, a scoping opinion was requested. The key traffic and transport issues set out within the request were that;
. Materials for the construction of the Proposed Development will come from existing WPD sites in South East Wales;
. The A48 was proposed to be scoped out of the EIA assessment as the road is
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already designed to accommodate significant levels of traffic;
. It was considered unnecessary to undertake traffic counts;
. TEMPRO would be used determine traffic growth factors;
. If any assessment was to be undertaken this would be based on the methodologies contained in the “guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic” (IEMA guidelines);
. The operational phase of the connection will result in no regular vehicle movements and was proposed to be scoped out of the EIA traffic and transport chapter;
. The decommissioning phase will be take place 25 years after construction is complete (at the earliest). Due to changes in the baseline situation where traffic growth may have occurred, it was considered impractical to assess the decommissioning phase;
. Cumulative impacts with the proposed wind farms may overlap with the connection construction period, which would be further considered at the latter stage;
. Mitigation would primarily be in the form of traffic management as described within the CTMP.
th 16.3.8 As a prescribed body CCC responded to the request for a scoping opinion on 11 April 2014. The following summarises the response;
. Initial traffic figures that have been presented are low;
. CCC Highways Department would expect the routes to be assessed on the basis that where uplift is expected the absolute impact be considered;
. Logging activities should be clarified; and
. Details of any proposed construction compounds should be set out;
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16.3.9 The Secretary of State’s scoping opinion received in August 2014 include comment on the matter of traffic and transportation and is summarised as follows;
. Expectation that the study area be described fully as part of the chapter;
. Any traffic count requirements should be agreed with the local authority;
. The Secretary of State agrees that that transport and access impacts of the operational and maintenance phase can be scoped out of the EIA given the size and nature of the project;
. The Secretary of State does not agree the impacts of the decommissioning phase can be scoped out. Evidence that the background traffic levels are predicted to rise should be presented within the chapter.
16.3.10 Following the outcome of the initial consultation and subsequent scoping exercise an assessment of the HGV routes, access locations and traffic generation for the proposed development was undertaken. The information was submitted to CCC and SWTRA for consideration in October 2014.
th 16.3.11 A subsequent meeting was undertaken on the 16 of October 2014 with CCC and SWTRA to finalise the scope of assessment for the Traffic and Transport EIA chapter. The following was agreed;
. It was agreed that the highest traffic generating phase of the project would be construction, and that initial traffic figures (based on a worst case) set out by AMEC were not significant enough to require assessment within the Traffic and Transport ES chapter;
. The Noise and Air Quality chapters of the draft ES need not provide any environmental assessment of the anticipated traffic generated by the development in the construction phase;
. Referring to the Secretary of State’s scoping opinion, the effects of the development in transport terms, during operation and decommissioning, were also scoped out. It was noted that the decommissioning traffic flows are
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estimated to be less than that of construction. It was also considered that by the time the decommissioning occurs, background traffic flows will be higher (as a result of natural traffic growth) and as such any impacts would be diluted. To satisfy the Secretary of State, the Traffic and Transport ES chapter will set out the date of decommissioning and the likely percentage increase in background traffic during this time period;
. WPD will consider the cumulative impact of AIL’s, and investigate whether the delivery of the Proposed Development Cable Drum AIL’s will conflict with the proposed wind farm AIL deliveries, based on the assumption that the Cable Drums are in fact identified as AIL’s.
. It was agreed that due to the low level of general construction traffic movements generated by the development, no cumulative assessment of general construction vehicles will be required;
. Mitigation required as a result of the construction of the OHL will be secured through submission of a CTMP. WPD will undertake consultation with the relevant stakeholders going forward to prepare a document that is agreed by all parties.
16.3.12 The agreements above were included in a letter to CCC and SWTRA; the former responded positively to the letter on the 24th October 2014, a copy of which is included as Appendix 16.1. No response has been received from the latter, although the agreements were approved in principal during the meeting held on16th October. The response from CCC confirms that the contents of the letter (and the agreements above) are acceptable.
16.3.13 The aforementioned agreements have informed the contents of the remaining sections of this chapter. It was also agreed in the meeting on the 16th October that this chapter would set out the traffic flow methodology and the impacts on local roads as presented in the meeting.
Table 16.1 – Summary of consultation relating to Traffic and Transportation
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Date and consultation Consultation and issue Section where comment phase/ type raised addressed
11 April 2014 – Route assessments will Section 16.7 CCC response to take into account uplift. request for Scoping Opinion Logging activities should be clarified
Details of proposed construction compounds should be set out
August 2014 – The study area should be Section 16.7 Secretary of State’s fully described within the Scoping Opinion chapter.
Evidence of background traffic growth needs to be included
October 2014 – Investigate the cumulative Included within the CTMP CCC & SWTRA EIA impact of AIL’s (separate document) Scoping Mitigation required as a result of the construction of the OHL will be secured through a TMP.
16.4 Assessment methodology
16.4.1 Based on the pre-application consultation and scoping as set out in Section 16.3 of this report, it has been agreed by all relevant stakeholders that no assessment of effects for any phase of the development is required and therefore no EIA traffic and transport assessment methodology has been provided.
16.4.2 It was however agreed that this chapter would set out the detailed traffic generation assumptions and figures that were presented to CCC/SWTRA.
16.5 Baseline conditions
16.5.1 The study area is bisected in the east/west direction by the A48. This is the main
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transportation corridor between the M4 and South West Wales. The A48 joins the A40 immediately to the south of Carmarthen and connects the town with Swansea to the East. West of Carmarthen the A40 connects with Haverford West and Fishguard while to the east it connects Carmarthen with Llandeilo and Llandovery.
16.5.2 Both the A48 and A40 are trunk roads and hence the responsibility of the SWTRA.
16.5.3 The main north/south routes are the A485 (to the north of Carmarthen) and the A484 to the south. These are both single carriageway roads and are the responsibilities of CCC.
16.5.4 North of Carmarthen the A485 passes through a number of small villages as it heads north towards New Inn and Llanybudder whiles to the south of Carmarthen the A484 passes through Llandyfaelog to Kidwelly and Burry Port.
16.5.5 Connecting to these main highways are a network of smaller rural A, B, C and unclassified roads, which are required to provide access to the various points along the grid connection route.
16.5.6 At the time of preparing this chapter 85 accesses from the public highway network had been identified, however access to a small number of the pole locations had not been finalised.
16.5.7 This EIA chapter therefore includes for a small number of ‘assumed’ access locations to serve small sections of the OHL line. In addition, some of the access points shown on the pre-application statutory consultation drawings have been aggregated when in close proximity. This is because it is the number of vehicles along a highway which is the subject of this assessment, rather than the access points themselves.
16.5.8 The above methodology is considered to result in an accurate picture of traffic movement on the local highways network (Trunk and local roads) even with some uncertainty about the location of a small number of the accesses. Access positions to all OHL and undergrounding sections of the route will be identified, assessed and reported within the final ES which will be submitted with the DCO
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application.
16.5.9 All of the proposed access points to the OHL have been visited to ensure they are capable and appropriate of serving the proposed development, and further details of the technical proposals (safety, capacity and management) will be included within the Traffic Management Plan (TMP) which will accompany the DCO application.
16.5.10 In addition to the 86 accesses to the OHL there are several other access locations that have been considered. There are 6 accesses (Letters A to F) that provide access to various areas on the underground cable section (underground compound and works accesses), and the access to the Carmarthen Showground for the main contractors compound
16.5.11 The access points have been numbered (and for the underground cable section lettered) from the south to the north of the grid connection route, which also defines the scope of this assessment. It should also be noted a copy of the plan is included as Figure 16.1. This figure also includes the proposed construction routes that would be used.
16.5.12 A description of the highway from which the access points are served is provided below.
Access points 1-7
16.5.13 Access points 1-7 are served off an unclassified single track road to the west of Llandyfaelog, just off the A484, between Kidwelly and Carmarthen. Both roads are single carriageways.
16.5.14 From East to West, the unclassified single carriageway served off the A484 heading westbound towards the River Towy. Within the vicinity of the accesses, the carriageway is approximately 5.5m wide, with grass verges and hedgerows on either side. The road continues westbound for approximately 0.3 miles where it intersects with another unclassified road from the North after which it continues
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south.
16.5.15 Access points 1-5 are served immediately south of the aforementioned intersection, with access points 6 and 7 served off the adjoining unclassified road to the north. The carriageway serving access points 1 – 5 is 5.5m wide and the unclassified road serving access points 6 and 7 is approximately 3.5m wide.
Access points 8-10, 18
16.5.16 Access points 8-10 and 18 are served off a short section of the A484 to the North of Llandyfaelog between Kidwelly and Carmarthen. The A484 is a single carriageway rural road, typically flanked by grass verges, hedgerows and occasional trees. Within the vicinity of the access points, the carriageway is approximately 5.5m wide and subject to a speed limit of 50mph.
Access points 11 & 12
16.5.17 Access points 11 and 12 are served off Lon Ceirw (Ceirw Lane) accessed from the A484 between Kidwelly and Carmarthen. Lon Ceirw is a single track rural lane of approximately 2.5m in width, bordered by grass verges and hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access points 13-17
16.5.18 Access points 13-17 are served off an unclassified rural road to the east of the A484 between Kidwelly and Carmarthen. The road routes in a south-west to north- east alignment towards the small village of Bancycapel. The road is single track, approximately 2.5m wide, subject to national speed limits, with small grass verges and hedgerows along both sides of the carriageway.
Access points 19-23
16.5.19 Access points 19-23 are served off an unclassified rural road to the west of the A4309 between Llanelli and Carmarthen. The road routes in a south-west to north- east alignment towards the small village of Bancycapel. Prior to the village the
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road intersects with another unclassified road from the north, which serves access points 21, 22 and 23. Both unclassified roads are single track, approximately 2.5m wide, subject to national speed limits, with small grass verges and hedgerows along both sides of the carriageway.
Access points 24and 25
16.5.20 Access points 24 and 25 are served directly off the B4309 approximately 500m north of the village of Bancycapel. The B4309 is a single carriageway road, predominantly subject to national speed limit (changing to 30mph through villages), with grass verges and hedgerows along the edge of the carriageway and an approximate width of 5.5m.
Access points 26-28
16.5.21 Access points 26-28 are accessed from the B4306 to the east of the B4309, just north of Bancycapel. Within the vicinity of the access points the B4306 is a single carriageway road, subject to national speed limits with an approximate width of 5.5m. The carriageway is lined with grass verges and hedgerows along both sides of the carriageway.
Access point 29
16.5.22 Access point 29 is served off an unclassified rural lane which in turn is served from the B4306 to the West of Bancycapel. The lane is subject to national speed limit, and has an approximate width of 2.2m wide, with grass verges and hedgerows flanking both sides of the carriageway. North of Bryngorse Issa the road is private and not part of the local highways network.
Access points 30-37
16.5.23 Access points 30-37 are served from an unclassified single track rural road routing in a north/south direction, located to the south of the A48. Grass verges and hedgerows flank either side of the 2.2m wide carriageway and the road is subject to national speed limits. Access 37 is located to the northern side of the A48. The
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A48 is crossed via an under-bridge.
Access points 35 and 36
16.5.24 Access points 35 and 36 are served from an unclassified single carriageway road south of Heol Llangynnwr, which runs parallel to the A48 from the south-east of Carmarthen. This single carriageway is approximately 10m wide and subject to national speed limits.
Access points 38 and 39
16.5.25 Access points 38 and 39 are served directly from Heol Llangynnwr a single carridgeway road which links east Carmarthen to Nantycaws and a junction with the A48. This was the old trunk road out of Carmarthen before the construction of the A48 and is therefore of a good standard. The road is subject to national speed limits.
Access points 40-46
16.5.26 Access points 40- 46 are served from an unclassified single track road off Heol Llangynnwr. Approximately 100m from the junction with Heol Llangynnwr the road bifurcates, with one arm routing north serving access points 42-46 and another continuing east serving accesses 40-41.. The carriageway is between 2.2 and 3.0 metres wide, subject to national speed limits and bound either side by with grass verges and hedgerows.
Access points 47 (and A)
16.5.27 Access points 47 and A are located off an unclassified single track rural road accessed from the B4300 to the east of Carmarthen. The unclassified single track road is approximately 3.0m wide, subject to national speed limits. The road serves a handful of dwellings to the south east. The B4300 is a 6.0m (approx) wide single carriageway road, subject to national speed limits. The road is restricted to a 40mph speed limit.
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Access points B and C)
16.5.28 Access points B/C) are served off Abergwili Road between Abergwili to the west and Carmarthen to the east. Abergwili Road is approximately 9m wide, classified as a single carriageway and subject to a 30mph speed limit.
Accesses 48 to 53, 55 to 86 (and D/E/F)
16.5.29 Accesses 48 – 86 are all served directly or indirectly off the A485, which is a single carriageway road stretching from Carmarthen in the south to Cwmann in the north. The highway is predominantly subject to national speed limits, which reduces to 30mph through various settlements along its course. Details of the unclassified/B Road access routes off the A485 are set out below. For reference accesses directly onto the A458 are D, 61, 62, 74,75,77,78, 81, 82, 83.
Access 48 - 50 (and E/F)
16.5.30 Access points 48-50 (and E/F) are served off an unclassified single track rural road west of the A485. The road is approximately 2.2m wide, bound with grass verges and hedgerows, and is subject to national speed limits.
Access points 51 - 53
16.5.31 Access points 51- 53 are served off Maes Brynglas to the west of the A485 near Peniel. The road is approximately 2.2m wide, bound with grass verges and hedgerows, and is subject to national speed limits.
Access 54
16.5.32 Access 54 is served off an unclassified single track rural road, which in turn is served from the B4301 and the A484 north of Carmarthen. The single track road is approximately 3.0m wide, subject to national speed limits and bound by grass verges and hedgerows. The B4301 is a 6.0m wide single carriageway road, subject to national speed limits with 30mph restrictions in built up areas. The A484 is strategic single carriageway road, which runs from Carmarthen in the
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south to Cardigan in the north-west. The highway is predominantly subject to national speed limit, but restricted to 30mph through built up areas.
Access points 53-58
16.5.33 Access points 55-58 are served off an unclassified single track rural road west of the A485 near Cwmparc. The road is approximately 2.5m wide, subject to national speed restrictions and flanked on both sides of the carriageway by grass verges and hedgerows.
Access points 59 and 60
16.5.34 Access points 59 and 60 are served off an unclassified single track rural road west of the A485 to the south of Rhydargaeau. The rural road is approximately 2.5m wide, flanked by grass verges and hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access points 63 – 64
16.5.35 Access points 63-64 are served off an unclassified single track rural road west of Rhydargaeau. The single track is approximately 3m wide flanked by hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access point 65
16.5.36 Access point 65 is served off an unclassified single track rural road east of the B4301 north of Rhydargaeau. The single track is approximately 3m wide flanked by hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access points 66 and 67
16.5.37 Access points 66 and 67 are served off an unclassified single track road to the East of the B4301 north of Rhydargaeau. The single track is approximately 2.5m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access point 69
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16.5.38 Access point 69 is served off an unclassified single track road to the East of the B4301 north of Rhydargaeau. The single track is approximately 2.5m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access points 68/70
16.5.39 Access points 68/70 are served directly off the B4301 north of Rhydargaeau. The B4301 is a good standard B road linking Pontarsais to Bronwydd Arms. The road is subject to the national speed limit.
Access points 71 and 72
16.5.40 Access points 71 and 72 are served off the B4301 to the west of the A485, north of Rhydargaeau. The B4301 provides a single carriageway which is approximately 5.0m wide and within the vicinity of the access point subject to a 50mph speed limit.
Access points 73, 76, and 79
16.5.41 These access points are served off an unclassified road subject to the national speed limit west of the B485 north of Pontarsais. The unclassified single track rural road is approximately 4.5m wide, flanked by grass verges and hedgerows and subject to national speed limits.
Access point 80
16.5.42 Access 80 is served off an unclassified single track road west of the A485 near Derlwyn Villa. The track is approximately 2.2m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to the national speed limit.
Access point 84
16.5.43 Access 84 is served off an unclassified single track road east of the A485 in Alltwalis. The track is approximately 2.6m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to the national speed limit. The track is also subject to an uphill gradient when travelling east.
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Access point 85
16.5.44 Access 85 is served off an unclassified single track road east of the A485 near Pantygof. The road is approximately 2.3m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to the national speed limit. The road is also subject to an uphill gradient when travelling east.
Access point 86
16.5.45 Access 86 is served off an unclassified single track road east of the A485 west of Llanllawddog. The road is approximately 2.7m wide, flanked by hedgerows and subject to national speed limits. The road has numerous passing places between the A485 and the proposed access (currently a forestry access).
16.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase
16.6.1 As agreed with the relevant Highway Authorities, no assessment of the construction phase is required but as requested by key stakeholders, details of the construction programme and resultant traffic generation has been provided in section 16.7.
16.6.2 The traffic generation data has been broken down into 28 sections, which cover the proposed cable route from south to north. The sections have been defined by the extent of the highway from which a group of accesses are served. Figures 16.2 to 16.4 set out the impacts diagrammatically for total vehicle traffic generation and16.5 to 16.7 set this out for HGV traffic generation only.
16.7 Traffic Generation Methodology
Proposed Construction Programme
16.7.1 The construction programme for the Proposed Development is broken down into specific construction activities and a copy of the programme is included as Appendix 16.2. Details of each activity have been presented, which includes the assumptions and calculations that have been made in order to identify the
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resultant traffic generation.
16.7.2 As per the construction programme, the traffic generation is presented as weekly traffic flows. Consideration of daily flows has been provided towards the end of this section.
16.7.3 The construction programme has been split into distinctive elements, which are as follows:
. Mobilisation
. Line survey
. Tree cutting
. Tree removal (Brechfa Forest)
. OHL access works (Access and fencing)
. Diversion of services
. Materials deliveries
. Pole erection
. Overhead line wiring
. Underground cable access works
. Underground cable section deliveries
. Underground cable works (within river)
. Underground cable works
. Underground cable installation
. Energise
. Reinstate
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Mobilisation
16.7.4 Mobilisation is proposed to take place in the first two weeks of the construction programme, Weeks 1 and 2, taking a total of 10 days.
16.7.5 Mobilisation is the works associated with the establishment of the main construction compound at the Showground. This would include the site offices, welfare unit, a lock-up and hard standing for staff vehicles as well as some storage areas for materials to be delivered later in the construction programme.
16.7.6 In addition to the above HGV’s will deliver various components for the Compound during Week 1, which will include a large crane. It is also anticipated that there will be 5 additional LV arrivals comprising staff and small deliveries during the same week.
16.7.7 In Week 2 no HGV movements will be generated and only three staff will be working on the site per day.
16.7.8 Table 16.2 sets out the traffic movements associated with the mobilisation element of the construction project.
Table 16.2 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOBILISATION PHASE OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
Week Compound Access
HGVs
Week 1 10
Week 2 0
LVs
Week 1 50
Week 2 30
Total Vehicles (HGV’s plus LV’s)
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Week 1 60
Week 2 30
Line Survey
16.7.9 The line survey is proposed to take place in the first eleven weeks of the construction programme (Weeks 1 to 11), taking a total of 55 days.
16.7.10 The line survey consists of a route review along the intended path of the Proposed Development and is completed by one team of three staff on each of the 55 days. These staff would arrive at the main construction compound at the Carmarthen Showground in one LV to receive a work brief and then leave the compound for the days work. At the end of the day this LV would return to the compound to store materials etc and then leave as staff head back to their work accommodation (likely all staying in the same location) the Each day this would result in 4 two way movements at the compound access.
16.7.11 It should be noted this is a worst case assessment, in all likelihood journeys would not be required to the main compound on some days as staff would travel to the work sites directly, but for a robust assessment the trips to the compound have been included.
16.7.12 With 246 poles to be surveyed over 11 weeks it has been assumed that 22 pole locations will be surveyed per week and that the team would work from south to north.
