Global Trends in Mid-Market Private Equity Investing

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Global Trends in Mid-Market Private Equity Investing Investment Perspectives MARCH 2021 GLOBAL TRENDS IN MID-MARKET PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTING GLOBAL TRENDS IN MID-MARKET PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTING | 1 We are delighted to share our aspects in the management of There are macro developments that perspective and insights on some of portfolio companies: workers’ give us reason to be optimistic. In the major industry trends influencing safety, cost control, and supply chain December 2020, within days of the our private equity business, and what maintenance. In particular, managers, transition period deadline, a new this means for 2021 and beyond. with the support of a banking Brexit deal was agreed between the system that showed more flexibility EU and the UK, removing significant As we reflect on 2020, it is clear that compared to the last recession along uncertainty and volatility from the this was a year of two halves. Private with a greater role of private credit market. As the global vaccine rollout equity deal-making fell sharply as capital as a buffer, particularly in the gathers pace and life returns to the pandemic took hold. Sponsors middle market, ensured portfolio some form of normality, increased quickly turned their attention to their companies implemented important consumer spending will have a portfolios rather than commit to new measures aimed at safeguarding direct benefit on consumer-facing investment opportunities. Indeed, liquidity. In addition, managers businesses, albeit gradually, which there were winners, such as tech and have taken full advantage of simulates the performance of healthcare companies that benefitted programs made available by national companies coming out of a recession. from healthy capital markets and the governments, including tax breaks, History shows that this is an excellent IPO window, and losers, such as travel social security safety-nets and other time to invest. and leisure companies hurt by the economic support tools. lock-down restrictions. However, on A low interest rate environment balance, most portfolio companies The asset class as a whole, particularly coupled with sizeable levels of adapted well to the new conditions the buyout segment, has been able available capital paves the way for and mid-market firms actually fared to influence management decisions, continued high prices for attractive better than many larger companies. intervene with capital to support corporate assets, particularly for As a result, new deal activity picked portfolio companies’ liquidity crises businesses that have shown that up sharply in the second half of the and seize possible acquisition they can adapt to the impact of year. opportunities. Additionally, with the restrictions brought on by the managers taking a more hands-on pandemic. Historically low rates will The private equity industry saw the approach and appointing operating also mean that companies should be development of various trends over partners to look after the assets able to deleverage more quickly and the past 12 months that are expected day to day, private equity has therefore generate equity value. to accelerate in the coming years, developed a model providing for largely due to the repercussions closer collaboration with portfolio of the pandemic. These include companies’ management, allowing for increasing digitization and the so- a rapid intervention on organizational called “flight-to-quality” by investors. and operational changes, often The experience gained during the necessary in emergency situations. global financial crisis (GFC) and its aftermath has helped the industry react swiftly to the pandemic by paying immediate attention to key 2 | GLOBAL TRENDS IN MID-MARKET PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTING | 3 PRIMARIES MARKET OVERVIEW Investors have shown a willingness to continue COVID-19 cases, Capital Dynamics saw a drop in to investors and operating metrics in order to equity deals – the highest on record according to invest capital in private equity during the the number of deals as early as February, while facilitate investment decisions. More tech and to Preqin data. Managers have focused even most volatile time in the market with global in Europe and the U.S. a contraction of about growth-oriented managers have been investing more closely on companies that are industry fundraising reaching over USD 500 billion in 35% occurred from March and April onwards. in digital and artificial intelligence tools to leaders, particularly in countercyclical sectors, 2020. In this context, we have observed a However, Asia, led by China, saw the fastest effectively screen the investible universe and such as healthcare, technology and food & growing bifurcation between top-tier access- recovery in activity levels, ending the first half of refine their pipelines in real time. Furthermore, beverages. restricted managers who are able to meet their the year with a higher number of deals than the we have observed an increasing focus on fundraising targets despite the pandemic, and previous year. In Europe and the U.S., activity managers supporting their portfolio companies The expectation for the next few years is for the rest who are experiencing longer fundraising started to bounce back substantially from June in their digital transformation process. An an increase in sector-focused funds: in 2008, periods. and increased over the course of the year. increasing number of managers have engaged the amount of capital raised by technology- with digital operations specialists to support focused managers represented only 3% of Many investors that were historically willing to companies on a number of different projects, total fundraising globally, while in 2019 this commit capital only after conducting in-person INCREASING SHIFT TOWARDS DIGITIZATION