Description of Historic Place Located in the north end of Memorial Park in Village of Ladner, the Delta Cenotaph is comprised of a tapered granite obelisk atop a bell-shaped base, set on a large circular concrete base. The Cenotaph is adorned with plaques and the names of locals whose lives were lost in the First World War, Second World War, and the Korean War.

Heritage Value ofthe Historic Place Erected in 1921, the Delta Cenotaph is valued as a symbol of Canada's military endeavours and is a local landmark that honours the citizens of Delta who gave their lives in wartime. The Cenotaph was erected by public subscription on land set aside by pioneer William H. Ladner's estate for a Memorial Park. It is prominently located at the north

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -2- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009 end of the park, which was established in 1919. Compriscd of a granite obelisk with engraved and applicd inscriptions, the Delta Cenotaph follows a tradition of memorial architecture typical across Canada at this time. It was unveiled on Sunday, May 21, 1921 by local resident Harry Nelson Rich, who lost his only son, Sidney Norris Rich during the war; Sidney's name can be found among several those inscribed on the base of the obelisk.

The Delta Cenotaph is additionally valued for its evolution over time as a memorial that commemorates Canada's involvement in the Second World War and the Korean War. The thirty-eight names that are inscribed on the Cenotaph are an enduring reminder of the effects of war on the local community. Located in a prominent location, the Delta Cenotaph stands as a symbol of freedom for local citizens who utilize the park for leisure and recreation, and acts as a focus for commemorative activities including Remembrance Day ceremonies.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements of that define the heritage character of the Delta Cenotaph include its: - location at the north end of Memorial Park, in Ladner Village - continuous commemorative use over time - form, scale and massing including a tall tapered granite obclisk, bell-shaped base and square base blocks, set on a large circular concrete base with bollards - construction materials including granite and a concrete base - inscribed names and painted metal plaques that commemorate thirty-eight local citizens; twenty-scven from thc First World War and eleven from the Second World War - the inscription reading "THEIR NAME LIVETH FOR EVERMORE" - thc dates in applied metal reading "1914-1919" and "1939-1945" - the applied bronze plaques reading "KOREA 1950-1953" on two sides of the obelisk - associated landscape features such as mature trees and other plantings surrounding the Cenotaph in a circular pattern

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.; NOVEMBER 2009 - 3 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

DEAS ISLAND CANNERY SITE

Description of the Historic Place Located on Deas Island Regional Park, the Deas Island Cannery site is situated on the southern bank of the south arm of the Fraser River. The caunery ceased operations in the early 1900s and was subsequently demolished. The site consists of a modern viewing tower, a historic boiler on a concrete base, and archaeological remains including tin sheets from which cans were stamped.

Heritage Value of the Historic Place The Deas Island Cannery site is a representation of the importance of the West Coast fishing industry, and the development and success of the fish processing industry in Delta aud other Lower Mainland communities. In July of 1872, John Sullivan Deas, a pioneer black tinsmith from South Carolina, moved to the area and leased the Cooperville fishery operation. By 1873, Deas had pre-empted 160 acres of land and built a cannery on an island located downstream from Cooperville in a more accessible location. This newly created cannery operated in tandem with one of the most abundant salmon runs on the Fraser River. The cannery complex on Deas Island included a two-storey canning building, a warehouse, residences, a bunkhouse and a wharf. By 1883, there were thirteen canning companies along the Fraser River, and by 1890 one-third of fish canning production in British Columbia originated from the Delta area. The success of the fishing industry attracted workers from all over the world and led to Delta's ethnic diversity - allowing for the success of minority businessmen like John Sullivan Deas. Prior to the First World War, the canning industry in Delta provided employment for First Nations people, as well as families from China, Japan, Norway, Greece, and Croatia - husband and wife teams often worked together to pull in and harvest the large fish. A disastrous slide at Hell's Gate on the Fraser River, the advent of the First World War and a

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -4- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

downtum in the economy led to the decline of the fishing industry along the west coast of Canada. The site of the Deas Island Cannery remains as a tribute to the hard work of entrepreneurs like John Sullivan Deas and the success of the early west coast salmon fishing industry and its role in the development of the greater Delta community. The site is now situated within Deas Island Regional Park, a place of recreation and leisure within the Delta community.