16.7.13 Table 16.3 sets out the impact of this at the main construction compound.
Table 16.3 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LINE SURVEY AT THE MAIN COMPOUND (CARMARTHEN)
Week (LVs only) Compound Access
Week 1 20
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Week 2 20
Week 3 20
Week 4 20
Week 5 20
Week 6 20
Week 7 20
Week 8 20
Week 9 20
Week 10 20
Week 11 20
Tree Cutting
16.7.14 The tree and hedge cutting is proposed to take place in Weeks 3 to 9, which equates to 35 days.
16.7.15 This element of the construction programme relates to the felling of trees and coppicing or cutting of hedgerows outside of Brechfa Forest. This activity relates to both the accommodation works for the access points and to the removal/coppice of tress and hedges within the easement of the proposed overhead line.
16.7.16 This work will be undertaken by two teams of three over the 35 days. Staff would arrive at the main construction compound at the Carmarthen Showground in two LV company vehicles and then depart each day in the same two LVs before returning to the compound at the end of the day prior to leaving for the staff accommodation. This would result in 8 two way daily movements at the compound access. There are no HGVs associated with this element of the construction programme.
16.7.17 As for the line survey calculations, these numbers are considered to represent a worst-case assessment.
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16.7.18 The extent of the required coppicing has yet to be finalised as it will depend on the time of year in which this activity is carried out. In the order to calculate a robust traffic generation calculation for this activity, is has been assumed that work is required at every access point although this is unlikely to be the case. This also provides for a robust worst case assessment.
16.7.19 With 84 accesses (not including the two associated with Brechfa Forest, 85 and 86) requiring works over 7 weeks, it is assumed that 12 accesses per week would be completed. Each access is assumed to require one visits by one team. There has also been an allowance made for trips between some of the accesses points in a day. Work may be undertaken at more than one access per day and as such generate local impact traffic generation on the network.
16.7.20 Table 16.4 below sets out the impact of this at the main construction compound.
Table 16.4 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TREE CUTTING (NON BRECFA FOREST) PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT AT THE MAIN COMPOUND (CARMARTHEN)
Week (LVs only) Compound Access
Week 3 40
Week 4 40
Week 5 40
Week 6 80
Week7 40
Week 8 40
Week 9 40
Tree Removal (Brechfa Forest)
16.7.21 The tree removal in Brechfa Forest is proposed to take place in weeks 5 to 9 over a total of 25 days.
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16.7.22 This element of the construction programme relates to the felling of trees (within Brechfa Forest).
16.7.23 Chapter 8 of this draft ES describes the height and age of trees to be removed and the methods by which this will be achieved. The felled trees will either be mulched or cut down and stockpiled within the forest. No trees will be removed from the forest as a result of the proposed development and thus the impacts of this construction activity have been significantly minimised.
16.7.24 The vehicles that will be generated for this activity relate to the following;
. Establishment of a forestry compound for the works;
. Delivery (and removal) of plant and materials for the works; and
. Staff undertaking the works.
16.7.25 In Week 5 it is anticipated that 2 HGVs will be required to deliver the necessary plant to the forestry compound and this will be removed in Week 9. This will result in 4 two-way movements in each of those weeks.
16.7.26 Staff will arrive direct at the forestry compound (Access 86) and leave at the end of the day. It’s anticipated that two LVs (4 two way movements) per day will be generated by this element of the construction programme across Weeks 5 to 9.
16.7.27 Table 16.5 sets out the anticipated traffic across the construction period for the Brechfa Forestry works at access 86, which is the only access proposed to be used to access the site.
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Table 16.5 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REMOVAL OF TREES IN BRECFA FOREST - AT THE FORESTRY ACCESS (86)
Week Forestry Compound Access (86)
HGVs
Week 5 4
Week 6 0
Week 7 0
Week 8 0
Week 9 4
LVs
Week 5 20
Week 6 20
Week 7 20
Week 8 20
Week 9 20
Total Vehicles
Week 5 24
Week 6 20
Week 7 20
Week 8 20
Week 9 24
OHL Access Works (Access/Fencing)
16.7.28 The works associated with the access/fencing and other establishment works for the OHL is proposed to take place in Weeks 5 to 17.
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16.7.29 This activity is split into three distinct sub categories, as follows;
. Access Works;
. Fencing works; and
. Watercouse Works.
16.7.30 Each of these categories is set out separately below.
Access Works
16.7.31 A total of 86 access points have been identified all of which are served via existing access tracks, or gates field boundaries. As such the amount of work required to provide access to the pole locations is likely to be minimal and in many locations not required. The location of the access points will be finalised following statutory consultation period. For the purpose of this assessment it has been estimated, robustly, that only approximately 1/3 of the total number of accesses would require accommodations works. For these calculations 32 accesses have been selected across the route as requiring access works. WPD already understand that access to poles 57/58 will require more substantial works and as such a slight uplift to access 29 has been applied.
16.7.32 It has been estimated works at each of the 32 accesses would require two HGVs (for plant and materials (which also covers the requirement for fencing) for each site. This would result in 64 two way HGV movements.
16.7.33 Staffing requirements for the access works have been calculated as 2 staff per access per day (4 two way movements), with these trips made directly to the access locations and not via the compound. It is also concluded that access works may take up to three days. This results in 192 two-way movements across the construction programme. These trips have been distributed across the accesses affected, with some back loading of the works.
16.7.34 The HGVs and staff trips have been divided across the construction schedule from north to south on the basis that between two and three accesses will be
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constructed each week.
Fencing Works
16.7.35 The fencing works are not proposed to take place until Week 6. This will be one week after the access works have been completed at the first two access locations. The fencing works will be completed in the same sequence as the access works, one week after the completion of the works at each access.
16.7.36 The materials required for fencing will be delivered to the main contractors compound in 5 HGVs (10 two-way HGV movements) total.
16.7.37 The fencing works are proposed to be undertaken by 2 members of staff who will arrive at the main contractor’s compound in the company LV (likely to be a large 4x4 or transit type van) and then leave in the same LV along with any materials/tools/plant that is required. A robust assumption is that fencing per access will take two days, leading to a total of 128 two way movements for this element of the works.
Watercourse Crossings
16.7.38 Along the alignment of the proposed access routes from the highway to the pole locations there are small watercourses (streams, dry stream beds, drainage ditches) that will need to be crossed. Where an existing watercourse is proposed to be crossed an allowance in the traffic generation calculations has been made.
16.7.39 It is likely that during the consultation period, some of the private land accesses from the public highway may need to be altered to take account of any existing watercourse crossings, to minimise disruption as far as practically possible. However, at this stage it is considered robust to assume that all crossings at the proposed access locations will require accommodation works.
16.7.40 There are 17 locations where a watercourse may be crossed . The watercourse works are proposed to be undertaken by 2 members of staff who will arrive at the main contractor’s compound in the company LV (likely to be a large 4x4 or transit
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type van) and then leave in the same LV along with any materials/tools/plant. It is assumed that the watercourse works will take a week to complete requiring ten two way movements per week per site. This leads to a total 170 two way light vehicle trips for this element of the programme leading to a total of 128 two way movements for this element of the works.
16.7.41 A robust assumption suggests that upto 4 HGVs will be required to deliver materials (8 two way HGV movements) to each watercourse crossing. As some accesses have more than one watercourse crossing, the works have been staggered across the 13 weeks of the construction programme, with some back- loading of the work assumed. It should again be noted that this is a worst case assumption at this stage and subsequent works may indicate that some of the 17 locations where a water course is crossed require a significantly reduced level of work.
Summary of Access/Watercourse Crossings/Fencing
16.7.42 Table 16.6 below sets out the impact of the works above on the main construction compound with some of the fencing works extended into week 18.
Table 16.6 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OHL ACCESS/FENCING/WATERCOURSE WORKS AT THE MAIN COMPOUND (CARMARTHEN)
Week HGVs LVs Total
Week 5 10 10 20
Week 6 0 18 18
Week 7 0 18 18
Week 8 0 18 18
Week 9 0 18 18
Week 10 0 18 18
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Week 11 0 22 22
Week 12 0 18 18
Week 13 0 18 18
Week 14 0 28 28
Week 15 0 32 32
Week 16 0 32 32
Week 17 0 32 32
Week 18 0 16 16
Diversion of Services
16.7.43 Constructing the Proposed Development there will be a need for the diversion of a number of services (existing OHL for electric, telephone, cable services).
16.7.44 Confirmation on the type and level of service diversion is being sought by WPD. It is considered however that this would be small scale and undertaken over a long time period thereby diluting any potential for impact upon the highway.
Materials Deliveries
16.7.45 The works associated with the delivery of materials for the construction of the OHL is proposed to take place in weeks 5 to 19.
16.7.46 There several different materials that need to be delivered on the OHL section of the project;
. Wooden Poles;
. Steelworks;
. Insulators/Small Fittings;
. OHL Cable; and
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. Other Ancillary Deliveries.
16.7.47 These materials are proposed to be delivered direct to the main contractors compound in bulk prior to being sent to individual sites as and when they are needed. The different ways in which materials will be delivered are then re-issued are set out below.
Arrivals to the Main Construction Compound
Wooden Poles
16.7.48 There is a requirement for 246 poles and each HGV can transport 20 poles, requiring approximately 12 HGV deliveries (24 two-way HGV Movements) in total.
Steelworks
16.7.49 There will be 6 HGV deliveries for the steelwork resulting in 12 two-way HGV movements in total.
Insulators and Small Fittings
16.7.50 There will be 4 HGV deliveries for the Insulators/Small Fittings resulting in 8 two- way HGV movements in total in total.
OHL Cable
16.7.51 In accordance with industry standards, the type of cable required for the OHL will be delivered drums, each holding 1,500m of cable. Each HGV is capable of transporting 3 cable drums, thus 4,500m of cable per HGV.
16.7.52 The project requires 75km (75,000m) of OHL cable, necessitating approximately 17cable drum HGV deliveries to the main construction compound or 32 two way HGV movements.
Ancillary deliveries
16.7.53 There are various other deliveries of small plant and materials that are required
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and it has been estimated that this would result in 10 HGV deliveries to the main construction compound or 20 two-way HGV movements.
Departures from the Main Construction Compound
Wooden Pole/ Steelworks/ Insulators
16.7.54 The materials required to erect a pole will be transferred to the required site via a single HGV (HIAB - HGV with a crane), accompanied by the pole erection team. Further details regarding this procedure are set out in a separate section below.
Cable
16.7.55 There will be 25 winch points along the route, to accommodate a reasonable pulling length. The locations of these initial winch points have been used as the destinations for the cable to be delivered to. Each winch point would require three drums of cable (6 two-way HGV movements).
16.7.56 Cable deliveries to site will be made in Weeks 11 to 20 and then 23 to 31 taking into account the seasonal shut down. This means that cable is delivered to the sites, prior to the wiring works taking place. Across the 17 weeks this allows for 1.5 winch points per week to have cable delivered during this period. This results in 9 two way HGV movement moments per week for 12 weeks.
Summary of Material Deliveries
16.7.57 The staff movements associated with the erection of the poles and the wiring are contained in sections set out below. Table 16.7 below sets out the impact at the main construction compound for the materials deliveries. Only HGVs are associated with this element of the construction programme.
Table 16.7 – PROPOSED TWO WAY TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MATERIALS DELIVEIRES (IN AND OUT) AT THE MAIN COMPOUND (CARMARTHEN)
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Week HGVs
Week 5 5
Week 6 5
Week 7 9
Week 8 9
Week 9 9
Week 10 9
Week 11 9
Week 12 9
Week 13 9
Week 14 9
Week 15 9
Week 16 9
Week 17 9
Week 18 11
Week 19 5
Week 20 9
Week 24 9
Week 25 9
Week 26 9
Week 27 9
Week 28 9
Week 29 9
Week 30 9
Week 31 9
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Pole Erection
16.7.58 The works associated with the pole erection for the construction of the OHL is proposed to take place in Weeks 7 to 19, coinciding with the first week of the delivery of materials on the project for the OHL construction. This element of the construction programme will involve a requirement for HGVs and light vehicles (staff) as set out below.
Light Vehicles
16.7.59 The pole erection works are proposed to be undertaken by two teams of four members of staff members who will arrive at the main contractor’s compound in two company LV (likely to be a large 4x4 or transit type vans) and then leave in the same two LV’s along with any materials/tools/plant (with pole deliveries covered below, this plant will be the metalworks, fixtures and fittings, conductors etc required to be attached to the poles). Each pole erection requires one team and as such generates 2 light vehicle movements, for 246 poles this results in 492 two way light vehicle movements. With a 13 week programme for the work there is a requirement for 32 two way light vehicle movements per week.
HGVs
16.7.60 There are two types of HGVs required for this element of the construction programme, the delivery of the poles, and the delivery of plant/machinery for the construction of the poles.
16.7.61 The plant will need to be delivered to the 86 access points for the OHL on HGVs. There are two pieces of plant required to erect the pole; an excavator/JCB and a MUPP. This will necessitate 2 HGV deliveries to each access or 4 two-way HGV movements. These loads will be delivered to the sites from south to north from week 7 onwards. The plant will then be removed the following week, as its assumed that this plant will only be required at each pole erection site for a week. The removal will also result in 4 two way HGV movements. The pole delivery will also take place on HGVs.
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Overhead Line Wiring
16.7.62 The works associated with wiring of the OHL are proposed to take place in Weeks 11 to 19 and then 24 to 31 after the winter break that’s been planned into the construction programme. This also matches with the cable deliveries that have been set out above.
16.7.63 This element of the construction programme is related to the stringing of the wires once the poles have been erected (from north to south). This involves winches pulling the wire up and over the wooden pole structures.
16.7.64 The staff requirements for the wiring are a four man team who would operate out of the main construction compound. These four staff would arrive in a company vehicle (likely to be a 4x4 or transit type van) in the morning, and then travel in the same LV to the winch point and remain on site for the day. At the end of the day the staff would return to the compound and then exit to the local company accommodation.
16.7.65 It should be noted that the above represents a robust assessment, in all likelihood journeys would not be required to the main compound on some days as staff would travel to the work sites directly.
16.7.66 In addition to the staff, several other LV deliveries will be required at each winch points as follows;
. Drum Jack;
. Winch;
. Cable Pulling Equipment.
16.7.67 The equipment can be towed behind an LV in a single trailer. However, for the purposes of presenting a robust assessment, it has been assumed that two would be delivered separately and one would be towed by the vehicle transporting staff to the site (therefore already accounted for in the staff movements). Thus additional plant deliveries would generate two two-way movements.
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16.7.68 In total therefore there would be 3 LVs leaving the main contractors compound per access or 6 two-way vehicles. With 25 winch points this results in 150 two way movements of LVs for this element of the construction programme.
16.7.69 Based on the proposed 17 week schedule, this works out at 9 two way LVs per week. Each winch point requires 6 two-way LV movements. As such the trips have been split across the relevant access points based on this construction programme.
16.7.70 In total, the above calculations equate to 29 LV two-way movements per week at the main construction compound access.
Underground Cable Access Works (Access/ Fencing)
16.7.71 The works associated with the access fencing and other establishing works for the underground cable section, are proposed to take place in Weeks 5 to 8.
16.7.72 There are three sub-categories of work associated with this activity, which are as follows:
. Access Works, including trackway;
. Fencing works;
. Compound setup;
Each of these categories is set out separately below.
Access Works
16.7.73 The access works are proposed to be undertaken in Weeks 5 to 8.
16.7.74 The trackway required to access the joint box locations, underground cable compound, drilling points and traverse the easement has been measured from plan to enable a clear estimate of the number of deliveries required.
16.7.75 A total 1,536 m of trackway is required, which will be delivered by LVs capable of
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carrying 8m of trackway. This results in a total of 123 loads of trackway or 246 two-way LV movements. These movements will arrive at the individual sites direct from the manufacturer/ supplier. The staff arriving in the delivery vehicles will also install the trackway.
16.7.76 Approximately 62 LV two-way movements per week related to trackway deliveries will be generated across the 4 week period.
16.7.77 In addition to the above there will be a requirement for 3 HGVs to deliver plant to each access to enable the track to be installed. The plant required includes a JCB for minor levelling, a small crane and other smaller plant yet to be determined. This results in 9 HGV deliveries or 18 two-way HGV movements across the four weeks.
Fencing Works
16.7.78 Unlike the overhead line section, fencing is required on the underground cable element of the project to secure the whole easement for health and safety reasons. All fencing deliveries will arrive at the underground cable construction compound and then be transferred to the sites without the need to use the local highway network.
16.7.79 It has been calculated that the length of the easement requires 10 HGV deliveries of fencing (20 two-way HGV movements).
16.7.80 Fencing works will be undertaken by one team of 2 during Weeks 6 to 8 (after the deliveries of the fencing have been made). This will involve journeys direct to the underground cable compound and out to site each week, resulting in 20 two-way movements at the compound each week.
Compound Construction
16.7.81 A dedicated construction compound for the underground works is required as part of the project. At this stage the precise location is to be confirmed. To enable a robust assessment of the traffic flows generated by the Proposed Development,
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the compound site has been assumed to be in the centre of the area, north of the Abergwilli Road near the proposed underground cable accesses C and B.
16.7.82 The construction of the compound will take place in Weeks 5 and 6.
16.7.83 In Week 5, 5 HGV’s (10 two-way HGVs) will be required to deliver the various components for the underground works construction compound which will include a large crane. In addition it is anticipated there would be 5 LVs for staff and smaller deliveries per day (10 two-way LVs).
16.7.84 In Week 2 there will not be a requirement for any HGVs and three staff working on the site per day (6 two-way LV movements).
Underground Cable Section Deliveries
16.7.85 The works associated with underground cable deliveries are proposed to take place in Weeks 9 to 12 of the construction programme.
16.7.86 This element of the construction programme is related to the delivery of materials required for the completion of the underground cable section.
16.7.87 There is a requirement for approximately 3,100m of cable ducts. Each duct is 6m in length and for every one metre of the underground cable 4 ducts are needed. This leads to a requirement for approximately 2,067 ducts in total. Each HGV can transport 40 ducts and as such there is a requirement for 52 duct deliveries or 104 two-way HGV movements.
16.7.88 There is a requirement for approximately 3,571 tonnes of limestone dust to support the cable ducts over the 3,100m length of underground cable. Assuming this is delivered in 20 tonne capacity HGVs, a total of 179 HGV deliveries or 358 HGV two-way movements will be required.
16.7.89 There is a requirement for approximately 21 HGV deliveries of cable for the underground cable section or 42 two way HGV movements. These movements are likely to be Abnormal Indivisible Loads, the impact of which will be addressed
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within the TMP.
16.7.90 In total the materials deliveries to the underground cable compound will total 251 deliveries (or 502 two way HGV movements) over the four week period.
Underground Cable Works (within the river)
16.7.91 There is one week in the programme where temporary culverting works are proposed to take place within the river. This constrained time period is due to ecological constraints on the construction programme. The works required are minimal and it is anticipated that no additional vehicular movements will be generated other than those associated with the compound set-up.
Underground Cable Works
16.7.92 The works associated with underground cable works are proposed to take place in Weeks 9 to 19 and 23 to 26 of the construction programme taking into account the winter break.
16.7.93 This element of the construction programme encompasses various civil engineering tasks required to enable the cable to be installed, as follows;
. Directional drilling of the river and two local roads;
. Construction of joint bays, including concrete deliveries;
. Deliveries of materials from the underground cable compound to the construction sites; and
. Underground civils staff.
Directional Drilling
16.7.94 The directional drilling is proposed to take place in Weeks 11 to 15 and requires 5 staff per day to undertake the work. This results in a total of 50 LV two way movements per week direct to the drilling sites.
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16.7.95 The drilling will require 5 equipment deliveries, all made by HGV, which will occur in Week 11 (10 two-way HGV movements) and removed in Week 15 (10 two way HGV movements). This equipment will be transported between the various directional drilling locations without the need to use the highway network, in- between delivery and removal.
Construction of Joint Bays
16.7.96 The construction of the joint bays is proposed to take place in Weeks 23 to 26. Each joint bay will require 15 deliveries (30 HGV two-way movements). There are 8 joint bays proposed and as such 240 two-way total HGV movements will be generated.
16.7.97 These trips will predominantly be concrete deliveries and as such are assumed to arrive direct from local suppliers. It is proposed to construct the joint bays from south to north across the proposed four week period.