ranging from IT and business integration proportion grew to more than 20%. Despite meetings, now feel more confident in finalizing tasks to digital marketing, data analytics and the ramifications of the pandemic, this “flight- diligence processes remotely, particularly with As highlighted in the introduction, a major e-commerce development. to-quality”, together with high valuations in the respect to re-ups. Similarly, across the primaries trend we have witnessed over much of the past public markets, kept entry prices at high levels strategy at Capital Dynamics, the team has not year is the industry’s increasing shift towards in the first half of 2020, with overall buyout made any fund investments since the onset of digitization, both at a manager and portfolio GREATER SECTOR SPECIALIZATION entry valuations in Europe reaching 11.7x. This the pandemic without having already previously company level, particularly since the onset of compares with 9.3x for the mid-market, which met the managers face-to-face pre-pandemic. the pandemic. Many private equity managers Another major trend that has become more suggests greater value in that segment of the Capital Dynamics believes in the importance have been able to adapt quickly to a new pronounced since the pandemic is greater market. of its primaries team’s ongoing engagement working environment. Virtual annual meetings sector specialization. In 2006, for instance, the with managers in between their fundraising and due diligence video calls with investors percentage of European buyout deals in the processes. and portfolio companies’ management teams technology sector was just 9%. This increased became routine fairly swiftly. to 24% in 2019. This trend has been accelerating Throughout 2020, deal making decreased during the pandemic, supported by the so-called following the spread of the pandemic. Starting Managers are progressively adopting new “flight-to-quality” by investors, with technology with Asia, the geographic area with the first technology platforms to deliver more insights sector deals accounting for 27% of all private GLOBAL TRENDS IN MID-MARKET PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTING 4 | GLOBAL TRENDS IN MID-MARKET PRIVATE EQUITY INVESTING | 5 SECONDARIES MARKET OVERVIEW The secondary market has seen rapid growth in Contrarily, fundraising in 2020 hit record to manage their private equity portfolios, for Below are some examples we are particularly recent years. Transaction volume has more than highs as investors expecting a perfect buying both allocation and administrative purposes. excited about: tripled over the last decade, while the public opportunity poured capital into multi-billion Furthermore, there is also a pent up supply of markets experienced the longest bull market dollar secondary funds such that there was GP-led deals as an increasing number of funds (i) Transactions facing limited to no run in history. Even though these volumes likely twice as much capital raised than are ageing and exits opportunities remain competition. For example, we see GP- have been driven mostly by large transactions, deployed last year. Looking ahead, we believe challenging. led deals with Asian managers as being there have been a number of trends that have that this large amount of available capital will attractive as they tend to be complex and hence require significant structuring significantly contributed to this growth. This drive a highly competitive secondaries market We also expect to find opportunities where expertise while the assets often have a lot includes: on larger deals and on large GP-led transactions. there are liquidity issues, given that the pain of growth potential; (i) An increase in active portfolio It is possible that this effect will be even more from the pandemic will be ongoing for a while. Firms with
Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 16 ESTIMATING EQUITY VALUE PER SHARE in Chapter 15, We Considered How Best to Estimate the Value of the Operating Assets of the Firm
    1 CHAPTER 16 ESTIMATING EQUITY VALUE PER SHARE In Chapter 15, we considered how best to estimate the value of the operating assets of the firm. To get from that value to the firm value, you have to consider cash, marketable securities and other non-operating assets held by a firm. In particular, you have to value holdings in other firms and deal with a variety of accounting techniques used to record such holdings. To get from firm value to equity value, you have to determine what should be subtracted out from firm value – i.e, the value of the non-equity claims in the firm. Once you have valued the equity in a firm, it may appear to be a relatively simple exercise to estimate the value per share. All it seems you need to do is divide the value of the equity by the number of shares outstanding. But, in the case of some firms, even this simple exercise can become complicated by the presence of management and employee options. In this chapter, we will measure the magnitude of this option overhang on valuation and then consider ways of incorporating the effect into the value per share. The Value of Non-operating Assets Firms have a number of assets on their books that can be categorized as non- operating assets. The first and obvious one is cash and near-cash investments – investments in riskless or very low-risk investments that most companies with large cash balances make. The second is investments in equities and bonds of other firms, sometimes for investment reasons and sometimes for strategic ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Profitability and Equity Value
