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Isometopine Plant Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), Preferably Inhabiting Fraxinus Griffithii on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyus, Japan

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Isometopine Plant Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), Preferably Inhabiting Fraxinus Griffithii on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyus, Japan T YASUNAGA Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu ISOMETOPINE PLANT BUGS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE), PREFERABLY INHABITING FRAXINUS GRIFFITHII ON ISHIGAKI ISLAND OF THE RYUKYUS, JAPAN Yasunaga, T., 2005. Isometopine plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), preferably inhabiting Fraxinus griffithii, on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyus, Japan. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 341-349, figs. 1-36 . [ 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 2005. Seven species of the isometopine plant bugs were confirmed to co-occur on bark or trunk of a broadleaved ash, Fraxinus griffithii C. B. Clarke on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyus, a subtropi- cal island group of Japan. Three species are described as new, one of them representing a new genus, Isometopus ishigaki sp. n., I. takaii sp. n., and Kohnometopus fraxini gen. n. et sp. n. Habi- tat preferences of these species are discussed. Tomohide Yasunaga, c/o JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Nepal Office, P. O. Box 450, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: [email protected] Key words. – Heteroptera; Miridae; Isometopinae; new genus; new species; habitat; Fraxinus griffithii; Japan. The plant bug subfamily Isometopinae is charac- Fraxinus griffithii C. B. Clarke (Oleaceae), growing in terized by the presence of ocelli on the vertex. Since subtropical forests. Three species appeared to be un- the other species of the Miridae do not possess ocelli, described, one of them representing a new genus. the isometopine plant bugs are considered to be the These new taxa are described and figured in the most plesiomorphic group within the family. Isome- present paper, and the habitat preferences of the topinae may be confused with certain species of the ash-inhabiting species are discussed. Anthocoridae, but isometopine bugs are readily dis- tinguished by the rounded, closed venation on the M hemelytral membrane. The isometopine mirids are considered to be pre- Investigations in Ishigaki Island were attempted dominantly predaceous, and are known particularly throughout almost a whole year in 2001 and 2002 by to inhabit bark of various trees and to prey on scale the author himself and several enthusiastic colleagues, insects and other tiny arthropods (Wheeler 2001, with a pinpoint search on bark and/or trunk of Yasunaga 2001). All Japanese isometopine species Fraxinus griffithii. Fifty-five specimens including im- also appear to inhabit the bark of broadleaved trees, mature forms were collected, and are now preserved although Isometopus japonicus Hasegawa, 1956 has in the author’s collection unless otherwise men- been found on Picea conifers as well (Yasunaga 2001, tioned. Their capture was performed basically by Yasunaga & Hayashi 2002). hand challenging. In our previous works, nine species in four genera All measurements are given in mm. Synonymic of Isometopinae were documented from Japan lists for known species are not cited, because compre- (Yasunaga 2001, Yasunaga & Hayashi 2002). Subse- hensive catalogues are now available (Kerzhner & quent investigations by the author and colleagues Josifov 1999, Schuh 1995). Habitus photographs of were carried out on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyus, a live individuals were primarily made by means of an subtropical island group in the southern part of Olympus OM-System (OM-4Ti 35 mm reflex cam- Japan. Eight species were discovered, seven of them era body with T10 macro ring flash and 38mm/f2.8 predominantly on or under bark of a species of ash, macro lens connected with auto extension tube). 341 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 03:11:34AM via free access T E, 148, 2005 2 3 4 5 1 10 6 8 11 9 7 Figs. 1-11. Isometopine plant bugs from Ishigaki Island. – 1, An ash tree, Fraxinus griffithii, at Fukami-Omoto, Ishigaki Island, with a Kohnometopus fraxini female sitting on the bark (in circle); 2-5, Isometopus ishigaki; 2 & 3, holotype male; 4, females; 5, final instar nymph (same individual as holotype). 6-7. I. takaii; 6, holotype male; 7, female. 8-11. Kohnometo- pus fraxini; 8, male; 9-10, female; 11, final instar nymph. 