Materials Deliveries from the Underground Compound
16.7.98 As the proposed underground cable is approximately 3km long some of the route is not accessible from the construction compound without needing to use local roads. Accesses A, D, E and F would therefore all require delivery of cable ducts and limestone dust via the local highway.
16.7.99 These materials deliveries will be made in Weeks 11 to 19.
16.7.100 It is assumed that 50% of the limestone dust and cable ducts will be delivered to accesses A, D, E and F during the 9 weeks allocated in the construction programme. These trips have been distributed evenly across the time period and the accesses generating approximately 26 two-way HGV movements per week.
Underground Civils Staff
16.7.101 It is assumed that there will be 6 staff per day required on site to undertake the work. These staff would arrive in two LVs, resulting in 20 two-way LV trips per
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week. It is assumed that only 30% of the total trips will route to the compound (4 two way LV movements per week) with the remainder travelling directly to accesses A, D, E and F.
16.7.102 As part of these works, an estimate of an additional 3 HGV deliveries at the start of Week 11 will be required (6 HGV two-way movements) for additional plant. This will be removed in Week 26.
Underground Cable Installation
16.7.103 The works associated with the underground cable installation are proposed to take place in Weeks 23 to 28 of the construction programme, following the completion of the preparation works, such as joint box construction, excavations and cable ducting.
16.7.104 At this stage in the construction programme, the cable drums have been delivered to and stored at the underground cable construction compound. The installation will necessitate the transfer of the cable drums, via the local highway network, to the various sites using accesses A, D, E and F. Accesses B and C can be accessed from the compound location without need to use the local highway network.
16.7.105 Based on the above it is assumed that only 70% of the total cable would need to route back onto the local highway network.
16.7.106 With an even split across each of the four remaining accesses there will be 11 two-way HGV movements in total. These have been divided over 4 of the 6 weeks allocated for this activity.
16.7.107 To install the cable a cable jointing team will be working on site. This team of three will arrive at the compound in one LV and then route to the work site for the day in the same LV. This results in 20 two-way LV movements per week.
Energise
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16.7.108 The works associated with this element of the construction programme are considered to be minimal and have thus been discounted from the traffic generation calculations.
Reinstate
16.7.109 The reinstatement works necessitates the removal of all temporary apparatus/equipment, which includes:
. Trackway;
. Compound removal;
. Reinstatement of hedgerows; and
. Fencing.
16.7.110 This work is proposed to be undertaken in Weeks 33 to 38 when no other works are ongoing. As such the impact will be minimal. Each trip that was generated to install equipment will be replicated for its removal over this 6 week period, split evenly across the relevant access locations.
Permanent Compound Staffing
16.7.111 There will be a requirement for the permanent staffing at the two compound locations.
16.7.112 For the Main Compound at the Carmarthen Showground there will be a requirement for three members of permanent staff from Week 1 to Week 38 resulting in 30 two-way LV movements per week.
16.7.113 For the underground cable compound there will be a requirement for 1 member of permanent staff from Week 1 to Week 38 resulting in 10 two-way LV movements per week.
16.7.114 At both sites over the winter break (weeks 20, 21, 22) there will only be security on site, with a total of 10 LV movements per week.
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16.8 Traffic Distribution
16.8.1 Many of the individual movements set out above have a start and destination points known, for example we know that delivers from the a compound to an access have a defined route. There are however many other assumptions that have been made for other delivery routes and staff routes that have yet to be set out, and that would have an impact on which elements of the local highways network will be impacted. These are set out in further detail below;
. HGVs delivering and removing components to the compounds are presumed to come from the A48 east;
. All staff driving company vehicles anticipated to come from the A48 East. It is clear that many will stay locally when the work is undertaken and the impact will be spread over a larger network scope, however by assuming the A48 east as a starting point a clear indication of the impacts can be understood.
. HGVs delivering and removing plant for the forestry operations in Brechfa forest are presumed to come from the A48 east and route to the site north on the A485;
. All HGV delivers for fencing, ducting, watercourse crossing, plant (not cranes), cable, ancillary deliveries, OHL fixtures and fittings would arrive from suppliers to the east in south Wales and as such access the area via the A48 east.
. A review has been made of local concrete suppliers. The nearest is located on Cillefwr Road East in Johnstown, Carmarthen. It is assumed that the contractor would try to make use of the nearest local supplier. As concrete is only required at the joint boxes in the area around Carmarthen this would make logical sense to the construction method.
. It is assumed that the wooden poles will be delivered from a site in Newport, south Wales and as such route to/from the A48 East.
. Limestone dust will be sourced from a local quarry the most appropriate of which looks to be the Tarmac Torcoed Quarry which would access the site via
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the A48 East.
. A local supplier of cranes in Carmarthen may be used for all the crane requirements on the project.
16.9 Traffic Generation Summary
Introduction
16.9.1 All of the above information presented in sections 16.8 and 16.9 has been aggregated to deliver one construction programme across all accesses for each week of the 38 week programme. From this it is possible to identify the worst week of the total construction programme at any point on the local highways network. To provide a clearer picture of the impacts at the key locations on the highways network, the following information is presented for each point;
. The highest weekly total in the 38 week programme;
. The lowest weekly total in the 38 week programme;
. The total amount of weeks that construction vehicles will use the road at the identified;
. The average weekly total across the weeks where operations take place; and
. The total amount of HGVs across the 38 week programme.
16.9.2 The information is presented for total vehicles and for HGVs separately.
16.9.3 The elements of the local and strategic road network that has been reviewed related to the anticipated proposed development traffic set out below. These locations are also provided in Figure 16.5. These individual elements are described as follows:
. Route 1 – Unnamed Rural Road West of Landyfaelog (Accesses 1 to 4)
. Route 2 – Unnamed Road Rural West of Landyfaelog (Accesses 6 to 7)
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. Route 3 – Unamed Rural Road West of Landyfaelog/A486 (Accesses 1 to7)
. Route 4 – Unamed Rural Road East of A486 (Accesses 13-17)
. Route 5 – A484 Near Green Hill Cottage (Accesses 1 to 18)
. Route 6 – Unnamed Rural Road West of Bancycapel/B4309 (Accesses 19 to 23)
. Route 7 – B4309 South of Cwmffrwd (Accesses 19 to 29)
. Route 8 – A482 Cwmffrwd (Accesses 1 to 29)
. Route 9 – Unnamed Rural Road South of Heol Llangynnwr (Accesses 30 to 37)
. Route 10 – Heol Llangynnwr (Accesses 30 to 39)
. Route 11 - Unnamed Rural Road East of Heol Llangynnwr (Accesses 40 to 47)
. Route 12 – B4300 Tregynnwr (Accesses 20 to 47 and A)
. Route 13 – B4300 South of Llangynnwr (Accesses 47 and A)
. Route 14 – Carmarthen Showground Access Road (Main Compound Access)
. Route 15 – Abergwili Road, West of Abergwili (Accesses B and C)
. Route 16 – A485 (Glangwili Bridge) (Accesses 48 to 53, 55 to 86 and D/E/F)
. Route 17 – A484 North of Carmarthen (Access 54)
. Route 18 – Unnamed Rural Road West of A485 (Accesses 48 to 50 and E/F)
. Route 19 - Maes Brynglas East of Peniel (Accesses 51 to 53)
. Route 20 – A485 Peniel (Accesses 58 to 86)
. Route 21- Unamed Rural Road near Cwmparc West of A485 (Accesses 55 to 58)
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. Route 22 – A485 South of Rhydargaeau (Accesses 64 to 86)
. Route 23 – B4301 South of Pontarsais (Accesses 66 to 72)
. Route 24 – A485 Pontarsais (Accesses 74 to 86)
. Route 25 – Unnamed Rural Road, A485 to Brechfa, Llanllawddog (Access 86)
. Route 26 - A485 (Access 77 to 85)
. Route 27 - Unnamed Rural Road to Pantygof (Access 85)
. Route 28 – A485 South of Alltwailis (Access 81-84)
Summary of Impact of Total Vehicles (LV and HGV)
16.9.4 Table 16.8 sets out the results of the calculations of the proposed development and distribution at the 28 locations set out in paragraph 16.9.3. The tables set out the location, total vehicles across the whole construction period, the highest weekly flow, the lowest weekly flow, the total numbers of weeks where construction vehicles will use the road and the average across the weeks where construction activity is taking place as two way vehicle movements per route.
Table 16.8 – TOTAL PROPOSED TWO WAY (LV+HGV) TRAFFIC GENERATION
Route Total Vehicles Highest Lowest No. of Average No. during weekly weekly Weeks weekly construction phase flow flow impacted flow
1 112 342 6 8 14
2 64 24 4 8 8
3 194 74 6 7 28
4 142 52 8 8 18
5 486 126 12 15 32
6 114 56 4 7 16
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7 314 100 6 12 26
8 800 138 10 17 47
9 232 70 2 10 23
10 284 92 4 11 26
11 224 84 4 9 25
12 862 206 3 19 45
13 392 92 2 16 25
14 4096 190 10 38 108
15 2432 169 10 34 72
16 2152 216 2 28 77
17 32 16 2 4 8
18 405 77 2 22 18
19 82 32 2 8 10
20 1345 184 6 27 50
21 132 50 8 7 19
22 1175 176 6 26 45
23 234 56 3 12 5
24 853 154 6 23 9
25 270 24 3 13 9
26 393 138 4 13 3
27 69 27 4 5 2
28 247 100 3 10 3
16.9.5 It has been established that the largest number of total vehicles would be at routes 14, 15 and 16.
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16.9.6 Route 14 is the entrance to Carmarthen Showground and has a total of 4096 two way vehicles across the 38 week construction schedule averaging some 108 vehicles per week or 22 movements a day. The heaviest week of the construction schedule is proposed to generate 190 two way vehicle movements. This equates to 38 two way vehicle movements per day assuming only a 5 day working week. If the daily vehicle movements are broken down to hours, across a 10 hour working day it is proposed that there would be an increase of approximately 4 two way vehicle movements. This is considered to not be significant based upon the anticipated number of vehicle movements along using the local road network.
16.9.7 Route 15 is Abergwili Road, west of Abergwili which provides access to the underground cable compound and elements of the underground cable construction route. A total of 2432 two way vehicles across the 34 weeks of the 38 week construction schedule that vehicles would use this element of the network are predicted. . The heaviest week of the construction schedule is proposed to generate 169 two way vehicle movements. This equates to 34 two way vehicle movements per day assuming only a 5 day working week. If the daily vehicle movements are broken down to hours, across a 10 hour working day it is proposed that there would be an increase of approximately 3-4 two way vehicle movements which is considered to be not significant. The average weekly increase in traffic would be 72 two-way vehicle movements, approximating to some 14 two-way movements a day or approximately 1-2 an hour over the 10 hour working day.
16.9.8 Route 16 is the A485 which provides to the north to the OHL north of Carmarthen as well as the forestry compound and a short section of the underground cable. A total of 2152 two way vehicles across the 28 week construction schedule are proposed. The heaviest week of the construction schedule is proposed to generate 216 two way vehicle movements. This equates to 43 two way vehicle movements per day assuming only a 5 day working week. If the daily vehicle movements are broken down to hours, across a 10 hour working day it is calculated that there would be an increase of 4 two way vehicle movements into and out of location 16
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which is considered to be not significant. The average weekly increase in traffic would be 77 vehicles, approximating to some 15 vehicles a day or 2 an hour over the 10 hour working day.
16.9.9 All other locations will see similar or lower ‘total’ or ‘highest weekly’ traffic flows compared to locations 15 and 16. As such it is considered that the increase at these route locations would not lead to a significant increase in traffic numbers along the associated highway network.
Summary of Impact of Total Vehicles (HGV)
16.9.10 Table 16.9 sets out the trips generated by the development in terms of HGV numbers on the routes identified in paragraphs 16.9.3 as two way vehicle movements per route.
Table 16.9 – TOTAL PROPOSED TWO WAY HGV TRAFFIC GENERATION
Route Total Vehicles Highest Lowest No. of Average No. during weekly weekly Weeks weekly construction phase flow flow impacted flow
1 42 20 4 4 11
2 28 12 2 5 7
3 80 38 2 6 13
4 62 24 4 5 12
5 212 74 4 9 24
6 54 32 2 3 18
7 136 62 2 6 23
8 348 82 4 10 35
9 104 46 3 7 15
10 126 54 2 8 16
11 98 46 2 6 16
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12 350 97 2 11 32
13 142 41 2 6 24
14 508 39 7 26 20
15 1280 152 11 27 47
16 878 109 4 24 37
17 14 6 2 3 5
18 200 60 11 8 25
19 38 20 6 3 13
20 498 96 4 22 23
21 54 32 6 3 18
22 424 92 4 20 21
23 98 38 3 7 14
24 286 70 4 18 16
25 61 19 3 8 8
26 151 56 4 7 22
27 23 19 4 2 12
28 93 4 4 6 16
16.9.11 Based upon Table 16.9 it can be seen that the largest impact of total vehicles would be at locations 15 and 16.
16.9.12 Route 15 is Abergwili Road, west of Abergwili which provides access to the underground cable compound and elements of the underground cable construction route. A total of 1280 two way HGV movements across the 38 week construction schedule are predicted. The busiest week of the construction schedule will generate 152 two way vehicle movements. This equates to 30 two way vehicle movements per day assuming a 5 day working week. If the daily
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vehicle movements are broken down to hours, across a 10 hour working day it is calculated that there would 3 two way vehicle movements along route 15. Average HGV movements are set at approximately 47 a week. This equates to some 10 HGV two way movements per day or 1 movement per hour over the working week.
16.9.13 Route 16 is the A485 which provides access to the OHL north of Carmarthen as well as the forestry compound and a short section of the underground cable. A total of 878 two way vehicles across 37 week of the 38 week construction schedule are predicted. The worst week of the construction schedule is proposed to generate 109 two way vehicle movements. This equates to 22 two way vehicle movements per day assuming only a 5 day working week. If the daily vehicle movements are broken down to hours, across a 10 hour working day it is proposed that there would be an increase of 2 two way vehicle movements along route 16. Average HGV movements are predicted to be approximately 37 a week. This equates to some 4 two way HGV movements per day.
16.9.14 All other routes will see similar or lower total or highest weekly HGV flows as routes 15 and 16 and as such it is not considered that the increase at these locations would be significant.
16.9.15 The details of the construction traffic generation and distribution levels predicted on the local and strategic highways network set out above have been presented to CCC and SWRTA at the meeting on the 17th October. Written confirmation from the consultees has been provided to confirm that environmental assessment is not required.
16.9.16 It should also be noted that the assessment above is for a 5 day working week, when in all likelihood some works would also be undertaken on a Saturday for at least some of the day.
16.10 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase
16.10.1 There will be no requirement for WPD to visit the Proposed Development on a daily basis once the construction phase has finished. Occasional maintenance /
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inspection visits may be required on an ad-hoc basis in 4x4 type vehicles accessing from existing highway access. On this basis it is considered that the traffic impacts of the development during the operational phase would be minimal and not have any impact upon the local highway network. This development phase has therefore been scoped out of assessment.
16.11 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase
16.11.1 Decommissioning of the OHL route is effectively the reverse of the construction phase. It would however be the case that during decommissioning certain activities that where undertaken as part of the construction phase would not be required. These activities include works to trees to facilitate the line and the installation of cable ducts associated with the undergrounding section of the Proposed Development. The traffic generation associated with the decommissioning phase would be lower than that of the construction phase and therefore have a lesser impact upon the local highway network.
16.11.2 In addition decommissioning would take place at least 25 years after construction (2016), (the earliest point for decommissioning would be at the end of the Brechfa West wind farm operations). Decommissioning could therefore take place in 2041 or later. In this intervening time period background traffic growth would have continued and therefore the impact of the decommissioning effects would be diluted. For reference there are two accepted industry standard calculations for background traffic growth:
. DfT National Road Traffic Forecasts (NRTF); and
. National Trip End Model (NTEM) TEMPro growth factors.
16.11.3 The DfT National Road Traffic Forecasts only extend to 2031 and as such cannot be used in this scenario. As such the National Trip End Model (version 6.2) which is based on information from the National Transport Model (NTM) has been used. Growth rates for this data-set have been extracted via the TEMPro (Trip End Model Presentation Program) software.
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16.11.4 Using TEMPro, which can specify growth rates for areas, it is estimated that traffic growth in Carmarthenshire will be in the order of 25%. The area selected was for rural Carmarthenshire. It is considered that growth on the trunk road network could be higher than 25%.
16.11.5 Based upon the above assumptions and predictions it is considered that the decommissioning impact of the development will be lower in percentage terms than the construction phase. It is on this basis that the assessment has focused upon the construction phase only.
16.12 Mitigation measures
16.12.1 This section has highlighted the level of generated traffic as a result of the development proposals in the worst case construction phase. The result of the development is a relatively low level of traffic generated by the development on a daily basis. It is therefore considered unnecessary to identify any environmental mitigation with respect to the highway network ability to accommodate the generated traffic levels.
16.12.2 WPD does propose to produce a Construction Traffic Management Plan. This plan will set out how the movement of vehicles will be managed across the network (including AILs).
16.13 Residual effects
16.13.1 The number of vehicle movements generated by the proposed development during the construction phase is considered to be low when set against the existing highways network. This conclusion has been agreed with CCC and SWRTA such that the requirement to assess significance has been scoped from this assessment. No significant residual effects are therefore predicted.
16.14 Cumulative effects
16.14.1 The requirement to consider non-AIL cumulative effects with other developments
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has been scoped from this assessment with the agreement of CCC and SWTA.
16.14.2 Cumulative effects resulting from the potential for interaction between the construction traffic related to the proposed development and AIL traffic for the proposed wind farm will be considered and managed via the CTMP.
16.15 Summary of effects
16.15.1 This chapter has set out the methodology for generating the number of vehicle movements that will be required to construct the Proposed Development and using this methodology it has derived the level of traffic that will be generated. It has concluded that the development will produce comparatively low levels of traffic generation and that such levels will take place over a relatively short period of time. As such it has been agreed with consultees during the scoping of this chapter that no further assessment of traffic and transport will be required.
16.15.2 As part of the ongoing scheme development WPD intends to develop and agree a robust Construction Traffic Management Plan (CTMP) that will seek to control traffic journeying to and from the Proposed development and to mitigate any potential short term issues that may be highlighted. This CTMP will form part of the documents submitted as part of the DCO and will be controlled through the detailed consenting process.
16.15.3 Discussions have been held, and will continue to be held with the main highway authorities as the Proposed Development is finalised. It is intended to seek agreement to the form and detail of the CTMP as part of this process.
16.16 References
Department for Transport (2007). Guidance on Transport Assessment. London: Dft.
Institute of Environmental Assessment (1993). Guidance Notes No. 1: Guidelines for the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic. Horncastle: IEA.
The Highways Agency (2001). Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 13 –
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Economic Assessment of Road Schemes; Section 1 the COBA Manual. London: TSO.
DfT. (2007). Transport Statistics Great Britain. London: TSO.
Department for Transport (2007). Manual for Streets. London: Dft.
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Contents
17 Socio-economics, recreation and tourism 4
17.1 Introduction 4
17.2 Legislation and policy context 5
17.3 Consultation and scoping overview 11
17.4 Assessment methodology 26
17.5 Baseline 37
17.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase 66
17.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase 73
17.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase 75
17.9 Mitigation measures 75
17.10 Residual effects 76
17.11 Cumulative effects 76
17.12 Summary of effects 80
17.13 References 83
Tables
Table 17.1 Agreed scope of socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment
Table 17.2 Summary of consultation relating to socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment
Table 17.3 Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Table 17.4 Magnitude of impact
Table 17.5 Impact matrix
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Table 17.6 PRoW within Carmarthenshire
Table 17.7 PRoW within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Table 17.8 Promoted country walks within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Table 17.9 Long distance footpaths within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Table 17.10 Cycle trails within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Table 17.11 Carmarthenshire tourist expenditure by sector
Table 17.12 Employment by industry sector: Carmarthenshire vs Wales
Table 17.13 Tourism and visitor attractions within study area
Table 17.14 Activities undertaken within study area
Table 17.15 Tourism accommodation: serviced and non-serviced
Table 17.16 Tourism accommodation: bed spaces by category
Table 17.17 Tourism accommodation within study area
Table 17.18 Receptors
Table 17.19 Worst case scenario
Table 17.20 Embedded mitigation relating to socio-economics, recreation and tourism
Table 17.21 Access routes that enter into LoD and are crossed by Proposed Development
Table 17.22 Consented and proposed projects within 1km study area of LoD considered for cumulative impacts
Table 17.23 Summary of predicted socio-economic, recreation and tourism impacts of the Proposed Development
Figures
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Figure 17.1 Access, recreation and tourism baseline, Maps 1 to 12
Appendices
Appendix 17.1 Review of socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessments
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17 Socio-economics, recreation and tourism
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 This chapter presents an assessment of the potential socio-economic impacts arising from the construction and operation of the Proposed Development. Potential impacts considered within this chapter include access and recreation and tourism.