The Deas Island Cannery is additionally valued for its association with early black pioneer and free slave John Sullivan Deas, who opened the cannery in 1873. Deas was born in South Carolina in 1838, and by 1856 was advertising himself as a tinsmith - a trade he practiced throughout California, Vancouver Island, and the Lower Mainland as he followed the Gold Rush north. By 1870, Captain James Cooper had pre-empted land and established a fish saltery in an area known as Coopcrville, upstream from what is now Deas Island. In 1871, Deas began his career in the fishing industry by making tin cans for a cannery owned by Captain Edward Stamp, a precise task that required the hand crafting of each tin vessel. Following Stamp's dcath, Deas seized the oppOItunity to open his own cannery at the location of Cooper's fish saltery, and soon after moved his operation to Deas Island. First opened in 1873, and known as 'The Deas & Loggie Company Calmery', the Deas Island Cmmery had a short life span; a change of ownership occurred in 1878 and production ceased at the time of the First World War. However, business was initially so prosperous that between 1872 and 1875, Deas produced the biggest salmon packs of any fishery along the Fraser River. In 1875, Deas took over whole ownership of the cannery, operating the business until 1878 when increased competition had significantly reduced the Deas cannery production. John Sullivan Deas, affectionately known as 'Billy', died in 1880 at the age of forty-two after a lifetime of tinsmithing had compromised his health. Deas is remembered as being the first to champion the cause of preserving and regulating the salmon fishing industry; through his efforts the salmon were not entirely depleted during the salmon craze of the late 1800s and early 19008. Deas is also important as one of the first black men to establish a business of his own in the Lower Mainland and as one of the first pioneers of the salmon fishing industry on the west coast of Canada. Deas Island was named after him in 1874.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements of that define the heritage character of the Deas Island Cannery site include its: - location on Deas Island along the south arm of the Fraser River - the adaptive reuse of the cannery site as an interpretive site, which includes a viewing platform of the original salmon run location, walking trails and a public park - the cannery equipment at the base of the viewing platform including a concrete base supporting a canning boiler - archaeological remains of the cmmery operation

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 5 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

touc~es~ or Be A.-

CourtellY of Be Archives collections - Call NUltber: I-68290 lI"u: "",,,.b,,,,.-.::hl'-"'5.>;tOv.bc.<:& EOr,.i I: ~<::~~ss@"""".t:>c",,,ch,ve.~.<;tcv.b~.ca (C, - FnlVi,kd foe Rde"rr.h P'J!'r>OS~" Ord" - O~t'

CI)Uf'te"lJ of Be Rr-chiv"" collections ~ Call Hunber: D-05348 W~b, www.bca~~h.v~~.90.-..be ...,'o"'~"Qh P'-'~PG"~'S" (jnl" ~ Oth~" 1)5" i>equ,rE hr""g~":·n

Idand Fishel'!! On the Frq"er RilleI'

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 6- CORPORA nON OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

LADNER UNITED CHURCH, 4960 48 AVENUE

Current Name: Ladner United Church Historic Name: St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church Architect: George W. Grant Builder: John B. Elliott Date of Construction: 1891-93

Description of Historic Place Ladner United Church, located at the corner of 48 Avenue and Ladner Street in the Village of Ladner, is a wood-frame Gothic Revival-style structure with a cross-gabled roof, Gothic pointed-arch windows and a corner bell tower. It is located near the heart of the historic town centre, within a predominantly residential neighbourhood, and is a local landmark in Ladner and the wider Delta community.

