April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10843 attending any elementary or secondary school order to accomplish any objective or purpose, H.J. Res. 150. January 17, 1977. Judiciary. in their own neighborhood, where such school express or implied, under the Constitution. Constitutional Amendment. Increases the 1s not established purposely to perpetuate H.J. Res. 149. January 17, 1977. Judiciary. term of office of a Representative of Con­ segregation, to attend any other school Constitutional Amendment. Provides for the gress to four years. Sets forth the procedures against his or her own choice, the choice of direct popular election of the President and applicable when a Representative becomes his or her pa.rents, parent or guardian, in Vice President of the United States. a. candidate for th~ Senate. EXTE,NSIONS OF REMARKS

BROWNSTOWN TOWNSHIP TO CELE­ highway commissioners; Isaac Taylor, ' fight against tyranny during World War BRATE 150TH BffiTHDAY constable and collector, and Freeman Il was that of the resistance movement Bass, poundmaster. in Poland in 1939. Arthur Rurak and Garrett Vreeland The gallant fight of the Polish people HON. WILLIAM D. FORD were directors of the poor; Herman He­ was witnessed by other free peoples OF MICHIGAN cox, Clyde Compeau, William Fletcher, around the globe, and the hearts of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Isaac Thurston, John Conrad, and West were with them. In 8eptember of Tuesday, April 5, 1977 Thomas Long were fence viewers, and that year, 19 days after the Nazi in­ George Clark and Isaac Taylor were vasion of Poland had begun, the people Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, highway overseers. of Great Britain sent the following mes­ I would like to bring to the attention of From the old township minute books, you and my colleagues the approaching sage to the defenders of Warsaw: local officials have compiled a list of all The entire world admires your courage. sesquicentennial of tlie township of top township officials from 1827 down to Poland once again became a victim of ag­ Brownstown, in my !'5th Congressional the present. gression by her neighbors. Through her District, of Michigan. The township administration today in­ heroic struggle against the aggressor she Brownstown Township will be 150 cludes W. Curt Boller, supervisor; Mrs. once again became the standard bearer o! years old next Wednesday, April 12, and Rose Legg, clerk; Steve C. Berecz, treas­ Europe's freedom. We, your allies, shall con­ the people of this fast-growing commu­ urer; Phoebe Stromp, Charles Galdes, tinue the war to restore your liberty. nity are planning a year-long celebration Edmund E. Lazar, and Charles R. Stark­ Mr. Speaker, I enter into the RECORD of this historic event. ey, trustees, and Milton A. Coop, Edward at this time a letter to the editor of the On April 12, 1827, Brownstown was one A. Lezotte, Patrick LaFede, and Bradford of the original nine townships created in Washington Star from Mr. Walter G. Porath, constables. Gerald A. Mc­ Zachariasiewicz, president of the Ameri­ Wayne County, in what was then the Nally and Mrs. Audrey Stroia are judges Territory of Michigan. Tradition relates can Counsel of Polish Cultural Clubs, in for the 33d district court. which Mr. Zachariasiewicz recoun~ the that the community was named for Mr. Speaker, Brownstown Township is Adam Brown, who was captured by the last days of free Poland: planning a yearlong celebration to mark A GALLANT DEFENSE OF LIBERTY Wyandot Indians in 1764, when he was this historic milestone in the community 8 years old, and grew to manhood among I read with great interest Alan Simons' history. the Indians. He married an Indian wife "Q and A" interview with Dan Kurzman A committee to plan and carry out the (Jan. 2'5). Mr. Kurzman's book 1s a moving and became a highly respected man, celebration is headed by Mrs. Louella testimony to the heroic Polish Jews who died among both the Indians and early white Machcinski, and also includes Mrs. Clara in the ruins of Warsaw's ghetto, hoping that settlers. Sypes, Mrs. Andree Jones, Craig Seger, their sacrifice would shake the conscience Among the prized possessions pre­ Mrs. Virginia LaPointe, Mrs. Irene of the world. It rightfully pays justice to the served in the Brownstown Township Hall Starkey, Mrs. Yvonne Boller, Mrs. indomitable spirit and courage of men and is the original township minute book dat­ women who refused to be enslaved and Joanna Loeschner, Raymond Michaels, debased. ing back to 1827. It lists the origi..'lal Mrs. Gloria