17.1.2 The socio-economic impacts arising from decommissioning of the Proposed Development have been scoped out.
17.1.3 The assessment is based on the Proposed Development details as presented in Chapter 2 ‘The Proposed Scheme’.
17.1.4 The socio-economic, recreation and tourism impact assessment chapter draws upon the information and conclusions presented in a number of other chapters, namely:
. Chapter 8 Land use, agriculture and forestry;
. Chapter 9 Landscape and visual;
. Chapter 11 Cultural heritage;
. Chapter 14 Noise and vibration; and
. Chapter 16 Transport and access.
17.1.5 The socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment undertaken as part of the EIA is desk-based. There are no UK regulations or standards to guide a socio- economic impact assessment and therefore the assessment has been informed by professional experience and knowledge. Nevertheless, the principles of the assessment structure have been based on “Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment in the USA” (Interorganizational Committee for the Guidelines
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and Principles for Social Impact Assessment, 2003), as well as Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Department for Transport (DfT, 2008), in order to provide a degree of robustness. See paragraph 17.4.1, paragraphs 17.4.12 to 17.4.15, and Tables 17.3 to 17.5 for detail as to how these guidelines have informed the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment. At the time of writing, this approach is being agreed with CCC.
17.1.6 The following sections of this chapter include:
. A summary of relevant legislation and planning policy;
. A summary of consultation with stakeholders;
. A description of the methodology for the assessment, including details of the study area and the approach to the assessment of effects;
. A review of baseline (existing) conditions;
. An assessment of the likely effects for the construction and operational phases of the Proposed Development;
. Identification of any mitigation measures or monitoring required in relation to likely significant effects; and
. Assessment of any cumulative effects with other proposed developments.
17.2 Legislation and policy context
17.2.1 A summary of relevant legislation, criteria and standards as well as national, regional and local policy is included here. Further discussion on policy is provided within Chapter 3.
National Policy
National Policy Statements
17.2.2 The Planning Act 2008 requires that when deciding an application the decision-
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maker must have regard to the relevant National Policy Statement (in addition to the local impact report and other matters). NPS provide the primary policy basis for the consideration of nationally significant infrastructure projects. National Policy Statement EN-1 is the overarching national policy statement for energy whilst National Policy Statement EN-5 is specific to Electricity Networks Infrastructure.
Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1)
17.2.3 Part 5 of the NPS provides policy and guidance on socio-economics.
17.2.4 Section 5.12 of the NPS states, at paragraph 5.12.2 that “where the project is likely to have socio-economic impacts at local or regional levels, the applicant should undertake and include in their application an assessment of these impacts as part of the ES.”
17.2.5 For the applicant’s assessment paragraph 15.12.3 of the NPS states the assessment should consider all relevant socio-economic impacts, which may include:
. “The creation of jobs and training opportunities;
. The provision of additional local services and improvement to local infrastructure;
. Effects on tourism;
. The impact of a changing influx of workers during the different construction, operation and decommissioning phases of energy infrastructure; and
. Cumulative effects.
17.2.6 A comprehensive baseline of socio-economic baseline conditions is included within this chapter. This baseline has informed the assessment of effects. Paragraph 5.12.5 of the NPS records that applicants should be aware that other impacts including visual may also have an impact on tourism and local
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businesses.
17.2.7 In relation to mitigation the decision-maker should consider any relevant positive provisions the developer has made or is proposing to make to mitigate impacts. Consideration should be given to any legacy benefits and options for phasing the development.
National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
17.2.8 The National Policy Statement for Electricity Networks Infrastructure EN-5 does not provide technology-specific guidance in relation to the socio-economics.
Other Planning Policy
17.2.9 Whilst the NPS provide the primary basis for the determination of applications for development consent the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These may include other national and local planning policy.
Wales Spatial Plan Update 2008
17.2.10 The Wales Spatial Plan identifies six sub-regions within Wales. The Proposed Development sits at the eastern edge of the ‘Pembroke – The Haven’ sub-region. The policy advice contained within the Plan has been taken into consideration in the preparation of this chapter.
Planning Policy Wales (ed7) (July 2014)
17.2.11 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) contains guidance considered relevant to the scope of the environmental assessment. PPW is supported by a number of Technical Advice Notes (TANs).
PPW Chapter 4 Planning for Sustainability
17.2.12 PPW sets out that the planning system is necessary and central to achieving sustainable development, which is identified as having three dimensions:
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economic, social, and environmental. Paragraph 4.3.2 of PPW sets out the 11 principles which should underpin plan-making and decision-taking. Paragraph 4.4.3 sets out the 19 sustainability objectives derived from these principles. It identifies that planning should proactively drive and support sustainable economic development to deliver infrastructure; and always seek a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings.
PPW Chapter 7 Economic Development
17.2.13 Chapter 7 of PPW considers Economic Development. Paragraph 7.1.3 states that the planning system should support economic and employment growth alongside social and environmental consideration within the context of sustainable development. Part 7.4 relates to promoting the low carbon economy, business and technology clusters and social enterprises. It states that local planning authorities should support the shift towards a low carbon economy and be favourable for new on-site low carbon energy generation.
17.2.14 Part 7.6 provides policy guidance on ‘Development Management and the economy’, highlighting local planning authorities should adopt a positive and constructive approach to applications for economic development. Key factors will include the numbers and types of jobs expected to be created or retained on the site; how far development will redress economic disadvantage or support regeneration priorities and wider spatial strategies.
Technical Advice Note 23 Economic Development (2014)
17.2.15 This TAN sets out the recognition contained within the national planning system that planning decisions are made in a sustainable way which should balance social, environmental and economic considerations. The TAN does not contain policy advice relevant to transmission lines but it does recognise at paragraph 1.1.4 that economic development can include for infrastructure but that non-Class B use and activities are often covered by other TANs which make take precedence to this TAN.
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17.2.16 Chapter 2 provides criteria against which the economic benefit of a development proposal can be considered.
Other National Policy Documents
Rural Development Programme for Wales (2014-2020)
17.2.17 The Rural Development Programme (RDP) is a seven-year European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) programme funded by the European Union and Welsh Government. The Wales 2014-2020 RDP was submitted to the European Commission in July 2014 and a decision is awaited with regard to funding. With funding, the RDP will contribute to improving businesses within forested areas and rural locations, and promote strong, sustainable rural economic growth in Wales and encourage greater community-led local development (Welsh Government, 2014).
Green Jobs Strategy for Wales (2009)
17.2.18 This strategy “…provides an important delivery mechanism for [the] Sustainable Development Scheme, One Wales: One Planet…” (Welsh Government, 2009b). The strategy aims to increase and improve the resilience of business, economy and jobs in Wales to financial and environmental changes, to make it a more sustainable economy overall.
Local Policy
17.2.19 Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) are not subject to s38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004), which states that determination of planning consent should be in accordance with the local development plan. Local planning policy does not therefore set the tests for the acceptability of NSIPs. However, as previously noted the decision-maker can consider other matters which it considers both important and relevant to its decisions. These matters may include local planning policy.
17.2.20 The proposed development falls wholly within the boundary of Carmarthenshire
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County Council. As such, due consideration has also been given to the relevant policies in the adopted Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (UDP) and the emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). It is anticipated that the latter document will be adopted by the end of December 2014. Those policies which are considered relevant to the scope of this chapter are listed below and they are summarised in Chapter 7 of this draft ES.
Carmarthenshire Unitary Development Plan (Adopted 2006)
1.1.1 The relevant policies are listed below:
. CUDP 9 Landscape/ Environment
. CUDP 10 Amenity/ Open Space
. CUDP 11 Leisure
. GDC2 Overall Development Policy
. GDC7 Open Space and Amenity Areas
. GDC33 Community Benefits
. REC7 Protection of Recreational Open Space
. REC9 Urban Woodlands and Community Forests
. REC10 Rights of Way
Emerging Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan Composite Plan (October 2013)
1.1.2 The relevant policies are listed below:
. SP1 Sustainable Places and Spaces
. GP3 Planning Obligations
. GP1 Sustainability and High Quality Design
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. GP4 Infrastructure and New Development
. REC1 Protection of Open Space
17.2.21 Local plan policy is consistent with national planning policy and highlights that socio-economic issues will be taken into consideration when determining applications.
Policy Conclusions
17.2.22 The Planning Act 2008 requires that the decision-maker must decide an application for energy infrastructure in accordance with the relevant NPSs. NPS EN-1 provides policy and guidance pertaining to the socio economic matters and as such has informed both the scope of this chapter and the importance accorded to receptors. The decision-maker may also take into account other matters, which may include national and local planning policy. Relevant national and local planning policy has been reviewed and has informed the scope of the assessment presented within this chapter.
Legislation
17.2.23 There is no legislation relevant to socio-economic recreation and tourism assessment in the UK.
17.3 Consultation and scoping overview
17.3.1 A Scoping Opinion for the Proposed Development was issued by The Secretary of State in August 2014. The issues to be scoped in and out of the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment were indicated in the Scoping Opinion, and subsequently agreed via follow up consultation with CCC (see Table 17.2 for detail). The agreed scope of the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment is presented in Table 17.1.
Table 17.1 – Agreed scope of socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment
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Development Phase Issues scoped in Issues scoped out
Construction Access Employment and economic activity Recreation and tourism (see para 17.3.3)
Operation Recreation and tourism Employment and economic activity (see para 17.3.3) Access
Decommissioning None All issues scoped out in relation to decommissioning phase
17.3.2 The issue of land use is addressed in full detail in Chapter 8 rather than in the socio-economic, recreation and tourism chapter.
17.3.3 Employment and economic activity is scoped out of the socio-economics, recreation and tourism assessment. It has been scoped out due to the fact that the impact on local, regional and national employment is not considered to be significant in EIA terms for the following reasons:
. The construction of the connection route will support a small number of jobs for the duration of the construction period (typical construction team may comprise around a dozen people);
. The construction contract will be awarded by way of competitive contract and it will be the contractor’s responsibility to source workers; and
. Construction of overhead wooden pole lines is highly specialised and therefore requires suitably skilled and experienced workers to undertake the work.
17.3.4 Despite the fact that employment and economic activity is agreed to be scoped out of the assessment, construction personnel will be procured by WPD, which will require a specialist skill set. Maintenance that will be undertaken during the operational phase will be undertaken by the local depot to the relevant location. WPD is a large employer in the local area, and the available local workforce will be called upon to undertake work whenever possible.
17.3.5 Table 17.2 summarises the issues relevant to the socio-economic, recreation and
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tourism chapter that have been highlighted by consultees and indicates how these issues have been addressed within this chapter or how the applicant has had regard to them. Full details of all consultation in relation to the Proposed Development will be set out as part of the Development Consent Order (DCO) submission.
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Table 17.2 – Summary of consultation relating to socio-economics, recreation and tourism assessment
Date and Consultation and issue raised Section where comment addressed consultation phase/type
June, 2014 Informal 1 km study area acceptable and proportionate for this project The study area of 1 km proposed in the draft Pre Scoping scoping report chapter has been retained for the Consultation with socio-economic, recreation and tourism impact Carmarthenshire assessment. County Council Contact CCC Tourism Manager Huw Parsons - 01554 744326 for Huw Parsons is being consulted with at present to reports and stats. Also see Socio-Economic reports submitted with obtain his input to the baseline. Brechfa West, East and Bryn Llywelyn ES and SEI as they contain useful stats (e.g. number of bed spaces in the area etc). Also Information submitted relating to socio-economics, Cambrian Mountain Initiative. Also the work done by Save Mynydd recreation and tourism in Brechfa West, East and Llanllwni action group and submitted as a rep to the application Bryn Llywelyn ES and SEI, and work done by Save contains some important data. Mynydd Llanllwni Action Group has been used to inform the baseline for the Proposed Development, where relevant.
Cambrian Mountain Initiative is being consulted with
at present to include any relevant information in the baseline.
Also include UDP as LDP unlikely to be adopted till late 2014 / early Unitary Development Plan (UDP) policies relevant to 2015. Refer also to the new TAN on economic development and socio-economics, recreation and tourism are Rural Development Plan presented in this draft ES chapter.
The community led initiative referred to is the Cambrian Mountain Reference to the Cambrian Mountain Initiative (CMI) Initiative. was added to the Scoping Report. CMI is being consulted with at present to obtain any relevant contribution to the baseline.
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Are the ‘Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment’ The methodology takes guidance from both the acceptable for EIA. Is it acknowledged that these are sufficiently Interorganisational Committee for the Guidelines robust? What have other grid projects referred to? and Principles of Social Impact Assessment (2003) and DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 8: Pedestrians, Cyclists, Equestrians and Community Effects. This has been agreed with CCC.
Will the effect on local employment opportunities be quantified with It is acknowledged in the Scoping Report that the data? impact on employment is not predicted to be significant in EIA terms. However, a commitment is made to provide commentary relating to employment including the use of local workforce and appropriate skills sets in the ES chapter. This detail is presented in paragraphs 17.3.3 and 17.3.4.
Have camping and touring sites been scoped, in addition to those Camping and touring sites which are located within with a 5 tourer and 10 tent licence which are exempt from planning the LoD, and within the wider study area (1km permission. Suggest you contact the Caravan and Camping club. buffer) are identified as far as is possible from desk- based review. Consultation with relevant organisations is being undertaken to include any further camping and touring sites that were not identified through desk-based research. Consultation with The Caravan Club, Camping and Caravan Club and Carmarthenshire Tourism Association, among others, is being undertaken at present to clarify this information for use in the baseline.
Unclear how will the impact be assessed and what measures will Further detail regarding the methodology was be used? Suggest more detail provided in scoping report. provided in the Scoping Report.
Consider including data on other grid connection projects and also A commitment was made in the Scoping Report to refer to ES’ for best practice on assessment methodology. review the methodologies of other socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessments for other grid connection projects. This is presented in section 17.4 of this chapter. In addition, information relevant to the study area for
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the Proposed Development in baselines of other ESs has been used in the baseline presented in section 17.5 of this chapter.
Some commentary and recognition required on the cumulative A statement relating to cumulative socio-economic, impact of the grid connection with the other SSA G developments. recreation and tourism impacts was made in the Scoping Report. However, this has been reviewed during the preparation of the impact assessment and further text relating to cumulative impacts is presented in section 17.11 of this chapter.
Consider Green Jobs Strategy for Wales (2009). Reference to Green Jobs Strategy for Wales (Welsh Government, 2009b) is provided in the socio- economic, recreation and tourism chapter of the Scoping Report. It is also referenced in 17.2 of the ES.
Include assessment of local supply chain that would be involved in Reference is made to employment and sourcing of project (poles, wiring, conductors) – indirect impacts. employees and materials in the socio-economic, recreation and tourism chapter of the Scoping Report. It is acknowledged in the Scoping Report that the impact on employment is not predicted to be significant in EIA terms. However, a commitment is made to provide commentary relating to employment including the use of local workforce and skills sets in the ES chapter. This detail is presented in paragraphs 17.3.3 and 17.3.4.
Scoping Opinion Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.35. The Secretary of State does not Recreation and tourism are scoped into the (August 2014) agree that socio-economic impacts in terms of tourism and assessment (see section 17.6 and 17.7). Secretary of State recreation during construction can be scoped out of the EIA given the lack of information as to the locations, extents and durations of construction and associated works.
Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.36. The Secretary of State agrees Employment and access during operational phase that an assessment of employment, land use and access during are scoped out of the assessment. Land use is operation can be scoped out of the EIA, although would expect addressed in a separate chapter (see Chapter 8).
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Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.95. Welcomes the approach to Linkages between socio-economics, recreation and considering the potential overlap between assessment of socio- tourism and other environmental issues are economic effects and other technical chapters, including land use, considered in this chapter (see section 17.6, 17.7 landscape and visual, air quality, noise, transport and access and and 17.11 for detail). electromagnetic fields (EMF).
Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.95. There is no established EIA The methodology takes guidance from both the methodology for the assessment of socio-economic effects in the Interorganisational Committee for the Guidelines UK. The proposed approach in following guidance from the and Principles of Social Impact Assessment (2003) Interorganisational Committee for the Guidelines and Principles of and DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 8: Social Impact Assessment (2003) should be agreed with the Pedestrians, Cyclists, Equestrians and Community relevant consultees together with the merits of applying this Effects. This has been agreed with CCC. methodology over others which may be considered appropriate, e.g. DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 8: Pedestrians, Cyclists, Equestrians and Community Effects. Recommendation for clarity in assigning specific feature sensitivities and magnitudes of effects to identified receptors and expectation for appropriate justification in both instances.
Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.96. Recommendation that the A methodology which is appropriate and applicant considers the need to supplement desk-based information proportionate to the scale and nature of the with field-based surveys at sensitive locations, for example PROW Proposed Development has been proposed and usage surveys at nationally / regionally important locations, or agreed with CCC. This does not include field-based provide justifications as to the validity of assessment conclusions in surveys undertaken specifically associated with the absence of field-based data. socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment. However, information recorded by technical personnel who have undertaken site work for other environmental assessments has been collated and used to build the baseline presented in section 17.5.
Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.97. Need to acknowledge and A distinction between temporary and permanent distinguish between effects which will be temporary and those impacts is made in sections 17.6, 17.7, 17.11 and which will be permanent across the range of identified receptors. 17.12.
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Scoping Opinion, paragraph 3.98. Appropriate cross-reference Linkages between socio-economics, recreation and should be made within the socio-economic assessment to the tourism and landscape and visual and cultural assessment of landscape and visual and cultural heritage effects heritage issues are considered in this chapter (see and that the potential adverse effects are assessed in terms of the section 17.6, 17.7 and 17.11 for detail). tourist industry and recreational activity.
Scoping Opinion, paragraph 4.19. It is a matter for the applicant to Public health impacts are assessed as necessary in decide whether or not to submit a stand-alone Health Impact the respective Geology, Hydrology and Ground Assessment (HIA). However, the applicant should have regard to Conditions, Noise, and Air Quality assessments and the responses received from the relevant consultees regarding presented within the ES. The scope of the socio- health, and in particular to the comments from the Health and economic, recreation and tourism assessment does Safety Executive and Public Health England in relation to electrical not include risk to health. This scope has been safety issues (see Appendix 2). The methodology for the HIA, if agreed by Planning Inspectorate and by prepared, should be agreed with the relevant statutory consultees Carmarthenshire County Council through issue of and take into account mitigation measures for acute risks. the Scoping Report and subsequent receipt of the scoping opinion. The overall proposed approach to public health is considered proportionate to the potential impacts of the proposed development. This is being agreed with PHE at the time of writing.
August 2014 Scoping Scoping Report, section 15.3.1. 1km study area acceptable and The study area of 1km proposed in the draft scoping Opinion proportionate for this project. report chapter has been retained for the socio- Carmarthenshire economic, recreation and tourism impact County Council assessment. (CCC) Scoping Report, section 15.5.2. What's the LDF? Should this be the The LDP should have been referred to rather than Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP). This has yet to LDF. This is covered as necessary in the planning be adopted so the existing UDP is the extant local plan currently in statement. force. The LDP is forecast for adoption later this year.
Scoping Report, Table 15.1. Also include the UDP as LDP unlikely Unitary Development Plan (UDP) policies are to be adopted till late 2014. Refer also to the new TAN on presented in this draft ES chapter. economic development and the Rural Development.