Heritage Value of Historic Place Ladner United Church is valued as a community landmark and gathering place in the Village of Ladner. Opened in 1893 as St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, it served a Presbyterian congregation until 1925, when unification with the Ladner Methodist Church resulted in the formation of the Ladner United Church parish. As one of the oldest buildings in Ladner, the church reflects the rich history of the community as well as the enduring values and traditions of the local inhabitants. In 1909, the structure was

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -7- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

raised to permit the construction of a basemcnt, and other ongoing additions have served the expanding congregation. In the 1980s, the basement was removed and the original church was restored to its original height. Despite a number of additions, thc church has retained its original character and visual presence in the community, and remains a prominent landmark in historic Ladner Village. It continues to serve the community today as the Ladner United Church, an expanding, active congregation.

The Ladner United Church is also valued for its association with New Westminster architect George William Grant (1852-1925). Grant is recognized as one of the most prolific of British Columbia's early architects. Born in Nova Scotia, Grant developed an interest in architecture from an early age, and worked as a superintendent of construction on numerous projects until 1885, when he journeyed wcst in pursuit of employment in his chosen field. Due to the arrival of the main CPR line in New Westminster in 1886, Grant was able to establisb a thriving architectural practice in that city, which was the centre of the Fraser Valley's burgeoning economy. Grant also designed St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in New Westminster, 1888-89; these remain as two of his finest surviving church designs. This church was built by prominent local contractor, John B. Elliot (1857-1930), after whom one of Ladner's streets is named. Elliot worked extensively throughout Delta, building many of the early homes and commercial huildings, as well as St Stephen's Presbyterian Church in East Delta in 1890-9l.

The Ladner United Church is additionally valued as an important local example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Gothic pointed-arch windows with leaded stained glass, a steeply pitched cross-gabled roofline and a corner bell tower all contribute to the historic character of this church.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Ladner United Church include its: - prominent corner location, near the centre of historic Ladner Village - continuous use as a place of worship - ecclesiastical form, scale and massing as expressed by its steeply pitched cross-gabled roof, and corner bell tower with bellcast steeple - wood-frame construction with wooden drop siding and patterned wood shingles in the gable ends including diamond, fish scale, square, and octagonal shapes - Gothic Revival-style details such as: Gothic pointed-arch windows with leaded stained glass panels; double and triple assembly-louvers in the bell tower; red-brick corbelled chimney; pointed bargeboards; decorative eave brackets and window hoods; and finials in the east and north gable peaks - windows such as its Gothic pointed-arch windows with diamond paned glass and wooden window frames - original interior features such as the wooden floor and pews

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 8 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

NELSON RESIDENCE, 10379 MAIN STREET

Historic Name: Nelson Residence Date of Construction: 1929

Description of Historic Place The Hilda and Axel Nelson Residence is a one and one-half storey, wood-frame residence that displays the late influence of the Craftsman style. It has a front-gabled roof and an inset open front verandah, and is located in the historic neighbourhood of Al1I1ieville in North Delta.

Heritage Value of the Historic Place Built in 1929, the Nelson Residence is historically significant for its association with its first owners, and their role in the fishing industry and in the Scandinavian settlement of the Al1I1ieville area. One of the most plentiful salmon runs in the world existed along the south arm of the Fraser River. The first salmon saltery was established along the banks of the Fraser River in 1864, in what became known as Gunderson Slough; it was soon followed by the Anglo British Columbia Cannery in 1870, the Brownsville Cannery in 1870 and the Deas Island Call11ery in 1873. By 1883, there were thirteen canning companies along the Fraser River, and by 1890 the salmon camling industry was so successful that one-third of canning production in British Columbia came from thc Delta area. Drawn to these booming industries, a large population of Scandinavian immigrants settled in the areas surrounding the canneries, in communities that came to be known as Almieville and Sunbury. The expansive growth of the Scandinavian community played an integral part in the development of these areas, and they werc often referred to as Romsdalen and Trondheim, paying homage to their native land. Norwegian native Hans

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -9- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