Cooper, and Gilbert and township officers, and gives a fascinating I am, however, puzzled as to why, in ex­ Betty Flotte. tolling the undeniable virtues of the defend­ picture of daily life in that far-off era. A kickoff f esti val is planned for April ers of the Warsaw ghetto, Mr. Kurzman chose Brownstown originally covered 43 12, the actual birthday date, followed by to denigrate another historic example of un­ square miles, but has since been reduced a birthday cake program in May, and an paralleled human fortitude and patriotism. to its present 24 square miles by the in­ elaborate Township Field Day celebra­ "When you consider that all of Poland fell corporation of four cities from the origi­ tion in August. Included will be the pub­ to the Nazis in a few days," he said, "you nal area-Gibraltar, in 1961; Rockwood, can realize what this means for the Jews to lication of a Brownstown memorial have held off these Germans for about a in 1964, and the cities of Flat Rock and booklet by the local Jaycees; the presen­ Woodhaven in 1965. month, at lea.st." tation of awards to long-time residents, Even if this statement were true, I fail From the few scattered settlers and and the sale of souvenir patches, bumper to see the necessity for any comparison to trappers of the 1820's, the township to­ stickers, and glasses. mustrate the dimensions of the ghetto bat­ day has grown to a thriving community Local historians are conducting re­ tle. The unfortunate truth, however, is that of some 16,000 persons. search to locate other descendants of the Mr. Kurzman grossly distorted the facts sur­ Among the early settlers was George rounding this tragic period of Polish history. Busenbark, who in 1837 received from the first settlers, particularly descendants of Poland was first to challenge Hitler's Ger­ general land office in Detroit the deeds to the first township officers. many, but it did not fall in a few days, and two 40-acre tracts in Brownstown. These The commitee, and the township ad­ when it did fall, not all of it fell to the Nazis. deeds, signed by President Martin Van ministration, are striving for an all-out Poland fell to two aggressors: Germany and Buren, are in the -possession of Mr. community effort to make the Brown­ Soviet Russia. stown Sesquicentennial an event that The first German motorized detachment, Busenbark's great-great-granddaughter, part of three German invading armies, Mrs. Bernice Thomas, who has presented will long be remembered. I am proud, Mr. Speaker, to help pub­ reached the suburbs of Warsaw on Sept. 8, copies to the township. Her father, John 1939 (the invasion started on Sept. 1). After Busenbark, aged 83, still lives in the com­ licize this historic observance, and to three weeks of battle and furious, uninter­ bring it to the attention of my colleagues munity. rupted bombing by the Luftwaffe, Warsaw­ here in the House. without water, light, food and ammuni­ Among the other early settlers were tion-was forced to capitulate. That was Michael Vreeland and Henry Woodruff, Sept. 29. whose names live on in Brownswwn A GALLANT DEFENSE OF LIBERTY Ten days earlier, while Warsaw was con­ Township roads, and B. F. Knapp, George tinuing its heroic resistance, the following c. and P. T. Clark, William Munger, John message was sent from the people of Great Forbes, Dr. John Leteur, and Col. Britain to the gallant d~fenders of Warsaw: HON. JACK F. KEMP "The entire world admires your courage. Nathaniel Case. OF NEW YORK Poland once again became a victim of ag­ The first township officers included IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gression by her neighbors. Through her Moses Roberts, supervisor; James Vree­ Tuesday, April 5, 1977 heroic struggle against the aggressor she land, clerk; Jacob Knox, William Hazard, once again bee11.me the standard bearer of and David Smith, assessors; Elias Vree­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, one of the Europe's freedom. We, your allies, sha:l con­ land, William Fletcher, and Isaac Taylor, most heroic examples of a free people's tinue ·the war to restore your liberty.' 