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Census of Prison Inmates and Home Detainees 2003

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Census of Prison Inmates and Home Detainees 2003 DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS Census of Prison Inmates and Home Detainees 2003 David Harpham Strategic Analysis Policy Development Group Department of Corrections November 2004 Published in November 2004 Department of Corrections Private Box 1206 Wellington New Zealand © Crown Copyright ISSN 1176-5100 Introduction A census of prison inmates has been carried out biennially in November since 1987. The Department of Justice administered the census until 1993, and the Ministry of Justice until 1997. The Department of Corrections took over this responsibility in 1999. The current census provides statistical data on inmates within the prison system as at 20 November 2003. The census contains data on offender age, ethnicity, sentence details, offending history, gang membership, education, income, children and marriage, iwi affiliation, programmes and activities, use of medication, and other topics. The purpose of the census exercise is to provide updated information concerning key characteristics of the New Zealand inmate population. Taken together with previous censuses, trends and patterns in this population may be identified. Information was collected from several sources. For the first time, the census used the Department of Corrections’ Integrated Offender Management System (IOMS) database as the primary data source. To obtain details not normally recorded in IOMS, a supplementary census questionnaire (comprising a small number of questions) was then sent to prison staff to complete in interview with inmates. Prison health services staff also collated numbers of inmates on medication, and programme personnel collated numbers of inmates on programmes. Inmate numbers tend to fluctuate in a predictable manner over the course of each week. The general pattern is mainly a function of prison releases occurring on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays. The prison population tends to decrease slightly over those days, and then gradually builds up again to a peak on Sunday nights. To be consistent with prior censuses the current census was scheduled for a Thursday. Home detention figures relate to the Sunday following the day of the main census. The set of offenders summarised for the Home Detention section was extracted from the Department’s data warehouse (known as Corrections Analysis & Reporting System, or CARS), using a “snapshot” dated 23 November 2003, a date three days after the prison census data collection. Where possible, time series data are presented to enable comparisons between current figures and those of previous prison censuses (often as far back as 1991). Unfortunately some of the time series comparisons are subject to discontinuities due to a change in census methodology from one year to the next. Changes specific to the current census’s methodology are discussed in detail in chapter 17 of this booklet. As with any statistical data collection, the presence of error is to some extent inevitable, for a variety of reasons. While several strategies have been employed in this exercise to minimise errors and provide quality assurance to the data set, given budget and time constraints it must be accepted that some errors will have survived. The methodology used in this census will be reviewed prior to the next census in November 2005, and further changes may be made. Further, there is likely to be further revision of the topic areas included (and excluded) from future censuses. iii Feedback regarding the current statistical data set, and comment about the changes made to content and format, are welcome. iv Census 2003 Department of Corrections Contents 1 Executive Summary 11 1.1 Snapshot Data 11 1.2 Time Series Trends 12 2 Inmate Numbers by Institution 13 2.1 Sentenced and Remanded Inmates 13 2.2 Deportation 14 2.3 Segregation 15 2.4 Inmate Ethnicity by Institution 16 3 Demographics 19 3.1 Age 19 3.2 Ethnicity 19 3.3 Age and Ethnicity 20 3.4 Iwi affiliation 21 4 Current Sentence 23 4.1 Sentence Length 23 4.2 Time left to serve 23 4.3 Major Offence 24 4.4 Major offence of segregated inmates 24 4.5 Violent and sex offenders 25 4.6 Security Classification 25 4.7 Risk of Re-offending 26 5 Offending History 27 5.1 Previous Sentences 27 5.2 Age at first sentence 27 5.3 Previous Major Offence 28 5.4 Previous Major Offence for Violent Offenders 28 5.5 Previous Periods in Custody 29 5.6 Age at First Custodial Sentence 30 6 Gang Membership 31 6.1 Gang Membership 31 6.2 Major Offence 31 7 Education and Incomes 33 7.1 Highest Educational Level Attended 33 7.2 Education Qualifications 33 7.3 Income Sources 33 8 Programmes 35 8.1 Inmate Programmes 35 8.2 Inmate health 37 9 Children and Marriage 39 9.1 Marriage 39 9.2 Living with Children 39 9.3 Care of Children 39 10 Traffic Offenders 41 11 Remanded Inmates 