Scoping Report, Table 15.4. Can the number of bed spaces be A review of similar projects and the scopes of their refined for the 1km study area? respective socio-economic impact assessments has indicated that this level of detail has not been
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undertaken for this scale of development. We have reviewed the potential approaches to this issue a number of times to date. As a result of this review, it is considered that this issue is not material to the assessment and application. We propose that a refinement of the exact number of bed spaces within 1km of the Proposed Development is not included as part of the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment, and that this approach is proportionate to the scale of the proposed development. A review of similar projects and the scopes of their respective socio-economic impact assessments has indicated that this level of detail has not been undertaken for this scale of development. We have reviewed the potential approaches to this issue a number of times to date. As a result of this review, it is considered that this issue is not material to the assessment and application. We propose that a refinement of the exact number of bed spaces within 1km of the Proposed Development is not included as part of the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment, and that this approach is proportionate to the scale of the proposed development. This has been agreed to with CCC.
Scoping Report, section 15.7.3. Are the 'Guidelines and Principles The methodology takes guidance from both the for Social Impact Assessment' acceptable for EIA. Is it Interorganisational Committee for the Guidelines acknowledged that these are sufficiently robust? What have other and Principles of Social Impact Assessment (2003) grid project referred to? and DMRB Volume 11 Section 3 Part 8: Pedestrians, Cyclists, Equestrians and Community Effects. This has been agreed with CCC. A full review of the methodologies used in other similar projects is presented in section 17.4 of this chapter.
Scoping Report, Table 15.5. Examples of the receptor locations A review of the receptors considered in this section should be provided in order to provide greater understanding of the is presented in section 17.6 and Table 17.18 in
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Brechfa Forest Connection Draft Environmental Statement – Volume 1 assessment methodology used to assess "sensitivity". particular.
Scoping Report, section 15.8.2, Will the effect on local employment It is acknowledged in the Scoping Report that the opportunities be quantified with data? impact on employment is not predicted to be significant in EIA terms. However, a commitment is made to provide commentary relating to employment including the use of local workforce and skills sets in the ES chapter. This detail is presented in paragraphs 17.3.3 and 17.3.4.
Scoping Report, section 15.8.6. Have camping and touring sites Camping and touring site which are located within been scoped, in addition to those with a 5 tourer and 10 tent licence the LoD, and within the wider study area (1km which are exempt from planning permission. Suggest you contact buffer) are identified as far as is possible from desk- the Caravan and Camping club. based review. Consultation with relevant organisations is being undertaken to include any further camping and touring sites that were not identified through desk-based research. Consultation with The Caravan Club, Camping and Caravan Club and Carmarthenshire Tourism Association, among others, is being undertaken at present to clarify this information for use in the baseline.
Scoping Report, section 15.8.12. Unclear how the impact will be Full detail regarding the methodology is presented in assessed and what measures will be used to assess the significant section 17.4 of this chapter. on tourism and recreation?
Scoping Report, no specific section ref: Consider including data on A commitment was made in the Scoping Report to other grid connection projects and also refer to ES for best practice review the methodologies of other socio-economic, on assessment methodology. recreation and tourism assessments for other grid connection projects. This is presented in section 17.4 of this chapter.
In addition, information relevant to the study area for the Proposed Development in baselines of other ESs has been used in the baseline presented in section 17.5 of this chapter.
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Scoping Report, so specific section ref: Consider Green Jobs Reference to Green Jobs Strategy for Wales (2009) Strategy for Wales (2009). is provided in the socio-economic, recreation and tourism chapter of the Scoping Report. It is also referenced in 17.2.16 of the ES.
Scoping Report, so specific section ref: Some commentary and Consideration of cumulative effects is presented in recognition required on the cumulative impact of the grid connection section 17.11. with other SSA G developments.
Scoping Report, so specific section ref: Include assessment of local Reference is made to employment and sourcing of supply chain that would be involved in project (poles, wiring, employees and materials in the socio-economic, conductors) - indirect impacts. recreation and tourism chapter of the Scoping Report. It is acknowledged in the Scoping Report that the impact on employment is not predicted to be significant in EIA terms. However, a commitment is made to provide a definitive number of employment opportunities created and detail any proactive measures proposed by WPD to encourage the use of local employment and the augmentation of local skills sets in the ES chapter.
Scoping Opinion Scoping Opinion. The proposed design and future operations must This issue is addressed in Chapter 18, ‘Electric and (August 2014) comply with the Electricity at Work 1989 and the Electricity, Safety, Magnetic Fields’ (EMF). Health and Safety Continuity and Quality Regulations 2002 as amended. Generators, Executive distributors, their contractors and others have defined duties in order to protect members of the public from the dangers posed by the electrical equipment used. HSE enforces the safety aspects of these regulations.
Scoping Opinion Scoping Opinion. PHE requests that the EIA identifies and Public health impacts are assessed as necessary in (August 2014) assesses potential public health impacts of the activities at, and the respective Geology, Hydrology and Ground Public Health emissions from, the installation. Assessment should consider the Conditions, Noise, and Air Quality assessments and England development during construction, operation and decommissioning presented within the ES. The scope of the socio- phases. In line with the EIA Directive, the EIA should describe economic, recreation and tourism assessment does aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected, not include risk to health. This scope has been including the "population". The EIA should provide sufficient agreed by Planning Inspectorate and by information for PHE to fully assess the potential impact of the Carmarthenshire County Council through issue of
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development on public health. PHE will only consider information the Scoping Report and subsequent receipt of the contained or references in a separate section of the ES scoping opinion. The overall proposed approach to summarising the impact of the proposed development on public public health is considered proportionate to the health: summarising risk assessments, proposed mitigation potential impacts of the proposed development. This measures, and residual impacts. This section should summarise is being agreed with PHE at the time of writing. key information and conclusions relating to human health impacts contained in other sections of the application (e.g. in the separate sections dealing with: air quality, emissions to water, waste, contaminated land, etc), without undue duplication. PHE's advice and recommendations carry no statutory weight and constitute non- binding guidance.
Scoping Opinion. Human health risk assessment (chemical pollutants). The points below are cross-cutting and should be considered when undertaking a human health risk assessment: - The promoter should consider including Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) numbers alongside chemical names, where references in the ES. - Where available, the most recent United Kingdom standards for the appropriate media (e.g. air, water, and/or soil) and health- based guidelines values should be used when quantifying the risk to human health from chemical pollutants. Where UK standards or guideline values are not available, those recommended by the European Union or World Health Organisation can be used. - When assessing the human health risk of a chemical from other sources should be taken into account. - When quantitatively assessing the health risk of genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical pollutants PHE does not favour the use of mathematical models to extrapolate from high dose levels used in animal carcinogenicity studies to well below the observed region of a dose-response relationship. When only animal data are available, we recommend that the 'Margin of Exposure' (MOE) approach is used.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to Planning Department at CCC as a follow up Correspondence is underway at present. The ES scoping, follow-up to the CCC Scoping response. Within the letter, a number of items chapter will be updated to align with the agreements consultation, were discussed and requested comment or agreement. Items reached during this correspondence and be Carmarthenshire discussed include; Socio economic guidelines, number of bed presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. County Council spaces, access, recreation and tourism and employment and
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economic activity.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to the tourism department at CCC requesting Correspondence is underway at present. The ES scoping, follow-up information on constraints and features within the study area. In chapter will be updated to align with the information consultation, addition, a copy of the results of the CCC consultation exercise of provided by Huw Parsons during this Carmarthenshire the users of Brechfa Forest around the time that the Brechfa West correspondence and be presented in the final, County Council, wind farm application was being prepared has been requested. submitted ES chapter. Tourism Department
October 2014 Post- Correspondence was initiated with Visit Wales in October 2014 to Visit Wales indicated that they did not think that this scoping, informal request comment on the baseline for the socio-economic, was relevant to their remit and redirected to Cadw. consultation, Visit recreation and tourism assessment. Correspondence with Cadw has been initiated and is Wales underway.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to Cadw requesting information on any Correspondence with Cadw is underway at present. scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, The ES chapter will be updated to align with the consultation, Cadw features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation agreements reached during this correspondence and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to WTA requesting information on any Correspondence with WTA is underway at present. scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, The ES chapter will be updated to align with the consultation, Wales features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation agreements reached during this correspondence Tourism Alliance and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. (WTA)
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to CTA requesting information on any Correspondence with CTA is underway at present. scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular; access, The ES chapter will be updated to align with the consultation, recreation and tourism. In addition, further clarification has been agreements reached during this correspondence Carmarthenshire requested on aspects of the data discussed within the CTA report and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. Tourism Association (Report from Carmarthenshire Tourist Association on the potential (CTA) impact on the proposed wind farm development at Brechfa West) dated 11th July 2014. Furthermore, CTA’s agreement is required that the spatial focus of the report is directed at Brechfa West rather than Brechfa Forest Connection Study Area.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to BALM requesting information on any Correspondence with BALM is underway at present. scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, The ES chapter will be updated to align with the
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Brechfa Forest Connection Draft Environmental Statement – Volume 1 consultation, features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation agreements reached during this correspondence Brechfa Forest and and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. Llanllwni Mountain Tourist Cluster Association (BALM)
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to Camping and Caravanning Club requesting Correspondence with the Camping and Caravanning scoping, informal information on any constraints and features within the study area. In Club is underway at present. The ES chapter will be consultation, particular, features and attractions which are considered to be of updated to align with the agreements reached during Camping and recreation and tourism interest. this correspondence and be presented in the final, Caravanning Club submitted ES chapter.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to the Caravan Club requesting information on Correspondence with the Caravan Club is underway scoping, informal any constraints and features within the study area. In particular, at present. The ES chapter will be updated to align consultation, The features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation with the agreements reached during this Caravan Club and tourism interest. correspondence and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter.
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to the CMI requesting information on any Correspondence with the CMI is underway at scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, present. The ES chapter will be updated to align with consultation, The features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation the agreements reached during this correspondence Cambrian Initiative and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. (CMI)
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to the RA requesting information on any Correspondence with the RA is underway at scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, present. The ES chapter will be updated to align with consultation, features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation the agreements reached during this correspondence Ramblers and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter. Association (RA)
October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to the NRW requesting information on the Correspondence with NRW is underway at present. scoping, informal following items: The ES chapter will be updated to align with the consultation, Natural Latest third party access logs for Brechfa Forest; information provided by NRW during this Resources Wales Information relation to any annual events held within the correspondence and be presented in the final, (NRW) forest; and submitted ES chapter. Any features of access, recreation and tourism interest which are within the study area.
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October 2014 Post- A letter was issued to Sustrans requesting information on any Correspondence with Sustrans is underway at scoping, informal constraints and features within the study area. In particular, present. The ES chapter will be updated to align with consultation, features and attractions which are considered to be of recreation the agreements reached during this correspondence Sustrans and tourism interest. and be presented in the final, submitted ES chapter.
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17.4 Assessment methodology
Study Methodology
17.4.1 There is currently no established EIA methodology for the assessment of socio- economic impacts in the UK. Assessments are therefore undertaken using professional experience and knowledge. However, in order to provide a degree of robustness to the assessment, the following guidance has been used: “Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment” (Interorganizational Committee for the Guidelines and Principles and Social Impact Assessment, 2003). These guidelines follow the stages of an EIA. In addition, the guidelines present a wide range of topics which relate to socio-economics and can have potential impacts as a result of a development during different development stages. Therefore, the use of the guidelines facilitates a broad approach to the consideration of the potential receptors and potential impacts which are subsequently included within the scope of the assessment. At the time of writing, this approach is being agreed with CCC.
17.4.2 In accordance with National Policy Statement EN-1 (paragraph 5.12.4) the prevailing social and economic conditions relevant to the scope of the assessment have been collated for the administrative council area within which the study area is situated and the wider context of Great Britain or the United Kingdom (UK) (depending on the dataset). Baseline conditions are described and reference is made as to how the development’s socio-economic impacts correlate with planning policy.
17.4.3 The baseline socio-economic analysis draws on relevant national, regional and local datasets providing information on baseline conditions. The sources and dates that the baseline information was published has been stated where relevant. The most up to date information available has been used for the assessment, wherever possible. Further checks will be made during the course of the assessment to ensure that all relevant information is included in the final ES.
17.4.4 Information on baseline conditions has been collated in relation to:
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. Access; and
. Recreation and tourism.
17.4.5 In working up the methodology for the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment for the Proposed Development, a review of other projects has been undertaken to inform the scope. The projects include those that are similar in type to the Proposed Development, i.e. grid connections, and those that are located in a similar area to the Proposed Development. As such, the projects that have been included in this review and used to inform the scope of the assessment are as follows:
. New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation – reviewed due to being a 132kV grid connection, which is the same as Brechfa Forest Electrical Connection project and is located within Mid Wales;
. SP Mid Wales Grid Connection – reviewed due to being a 132kV grid connection, and is located within Mid Wales;
. National Grid Mid Wales Connection Project - reviewed due to its location within Mid Wales;
. Brechfa West Wind Farm – reviewed due to its location within Mid Wales;
. Brechfa East Wind Farm – reviewed due to its location within Mid Wales; and
. Bryn Llywelyn Wind Farm – reviewed due to its location within Mid Wales.
17.4.6 A summary of the methodologies, scope of impact assessments and proposed mitigation (if required) for the socio-economic assessments of each of these projects is presented in Appendix 17.1. A comment is also provided against each reviewed project to indicate how that assessment has informed the Proposed Development’s socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment. As the scope of this assessment is access, recreation and tourism, these are the only aspects which are reviewed within the named projects in paragraph 17.4.5.
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17.4.7 Informed by the review of the projects named in paragraph 17.4.5, and informed by the scoping opinion received from the Secretary of State, an overview of the methodology for this socio-economic, recreation and tourism impact assessment is as follows:
. Stage 1: study area is identified which is deemed to be appropriate to the scale and location of the Proposed Development;
. Stage 2: baseline collation involves a number of sub-tasks. Firstly, a desk- based review of information held within the public domain, such as aerial photography, studies of projects in similar locations, identification of relevant interest groups and organisations is undertaken. Secondly, post-scoping, informal consultation with relevant interest groups and organisations is undertaken to obtain their comment on access, and features of recreational and tourism interest that should be included in the baseline. Thirdly, the baseline is fully collated encompassing information obtained through secondary sources and through consultation. Finally, receptors are identified within the study area based on the fully collated baseline;
. Stage 3: Impact assessment through identification of magnitude of impact against sensitivity rating of receptors, to reveal significance;
. Stage 4: Proposal of appropriate and proportionate mitigation measures, if significant impacts identified;
. Stage 5: Identification of residual effects taking into consideration the mitigation measures proposed; and
. Stage 6: Cumulative impact assessment in relation to socio-economic, recreation and tourism impacts.
17.4.8 Further detail relating to each of these stages is presented below.
Stage 1: Identification of study area
17.4.9 The assessment study area is 1km from the edge of the LoD of the Proposed
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Development. This was confirmed to be appropriate to the scale and extent of the Proposed Development through receipt of the Scoping Opinion.
17.4.10 The 1 km study area falls entirely within CCC. The lowest tier of local government in Wales is referred to as a ‘Community’. Each has its own council. The community level is the smallest electoral scale for which census data is collected in Wales. There are 12 community areas which are covered by the study area. As issues of employment and economic activity have been scoped out of the assessment, census data at the community level is not presented as part of the baseline.
17.4.11 In terms of socio-economic features, the study area can be described in the same way as the landscape character descriptions (see Chapter 9):
. Rolling pastoral countryside with sparse settlement (small villages and farmsteads) at the southern section of the study area, as the route passes through the western fringes of the Gwendraeth Vales;
. Flat, open pastoral farmland with sparse settlement, generally scattered farmsteads as the route then passes north across the Towy valley;
. Agricultural land and a series of small settlements as the route passes thorough the Carmarthenshire Foothills; and
. Forestry, agricultural land and nucleated valley villages and frequent dispersed farmsteads as the route passes around the fringes of the Cambrian Mountain. Access routes of varying types and designations and features of recreation and tourism interest are present throughout the study area. Following a review of the initial baseline information collated, it appears that there is a greater concentration of access routes as the route of the Proposed Development heads north towards the Cambrian Mountains. This is true also for features of recreational and tourism interest. This summary will be reviewed and refined as necessary as further baseline information is collated.
17.4.12 This 1 km study area has been used to identify any access features, such as PROW, and any recreation and tourism features, such as tourism accommodation,
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tourism attraction, and recreation activities which might occur in that area. However, it is acknowledged that there may be an indirect impact of the proposed development on the tourism industry which may extend beyond the 1km study area. In order to enable a qualitative assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the wider tourism industry, the baseline includes a review of the visitor numbers and economic revenue generated by the tourism industry in the region and county, as far as publicly available data allows.
17.4.13 A more detailed description of the study area is presented in Chapter 2 (Section 2.2), and specific detail regarding access, recreation and tourism is presented in Section 17.5 ‘Baseline Environment’ of this chapter.
Stage 2: Baseline
17.4.14 A process of triangulation is used in order to build the baseline, using multiple sources to collate information. A desk-based review of a range of data sources has been undertaken. The most contemporary data available has been used to undertake the assessment. Local and regional planning documents and background studies, findings from associated consultation, and use of publicly available data has been used to define the baseline conditions across the study area. Secondary data sources include, but are not limited to:
. Local authority and statistics;
. Extant and emerging local plans and any associated tourism and leisure evidence base documents and papers, as well as high level tourism data (e.g. STEAM data);
. Carmarthenshire County Council (CCC) sources;
. Visit Wales;
. Cadw;
. Wales Tourism Alliance (WTA);
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. Carmarthenshire Tourist Association (CTA);
. Brechfa Forest and Llanllwni Mountain Tourism Cluster Association (BALM);
. Camping and Caravanning Club;
. The Caravan Club;
. Ramblers Association;
. NRW;
. Sustrans;
. Cambrian Mountain Initiative;
. Socio-economic and tourism studies and reports that have been prepared and submitted with recent development applications, including New 132kV Overhead Line from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation, SP Mid Wales (Electricity) Connection Project, Mid Wales Electricity Connection, Brechfa West Environmental Statement (ES), Brechfa East ES, Bryn Llywelyn ES and SEI, 132kV Overhead Line Between Legacy and Oswestry, and work undertaken by Save Mynydd Llanllwni Action Group.
17.4.15 Post-scoping, informal consultation is currently underway with those organisations and interest groups who have been identified as being relevant to the study area through the desk based review. The groups and organisations include:
. Cadw;
. WTA;
. CTA;
. BALM;
. Camping and Caravanning Club;
. The Caravan Club;
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. Ramblers Association;
. NRW; and
. Sustrans.
17.4.16 Information from these organisations should ensure that all relevant access, recreation and tourism features of interest are considered. Consultation with relevant interest groups and organisations is underway at the time of writing (end October 2014). Any responses received will be included in the final version of the ES which will be submitted for examination in 2015. Detail regarding the current status of consultation with these organisations is presented in Table 17.2 of this chapter.
17.4.17 The receptors considered to be relevant to the study area are identified using the baseline information obtained. At the time of writing, an indicative list of receptors has been identified on which the impact assessment presented in this draft ES document is based. This list will be reviewed and refined once consultation with the aforementioned organisations and groups is completed, and will be included in the final version of the chapter.
17.4.18 No field surveys have been undertaken specifically for socio-economics, recreation and tourism. However, field surveys have been undertaken for environmental topics whose conclusions have informed the socio-economic assessment. These include land use, agriculture and forestry (Chapter 8) landscape and visual (Chapter 9), cultural heritage (Chapter 11), and transport and access (Chapter 16).
17.4.19 See section 17.5 for the baseline.
Stage 3: Identification and assessment of impacts
17.4.20 As there is currently no established EIA methodology for the assessment of socio- economic impacts in the UK or guidance on defining significance criteria, the ‘Design Manual for Roads and Bridges’ (DMRB) produced by the Department for
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Transport (DfT) and published in 2008, has been used to guide the relevant receptor sensitivity and magnitude of impact criteria. The criteria used can refer to either beneficial or adverse effects. This has been stated within the impact assessment where applicable. At the time of writing, the approach is being agreed with CCC.