10844 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 Mr. Kurzman chose to pass over lightly officials of 16 jurisdictions working to­ grams until 1978. At that time I hope these testimonies to Poland's gallant defense gether t:tirough their own regional orga­ that the first priority of the committee of her liberty and human dignity. He also ignored the crucial fact that, on Sept. 17, nization, the council of governments, for will be to consider the arbitrary dis­ Soviet armies had invaded Poland from the the betterment of their own communities tinctions made in the 1974 act. My pro­ East. This was the triumµh of the treacher­ in particular and the metropolitan com­ posal will eliminate one of those dis­ ous Ribbentrop-Molotov collusion to impose munity in general. tinctions which has caused a hardship their reign of terror on the bleeding and No new layer of government was neces­ to retired workers and their families. suffering nation. Even at that hopeless mo­ sary or even desired, no "super govern­ ment, however, armed resistance continued ment" was established or even sought, no in many parts of Poland. Finally, attacked front and rear by the,. traditional local authority was surren­ joined armies and huge air forces of two dered or even threatened. VOTER REGISTRATION CAMPAIGN superpowers, the Poles were forced to give It is a record, Mr. Speaker, of which ground to their oppressors, continuing their the late Virginia State senator, Charles heroic resistance underground until the end R. Fenwick of Arlington County, would HON. THOMAS F. EAGLETON of the war. be particularly proud and which he an­ OF MISSOURI Tb.us Hitler had to wait an entire month­ ticipated with his sense of vision in his IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES not "a few days"-for his armies to enter the role as one of COG's founders 20 years proud Polish capital. And during the 1944 Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Warsaw uprising, it took the Nazis 63 days ago. And it is a record wl1ich another dis­ tinguished Virginia public official, Mayor Mr. EAGLETON. Mr. President, last to reign there once again supreme. This year on July 29, the Senate passed reso­ Nazi victory, however, took place on the Harold L. Miller of Falls Church, is con­ smoldering ruins of the totally destroyed tinuing today as chairman of the board lution No. 498-"to invite and encourage city, amidst the graves of 200,000 Pples who of COG. this Nation's private sector to initiate an gave their lives so that future generations All of us can be proud of COG and extensive effort to increase voter regis­ would see no holocaust of war,. no Warsaw grateful for its presence, and its accom­ tration and voter turnout in the 1976 ghetto, no Oswiecim, no Dachau, nor any plishments, Mr. Speaker. And we can be General Election." new, perfidious versions of mental coercion. That resolution also provided: WALTER ZACHARIASIEWICZ, equally proud of and grateful to the 20 years of local elected officials who have It is the further sense of the Senate that President, American Counsel of Polish the private sector, acting as individual en­ Cultural Clubs. made it so. tities, through committees, associations and WASHINGTON, D.C. organizations, and utilizing valuable re­ sources such as the Advertising Council In­ RAILROAD RETffiEMENT BENEFITS corporated, can greatly contribute to the in­ TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOR CERTAIN SPOUSES crease of the Nation's voter participation METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON rate. COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS With Senate passage of the resolution HON. DONALD M. FRASER on July 29, the Advertising Council al­ HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER OF MINNESOTA ready had a volunteer advertising agency OF vmGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES standing by to contribute its services to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 6, 1977 create the public service advertisements, as it had in earlier elections-1972, et Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the 1974 cetera. These PSAs would then be offered Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, during all amendments to the Railroad Retirement to the various communications media­ my years in public office, both as a mem­ Act were aimed at putting the railroad television and radio stations, magazines, ber of the Arlington County Board in retirement trust fund on a sounder fi­ newspapers, outdoor -and the transit in­ Virginia and as a Member of the Con­ nancial base. However that law also con­ dustry-!or the information of the gress, I have always participated in the tained a provision to permit spouses of American people. activities of the Metropolitan Washing­ retired workers to collect benefits at age The American Revolution Bicentennial ton Council of Governments. 