342 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 03:11:34AM via free access Y: Isometopine plant bugs on Fraxinus Other digital photographic images were made with a arched posterior margin; mesoscutum blackish Canon EOS Kiss Digital reflex camera body adapted brown, with paler lateral margin; scutellum blackish to an Olympus SZX-12 binocular stereoscopic mi- brown, with continuously pale brown apical part and croscope. lateral margin forming V-shape; pleura dark brown; propleuron darkened anteriorly, shining. Hemelytron pale yellowish brown, semitransparent; membrane L pale grayish brown, semitransparent. Leg yellowish Astroscopometopus gryllocephalus (Miyamoto, Yasunaga brown; each femur with an apical, oblique ring near & Hayashi, 1996) apex; metatibia subequal in length to metafemur; Isometopus hasegawai Miyamoto, 1965 lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 1.00, 1.04, Isometopus ishigaki sp. n. 0.29. Abdomen dark castaneous, shining. Male geni- Isometopus takaii sp. n. talia: figs. 22-25. Setae on genital segment short and Kohnometopus fraxini gen. n. & sp. n. sparse. Left paramere with rather tumid sensory lobe. Myiomma minutum Miyamoto, 1965 Vesica almost simply membranous, a little pigment- Myiomma samuelsoni Miyamoto, 1965 ed. Female: Similar to male in overall appearance but Myiomma takahashii Yasunaga & Hayashi, 2002 significantly darkened. Body pale yellowish brown, tinged with gray; dorsal surface provided with dark marks. Lengths of antennal segments I-IV: 0.13, D 0.56, 0.38, 0.21. Pronotum darkened anteriorly, with three spots anteromesally and anterolaterally. Heme- Isometopus ishigaki sp. n. lytron with a dark, square mark on corium and a (figs. 2-5, 12-14, 22-25) medial dark stripe on cuneus; membrane darkened Isometopus mahal: Yasunaga, 2001: 120, pl. 92 (diag., dist., mesally. Lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 1.13, host); Yasunaga & Hayashi 2002: 100, fig. 16 (list, dist.) 1.13, 0.31. [not Distant, 1910: 294]. Dimensions. - (/&: Body length 3.17/3.10; head width across eyes 0.88/0.91; vertex width 0.25/0.31; Type material. – Holotype (, : Ryukyus, mesal pronotal length 0.48/0.53; basal pronotal Ishigaki Is., Mt. Fukami-Omoto, on bark of Fraxinus width 1.56/1.64; and width across hemelytra griffithii, 28. xi. 2001, M. Takai. – Paratypes: 2&, 1.92/2.10. Ishigaki Is., Mt. Banna, on Cinnamomum japonicum, Etymology. – Named after Ishigaki Island, type 19. iii. 1973, S. Kawai (National Institute of Agro- locality of this new species; a noun in apposition. Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba); 1&, same Distribution. – Japan (Ryukyus: Ishigaki Is.). locality and collector as for holotype, 18. v. 2002; Discussion. – This new species was tentatively 2&, same locality as for holotype, 28. ix. 2002, reported from Japan as I. mahal (Distant, 1904) de- T. Yasunaga. scribed from Kurseong, North India (Yasunaga 2001, Yasunaga & Hayashi 2002). Only two female speci- Diagnosis. – Recognized by the yellowish brown mens were available at the moment. Isometopus mahal dorsal coloration with the significant dark markings and I. ishigaki sp. n. are closely related, but I. ishigaki in &, narrow head with the height about half as long can be distinguished by the different pattern of dark as the width across eyes, and short metafemur that is marks on the pronotum and hemelytron; a mesal as long as the metatibia. The final instar nymph of the dark stripe on the pronotum and a large fuscous spot present new species is easily recognized by the gener- on the exocorium are obliterated, and a cuneal dark ally grayish white coloration, flattened, rounded mark is also forming a narrow stripe in this new body, and a flat, semicircular anterior projection of species. Another close relative of I. ishigaki is consid- the head. ered to be I. nigrosignatus described on a single female Description. – Male: Body generally pale ochreous, from Yunnan Prov., continental China by Ren ovate; dorsal surface weakly shining, with uniformly (1987). The new species can be distinguished from distributed, pale, reclining pubescence. Head with a this Chinese congener by the frontal head lacking a black, semi-circular mark along ventral margin of a dark, independent circular spot below the compound compound eye; head height about half as long as eye, and continuous lateral pale area of the scutellum width across eyes; frons with a mesal, black, pentagon that is not narrowed towards its base. mark below. Antenna yellowish brown; lengths of The final instar nymph of I. ishigaki is similar in segments I-IV: 0.13, 0.63, 0.38, 0.20. Rostrum short, general appearance to that of European congeners, not reaching apex of mesocoxa. Pronotum darkened I. intrusus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) and I. milificus anteriorly, weakly shining, uniformly punctate, less (Mulsant & Rey, 1879), judging from excellent fig- than half as long as basal width, with wound, mesally ures presented by Wachmann et al. (2004). Although 343 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 03:11:34AM via free access T E, 148, 2005 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 19 Figs. 12-21. Isometopine plant bugs from Ishigaki Island. – 12-14, Isometopus ishigaki, holotype male; 15-17, I. takaii, holo- type male; 18-21, Kohnometopus fraxini; 18-20, holotype male; 21, female. – 12, 15 & 18, Anterior part in dorsal view; 13, 16, 20 & 21, left lateral view; 14, 17 & 19, frontal view. 344 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 03:11:34AM via free access Y: Isometopine plant bugs on Fraxinus no other report or observation on immature forms of fuscous but generally castaneous, somewhat constrict- Asian Isometopus species is currently available, the ed near base of forewing. Lengths of antennal flattened, rounded body and semicircular projection segments I-IV: 0.15, 0.63, 0.43, 0.25. Apical half of of the head appear to be common characters shared scutellum and base of cuneus yellowish brown. by many members of the genus. I have confirmed Lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 0.94, 1.06, I.
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