Peter Iverson (1861-1943) immigrated to Canada circa 1895 with his family, including daughter Hilda Matilda Iverson (1892-1959). Hans Iverson, like many other Norwegians, worked in the local fishing industry, and in 1905 purchased a plot of land in what is now North Delta, in the 1200-block of River Road. In July of 1910 Hilda married Aksel Astvold Nilson (1891-1941) who later changed his name to Axel Oswald Nelson. Hans Iverson sub-divided his land and gave one half to his daughter and her new husband; construction on the house began in 1928. The Iverson and Nelson families lived on the two plots of land along what became known as Main Street until their respective deaths. Both families were integral to the development of the North Delta community, remaining active in local groups and events until the middle of the twentieth century. A connecting road to Main Street has since been named Iverson Crescent in memory of the family's contributions to the community.

The Nelson Residence is also significant as an example of the late persistence of the Craftsman style of architecture. Though development generally slowed during the time of the Depression, North Delta experienced a boom at this time due to several successful fishing seasons. A number of other nearby Craftsman-style residences were constructed during the same time period as the Nelson Residence, and contribute to the historic ambience of the Annieville neighbourhood in North Delta.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Nelson Residence include its: - north-facing location, with a significant front setback, on a lot near the Fraser River in the historic neighbourhood of Annieville - continuous residential use - residential form, scale and massing as exemplified by its one and one-half storey height, rectangular plan with front-gabled roof and inset open front verandah - wood-frame constrnction including lapped wooden siding with cornerboards, and shingles at the foundation level - Craftsman-influenced features such as pointed bargeboards, dentil course spanning the front elevation, wide eaves with exposed rafters, and triangular eave-brackets - original fenestration such as: double-hung and casement windows, some with leaded glass panels; and the glazed wooden front door

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 10- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

WOODS FARM, 2675 64 STREET

Historic Name: Woods Residence & Barn Date of Construction: House 1905; Barn circa 1900

Description of Historic Place The Woods Farm is located on a 65-hectare rural property located at the south end of 64 Street in Delta, bordering the dyke that runs along Boundary Bay. The house has been modified to a symmetrical plan, while the large barn features an 'L' shaped plan and is located to the rear of the residence.

Heritage Value ofthe Historic Place Originally owned by Delta pioneers David and Annie Woods, this farm site is valued as an example of an historic Delta farmstead. It is a reminder of Delta's important agricultural past and associated with its early settlement patterns. An carly twcntieth century house and barn, and fenced pastures, illustrate the character of an historic working farm complex.

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -11- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

This farmstead typifies the growth and development of agriculture in Delta. David Woods emigrated from Ireland in 1862 and settled in British Columbia in the mid-1890s. In 1903, he bought this 6S-hectare property from the B.C. Land & Investment Company and built the house and a barn two years later. Woods lived here with his wife Annie, who was born in Ontario, and their two children, Hazel and Fergus. They farmed and raised livestock until 1907, when they moved to Vancouver. David Woods died in 1936; Fergus Woods (1899-1972) moved back to the property and farmed here for the rest of his life. The house was altered by subsequent owners, the Trottman family, in the 1970s, who modified it from its original pioneer form to a symmetrical Foursquare design. The existing barn on the site was dismantled and moved to this location from another property in the 1970s; the original barn was moved to another location in the 1980s.

The Woods Farm remains as an example of an early Delta homestead and the success and importance of the agricultural industry to the development of the Delta community.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Woods Farm include its: - location at the south end of 64 Street, adjacent to the dyke that runs along BOIDldary Bay - setting within a rural context, with open vistas across agricultnralland - continuous use as a working farm - residential form, scale and massing of the Woods Residence as expressed by its: two- storey height; front verandah; projecting semi-octagonal bay window on north side; wood-frame construction with horizontal lapped wooden siding and cornerboards; hipped roof with closed soffits; regular fenestration with double-hung I-over-l wooden-sash windows; and open front verandah with square columns and scroll-cut kuee brackets - vernacular, agricultural form, scale and massing of the barn as expressed by its gabled roof, 'L' shaped plan, heavy timber frame structnre and vertical plank board-and-batten siding - associated landscape featnres such as its mature deciduous and coniferous trees, and surrounding agricultural context