17.4.21 The assessment uses the following terms to describe the impacts:
. “Beneficial, Negligible or Adverse”;
. Impact significance level is defined as “Minor, Moderate or Major” – this relates to the definition of significance criteria stated in the Methodology Chapter;
. “Short, Medium or Long Term”;
. “Temporary or Permanent”;
. “Direct or Indirect”; and
. “Local level (within our order limits or neighbouring site); District level (e.g. Borough); Regional level (e.g. County); National level (Wales); International.
17.4.22 An assessment has been made of the significance of effects, taking into account the importance/ sensitivity of the receptor, the magnitude of impact, the duration/ persistence of the impact and the likelihood of the impact occurring. Details of the criteria adopted and definitions used are presented in Tables 17.3 and 17.4.
17.4.23 The impact ranking as a result of the importance/ sensitivity of the receptor versus the magnitude of the impact is taken from the matrix presented in Table 17.5. In Table 17.5, Moderate or Major impacts are defined as significant in EIA terms.
Table 17.3 – Sensitivity/ importance of the environment
Receptor sensitivity/ Description/reason importance
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Very high importance and rarity, international scale and very limited potential for substitution. In terms Very high of this chapter this would refer to the international economy.
High importance and rarity, national scale and limited potential for substitution. In terms of this High chapter this would refer to the national economy, tourist attractions of national importance, national cycle routes and national trails.
Medium importance and rarity, regional scale, limited potential for substitution. In terms of this chapter this would refer to the regional economy, Medium tourist attractions of regional importance, etc. Residential housing and settlements, and inhabitants affected. Recreational users and tourists.
Low or medium importance and rarity, local scale. In terms of this chapter this would refer to the local economy, tourist attractions of local importance, Low rural areas valued for their tranquillity, businesses that could be affected economically. Workers active within study area.
Very low importance and rarity, local scale. In terms of this chapter this would refer to other rural Very low areas and non-designated areas used for recreational purposes.
Table 17.4 – Magnitude of impact
Magnitude Definition (Adverse or Beneficial)
Adverse or beneficial irreversible, permanent impacts on the national, regional or local economy, tourism Very High and recreation. Irreversible, permanent social or cultural impacts at national, regional or local level.
Adverse or beneficial substantial permanent impacts High on the national or regional economy, tourism and recreation. Substantial, permanent impacts on the
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local economy. Substantial, permanent national, regional or local social or cultural impacts.
Adverse or beneficial temporary or permanent impacts on the national and regional economy, tourism and Medium recreation. Permanent impacts on the local economy. Temporary national, regional or local social or cultural impacts.
Adverse or beneficial temporary impacts on local economy. Undetectable impacts on the economy at Low regional or national scale. Negligible or undetectable social or cultural impacts at all scales.
Barely discernible or no loss or alteration of Very Low characteristics, features or elements; no observable impact in either direction (i.e. adverse or beneficial).
Table 17.5 – Impact Matrix
Magnitude of impact
Very High High Medium Low Very Low Very High Major Major Moderate Minor Minor High Major Moderate Minor Minor Negligible Medium Moderate Minor Minor Negligible Negligible
Low Minor Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible Receptorsensitivity Very Low Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible
17.4.24 The issues of socio-economics, access and recreation and tourism which are addressed as part of this assessment require information to be collated from the assessments of other environmental topics. This enables a full picture to be drawn and the subsequent ranking of impacts to be as fully informed as possible.
17.4.25 The relevant residual effects from other environmental assessments as listed are used to inform the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment:
. Chapter 8 Land use, agriculture and forestry;
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. Chapter 9 Landscape and visual;
. Chapter 11 Cultural heritage;
. Chapter 14 Noise and vibration; and
. Chapter 16 Transport and access.
17.4.26 Only those residual effects which are significant after mitigation are considered. This enables the identification of any combined residual effect which may have an impact on socio-economic, access and recreation and tourism receptors, and thus require further mitigation specific to this topic to minimise the significance.
Stage 4: Identification of mitigation measures
17.4.27 For any significant negative impacts identified, mitigation measures which are appropriate and proportionate are proposed (see section 17.9).
Stage 5: Residual effects
17.4.28 The residual effects are identified, taking into consideration the mitigation measures proposed. An indication as to whether these residual effects are significant in EIA terms is provided (see section 17.10).
Stage 6: Cumulative effects
17.4.29 The cumulative effects are considered in relation to a) interaction effects and b) in- combination effects with identified consented and proposed developments. See section 17.11 for detail, and Chapter 19.
Uncertainty and technical difficulties encountered
17.4.30 The assessment has relied on desk-based techniques to establish the prevailing socio-economic conditions of the study area, using available information, statistical evidence and projections gathered from publicly-available surveys and reports, and consultation with relevant organisations. All reasonable efforts have been made to use the most up to date information in the baseline.
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17.4.31 Professional judgement and experience has been used to determine the magnitude of impacts, sensitivity of receptors, and the resulting extent of likely impacts.
17.4.32 Where required, this judgement has included considering the worst case (precautionary principle) on which to base the assessment.
17.5 Baseline
17.5.1 The baseline for access, and recreation and tourism is presented in this section. The study area is described between paragraphs 17.4.9 and 17.4.13 of this chapter. Figure 17.1, Maps 1-12 present the identified baseline features along the Proposed Development, at a scale of 1:10,000.
Access
17.5.2 There are a number of publicly accessible (non-road) routes and land within the study area which enables access by foot, bicycle, horse and other forms of transport. The accessible routes and land which have been identified as being within or on the edge of the study area of this proposed development include:
. Open Country and Common Land;
. Public Rights of Way;
. County walks;
. Long Distance Footpaths;
. Cycle routes; and
. Other significant access routes (marked routes).
Open Country & Common Land
17.5.3 Under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (CRoW), the public can walk freely on mapped areas of mountain, moor, heath, downland and registered
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common land, known as open access land, without being restricted to paths.
17.5.4 There are two parcels of Registered Common Land, both are near to Carmarthen; to the east of A485 and the north of A40. Both of these land areas are classed as CROW land. See Figure 17.1, Maps 6 to view these parcels of land in the context of the proposed development.
Public Rights of Way
17.5.5 Within Carmarthenshire, there is an extensive network of Public Rights of Way (PROW). It is the third largest local authority network in Wales (CCC, 2007). Table 17.6 presents an overview of the classification of PROW, numbers and lengths which are located within Carmarthenshire, and the percentage of each classification compared to overall length of PROW within the network. This data is based on the Right of Way Improvement Plan (ROWIP) published by CCC in 2007.
Table 17.6 – PROW within Carmarthenshire
PROW classification Number of routes Length (km) Percentage of network length (%)
Footpath (on foot only) 2,981 2,086.7 93.3
Bridleway (on foot 122 85.4 3.8 horseback, pedal cycle)
Byway Open to All Traffic 92 64.4 2.9 (BOAT) (including motorised vehicles)
Total 3,195 2,236.5 100.0
Source: CCC, 2007
17.5.6 The definitive map of PROW within Carmarthenshire has been obtained from CCC for the preparation of the baseline for this assessment during 2014. The PRoWs are presented on Figure 17.1, Maps 1-12 which support this assessment.
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17.5.7 In total there are 123 PRoWs within the study area which amounts to 51 km. Of these, 16 are crossed by the Proposed Development. Table 17.7 presents a list of the PROW within the study area and which are crossed by the Proposed Development. This includes the PROW reference, the length within the LoD, and the pole references where the Proposed Development crosses the PROW. They are ordered from south to north along the proposed development route.
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Table 17.7 – PRoW within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
PRoW Length of No. of times PRoW Notes Figure reference route within Proposed type reference LoD (m) Development crosses route
29/20/1 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD between poles 10- Map 1 11.
29/10/1 26m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD between poles 34 Map 2/3 and 35 and then continues northwards to the east of poles 35-37 (within the study area).
28/15/1 30m 1 BOAT The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD directly north of pole Map 3/4 54.
28/20/2 25m 1 BOAT The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD directly south of pole Map 5 84. The PROW then veers south both east and west in line with pole 83 (within the study
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area).
28/20/1 31m 1 BOAT The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD at pole 86. The Map 5/6 PROW then veers south east, then south adjacent to poles 85 and 84 (within the study area).
2/1/1A 35m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD near Abergwili Map 6 Bridge where it is undergrounded.
2/8/1 3m 1 Footpath The PROW reaches its Figure 17.1, endpoint to the south Map 7 west of the LoD, directly south of pole 87.
55/PP2/1 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD, directly south of Map 7 pole 100.
27/32/1 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD north of pole 116. Map 8
27/14/1 22m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD south of pole 137, Map 9 and then heads eastwards.
26/8/1 4m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1,
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LoD south of pole 137, Map 9 but then veers northwards in a westerly direction.
26/9/1 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD, directly across pole Map 9 153.
26/11/2 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD between poles 156 Map 9/10 and 157.
27/5/1 25m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD between poles 167 Map 10 and 168 (but slightly closer to pole 167).
27/10/2 29m 1 Footpath The PROW crosses the Figure 17.1, LoD directly across pole Map 10/11 171.
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County Walks
17.5.8 There are a number of walks which are promoted by CCC and which fall within the study area. These include a walk named Bronwydd Country Walk, and another walk called the Towy Trail.
17.5.9 Bronwydd Country Walk is centred on the Gwili Valley and is split into areas A and B (CCC, Unknown). The route encircling area A is around 10.5km in length over undulating ground with some moderately steep inclines, and the walk encircling area B is hilly in places but is much shorter at only 3.5km in length. The literature that has been produced to advertise the walk and guide walkers indicates that “Much of the walking in the area is along surfaced tracks and country lanes that provide fine views along the Gwili Valley and the surrounding countryside”. Parts of the walks encircling areas A and B are within the study area. There are two sections of the walk encircling area B which is crossed by the Proposed Development, one just north of pole 99 and one around pole 102.
17.5.10 The study area covers a section of the Towy Trail. There is approximately 2.8km of the Towy Trail within the study area, as shown on Figure 17.1, Map 6. The LoD crosses the Towy Trail once within the underground section, just north of Abergwili Bridge.
17.5.11 Table 17.8 presents the key information relating to Country Walks which are crossed by the Proposed Development.
Table 17.8 – Promoted county walks within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
County Length of No. of times Notes Figure walk route Proposed reference reference within Development LoD (m) crosses route
Bronwydd 61m 2 The Promoted Figure 17.1, Country County Walk Map 7
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Walk crosses the LoD just north of pole 99. It then carries on north to the east of the LoD, and crosses the LoD again at pole 102.
Towy 2797m 1 The LoD crosses Figure 17.1, Trail Towy Trail once Map 6 within the underground section, just north of Abergwili Bridge.
Long Distance Footpaths
17.5.12 There are a number of Long Distance Footpaths that the study area covers, including the Cistercian Way, the Celtic Way and the Wales Coastal Path.
17.5.13 The Cistercian Way is a circular walk around Wales and covers approximately 602 miles, which is around 968km (LDWA, 2013). The start and finish point is Llantarnam, Cwmbran, Torfaen which is at the south east corner of the route. It is waymarked and encompasses a range of places and features of interest including around Wales (The Cistercian Way, 2013). The study area encompasses a section of the Cistercian Way, as shown on Figure 17.1, Maps 4 and 5. The Proposed Development crosses the Cistercian Way once.
17.5.14 The Celtic Way is a pioneering 725 mile route through western Britain, and winds its way through South Wales and the South West peninsula. The official starting point is Strumble Head in Pembroke, and the official end point is St Michael’s Mount in Cornwall. It enables walkers to visit more than 100 pre-historic sites (Long Distance Walkers Association, 2013; The Celtic Way, 2012). The study area encompasses a section of the Celtic Way, as shown on Figure 17.1, Maps 6 and 7. The Proposed Development crosses the Celtic Way once.
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17.5.15 The Wales Coastal Path is 1,400km in length and encompasses 8 geographical areas, one of which is Carmarthenshire. It has been developed by the Welsh Government in partnership with Natural Resources Wales, 16 local authorities and 2 National Parks. Part of the path relating to section number 6, Carmarthenshire, is encompassed within the study area, as can be seen on Figure 17.2, Map 2. This amounts to 0.4km. However, none of the Wales Coastal Path is crossed by the Proposed Development.
17.5.16 Table 17.9 presents the key information relating to Long Distance Footpaths, which are crossed by the Proposed Development.
Table 17.9 – Long Distance Footpaths within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Long Length of No. of times Notes Figure Distance route Proposed reference Footpath within Development reference LoD (m) crosses route
Cistercian 37m 1 The Cistercian Figure 17.1, Way Way crosses the Map 4 and 5 LoD directly at pole 76.
Celtic Up to 1 The Celtic Way Figure 17.1, Way 60m runs within the Map 6 LoD where it is undergrounded.
Cycle Routes
17.5.17 There are a number of cycle routes encompassed by the study area, including a national cycle trail and trails designated and promoted by CCC. In total there are 11.89km of cycle trails within the study area.
17.5.18 The study area encompasses a stretch of the Celtic Trail, which is a national cycle route. This is a 220 mile route which starts at The Ocean Lab in Pembrokeshire and finishes at Chepstow Castle, stretching across the entire breadth of south
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Wales (Sustrans, 2013). It is made up of two routes, National Route 4 (coastal) and National Route 47 (inland). Sections of both National Route 4 and 47 are encompassed within the study area (see Figure 17.1, Maps 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7). The Proposed Development crosses National Route 47 once (see Figure 17.1, Map 5), but it does not cross National Route 4.
17.5.19 The study area encompasses a number of cycle trails that are promoted by CCC, including HP 9 (8.25km), HP 10 (3.0km), HP 11 (9.01km) and HP14 (12.32km). Green depicts a family route and red indicates a more challenging route. See Figure 17.1, Maps 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
17.5.20 Table 17.10 presents the key information relating to cycle trails, which are crossed by the Proposed Development.
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Table 17.10 – Cycle trails within study area that are crossed by Proposed Development
Cycle trail Length of No. of times Notes Figure reference route within Proposed reference LoD (m) Development crosses route
Celtic Trail, 47m 1 National Route 47 is crossed by the LoD just north of Figure 17.1, National pole 86 (same point as HP14). Map 5 Route 47
HP14 (Red) 629m 3 The LoD crosses HP14 north of pole 86, within the Figure 17.1, Underground Section. Map 5 The LoD runs in line with the LoD along the A485, Figure 17.1, starting just north of Glangwili Bridge until the LoD Maps 6 and 7 take a 90 degree left turn just south of Greensleeves. Route HP14 crosses LoD slightly north of pole 145. Figure 17.1, Map 9
HP9 42m 2 The LoD crosses HP9 twice within the underground Figure 17.1, (Green) section, the first time at Abergwili Bridge, and the Map 6 second just north of this point where the LoD crosses the A40, west of Abergwili.
HP11 (Red) 69m 2 The LoD crosses HP11 just north of pole 145. Figure 17.1, Map 9
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Forest roads
17.5.21 There are a number of forest roads encompassed by the study area. From the information obtained to date, it is apparent there are no promoted routes within the study area.
Other access
17.5.22 There are no Roads used as Public Paths (RUPPs) or Restricted By-ways in Carmarthenshire.
Recreation and Tourism
Wales tourism profile
17.5.23 The Welsh Government’s Tourism Sector End Year Report 2013 indicates that tourism is a significant contributor to the Welsh economy both directly and indirectly in terms of jobs and expenditure generated. A Tourism Satellite Account (TSA), an international agreed method for estimating direct economic significance of tourism in an economy (Welsh Government, 2010), has been used to calculate the significance for Wales and is quoted in Tourism Sector End Year Report 2013 (Welsh Government, 2013a). The Wales TSA for 2013 estimates that tourism contributes £1.8billion / 4.4% Gross Value Added (GVA)1 for the Welsh Economy on an annual basis and that tourism is a key driver of export. A report for Visit Britain in 2013 (Deloitte and Oxford Economics, 2013) estimates substantially higher figures than those presented by Wales TSA; it suggests that the tourism economy will have directly contributed approximately £3.1billion to GVA in Wales which is equivalent to 6.3% in 2013.
17.5.24 The Wales Tourism Definitive Value Report (Wales Tourism Alliance, 2012) further illustrates the importance of tourism to the economy of Wales, and indicates that this has been the case for a number of years. The statistics presented are based on data collated by Deloitte and Oxford Economics (2010) in a report entitled ‘The
1 According to ONS, GVA measures the contribution to the economy of each individual producer, industry or sector in the United Kingdom. GVA is used in the estimation of GDP.
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Economic Contribution of the Visitor Economy’, looking at day visits in Great Britain. The Wales Tourism Definitive Value Report (Wales Tourism Alliance, 2012) indicates that in 2009, tourism accounted for £6.18bn of Wales Gross Domestic Product (GDP)2, which equated to 13.3% of the total economy. By comparison, in England’s national GDP, tourism accounted for only 8.6%. Furthermore, the contribution of tourism to the national GDP in Wales in 2009 was higher than in any of the other three UK home nations (England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) (Deloitte, 2010).
17.5.25 Despite the contribution made by the visitor economy to the national GDP being greatest in Wales compared to the other home nations, Wales continues to have the lowest proportion of day visits of each of the home nations (data does not include Northern Ireland in this statistic). According to Great Britain Day Visits report (TNS, 2011), Wales had 6.6% of total day visits in 2011, compared to 84.7% for England and 7.7% for Scotland. The Great Britain Day Visits Survey (TNS, 2011) estimates that £29 was spent per day visit per person in Wales in 2011.This is the lowest of the three home nations, with £34 spent in England and £46 spent in Scotland.
17.5.26 Nevertheless, the Wales Tourism Definitive Value Report (Wales Tourism Alliance, 2012) indicates that the number of domestic visits to Wales has increased between 2008 and 2011, both in absolute terms and as a share of UK domestic visits. According to a report entitled ‘Visits to Tourist Attractions in Wales 2013 Revised’ (Welsh Government, 2013b), overall, visits to attractions in Wales has increased by 0.4% between 2012 and 2013, from 10.85 million to 10.88 million. Free attractions saw a great increase in visitor numbers of 18.5% (2.33 million to 2.75 million), although visits to paid attractions decreased slightly by 4.6% (8.53 million to 8.13 million).
17.5.27 The Wales TSA (Welsh Government, 2013a) indicates that the total spending by staying visitors was £1.9billion in 2012, with an additional estimated £3.4billion
2 According to ONS, GDP is a key indicator of the state of the whole economy. In the UK, three theoretical approaches are used to estimate GDP: 'production', 'income' and 'expenditure'. When using the production or income approaches, the contribution to the economy of each industry or sector is measured using GVA.
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from tourist day visits. The Wales TSA also shows that tourism spending directly supports economic activity across a range of Wales’ key sectors including public sector, tourism enterprises relating to Information and Communication Technology (ICT), construction, creative industries, financial and professional services, retail, food and beverage services and transport.
17.5.28 The Wales Tourism Definitive Value Report (Wales Tourism Alliance, 2012) indicates that, in 2009/10, Wales had the highest proportion of its population directly employed in the visitor economy compared to the other three home nations, at 6.3% compared to 4.2% for England, 5.3% for Scotland and 3.0% for Northern Ireland. The Welsh Government’s Tourism Sector End Year Report 2013 (Welsh Government, 2013a) indicates that the total employment in tourism in Wales in 2012 was estimated to be 117,400 in 2012, and is the third largest sector after Energy and Environment and is much the same as Financial and Professional Services, and is the fastest growing sector in Wales with a 15.3% growth since 2005. The data presented by Deloitte and Oxford Economics (2010) suggests that in 2013, there were 114,000 jobs directly related to tourism in Wales which is equivalent to approximately 8.2% of all jobs in Wales.
Carmarthenshire tourism profile
17.5.29 The Carmarthenshire County Council (2012a) STEAM Report indicates that tourism expenditure contributed £207.85 million of direct revenue to Carmarthenshire’s economy in 2012. Data for a number of past STEAM reports have been collated and reviewed to understand the recent trends (CCC, 2011; 2012a). In 2009, direct revenue from tourism in Carmarthenshire was £211.3 million, which increased to £220.4 million in 2011, but declined in 2012. This percentage decrease in direct revenue from tourism is 5.94% since 2011, and 1.63% since 2009. Indirect expenditure related to tourism has seen a similar pattern, recorded at £333.3 million in 2009, rising to £355.0 million in 2011, and then decreasing to £334.9 million in 2012, however, overall there has been slight percentage increase of 0.48% between 2009 and 2012. The data presented in the STEAM reports (CCC, 2011; 2012a) is presented in Table 17.11.
