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Atomic Theory & Nuclear Chemistry

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Atomic Theory & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 2 Lesson 1: The background of chemistry We are learning to: To understand that there are over 100 elements in the periodic table. To understand how the elements are classified in the periodic table. I can: State what an element is. Identify elements as being solids, liquids and gases, metals and non-metals. The Elements An element is the simplest building block known, and each element consists of only one type of atom. Everything in the world is made from over 100 different elements The periodic table is the arrangement of all known elements The Elements Activity 1.1 Grouping Elements together Using the element cards given to you by your teacher, classify the elements into four groups of three. Complete the following table after you have discussed your group’s ideas as a class. Activity 1.1 task Periodic table The Periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties. Johan Doberainer, Alexandre Begager de Chancourtois, John Newlands, Glen Seaborg and Henry Moseley all aided in the development of the periodic table. However the most recognised figure is Dmitri Mendeleev. Groups Vertical columns are know as groups Periods Horizontal rows are called periods. Just think of your school timetable period 1 to 7 go horizontally. Fill in the blanks (Periodic table) What are elements made up of ? An element is a substance that is made up of atoms of only one kind. An element contains only one kind of ________. Metal/ Non-metal How many elements are non-metal ? Solid/Liquid/Gas Which two elements are liquid at room temperature ? Plenary Question bounce Teacher will name an element and you need to decide solid, liquid or gas, and metal or non-metal. (based on your DB) After you have named this correctly, you will then pick an element to pass on to the person of your choice. TWO Groups in the Periodic Table We are learning to: Discuss groups of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify the reactivity of these groups of elements. I can: Name the groups in the periodic table Categorise elements into the various groups Families of Elements Activity 1.2 Reactivity of Groups 1 & 7 Briefly describe how the reactivity of alkali metals and then the halogens changes as you go down the group. Families of Elements Family of Elements Families of Elements Families of Elements Families of Elements Transition Metals Group 1 Halogens Group 2 Alkaline Erath Metals Group 7 Noble Gases Group 0/8 Alkali Metals THREE Chemical Symbols We are learning: What a chemical symbol is I can: Match Chemical symbols to elements and vice versa. Chemical symbols A chemical symbol is a shorthand way of representing an element. Each element has its own chemical symbols. Modern symbols for elements consist of one or two letters. The firs letter is always a capital; if there is a second letter it is always a small letter. A few elements have symbols that come from the Latin name for the element. Nuclear examples Find the chemical symbol for: Polonium Francium Actinium Protactinium Find the name of the elements: Bk Fm Sg Rf Symbol spelling Using your Periodic Table, discover the shorthand for the listed elements and rearrange them to answer the clues. E.G In maths, the topic where letters are used for unknown numbers. (Germanium, Aluminium, Boron, Radium) AlGeBRa Examples Type of monkey that likes the cold temperatures and are a band. (4 elements) Football team from London know as The Gunners. (4 elements) The piece on a chess board that sits between the king and the knight. (4 elements) Green vegetable that looks like a tree. (5 elements) Shiver me timbers. (4 elements) Breed of dog similar to wolves. (5 elements) Sea dwelling mammal with tusks. (4 elements) Examples Type of monkey that likes the cold temperatures. ArCTiC Football team from London know as The Gunners. ArSeNAl The piece on a chess board that sits between the king and the knight. BiSHoP Green vegetable that looks like a tree. BrOCCoLi Shiver me timbers. (4 elements) PIrAtEs Breed of dog similar to wolves. HUSKY Sea dwelling mammal with tusks. WAlRuS Your turn Make up your own word and give a clue to your neighbour. FOUR Starter: Write the symbols for the following elements: a) Silver b) Carbon c) Oxygen d) Helium e) Lithium f) Neon 2. Write the element names for the symbols: a) Au b) H c) Zn d) Cu e) F f) Ca The idea of Atoms We are learning to: To describe the structure of an atom To understand what an atom’s atomic number is and what other data we can work out form the atomic number. I can: Outline the mass, charge and location of the sub-atomic particles in an atom Identify number of protons and electrons from the atomic number Activity 1.4 The Idea of atoms Take a sheet of paper and fold it carefully in half. Tear