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 12 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

Woods Residence, prior to alteration (Collection of Gwen Szychter)

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES !NC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -13 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

LADNER'S LANDING

Description of Historic Place Ladner's Landing was originally the name given to the site of first Government Wharf and the site of the first Municipal Hall, and was also the name given to the village settlement that grew up in this area. Ladner's Landing is represented today by the remnants of the original Landing pilings stretching into an inlet of the Fraser River at the foot of Elliot Street in the Village of Ladner. Historically a deep-water channel was originally situated on the south side of South Arm of the Fraser River; however, it has since shifted to the north side due to the 1894 floods and the construction of man-made structures to create a deep-sea vessel channel to New Westminster.

Heritage Value of the Historic Place The site of Ladner's Landing is significant as a representation of Ladner's early settlement and development patterns, and was an early nexus of transportation. Ladner's Landing was established initially as a place to drop off and pick up goods and people along the Fraser River, as paddle steamers and a variety of other watercraft would stop here during voyages up and down the waterway. Prior to that, the waters bordering Ladner's Landing, including Ladner's Reach and Chilukthan Slough, were used by First Nations peoples for transportation and fishing. When European settlers arrived to farm the rich alluvial soils of Delta, they found that it was impractical to build roads, as the low-lying farmlands were prone to flooding. Chilukthan Slough, and other internal waterways, provided the only reliable access to farms that lacked frontage on the Strait of Georgia. These waterways allowed for the movement of both goods and people, facilitating settlement as well as agricultural and industrial development; it was during this initial period of industry and development that 'Ladner's Landing' was established as an important stop along the Fraser River.

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 14 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

The site of Ladner's Landing represents the birth of an important community along the Fraser River and was the site of municipal government, commerce and industry. In 1873, the Government Wharf was built at what is now known as Ladner's Landing, permitting the stopover of ferries and the delivery of mail, goods and produce. Spurred by this initial development, industry was attracted to the area. The Delta Cannery, built in 1878, was located adjacent to Ladner's Landing as was the first Grant & Kerr SawmilL Due to its strategic location, many of Ladner's first farmers pre-empted land adjoining Chilukthan Slough and Ladner's Reach (which both flow south to join the Straight of Georgia) including brothers William Ladner (1826-1907) and Thomas Ladner (1836-1922), the Arthurs and the Parmiters. In 1868, William H. Ladner pre-empted the 160 acres of land on what is now the Village of Ladner. In 1882, Ladner sold eight acres to New Westminster businessman Donald Chisholm and by 1888, a section ofthe eight acres was turned into the Ladner townsite, and the community continued to develop. The establishment of the Government Wharf paved the way for Ladner to play an important role in the fishing industry, and also contributed significantly to the ethnic diversity of Ladner Village as many families, a significant number of them Chinese, were attracted to the seasonal employment provided by the canneries along the Fraser River. The increase in settlers, industry, and activity at Ladner's Landing prompted the establishment of village amenities; a Municipal Hall was constructed near the Government Wharf, which was soon followed by the Delta Hotel and Saloon and McNeely's General Store, all developed prior to the year 1900. These early buildings have not survived; the only physical remnant of this early development is the original wharf pilings. The historic Village of Ladner, however, owes its existence to the original Ladner's Landing.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of Ladner's Landing include its: - original surviving wharf pilings - present-day dock, which maintains and symbolizes the relationship between the Village of Ladner and the Fraser River - waterfront landscape reflecting the agricultural and fishing origins of the Ladner community

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIA TES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 15 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

DELTA WATERWORKS

Description of Historic Place The Delta Waterworks is located within Watershed Park along the Kittson Parkway in the community of North Delta. At one time, the Waterworks consisted of kilometres of wooden pipe that would carry water to different Delta communities. Today, the site consists of a one-storey concrete pumphouse, a water tower, and several artesian wells, all of which can be found along 'Artesian Trail' near the centre of the 153-hectare Watershed Park.