    Growth, Profitability and Equity Value Meng Li and Doron Nissim* Columbia Business School July 2014 Abstract When conducting valuation analysis, practitioners and researchers typically predict growth and profitability separately, implicitly assuming that these two value drivers are uncorrelated. However, due to economic and accounting effects, profitability shocks increase both growth and subsequent profitability, resulting in a strong positive correlation between growth and subsequent profitability. This correlation increases the expected value of future earnings and thus contributes to equity value. We show that the value effect of the growth-profitability covariance on average explains more than 10% of equity value, and its magnitude varies substantially with firm size (-), volatility (+), profitability (-), and expected growth (+). The covariance value effect is driven by both operating and financing activities, but large effects are due primarily to operating shocks. One implication of our findings is that conducting scenario analysis or using other methods that incorporate the growth-profitability correlation (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations, decision trees) is particularly important when valuing small, high volatility, low profitability, or high growth companies. In contrast, for mature, high profitability companies, covariance effects are typically small and their omission is not likely to significantly bias value estimates. * Corresponding author; 604 Uris Hall, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027; phone: (212) 854-4249; [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Careers in Quantitative Finance by Steven E
    Careers in Quantitative Finance by Steven E. Shreve1 August 2018 1 What is Quantitative Finance? Quantitative finance as a discipline emerged in the 1980s. It is also called financial engineering, financial mathematics, mathematical finance, or, as we call it at Carnegie Mellon, computational finance. It uses the tools of mathematics, statistics, and computer science to solve problems in finance. Computational methods have become an indispensable part of the finance in- dustry. Originally, mathematical modeling played the dominant role in com- putational finance. Although this continues to be important, in recent years data science and machine learning have become more prominent. Persons working in the finance industry using mathematics, statistics and computer science have come to be known as quants. Initially relegated to peripheral roles in finance firms, quants have now taken center stage. No longer do traders make decisions based solely on instinct. Top traders rely on sophisticated mathematical models, together with analysis of the current economic and financial landscape, to guide their actions. Instead of sitting in front of monitors \following the market" and making split-second decisions, traders write algorithms that make these split- second decisions for them. Banks are eager to hire \quantitative traders" who know or are prepared to learn this craft. While trading may be the highest profile activity within financial firms, it is not the only critical function of these firms, nor is it the only place where quants can find intellectually stimulating and rewarding careers. I present below an overview of the finance industry, emphasizing areas in which quantitative skills play a role.
    [Show full text]
  • The Option to Stock Volume Ratio and Future Returns$
    Journal of Financial Economics 106 (2012) 262–286 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Financial Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jfec The option to stock volume ratio and future returns$ Travis L. Johnson n, Eric C. So Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, 655 Knight Way Stanford, CA 94305, United States article info abstract Article history: We examine the information content of option and equity volumes when trade Received 15 November 2010 direction is unobserved. In a multimarket asymmetric information model, equity Received in revised form short-sale costs result in a negative relation between relative option volume and future 11 November 2011 firm value. In our empirical tests, firms in the lowest decile of the option to stock Accepted 28 November 2011 volume ratio (O/S) outperform the highest decile by 0.34% per week (19.3% annualized). Available online 17 May 2012 Our model and empirics both indicate that O/S is a stronger signal when short-sale costs JEL classification: are high or option leverage is low. O/S also predicts future firm-specific earnings news, G11 consistent with O/S reflecting private information. G12 & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. G13 G14 Keywords: Short-sale costs Options Trading volume Return predictability 1. Introduction creates additional incentives to generate private informa- tion. In this way, trades in derivative markets may provide In recent decades, the availability of derivative secu- more refined and precise signals of the underlying asset’s rities has rapidly expanded. This expansion is not limited value than trades of the asset itself.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Portfolio Size on the Financial Performance of Portfolios of Investment Firms in Kenya
    THE EFFECT OF PORTFOLIO SIZE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PORTFOLIOS OF INVESTMENT FIRMS IN KENYA PRESENTED BY MBOGO PETER KIMANI: D61/61748/2010 A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA), School of Business, University of Nairobi. AUGUST 2012 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a degree in any other university. Signed: …………..……………………………….. Date: ………………………… Mbogo Peter Kimani Reg. No.: D61 /61748/2010 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as university supervisor. Signed: …………………………………………… Date: ………………………… Dr. Josiah Aduda Lecturer, Department of Finance and Accounting ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife and my children for their support during its preparation. Your patience and encouragement as I stayed away for long, either in class throughout the weekends, or in the field was really touching. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A major research project like this is never the work of anyone alone. The contributions of many different people, in their different ways, have made this possible. First, I would like to thank God for the wisdom and perseverance that HE has bestowed upon me during this research project, and indeed, throughout my life. Second, I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors; Dr. Josiah Aduda and Mr. Mirie Mwangi who have supported me throughout this research project with their patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. I appreciate the odd hours we spent discussing the reports. I wish to thank the respondents who participated in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMON FACTORS in CORPORATE BOND RETURNS Ronen Israela,C, Diogo Palharesa,D and Scott Richardsonb,E