43 11.1 Age and Ethnicity 43 11.2 Major Charge 44 11.3 Sentencing History 45 11.4 Gang Membership 46 11.5 Educational Qualifications 47 11.6 Income Sources 48 11.7 Dependent Children 48 Department of Corrections Census 2003 v 12 Home Detention 51 12.1 Home detention by region 51 12.2 Age and Ethnicity 51 12.3 Major Offence 52 12.4 Offending History 52 13 Time Series Comparison 55 13.1 Inmate Numbers 55 13.2 Age 55 13.3 Ethnicity 56 13.4 Custodial Period Imposed 57 13.5 Major Offence 58 13.6 Security Status 60 13.7 Protective Custody (Segregation) 60 13.8 Previous Sentences 61 13.9 Age at First Sentence 62 13.10 Previous Periods in Custody 63 13.11 Age at First Custodial Sentence 64 13.12 Gangs 64 13.13 Dependent children 65 14 Census Data Sources 67 14.1 Raw data collected 67 14.2 Inmate medication data 68 14.3 Inmate programmes data 68 14.4 Inmate questionnaire 69 15 Derived data and data categorisation 71 15.1 Age 71 15.2 Time Left to Serve 71 15.3 Custodial Period Imposed 71 15.4 Total Time Imposed 71 15.5 Marital status categories 71 15.6 Highest qualification level categories 72 15.7 Highest educational level attended categories 72 15.8 Primary gang 72 15.9 Primary income 72 15.10 Preferred ethnicity and combined ethnicity 72 15.11 Offence categories 75 15.12 Special focus units 76 15.13 Home detention (CPS) regions 76 15.14 Iwi regions 77 15.15 Progammes Groups 78 16 Census Data Quality 79 17 Changes Since Prison Census 2001 81 17.1 Prison and policy changes 81 17.2 Definitions changes 81 17.3 Table Changes. 83 18 References 85 vi Census 2003 Department of Corrections List of Tables Table 2-1 Sentenced and remand inmates by institution 13 Table 2-2 Planned deportation of sentenced inmates by institution 14 Table 2-3 Segregation of remanded and sentenced inmates by institution 15 Table 2-4 Primary ethnicity of sentenced inmates by institution 16 Table 2-5 Primary ethnicity of remanded inmates by institution 17 Table 3-1 Age of sentenced inmates 19 Table 3-2 Ethnic group of sentenced inmates 19 Table 3-3 Ethnic group by age for male sentenced inmates 20 Table 3-4 Ethnic group by age for female sentenced inmates 20 Table 3-5 Region of iwi identified by sentenced inmates. 21 Table 4-1 Custodial period imposed for sentenced inmates 23 Table 4-2 Time left to serve until final/statutory release date for sentenced inmates 24 Table 4-3 Major offence of sentenced inmates 24 Table 4-4 Segregated inmates by major offence 25 Table 4-5 Violent offences of sentenced inmates 25 Table 4-6 Security status for sentenced inmates 26 Table 4-7 Risk scores of sentenced inmates 26 Table 5-1 Number of previous sentences for sentenced inmates 27 Table 5-2 Age at first sentence for sentenced inmates 28 Table 5-3 Previous major offence of sentenced inmates 28 Table 5-4 Previous major offence of inmates currently sentenced for violence. 29 Table 5-5 Previous periods in custody for sentenced inmates 29 Table 5-6 Total time imposed in previous custodial sentences for sentenced inmates 30 Table 5-7 Age at first custodial sentence for sentenced inmates 30 Table 6-1 Gang membership of sentenced inmates 31 Table 6-2 Major offence of gang sentenced inmates 31 Table 7-1 Highest educational level attended by sentenced inmates 33 Table 7-2 Educational qualifications obtained by sentenced inmates 33 Table 7-3 Source of income prior to entering prison of sentenced inmates 34 Table 8-1 Sentenced inmates resident in special focus units. 35 Table 8-2 Sentenced inmates currently participating in reintegrative programmes 35 Table 8-3 Inmates (remand and sentenced) and employment. 36 Table 8-4 Sentenced and remand inmates currently receiving medication 37 Table 9-1 Marital status for sentenced inmates 39 Table 9-2 Sentenced inmates with child custodial dependents at imprisonment 39 Table 9-3 Care of sentenced inmates’ children 40 Table 10-1 Traffic offences of sentenced inmates 41 Table 10-2 Age of traffic offender sentenced inmates 41 Table 10-3 Previous sentences by prior major offence type – sentenced traffic offence inmates 42 Table 10-4 Previous custodial sentences by offence type - sentenced traffic offence inmates 42 Table 11-1 Age of remand inmates 43 Table 11-2 Ethnic group of remand inmates 43 Table 11-3 Ethnic group by age for remanded inmates 44 Table 11-4 Major charge of remand inmates 44 Table 11-5 Number of previous sentences for remand inmates 45 Table 11-6 Age at first sentence for remand inmates 45 Department of Corrections Census 2003 vii Table 11-7 Number of previous custodial sentences for remand inmates 46 Table 11-8 Age at first custodial sentence for remand inmates 46 Table 11-9 Gang membership of remand inmates 47 Table 11-10 Highest educational level attended by remand inmates 47 Table 11-11 Educational qualifications obtained by remand inmates 47 Table 11-12 Source of income prior to entering prison of remand inmates 48 Table 11-13 Remand inmates with child custodial dependents at imprisonment.
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