Heritage Value of Historic Place The Delta Waterworks is valued as a reflection of the origins of Delta's water supply and are an integral link to the population and agricultural development of the Ladner and wider Delta communities. Artesian wells were established in what is now Watershed Park in the early 1900s, when the community was first settled and logging of the first growth forest began. The concrete pumphouse was constructed in 1906. In April of 1910, over 80 kilometres of wooden pipe was purchased from the Pacific Coast Pipe Company for $79,820.10, an expenditure that was approved by Reeve Harry J. Hutcherson and Council. The pipes consisted of wooden planks secured with heavy wire, which stretched across 73 hectares of land. This system, known as the Delta Waterworks, functioned by filtering fresh spring water up through a layer of wbite sand. The water was then collected in a holding well, which was later transferred to a reservoir. The engineer and designer of the Waterworks, Colonel E.T. Tracy, reported that the system was designed to provide 230 litres of clean drinking water to each of 10,000 people per day. Branches of the Delta Waterworks provided water to the flatlands of Delta, including the Village of Ladner; other communities, such as North Delta, had to rely on the artesian wells and local springs for their water supply.

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 16 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

The Delta Waterworks is additionally significant for its evolution over time to suit the growing Delta community. Delta acquired the land that now makes up Watershed Park in the 1920s and 1930s in order to secure a reliable water supply for tbe wider surrounding community, including North Delta. Due to Delta's early and continued dependence on the agricultural industry and the steadily growing population, the land was a critical acquisition in the maintenance of the local economic livelihood of the people of Delta. In the 1940s, the original wooden pipes were replaced with cast iron pipes. Watershed Park still contains the original artesian wells and fresh water springs that supplied water to the area, some of which still pump fresh water to the surface, though now the water flows into Watershed Creek. The Waterworks still functions as an emergency backup for the local water supply system.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Delta Waterworks include its: - continuous use as part of the local water supply - location in historic Watershed Park - original concrete water tower - original concrete pumphouse

Skaters on the Delta Water Reservoir, ca. 1920, llelta Museum and Archives (1982-64-11)

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 17- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

VANCOUVER WIRELESS COMMUNITY

Description of Historic Place The Vancouver Wireless Community consists of a rectangular, 16.18-hectare site, situated adjacent to the Boundary Bay airport within the provincial Agricultural Land Reserve in Delta. The site, which is now abandoned, is located in a restricted access zone, and is enclosed by a perimeter fence. A number of remnants of the original site are intact, including foundations from a number of buildings, paved streets laid out in a grid system with curved cuI-dc-sacs, remains of a swimming pool and reservoir, and the original guardhouse.

Heritage Value of Historic Place The Vancouver Wireless Community is historically significant as a rare survlvmg Canadian example of a purpose-built community dating from the postwar era, and is additionally valued as a symbol of Canada's wartime and military efforts. During the Second World War, the Federal Government built the Boundary Bay Airport, which opened in 1941, to serve as a training school for the Royal Canadian Air Force. This "aerodrome" was also designed to accommodate Lancaster bombers, in order to defend the coastal region of British Columbia against potential Japanese attack. Delta was selected as the site for the airport, due to favorable local weather conditions, flat topography and low population density. The airport was decommissioned in 1946, and two years later the federal government initiated plans to redevelop it as the Vancouver Wireless Station, to be operated by the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals. This was a response to the continuing 'Cold War' of military tension and political conflict, engendered by an intense distrust of the Soviet Union that followed the end of the Second World War.

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 -18 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

The eXlstmg airport structure were reused, with several additions. The Operations Building, which acted as the nerve centre, monitored outgoing communications from the Soviet mainland, the Soviet Arctic, and Soviet ships and submarines at sea. At the peak of operation, the Vancouver Wireless Station employed 200 highly trained military personnel as well as civilians, including operational and support staff.