    Journal Of Investment Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, (2018), pp. 17–46 © JOIM 2018 JOIM www.joim.com COMMON FACTORS IN CORPORATE BOND RETURNS Ronen Israela,c, Diogo Palharesa,d and Scott Richardsonb,e We find that four well-known characteristics (carry, defensive, momentum, and value) explain a significant portion of the cross-sectional variation in corporate bond excess returns. These characteristics have positive risk-adjusted expected returns and are not subsumed by traditional market premia or respective equity anomalies. The returns are economically significant, not explained by macroeconomic exposures, and there is some evidence that mispricing plays a role, especially for momentum. 1 Introduction predict returns in other markets, yet researchers have not studied the viability of all these charac- Corporate bonds are an enormous—and grow- teristics to predict returns in credit markets. The ing—source of financing for companies around characteristics are carry, quality, momentum, and the world. As of the first quarter of 2016, there value (Koijen et al., 2014 for carry; Frazzini and was $8.36 trillion of U.S. corporate debt out- Pedersen, 2014 for quality; Asness et al., 2013 for standing, and from 1996 to 2015 corporate bond momentum and value). Our contribution includes issuance grew from $343 billion to $1.49 trillion (i) applying these concepts to credit markets; (ii) (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Asso- studying them together in a way that shines light ciation). Surprisingly little research, however, has on their joint relevance or lack thereof; (iii) eval- investigated the cross-sectional determinants of uating their economic significance by examining corporate bond returns.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Investors Trade Too Much?
    Do Investors Trade Too Much? By TERRANCE ODEAN* Trading volume on the world’s markets should be in real markets, it is difficult to test seems high, perhaps higher than can be ex- whether observed volume is too high. plained by models of rational markets. For ex- If trading is excessive for a market as a ample, the average annual turnover rate on the whole, then it must be excessive for some New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is currently groups of participants in that market. This paper greater than 75 percent1 and the daily trading demonstrates that the trading volume of a par- volume of foreign-exchange transactions in all ticular class of investors, those with discount currencies (including forwards, swaps, and spot brokerage accounts, is excessive. transactions) is roughly one-quarter of the total Alexandros V. Benos (1998) and Odean annual world trade and investment flow (James (1998a) propose that, due to their overconfi- Dow and Gary Gorton, 1997). While this level dence, investors will trade too much. This paper of trade may seem disproportionate to inves- tests that hypothesis. The trading of discount tors’ rebalancing and hedging needs, we lack brokerage customers is good for testing the economic models that predict what trading vol- overconfidence theory of excessive trading be- ume in these market should be. In theoretical cause this trading is not complicated by agency models trading volume ranges from zero (e.g., relationships. Excessive trading in retail broker- in rational expectation models without noise) to age accounts could, on the other hand, result infinite (e.g., when traders dynamically hedge in from either investors’ overconfidence or from the absence of trading costs).
    [Show full text]
  • An Active Approach to Value Investing Investing in Value
    An active approach to value investing Investing in value • Value shares are cheap relative to the company’s fundamentals such as book value and cash flow • Value investing exploits the anomaly that investors shun companies that may be Inexpensive equities struggling in the short term while overpaying have earned The value for companies exhibiting recent growth a higher factor return than • Benjamin Graham and David Dodd made expensive value investing famous in the 1930s in their shares book Security Analysis • Academic research from the 1970s established the value factor • More recent famous value investors include Warren Buffett Value is one of the many factors an investor can choose to target. Factors are the underlying exposures that explain and influence an investment’s return. Investing in shares with low valuations is known as value Active investing. This is a well-documented active investment Vanguard Global Value Factor UCITS ETF follows an active approach that has been shown to outperform over the long investment strategy. It does not track an index nor does it term. It invests in shares that are considered inexpensive use market capitalisation weights to determine a share’s compared with their company fundamentals. For example, position in the portfolio. equities with low share prices relative to the company’s book value, cash flow or earnings are often considered Portfolio managers use quantitative models to assess value shares. a share’s suitability and build the portfolio. The models determine an equity’s value characteristics and assign a Vanguard Global Value Factor UCITS ETF is a global equity value factor score.