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17.5.30 Data in Table 17.11 indicates that, at the latest available recording in 2012, tourism expenditure was greatest in food and drink, shopping and transport and lowest in recreation and accommodation. This suggests that tourists visiting the area are likely to be predominantly day-trippers, and activities undertaken are primarily free (i.e. no entry fee), such as walking and cycling. This supports the data presented in the report entitled ‘Visits to Tourist Attractions in Wales 2013 Revised’ (Welsh Government, 2013b), which indicated that the proportion of people partaking in free activities has increased in recent years.
17.5.31 Despite the direct expenditure in accommodation in Carmarthenshire being second lowest out of each tourism measure in Table 17.11, it is the one measure which has actually seen a continued growth between 2009 and 2012, with a 18.62% increase in expenditure by visitors. This suggests that, although at present the majority of visitors spend one day in the area, the amount of people who are visiting for one night and more is steadily increasing.
Table 17.11 – Carmarthenshire tourist expenditure by sector
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 % change % change (£ m) (£ m) (£ m) (£ m) (2011 vs (2009 vs 2012) 2012)
Direct Revenue
Accommodation 24.7 25.7 25.7 30.3 18.62% 22.67%
Food and Drink 64.0 67.2 66.8 61.4 -8.44% -4.06%
Recreation 21.8 22.9 22.8 20.8 -9.17% -4.59%
Shopping 50.1 52.5 52.2 47.7 -8.98% -4.79%
Transport 50.7 53.2 53.0 47.7 -10.45% -5.92%
Subtotal direct 211.3 221.59 220.4 207.85 -5.94% -1.63% revenue
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Indirect Expenditure
VAT 37.0 38.8 44.1 41.6 -6.76% 12.43%
Subtotal indirect 85.1 88.8 90.6 85.4 -6.11% 0.35% expenditure
TOTAL 333.3 349.2 355.0 334.9 -6.03% 0.48%
Source: CCC (2011; 2012a)
17.5.32 The Wales Tourism Definitive Value Report (Wales Tourism Alliance, 2012) indicates that the most popular regions for tourism in Wales are Conwy and Pembrokeshire. Carmarthenshire was not in the top 10 regions with highest share of employees in the visitor economy in Wales in 2010. A review of Census 2011 data in terms of industry of employment supports the view that, generally, employment in tourism related areas3 is not significantly elevated compared to the national average. Table 17.12 presents the proportion of the population employed in different sectors of industry for Carmarthenshire and Wales.
Table 17.12 – Employment by industry sector: Carmarthenshire vs Wales
Sector Carmarthen- Wales (% shire (% employed) employed)
Agriculture , forestry and fishing 4.1 1.7
Mining and quarrying 0.3 0.2
Manufacturing 8.7 10.5
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 0.5 0.8
3 As defined by ONS, this includes transport, retail (apart from motor vehicles and motor cycles), food and beverage services, rental and leasing of properties, travel agency and tour operators, creative arts and entertainment, gambling and betting, sports, amusement, and recreation.
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Water supply, sewerage. Waste management and 0.9 0.9 remediation activities
Construction 9 8.2
Wholesale and retail trade including motor vehicles 16.6 15.6 and motor cycles
Transport and storage 3.8 3.9
Accommodation and food service activities 5.3 6.2
Information and communication 1.7 2.3
Financial and insurance activities 1.9 3.1
Real estate activities 1.1 1.2
Professional, scientific and technical activities 3.6 4.3
Administrative and support service activities 3.3 4
Public administration and defence, compulsory social 9.1 7.9 security
Education 10.5 10.1
Human health and social work activities 15.5 14.5
Other 4.2 4.5
Source: ONS (2011)
17.5.33 The Carmarthenshire County Council (2012a) STEAM Report indicates a number of key statistics regarding tourism in the county in 2012 including:
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. In 2012, tourist numbers4 were dominated by day visitors (68% of the total);
. The majority of tourist days (45%) were accounted for by visitors staying in non serviced accommodation, which had decreased from 2011. In 2012;
. Direct employment from tourism in Carmarthenshire was 5,573 (full time equivalents) (a 12% decrease from 2011), with a further 1,135 employed indirectly (a 10% decrease from 2011); and
. The largest sector of tourism employment was accommodation (1,325 in 2012), followed by food and drink (1,262) then shopping (894).
Visitor attractors and activities
17.5.34 Within the wider area of Carmarthenshire, there are a number of tourism attractions including:
. The beaches to the south of the County;
. The national botanic Gardens of Wales;
. Castles (including Carmarthen, Carreg Cennen, Dinefwr, Llansteffan and Kidwelly);
. Carmarthenshire County Museum; and
. Forestry Commission Wales woodland sites at Pembrey, Brechfa Forest, and the Towy Valley Forests (Pen Arthur, Llwynwormwood and Cilgwyn).
17.5.35 The tourism and visitor attractions (including activities) within 1km study area of the Proposed Development are presented in Table 17.13, which provides commentary regarding each location, and a figure reference.
4 The STEAM Report (CCC, 2012) defined tourist numbers as the count of all visitors annually, regardless of their length of stay.
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Table 17.13 – Tourism and visitor attractions
Type of Feature ID reference Figure reference attraction (if applicable)
Rivers River Towy and tributaries used n/a Figure 17.1, Maps for angling, picnicking, boating, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 visiting for the scenery
Regionally or Celtic Trail n/a Figure 17.1, Maps Nationally 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 important walks and Wales Coastal Path n/a Figure 17.1, Map 2 cycle trails Cistercian Way n/a Figure 17.1, Maps 4 and 5
Towy Trail n/a Figure 17.1, Map 6
Celtic Way Figure 17.1, Map 6 and 7
Bronwydd Country Walk n/a Figure 17.1, Map 7
County cycle trails n/a Figure 17.1, Maps 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
Forestry Brechfa Forest used for informal n/a Figure 17.1, Maps outdoor recreation, in particular 10, 11 and 12 walking, horse riding, organised car rallies and cycling. The area has become a popular mountain biking area, with the establishment of three world class mountain biking trails (RWE, 2013) (see paragraphs 17.5.38 and 17.5.39)
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Other Carmarthenshire County 1 Figure 17.1, Map 6 Museum
Gwili Steam Railway 2 Figure 17.1, Maps 6 and 7
Coombe Park Stables 3 Figure 17.1, Map 7
Potential for informal recreation 4 Figure 17.1, Map 7 at the disused quarry to the west of Llwynpiod
Weekend pottery courses, 5 Figure 17.1, Map Siramik B&B 10
Cambrian Mountain Initiative n/a Figure 17.1, Maps (see paragraph 17.5.40) 10, 11 and 12
Source: Taken from information supplied by Forestry Commission / Natural Resources Wales, CCC, Sustrans, project workshop panels
17.5.36 Brechfa Forest is considered by local people to be central to the culture and local economy (BALM, post-scoping, informal consultation). It has supported a number of jobs for local people for many years, although there has been a decrease in the number of jobs supported from the 1980s onwards with the increased mechanisation of forestry activities (BALM, post-scoping, informal consultation).
17.5.37 There has been a government-driven focus on developing ‘sense of place’ within Wales, specifically relating to the development of tourism based on an area’s inherent assets by raising awareness of and building on the local heritage and culture (Visit Wales, 2013). Carmarthenshire Tourism Association has recently produced a range of leaflets on the heritage of Brechfa Forest. Therefore, although people directly employed within and for the forest has decreased, the community has been proactively encouraged to establish businesses based on the use of the forest for recreation and as a tourist attraction by local and national government
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(BALM, post-scoping, informal consultation). In addition, BALM are partaking in a range of projects to develop the forest’s historical environment, having secured funding and working with a number of different organisations including Dyfed Archaeology Trust, Woodland Trust and Oxford University.
17.5.38 The study area runs through an area of the Cambrian Mountains. Since 2008, they have been covered by Cambrian Mountains Initiative (CMI). They have commercial and financial support to encourage rural economic development through rural tourism enterprise, increases in the quality of tourism provision and customer service, and connecting consumers with the countryside on which the area bases its tourism value and economy.
17.5.39 As per Chapter 11, ‘Cultural heritage’, there are a number of heritage features in close proximity to the LoD. Some of these have potential to draw visitors to the area including a Grade II Listed Building, non-designated assets, and historic landscape character areas. See Chapter 11 for more detail regarding these features.
17.5.40 There are a range of activities that are undertaken within the study area including angling, horse riding, adventure activities and partaking in organised events. Information known about the activities that are undertaken is presented in Table 17.14.
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Table 17.14 – Activities undertaken within study area
Type of activity Feature Figure reference
Angling Ponds just west of Pontarsais Figure 17.1, Map 9
River Towy is popular for salmon and sea trout fishing. Fishing Figure 17.1, Map 5,6 and 7 features within the study area include5:
Map 5 - north of Wenalit; Map 6 - south of Abergwili; - north of Llangunnor; - south east of the disused quarry Map 7 - north and east of Bronwydd - south west of Cwmgwili farm
Horse riding Horse riding is popular in the area and there are many riding Figure 17.1, Map 1-12 centres, riding clubs and companies offering ‘holidays for horses’. There are no formally designated bridle ways within the study area, however many of the walking and the cycle routes can be used.
5 Carmarthenshire County Council (2013). Fishing sites in Wales. Available at: http://www.visit.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/maps/fishing‐map.html.
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Adventure activities 4x4 rally routes through Brechfa Forest Figure 17.1, Map 9, 10, 11 and 12
Organised events Sioe Llanddarog Show (August) Figure 17.1, Map 6 and 7
Merlin Cycle Event (August/October) Figure 17.1, Map 6 and 7
Other Sports facilities – sports fields and facilities Figure 17.1, Map 6
Source: Project workshop panels, CCC (2013a, 2013b, 2013c), RWE (2013),
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Tourism accommodation
17.5.41 The Carmarthenshire County Council (2012a) STEAM Report presents data on the number of bed spaces for both serviced and non-serviced accommodation available in the whole of Carmarthenshire in 2012. This is summarised in Table 17.15.
Table 17.15 –Tourism accommodation: serviced and non-serviced
Bed space category Number of Bed spaces
Serviced 3,152
Non-serviced 16,202
Total 19,354
Source: CCC (2013)
17.5.42 A statistical article by the Welsh Government relating to the summary of bedstock in Wales presents key information regarding the types and numbers of available bed spaces in each of the Welsh local authorities compared to Wales as a whole as at March 2013 (Welsh Government, 2013c). The statistical article indicates that accommodation in caravans and camping parks is the most popular form of holiday accommodation in both Carmarthenshire and Wales as a whole. In Carmarthenshire, caravan and camping sites account for the majority of bed spaces (63%), with self-catering accommodation (15%) and serviced accommodation (16%) fairly equal and hostel and alternative accommodation holding the remaining proportion (4% and 2% respectively) (Welsh Government, 2013c). Table 17.16 presents the data presented in the statistics article.
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Table 17.16 –Tourism accommodation: bed spaces by category
Accommodation Carmarthenshire % Wales % category
Serviced 2,760 16% 79,086 14%
Self catering 2,610 15% 63,168 11%
Caravan/camping 11,099 63% 39,9124 71%
Hostel 774 4% 17,300 3%
Alternative 352 2% 1013 0.2%
Total 17,595 559,691
Source: Welsh Government (2013c)
17.5.43 The total numbers of bed spaces Carmarthenshire is quite different between the 2012 STEAM report and the statistical article by Welsh Government for March 2013. However, the two sets of figures do support each other in terms of the proportion of serviced compared to non-serviced accommodation in the county.
17.5.44 The known tourism accommodation within 1km study area of the Proposed Development is presented in Table 17.17. Table 17.17 provides a figure reference. All accommodation is ordered by type, and then from north to south along route in the same order as pole numbering.
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Table 17.17 – Tourism accommodation within study area
Type of Name of Address ID Figure accommodation accommodation number reference
Maesglasnant, 1 Figure 17.1, Bed and Cwmffrwd, Map 5 Bay Tree B&B Breakfast (B&B) Carmarthen SA31 2LS
Alltwalis, 2 Figure 17.1, Bed and Glyncoch B&B Carmarthen SA32 Map 10 Breakfast (B&B) 7EA
Lanclynadda, 3 Figure 17.1, Bed and Alltwalis, Map 10 Siramik B&B Breakfast (B&B) Carmarthen SA32 7DY
Pant Farm, 4 Figure 17.1, Towy View Touring Llangunnor Road, Map 5 Caravan and caravan and Llangunnor, camping sites camping Carmarthenshire, SA31 2HY
Hotel Wheaten Sheaf 22 High St, 5 Figure 17.1, Hotel Abergwili, Map 6 Carmarthen SA31 2JA
Holiday Cottage Swn-y-Gwynt C2070 from 6 Figure 17.1, Cottage Llangunnor to Map 5 Nantgaredig, Llangunnor, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, SA32 8EL
Receptors
17.5.45 Based on the baseline presented in section 17.5 of this chapter, the receptors applicable to this assessment have been identified. They are presented in Table 17.18, including their sensitivity rating, which is based on Table 17.34.
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Table 17.18 – Receptors
Receptor type Receptor description Sensitivity
User Day and overnight visitors Medium
Recreational users including walkers, User anglers, horse riders, cyclists, and Medium recreational water-users
Resource National walking and cycling trails High
Regional walking and cycling trails Medium
Local walking and cycling trails Low
Forestry of local/regional/national Low/Medium/High importance, depending on specific use
Angling locations of local/regional importance depending on location and Low/Medium specific use
Tourist resources including museum, Medium railway of regional importance
Adventure activities of national Medium importance, i.e. 4x4 rallying
Organised events of regional and national importance, depending on Medium/High specific event
Accommodation Medium
Worst case scenario
17.5.46 The route of the Proposed Development is a 25m wide corridor (the LoD) narrowing to 16m for the undergrounding section and widening to 50m through Brechfa Forest.
17.5.47 The prediction of the significance of potential effects considers the details and nature of the Proposed Development and uses a reasonable worst case in terms of potential effects to socio-economics, recreation and tourism.
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17.5.48 Table 17.19 identifies the maximum adverse scenario defined by the Proposed Development’s design envelope relevant to the assessment of socio-economics, recreation and tourism during the construction and operational phases, and cumulative assessment. Detailed descriptions are given in Chapter 2; Project Description.
Table 17.19 – Worst case scenario
Development Worst case scenario Phase
Construction Open cut trenching will be used to install the majority of the cable in relatively unconstrained areas and horizontal directional drilling (HDD) would be used to pass under environmental and physical features such as main rivers.
Construction of underground sections including open cut and HDD would take around 4-5 months within the 9 month overall construction and reinstatement period.
HDD will take place at the following locations: . The River Towy . A40
HDD operations will not be undertaken at night.
Based on a typical construction of an overhead line of this type, it would take a construction crew team (comprising 3 teams each of 4 persons) between 7 and 10 working days to complete approximately 2 km of line (around 20 pole positions).
Overall construction of the Brechfa Forest grid connection could therefore take one year to complete.
Operation Inspection to be undertaken annually/once per year.
Method of inspection to alternate between foot patrol and helicopter.
Maintenance crews would access and repair the fault as necessary if a line outage occurs, but expected to be infrequent.
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Embedded mitigation
17.5.49 Mitigation measures that were identified and adopted as part of the evolution of the Proposed Development’s design and that are relevant to socio-economics, recreation and tourism are listed in Table 17.20.
17.5.50 Although the scope of the assessment requires that aspects of the assessments for noise, landscape and visual, land use, and transport and access are considered to be able to establish the overall impact on access and recreation and tourism, the embedded mitigation specifically relating to these issues is not presented in Table 17.20.
Table 17.20 – Embedded mitigation relating specifically to socio-economics, recreation and tourism
Development Phase Embedded mitigation measures
Construction Local employers and suppliers will be informed of the proposed construction works and participation of local and regional companies in the tendering process will be encouraged.
Where possible, all public rights of way will be kept open to minimise impact for tourists. Where this is not possible, a suitable diversion will be created. Temporary PROW closures or diversions will be communicated to Carmarthenshire County Council and other relevant organisations, including Community Councils. Information will include the duration and proposed alternative routes.
Use of underground cabling at appropriate locations.
Use of best practice methods (see Chapter 2 Project Description).
Ongoing consultation with statutory and non-statutory consultees, stakeholders and the general public.
Cable routing process has given specific regard to avoiding areas of known built development and permanent active use.
Operation Where possible all PROW will be kept open during
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maintenance and annual inspection.
In normal operation all access routes will be open to the public.
Ongoing consultation with stakeholders and the general public.
Cable routing process has given specific regard to avoiding areas of known built development and permanent active use.
17.6 Assessment of impacts: Construction phase
Access
17.6.1 In total there are 23 access routes that impinge upon the LoD of the Proposed Development. Table 17.21 summarises key details relating to each route which is crossed.
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Table 17.21: Access routes that enter into LoD and are crossed by Proposed Development
Section Type of Route ref Length of No. of times Notes Figure route route within Proposed reference LoD (m) Development crosses route
PROW
1 – OHL PROW - 29/20/1 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD between Figure 17.1, section 1 Footpath poles 10-11. Map 1
1 – OHL PROW - 29/10/1 26m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD between Figure 17.1, section 1 Footpath poles 34 and 35 and then continues Map 2/3 northwards to the east of poles 35-37 (within the study area).
1 – OHL PROW - 28/15/1 30m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD directly north Figure 17.1, section 1 BOAT of pole 54. Map 3/4
1 – OHL PROW - 28/20/2 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD directly south Figure 17.1, section 1 BOAT of pole 84. The PROW then veers south Map 5 both east and west in line with pole 83 (within the study area).
1 – OHL PROW - 28/20/1 31m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD at pole 86. Figure 17.1, section 1 BOAT The PROW then veers south east, then Map 5/6 south adjacent to poles 85 and 84 (within the study area).
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2 – PROW - 2/1/1A 35m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD near Figure 17.1, Underground Footpath Abergwili Bridge where it is Map 6 cable section undergrounded.
2 – PROW - 2/8/1 3m 1 The PROW reaches its endpoint to the Figure 17.1, Underground Footpath south west of the LoD, directly south of Map 7 cable section pole 87.
3 – OHL PROW - 55/PP2/1 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD, directly Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath south of pole 100. Map 7
3 – OHL PROW - 27/32/1 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD north of pole Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath 116. Map 8
3 – OHL PROW - 27/14/1 22m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD south of pole Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath 137, and then heads eastwards. Map 9
3 – OHL PROW - 26/8/1 4m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD south of pole Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath 137, but then veers northwards in a Map 9 westerly direction.
3 – OHL PROW - 26/9/1 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD, directly Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath across pole 153. Map 9
3 – OHL PROW - 26/11/2 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD between Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath poles 156 and 157. Map 10
3 – OHL PROW - 27/5/1 25m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD between Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath poles 167 and 168 (but slightly closer to Map 10
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pole 167).
3 – OHL PROW - 27/10/2 29m 1 The PROW crosses the LoD directly Figure 17.1, section 2 Footpath across pole 171. Map 10/11
COUNTY WALKS
County Bronwydd 61m 2 The Promoted County Walk crosses the Figure 17.1, walk Country LoD just north of pole 99. It then carries on Map 7 Walk north to the east of the LoD, and crosses the LoD again at pole 102.
2 – County Towy Trail 2797m 1 The LoD crosses Towy Trail once within Figure 17.1, Underground walk the Underground section, just north of Map 6 cable section Abergwili Bridge.
LONG DISTANCE FOOTPATHS
1 – OHL Long Cistercian 37m 1 The Cistercian Way crosses the LoD Figure 17.1, section 1 distance Way directly at pole 76. Map 4 and 5 footpath
1 – OHL Long Celtic Way Up to 60m 1 The Celtic Way runs within the LoD where Figure 17.1, section 1 distance it is undergrounded. Map 5 footpath
CYCLE ROUTES
1 – OHL Cycle Celtic Trail, 47m 1 National Route 47 is crossed by the LoD Figure 17.1, section 1 route National just north of pole 86 (same point as Map 5 Route 47 HP14).