along the fold, take one half and fold it in half, then tear along the fold again. Repeat this as many times as you can. How small can you cut your piece of paper? Atomic Structure Atomic Structure http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/chem istry/animations/CHE1.3-an- animations.shtml Atomic structure Activity 1.6 Atom building activities http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/b uild-an-atom http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_ science/terc/content/investigations/es05 01/es0501page04.cfm Atomic Number Atomic number Atomic number FIVE Electron Arrangement We are learning to: To understand and be able to draw how electrons are arranged in an atom. To calculate the number of neutrons for an atom. I can: State and draw the electron arrangement for an atom Identify the number of neutrons for an atom Electron Arrangement Electron arrangement http://web.visionlearning.com/custom/ch emistry/animations/CHE1.3-an- animations.shtml Electron arrangement Electron arrangement Bonus Task (activity) Games hall chemistry Nucleus Red cones for 1st energy level Green cones for 2nd energy level Blue cones for 3rd energy level People are given a different type of ball for protons neutrons and electrons. Protons football Electrons sponge ball Neutrons basketball Mass Number Mass number Activity 1.7 Atomic Number Bingo SIX Starter: Nuclide Notation We are learning to: To use nuclide notation to identify the atomic number and mass number for an atom. I can: Use nuclide notation to work out the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom and in an ion. Nuclide Notation Nuclide notation Task From the nuclear examples on the following slides note: Protons Electons Neutrons Atomic number Mass number Nuclear examples 216 Po 84 SEVEN Starter Isotopes We are learning to: To understand that atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers. To learn about the Relative Atomic Mass of atoms. I can: Describe what an Isotope is Calculate the Relative atomic mass of an atom Isotopes Which number has been altered ? (Atomic or Mass) How many protons does each atom have ? How many electrons do each atom have ? What is the only thing that is different between the two atoms ? Isotopes Isotopes Relative atomic mass (RAM) Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) Relative Atomic Mass Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) EIGHT Creating Coloured Light We are learning to: Identify elements present in a compound by the colour produced when burning I can: Carry out an experiment to identify a flame colour of a selected element When chemicals are heated up the electrons inside the atoms get excited and move to energy levels further away from the nucleus. The electrons then move back to where they started but rather than giving the energy back out as heat they give it out as bands of light of a particular colour. As each element has its own unique number of electrons, each element will often give out its own particular colour. Normal light is made up of 7 colours, which you can see in a rainbow or with a prism. Activity 1.9 Flame Colour Heat a splint using a roaring blue Bunsen flame that has been soaked in a solution containing the different metals to see what colour the flame is. Activity 1.10 Distress Flares Distress flares are very similar to fireworks. They contain a fuel, an oxidizing agent and chemicals that burn to produce colours and other effects. Research Task After discussion with your teacher and others, can you find out how a rocket firework is made and produce a poster explaining what the different parts of a rocket are. There are a number of good videos and websites available that show how fireworks are made NINE Nuclear Chemistry We are learning to: Know why elements are radioactive Know the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. I can: State why elements are radioactive. Describe the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation Nuclear Chemistry Radiation Is made up of high speed particles and electromagnetic waves Cannot be tasted, felt, or smelt Has the potential to release huge amounts of energy Can do a great deal of damage Radiation types The different types of radiation are affected differently if they pass through a charged field. Stopping Radiation Stopping Radiation Stopping Radiation Why are some elements radioactive ? REMEMBER… A nucleus is more likely to be unstable if it contains an excess of neutrons TEN Starter: Starter: We are learning to: To be able to use nuclear equations I can: Solve nuclear equations. REMEMBER… Do you remember doing NUCLIDE NOTATION for the nuclear elements ? Slide 65 ( Name the elements using your Data Booklet) Example: What element is this ? How many protons does it have ? How many electrons then ? How many neutrons ? What does the term “unstable” mean In this context.
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