    [Show full text]
  • Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management
    LEONARDO DA VINCI Transfer of Innovation Kristina Levišauskait÷ Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management Leonardo da Vinci programme project „Development and Approbation of Applied Courses Based on the Transfer of Teaching Innovations in Finance and Management for Further Education of Entrepreneurs and Specialists in Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria ” Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas, Lithuania 2010 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………...4 1. Investment environment and investment management process…………………...7 1.1 Investing versus financing……………………………………………………7 1.2. Direct versus indirect investment …………………………………………….9 1.3. Investment environment……………………………………………………..11 1.3.1. Investment vehicles …………………………………………………..11 1.3.2. Financial markets……………………………………………………...19 1.4. Investment management process…………………………………………….23 Summary…………………………………………………………………………..26 Key-terms…………………………………………………………………………28 Questions and problems…………………………………………………………...29 References and further readings…………………………………………………..30 Relevant websites…………………………………………………………………31 2. Quantitative methods of investment analysis……………………………………...32 2.1. Investment income and risk………………………………………………….32 2.1.1. Return on investment and expected rate of return…………………...32 2.1.2. Investment risk. Variance and standard deviation…………………...35 2.2. Relationship between risk and return………………………………………..36 2.2.1. Covariance……………………………………………………………36 2.2.2. Correlation and Coefficient of determination………………………...40
    [Show full text]
  • HOW SHOULD BETA INFLUENCE INVESTMENT DECISIONS? by Jordan Gaglione Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Depa
    HOW SHOULD BETA INFLUENCE INVESTMENT DECISIONS? By Jordan Gaglione Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Departmental Honors in the Department of Finance Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas May 4, 2015 ii HOW SHOULD BETA INFLUENCE INVESTMENT DECISIONS Project Approved: Supervising Professor: Steven Mann, Ph.D. Department of Finance Larry Lockwood, Ph.D. Department of Finance Stacy Landreth Grau, Ph. D. Department of Marketing iii Abstract In the highly competitive field of finance, investors are constantly trying to invest in stocks and other assets to outperform their peers and various benchmarks. At the center of modern portfolio theory is beta, a necessary component to calculate a stock’s expected return and the subject of debate within academia. This paper strives to demonstrate that beta is somewhat when making investment decisions and that while investors should look elsewhere for more relevant factors to make investment decisions, beta can be useful in estimating a stock’s risk. This paper will also analyze both the practitioner and academic uses of beta and how theoretical uses of beta have evolved over time as well as calculate beta’s predictive ability. iv Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Buffett’s Strategy Defined ..................................................................................... 3 What is Beta? ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Price-To-Book's Growing Blind Spot
    osamresearch.com Price-to-Book’s Growing Blind Spot RESEARCH BY CHRIS MEREDITH, CFA: NOVEMBER 2016 OSAM RESEARCH TEAM Value has broadly been accepted as an investing style and, historically, portfolios formed on cheap valuations have outperformed expensive portfolios. Jim O’Shaughnessy Chris Meredith, CFA But value comes in many flavors, and the factor(s) you choose to measure Scott Bartone, CFA cheapness can determine your long-term success. In particular, several Travis Fairchild, CFA operating metrics of value, such as earnings and EBITDA, have outperformed Patrick O’Shaughnessy, CFA the more traditional price-to-book (P/B) factor. A possible reason for the limited Ehren Stanhope, CFA efficacy of price-to-book is because of the increase in shareholder transactions, Manson Zhu, CFA primarily through the increase in share repurchases. Valuation factors have the benefit of being simple, but can also have flaws. Price-to-sales has the benefit of measuring against revenue, which is difficult to manipulate, but it doesn’t take margins into account. Price-to-earnings (P/E) measures against the estimated economic output of the company, but also contains estimated expenses that can be manipulated by managers. EBITDA-to-enterprise-value (EBITDA/EV) has the benefit of including operating cost structures, but it misses payments to bondholders and the government. Even with these flaws, the factors are effective in practice. Figure 1 shows the quintile spreads of two factors within a universe of U.S. Large Stocks from 1964 through 2015.1 Price-to-book is perhaps the most widely used valuation Figure 1: Quintile Spreads —P/E and EBITDA/EV factor in the investing industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamental Equity Valuation: Stock Selection Based on Discounted
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library University of Fribourg (Switzerland) Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences FUNDAMENTAL EQUITY VALUATION Stock Selection based on Discounted Cash Flow Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences of the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Economics and Social Sciences by PASCAL S. FROIDEVAUX from Le Noirmont (JU) Accepted by the Faculty’s Council on 1 July 2004 at the proposal of Professor Jacques Pasquier-Dorthe, University of Fribourg, Switzerland (First Reporter) and Professor Tung X. Bui, University of Hawai’i, USA (Second Reporter) Fribourg (Switzerland) 2004 II «The Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) neither approves nor disapproves the opinions expressed in a doctoral dissertation: they are to be considered those of the author (decision of the Faculty council of 23 January 1990)». III Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... III List of Tables and Figures................................................................................................................... V Abbreviations and Symbols ............................................................................................................ VIII Abstract ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]