In order to sustain the continuous operations of the Wireless Station, an adjacent residential community was developed to house the military personnel. In addition to a number of houses, the community included amenities such as a grocery store, a gymnasium, woodworking and automotive shops, a sports field with a baseball diamond, an engineering station with a heating plant, and a fire hall. In March of 1949, the Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Augustine opened to serve the spiritual needs of the community. A local school was also built to educate local children. By 1950, the population of Vancouver Wireless Station had grown so rapidly that thirty-five additional permanent married quarters had to be built. Another thirty-five units were built in 1952, bringing the total number of Permanent Married Quarters to 120 units. Community spirit was fostered by a number of social clubs and sporting events including badminton, baseball and bowling. Other social clubs included a Ham Radio Club, a Woodscraft Club, Mechanical Crafts, a Photography Club, a Military Rifle Club and a Drama club. Movies were regularly screened at the Theatre building.

The Vancouver Wireless Station continued operations until 1971, which had then become known as the Canadian Forces Station. The Vancouver Wireless Station relocated in 1971 to Masset on the Queen Charlotte Islands. A total of 112 of the buildings were sold to four First Nations groups and barged up coast to new locations. The Vancouver Wireless Protestant Chapel was relocated for use as the North Delta Regular Baptist Church. The Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Augustine was relocated to Westham Island for use by the Delta & Ladner Rod & Gun Club. Very little remains visible onsite of the original community, although its pattern of development is clearly indicated by the abandoned streets. The airport site was used for various social and sports activities for the Delta community, and was restored and reopened in 1983 as Boundary Bay Airport.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of the Vancouver Wireless Community include its: - location on a rectangular, 16.18-hectare site, situated adjacent to the Boundary Bay airport within the provincial Agricultural Land Reserve - original paved streets, laid out in a grid system with curved cuI-dc-sacs - concrete remains of a swimming pool, reservoir and former residences - original guardbouse at the point of entry - associated landscape features including an abundance of marsh lands, mature trees including oak and birch, and expansive open fields

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 19- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

LADNER HARBOUR

Description of Historic Place Ladner Harbour has evolved dramatically over time, beginning as a place on the South Ann on the Fraser River and located at the north end of present day Elliot Street at Ladner's Landing. Today it measures approximately one kilometer in length and is represented by the remnants of the original Landing pilings and an inlet of the Fraser River, adjacent to the marshlands and islands of the lower Fraser estuary. Historically the deep-water channel was originally situated on the south side of the South Arm of the Fraser River; however, it has since shifted to the north side due to the 1894 floods and the construction of man-made structures to create a deep sea vessel channel to New Westminster.

Heritage Value of Historic Place Ladner Harbour is valued as an integral component of the establishment and development of both the community of Ladner and the municipality of Delta, and as an early nexus of transportation. Originally situated on a deep-water channel of the South Ann of the Fraser River, the Harbour was seen as an ideal stopping-off point for vessels travelling up

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 20- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

and down the river. Prior to European settlement, First Nations people utilized the channel for transportation and established seasonal fishing camps along the riverbanks.

Between 1865 and 1959, the Harbour was one of the busiest along the Fraser River and a variety of marine vessels travelled here, including coastal and river steamers. The deep water channel of Ladner Harbour provided European settlers, who arrived to farm the rich soils of the Delta area, with a practical mode of transportation. The low-lying farmlands were prone to flooding, and an intemal road system could not be developed until an extensive system of dykes was constructed in the 1890s; inland access was provided by Chilukthan Slough. The Harbour was therefore the essential link between Delta farms and the markets in New Westminster and the Lower Mainland.