1 – OHL Cycle HP14 (Red) 629m 3 The LoD crosses HP14 north of pole 86, Figure 17.1,
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Brechfa Forest Connection Draft Environmental Statement – Volume 1 section 1; 2 – route within the underground Section. Map 5 Underground The LoD runs in line with the LoD along Figure 17.1, cable the A485, starting just north of Glangwili Maps 6 and 7 section; 3 – Bridge until the LoD take a 90 degree left OHL section turn just south of Greensleeves. 2 Route HP14 crosses LoD slightly north of Figure 17.1, pole 145. Map 9
2 – Cycle HP9 42m 2 The LoD crosses HP9 twice within the Figure 17.1, Underground route (Green) underground section, the first time at Map 6 cable section Abergwili Bridge, and the second just north of this point where the LoD crosses the A40, west of Abergwili.
3 – OHL Cycle HP11 (Red) 69m 2 The LoD crosses HP11 just north of pole Figure 17.1, section 2 route 145. Map 9
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17.6.2 In a ‘do nothing’ scenario, access to these routes would be available as normal. Enjoyment of their use would also continue as normal in terms of the views that users would experience when using them.
17.6.3 During construction of the Proposed Development, disruption of access to these routes will be minimal due to the proposed construction methods. For the OHL, the working area around each pole location is typically 25m by 20m as indicated in Chapter 2, ‘Project Description’. However, there are no working areas proposed to be located on any part of existing access routes detailed in Table 17.21. WPD commit to keeping access routes under OHL open as far as possible during construction. There will be a point at which the OHL will need to be lifted into place above an access route, at which point there may be a temporary, very short, negative impact on users of these access routes.
17.6.4 As detailed in Chapter 9 ‘Landscape and Visual Impacts Assessment’, assessment of the significance of the visual effects of the underground sections of development during the construction phase on users of access routes concludes that significant (moderate), albeit temporary, visual effects of constructing the underground section of the route across the Towy valley would be limited to users of the footpath along the river Gwili south of Abergwili Bridge (PROW 61/26/1). It is noted that this footpath is on the opposite side of the river to the proposed trenching works. These are no visual receptors along the route of the Proposed Development that will experience a significant visual effect as a result of the construction of an overhead section of the proposed development. With regard to the assessment in this chapter, the sensitivity of users of access routes affected is medium in line with Table 17.3. The majority of access routes affected are of regional importance, which are of medium sensitivity, except for the Cistercian Way and National Route 47 which is part of the Celtic Trail cycling route, which are of national importance, which are high sensitivity. Therefore, high sensitivity is used as the sensitivity rating in calculating the impact significance as it enables a worst case approach. The magnitude of impact is medium, as there are temporary impacts on national and regional social resources. The resulting direct impact is
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minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms.
17.6.5 For those access routes which impinge upon the LoD in sections of undergrounding, there will be potential for short, temporary periods when access routes will need to be diverted. The sensitivity is high as there are a number of nationally recognised access routes in this undergrounding section, and the magnitude is medium due to the temporary nature of the social/cultural impact. The resulting impact is minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms. Despite the resulting impact being not significant, mitigation is still proposed to minimise the impact as far as possible for recreational users.
Recreation and Tourism
17.6.6 The baseline has identified a number of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services within the 1km study area of the LoD. According to the baseline information identified to date, there are no tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services within the LoD.
17.6.7 In a ‘do nothing’ scenario, there would be no change to the enjoyment of their use by day and overnight visitors, and general recreational users.
17.6.8 As there are no tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services within the LoD, there are no direct impacts on any of these identified features during construction. However, the use of the features has potential to be affected during the construction phase as a result of other environmental issues, including land use and forestry, visual effects, and noise effects, which would result in indirect effects.
17.6.9 Chapter 9, ‘Landscape and Visual’ concludes that no significant construction phase visual effects have been identified for recreational or tourism receptors during the construction of the Proposed Development.
17.6.10 Chapter 11, ‘Cultural heritage’, indicates that, prior to mitigation, effects on a cultural heritage feature, Towy Valley (Registered Historic Landscape) (RHL2, as
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per reference in Chapter 11) within the study area, which is known to attract visitors, are predicted to be of minor or negligible adverse significance of effect. Measures are proposed to mitigate these effects during the construction phase. The mitigation measures are detailed in Chapter 11. On completion of the proposed mitigation, these predicted direct physical adverse effects would be reduced to a predicted neutral effect.
17.6.11 Noise has the potential to disrupt the enjoyment of recreational receptors by users. Chapter 14, ‘Noise’, has assessed the effect of noise around the undergrounding section. It indicates that the residual effect of noise during the construction phase on residential receptors in this area is Not Significant, which is assisted by the use of a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). In noise terms, residential receptors are more sensitive than recreational. Therefore, if the construction phase on residential receptors is not significant then the effect on recreation receptors would also be not significant.
17.6.12 The sensitivity of day and overnight visitors, and general recreational users to disruption, and to their enjoyment of recreation and tourist activities is medium in line with Table 17.3. The sensitivity of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services affected ranges from low to high, depending on their geographical scale of importance (see Table 17.3 and Table 17.18). High sensitivity is used as the sensitivity rating in calculating the impact significance as it enables a worst case approach. The magnitude of impact is medium, as there are temporary impacts on national and regional social resources. The resulting direct impact is minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms.
17.7 Assessment of impacts: Operational phase
Recreation and Tourism
17.7.1 The baseline has identified a number of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services within the 1km study area of the LoD. According to the baseline information identified to date, there are no tourism attractions, resources
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or accommodation services within the LoD.
17.7.2 In a ‘do nothing’ scenario, there would be no change to the enjoyment of their use by day and overnight visitors, and general recreational users.
17.7.3 During operation, there will be minimal disruption to the use and enjoyment of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services. This is because inspection is only to be undertaken annually and will alternate between foot patrol and use of a helicopter. If maintenance is necessary, which is normally very infrequent, it would be small scale, localised and would entail even less environmental impact (e.g. visual and noise) than during the construction phase.
17.7.4 Chapter 9 ‘Landscape and Visual Impacts Assessment’ assesses the significance of the visual effects of the operational phase of the Proposed Development on users of access routes and recreational or tourism receptors. Significant (moderate) operational visual effects are identified for a number of footpath and other recreational receptors including:
. Users of campsite at Llanygad-Yr-Efail
. Users of:
o FP12 PRoW Landyfaelog 10
o FP19 Cistercian Way
o FP22 PRoW Llangunnor 6.
o FP26 PRoW Llangunnor 20
o FP44 PRoW Abergwili 8
o FP46 PRoW Bronwydd/Newchurch
o PP2 / CCC promoted Bronwydd Country walk
o FP47 CCC Promoted Bronwydd Country Walk
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o CCC Promoted Cycle Route HP11: Red 15 miles
o FP64 PRoW Llanpumsaint 9
17.7.5 The footpaths and other recreational receptors listed have been considered as part of the baseline for access, recreation and tourism.
17.7.6 The proposed routeing has been reviewed in each case to ensure that no further reductions the visual effects identified are practicable.
17.7.7 With regard to the assessment in this chapter, the sensitivity of day and overnight visitors, and general recreational users is medium in line with Table 17.3. The sensitivity of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services potentially affected ranges from low to high, depending on their geographical scale of importance (see Table 17.3 and Table 17.18). High sensitivity is used as the sensitivity rating in calculating the impact significance as it enables a worst case approach. The magnitude of impact is low, as there are negligible social and cultural impacts at all scales, and at worst temporary adverse impacts on the local economy. The resulting direct impact is minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms.
17.8 Assessment of impacts: Decommissioning phase
17.8.1 As explained in section 17.3, decommissioning has been scoped out of the socio- economic, recreation and tourism impact assessment. This approach has been agreed by Secretary of State in the Scoping Opinion and by Carmarthenshire County Council; details of correspondence confirming this is presented in section 17.3.
17.9 Mitigation measures
17.9.1 There is a range of embedded mitigation measures which are identified as being applicable to socio-economics, recreation and tourism in Table 17.20. The impacts identified in sections 17.6, 17.7 and 17.8 indicate that there are no significant adverse effects which require further mitigation.
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17.9.2 Nevertheless, there are a number of measures that can be taken, which could minimise any adverse impacts, albeit they are already not significant. The measures could enable any such impacts to be neutralised. These measures relate to the construction phase only and are as follows:
. Access:
o Where there is a crossing under the OHL sections, the route of both the PRoW/other access route and construction activities will be clearly marked upon the ground at the point the two meet making users of the PRoW and construction operatives aware of the danger / potential conflict point. A banksman will be employed during the wire pulling exercise to control the crossing point;
o Where an access route runs within the LoD, but does not cross it, the PRoW will be clearly marked on the ground and appropriate warning signs will be placed at regular intervals along the route highlighting the danger and conflict. A 5mph speed limit (with appropriate signs) will be enforced by the contractor along the route of the PRoW. Any significant pieces of plant being delivered along the route will be escorted by a banksman over the conflict section;
o For those access routes which cross the underground cabling section, it is likely that there will be a requirement for either a temporary closure and/or a temporary diversion of the PRoW to facilitate construction of the underground section.
17.10 Residual effects
17.10.1 With the implementation of the relevant mitigation measures identified in Table 17.20 and in section17.9, there will be no residual effects with a significance of more than minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms.
17.11 Cumulative effects
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Interaction effects
17.11.1 The consideration of cumulative effects first addresses the interaction effects in relation to socio-economic, recreation and tourism issues. The consideration of interaction effects is actually inherent within the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment, as can be seen in sections 17.6 and 17.7. The assessment considers the interaction between possible impacts potentially affecting land use and forestry, landscape, noise and transport alongside socio-economic, recreation and tourism issues. Therefore, there is no further discussion relating to interaction effects presented in section 17.11.
In-combination effects
17.11.2 Secondly, the consideration of cumulative effects considers the in-combination effects of the Proposed Development combined with other proposed or consented developments. To do this, relevant consented projects and other proposed projects within 1km of the LoD have been identified and are presented in Table 17.22, along with a note to indicate the reason for the inclusion of a project in the consideration of in-combination effects.
17.11.3 The consented and proposed developments identified in Table 17.22 are tourism attractions, resources or accommodation. A review of the exact locations of each of the consented and proposed developments indicates that the majority are not located within the LoD of the Proposed Development (Map ID 9, 42, 55, 60, 100, 106, 115 and 116, Figure 19.1, and Table 17.22). Therefore, there are no direct in- combination effects in either the construction or operational phase in relation to the consented and proposed developments identified in Table 17.22.
17.11.4 However, the southern part of the red line boundary for application reference W/30547, Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm (Map ID 252, Figure 19.1 and Table 17.22), overlaps with the study area for the Proposed Development. Therefore, there is potential for direct in-combination effects during the construction and operational phases of the Proposed Development and Brechfa West Wind Farm due to overlapping of work programmes.
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17.11.5 There is the potential cumulative visual effects arising towards the northern end of the Proposed Development in the area that is overlapped by application reference W/30547, Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm, where combined visibility of existing and proposed wind farms and the Proposed Development may arise and affect users of public footpaths in the study area (and beyond). However, Chapter 9 indicates that these adverse effects are considered likely to be generally minor and not significant because of the distances between the developments and their distinctly different appearances.
17.11.6 A review of cumulative in-combination effects identified as part of other relevant environmental aspects addressed in this draft ES, namely land use and forestry, cultural heritage, noise and transport assessments, indicates that there are no significant adverse direct or indirect in-combination effects which could affect the use and enjoyment of resources, attractions and accommodation during the construction and operational phases of the Proposed Development and application reference W/30547, Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm.
17.11.7 The sensitivity of day and overnight visitors, and general recreational users to change in their normal activities is medium in line with Table 17.3. The sensitivity of tourism attractions, resources or accommodation services affected ranges from low to high, depending on their geographical scale of importance (see Table 17.3 and Table 17.9). High sensitivity is used as the sensitivity rating in calculating the impact significance as it enables a worst case approach. The magnitude of impact is medium, as there are temporary impacts on national and regional social resources. The resulting in-combination effects during construction and operational phase is minor adverse, which is Not Significant in EIA terms.
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Table 17.22 – Consented and proposed projects within 1km study area of LoD considered for cumulative impacts
Map ID Application Decision Proposal details Reason for (linked to reference inclusion in Figure cumulative 19.1) assessment
9 W/18034 Full Stables with hay, Consented stables Granted foodstuffs and are a local implement storage recreational resource and potential tourism attraction
42 W/23299 Full Conversion of two stone Consented new Granted barns for holiday let tourism accommodation in local area
55 W/24086 Full Proposed parking area Consent for Granted for the use of increased Carmarthen District recreational facilities Angling Club linked to angling (Resubmission of application W/23660 refused on 02.11.10)
60 W/24355 Full Proposed conversion of Consented new Granted an outbuilding/stable tourism into a self-contained accommodation in holiday let unit local area
100 W/27782 Full Proposed conversion of Consented new Granted outbuilding into one tourism holiday unit accommodation in local area
106 W/28113 Pending Conversion of redundant Potential new tourism outbuilding to accommodation in residential/holiday local area accommodation 1 unit (resubmission of W/2666 refused 01/11/2012)
115 W/29337 Pending Proposed holiday unit – Potential new tourism new build in lieu of accommodation in
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previously approved local area conversion of outbuilding W/27782, approved 08.04.2013
116 W/29403 Pending 2 barn conversions to a Potential new tourism holiday let accommodation in local area
252 W/30547 Full Installation of 100kW Potential in- Planning wind turbine of 42.3m to combination effect blade tip and the with Proposed associated infrastructure Development during (access track and crane overlapping of pad) construction and operational phases
17.11.8 Application reference W/30547, Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm, indicated that it expected there to 27.5 permanent Full Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs created during the construction phase. In addition, there would likely be wider up-skilling of local people either directly or indirectly employed in relation to Brechfa West Wind Farm, providing skills that will be of benefit to the local economy in the long term. The creation of employment opportunities and up-skilling of people will be contributed to further by the Proposed Development. The Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm indicates that this is a minor beneficial impact, and therefore not significant in EIA terms. The in-combination contribution made by the Proposed Developed is positive but low and therefore this impacts remains as minor beneficial.
17.12 Summary of effects
Construction
17.12.1 During construction, there would be a short term, minor adverse direct and indirect impact on some access routes as a result of OHL sections when they are lifted into position, which is Not Significant. However, in addition to embedded mitigation, some further measures to minimise effect will see the impact reduced to a negligible effect, which is also Not Significant.
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17.12.2 During construction, there would be a minor adverse direct impact on access routes as a result of the underground section due to need for temporary diversion, which is Not Significant. Temporary diversions will be applied for the short term periods when diversions are needed, in addition to the embedded mitigation.
17.12.3 During construction, there would be a short term, minor adverse direct and indirect impact on the enjoyment and/or use of recreational attractions, resources and accommodation, which is Not Significant. No further mitigation is proposed in addition to embedded mitigation.
Operation
17.12.4 During operation, there would be a short term (only during occasional maintenance and repair operations), minor adverse direct and indirect impact on the enjoyment and/or use of recreational attractions, resources and accommodation. No further mitigation is proposed in addition to embedded mitigation.
Cumulative
17.12.5 The consideration of interaction effects is inherent within the socio-economic, recreation and tourism assessment. Therefore, there is no separate assessment of cumulative effects in relation to interaction effects with socio-economic, recreation and tourism impacts over and above that which is considered as part of the main assessment.
17.12.6 There would be no significant adverse direct or indirect in-combination socio- economic, recreation and tourism impacts during the construction or operational phases.
17.12.7 A summary of effects is presented in Table 17.23.
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Table 17.23 – Summary of predicted socio-economic, recreation and tourism impacts of the Proposed Development
Description of Impact/ Effect Possible Mitigation Residual effect Impact measures
Construction
Direct and indirect Short term, Embedded mitigation Negligible, impact on access minor adverse (see Table 17.20); which is Not routes as a result of which is Not Route/construction Significant OHL sections Significant activities clearly marked, banksman employed during wire pulling and to escort any deliveries, speed limit on the route of the PROW.
Direct impact on Minor adverse, Embedded mitigation Negligible which access routes as a which is Not (see Table 17.20); is Not result of Significant Temporary diversions Significant underground section applied for short term periods
Direct and indirect Short term, Embedded mitigation Short term, impact on minor adverse (see Table 17.20); minor adverse enjoyment and/or which is Not None additional which is Not Significant use of recreational Significant attractions, resources and accommodation
Operation
Direct and indirect Short term, Embedded mitigation Short term, impact on minor adverse (see Table 17.20); minor adverse enjoyment and/or which is Not None additional which is Not use of recreational Significant Significant attractions, resources and accommodation
Cumulative – construction
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Description of Impact/ Effect Possible Mitigation Residual effect Impact measures
Indirect impact on Short term, Embedded mitigation Short term, enjoyment and/or minor adverse (see Table 17.20); minor adverse use of recreational which is Not None additional which is Not attractions, Significant Significant resources and accommodation
Cumulative – operation
Indirect impact on Short term, Embedded mitigation Short term, enjoyment and/or minor adverse (see Table 17.20); minor adverse use of recreational which is Not None additional which is Not attractions, Significant Significant resources and accommodation
17.13 References
Cambrian Mountain Initiative (2012). Available at http://cambrianmountains.co.uk/about/our-aims/.
Carmarthenshire County Council (N.D.a), Horse Riding in Carmarthenshire (leaflet).
Carmarthenshire County Council (N.D.b). Gwili/Bronwydd, Llwybrau Sir Gaerfyrddin / Carmarthenshire County Walks. Available at: http://www.discovercarmarthenshire.com/active/active_images/Bronwydd.pdf.
Carmarthenshire County Council (2007) Rights of Way Improvement Plan 2007-2017. Available at: http://www.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/English/leisure/rightsofway/Documents/improvement- plan.pdf.
Carmarthenshire County Council (2011). STEAM Report. Re-issued May 2012. Available at: http://www.discovercarmarthenshire.com/business/business_images/Carmarthenshire- STEAM-2011.pdf Accessed 06.10.2014
Carmarthenshire County Council (2012a). STEAM Report. Re-issued July 2013. Available at: http://www.discovercarmarthenshire.com/business/business_images/STEAM_Report_201
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2.pdf.
Carmarthenshire County Council (2013). Local Development Plan. Available online at: http://www.carmarthenshire.gov.uk/english/environment/planning/planning%20policy%20a nd%20development%20plans/local%20development%20plan/pages/localdevelopmentplan home.aspx.
Carmarthenshire Tourist Association (2013). Rural Tourism Clusters Project. Available at: http://www.tourismclusters.co.uk/.
Deloitte (2010) Deloitte UK 2010 Annual Report. Available at: http://annualreport.deloitte.co.uk/2010/.
Deloitte and Oxford Economics (2010) The Economic Case for the Visitor Economy. Final Report. Available at: http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom- UnitedKingdom/Local%20Assets/Documents/UK_THL_VisitorEconomy_Sept08.pdf
Deloitte and Oxford Economics (2013). Tourism: jobs and growth. The economic contribution of the tourism economy in the UK. Available at: http://www.visitbritain.org/Images/Final%20proof%2015%20Nov_tcm29-39296.pdf.
Long Distance Walkers Assocation (LDWA) (2013a). Celtic Way. Available at: http://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Celtic+Way.
Long Distance Walkers Assocation (LDWA) (2013b). Cistercian Way. Available at: http://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Cistercian+Way+(Wales ).
Natural Resources Wales (2013) Wales Coastal Path. Available at: http://www.walescoastpath.gov.uk/about_the_path/leaflets.aspx
Office of National Statistics (2013). Industry, 2011 (KS605EW). Available at: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=627 5337&c=carmarthen&d=13&e=62&g=6492294&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=14 14587832063&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2538.
RWE (2011). Brechfa Forest West Wind Farm, Chapter 11 Access, Recreation and Socio- Economics. Available at: http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/projects/wales/brechfa- forest-west-windfarm/?ipcsection=docs&stage=app&filter=Environmental+Statement.
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