As an convenient stopping point along the Fraser River, Ladner Harbour encouraged the development of amenities and homes in what became the village of Ladner. In 1868, William H. Ladner pre-empted the 160 acres of land where the village later developed, and by 1875, specifications had been prepared for the development of a Wharf and Approach. In 1880, the Fraser River was dredged for the first time in order to create a shipping channel from the Strait of Georgia through to New Westminster, which was the agricultural, fishing, and commercial hub of thc region. Warehouse buildings were constructed adjacent to Ladner Harbour, including the Brackman-Ker Warehouse and Massey's Machine Shop, that supported the successful Fraser River fishing industry as well as local agriculture. This resulted in increased activity, settlement, and development in and around the Harbour.

Ladner Harbour was dredged and improved continuously to create a deeper channel in order to accommodate larger vessels and to counteract the silting of the inlet. From 1912 until 1930, ferry service existed between Ladner and Woodward's Landing in Richmond, as well as between Ladner and Steveston. In 1958, the Department of Public Works awarded $25,000 for improvements to Ladner Harbour, resulting in the construction of a new timber wharf and gangway. Although the extent of commercial activity has now been greatly reduced, Ladner Harbour was an essential component of the development and success of the Ladner community.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of Ladner Harbour include its: - setting on the South Arm of the Fraser River with views to the village of Ladner and the Fraser River estuary - location between the village of Ladner and Ladner Marsh - built infrastructure such as the wharf, gangway, and slips - original surviving wharf pilings - associated landscape and environmental features including the surrounding marshlands and forested area

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 21 - CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

LADNER HARBOUR PARK AND THE SWENSON TRAIL, 4905 McNEELY'S WAY

Description of Historic Place Ladner Harbour Park and the Swenson Trail are located in the Ladner Marsh at 4905 McNeely's Way in Ladner, Delta. Characterized by its forest cover, the Ladner Harbour Park offers expansive views of the Fraser River and estnary. The Park and Trail are located across the inlet from the historic village of Ladner.

Heritage Value of Historic Place Ladner Harbour Park is valued as an important green space in the Ladner community and for its association with the commemoration of British Columbia's Centennial, the celebration of which was spearheaded by prominent community member, Jens Arthur Swenson. Developed with funds allocated by the federal, provincial and municipal governments, the establishment of Ladner Harbour Park was one-half of the Delta centennial project, which also included the North Delta Library. Attempts to name the newly-created Park after Swenson failed; the Park was instead dedicated to him and a

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 22- CORPORATION OF DELTA STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, 2009

trail created and named in his honour. Swenson (1894-1977) was the son of a Swedish family that settled on Westham Island in 1888. He spent his childhood in Ladner, attending the community's first high school, before leaving to spend a year in Sweden. In 1918, during the First World War, Arthur Swenson was shipped overseas with the 15 th Battery; he moved back to his hometown of Delta with his wife and children in 1929. Swenson was an active member of the Ladner and Delta communities, serving on municipal council and holding leadership positions in a number of organizations including as president of the B.C. Federation of Agriculture and the Delta Chamber of Commerce. Due to his prolific contributions to the community, Swenson was elected Delta's Citizen of the Year in 1968.

Ladner Harbour Park and the Swenson Trail are additionally significant as conservation and recreational space for Ladner and the wider Delta community. Ladner Harbour Park was formed as a result of the dredging of Ladner Harbour, which piled silt onto the banks of the Fraser River. Now a significant natural resource, Ladner Harbour Park contains native cottonwood trees, which attract bald eagles. The extensive network of trails offers expansive views of, as well as beach access to, the Fraser River. Frequented by locals and visitors alike, the Park continues today to be a valuable gathering place, hosting several community events every year and providing a scenic setting for a variety of activities.

Character-Defining Elements Key elements that define the heritage character of Ladner Harbour Park and the Swenson Trail include their: - setting in the Ladner Marsh with views of the Fraser River, located across the inlet from the historic village of Ladner - open spatial qualities with picnic and play areas in relationship with heavily wooded areas and a network of trails - forested setting with numerous mature trees including native cottonwoods - commemorative centennial plaque dedicating Ladner Harbour Park to 1. Arthur Swenson

DONALD LUXTON & ASSOCIATES INC.: NOVEMBER 2009 - 23-