60, instead of having to wait until age Administration agreed to ~ct as the spon­ I represented my county on the COG 65. This liberalization, however, was not sor of the campaign and cover all of the board of directors for nearly 10 years. I retroactive. As a consequence, spouses of . out of pocket expenses. ARBA Adminis­ also was privileged to serve as the presi­ railroad retirees who retired before July trator John W. Warner formally re­ dent of COG and as its chairman of the 1, 1974, must continue to wait until age quested Ad Council President Robert P. board. 65 to receive benefits. Keim to undertake a register and vote COG has never been an organization to A railroad pensioner who retired before campaign-because, as ARBA felt, it seek publicity for publicity's sake. Be­ that date and whose wife is not yet 65 would be "the Bicentennial thing to do." cause it is a voluntary and cooperative brought this inequity to my attention. When this "go ahead" was given to the organization at the metropolitan level. it I agree with my constituent that his wife Ad Council, it immediately put its task does not set our tax rates or collect our and the approximately 25,000 other force into action. This included its vol­ trash or operate our buses and subway spouses in this situation, mostly women, unteer advertising agency, Needham, or put out fires and direct traffic on our deserve the same liberalization. Harper & Steers, Inc., of New York City; streets. As a result, COG is not always as Accordingly, I am introducing a bill a volunteer coordinator, Walter L. Ole­ well known as other organizations, but its that would permit the spouses of work­ sen, manager, advertising and promo­ record is there-and it is a record of ers retired before July 1, 1974, to receive tions, Xerox Corp., Stamford, Conn.; and which COG can be proud ·and for which benefits when they reach 60 years of age. a campaign manager, Collingwood Har­ the rest of us can be grateful. Those between the ages of 60 and 65 ris of the Ad Council staff in Washing­ This month COG is 20 years old. Its whose spouses retired before that 1974 ton. This production team began work record is one of achievement in behalf date would no longer have to wait to immediately, accelerating "normal" of our local governments and compiled by collect these benefits. lead-time timetables. In a report to me our elected officials through COG, their The cost of removing this inequity the Ad Council indicated that voter reg­ own regional organization. Through of the Railroad Retirement Act is not istration and voter turnout mailings transportation improvements, police and expensive. In 1977, the added cost would went to every newspaper and every radio fire agreements, the obtaining of ~ddi­ be $11 million and that figure will de­ and television station in the country and tional housing funds, a regional air qual­ cline as the group receiving this liberal­ to over 400 major transit advertising ity program, the first coordinated effort ization decreases. companies. to clean up the Potomac River, coopera­ The railroad retirement trust fund The National Broadcasters Association tive purchasing by our local governments cannot pay many additional benefits be­ asked all of their member stations to to save money, and so many other pro­ cause it is still in precarious shape. But fully utilize the advertisements. The grams and projects, COG has shown its neither can it afford unfair and arbi­ Secretary of State's association also worth. trary discrimination in benefits. asked their members to encourage the All of these accomplishments have I understand that the Commerce Com­ airing of the spots. been achieved on a strictly voluntary, co­ mittee has decided not to take up legis­ The response by the media follows: operative basis, with the city ·and eounty lation affecting railroad retirement pro- Based on reports received from TV April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10845 stations-29 percent of the 796 in the wasteful processes. The need for energy yesterday and consequently missed the United States-it is estimated that the conservation and the development of new vote on final passage of the Federal typical TV station in ·the Nation carried sources of energy is crucial; Water Pollution Control Act Amend­ at least 13 PSA's during the last 6 weeks Second. Despite the overwhelmingly ments of 1977, H.R. 3199. I was detained of the national election. successful performance of American in­ at the White House, where I and other Likewise, reporting radio stations-31 dustry and agriculture in selling over­ member of the Massachusetts congres­ percent of the 5,517 in the Nation­ seas, there are sectors of the American sional delegation met with President broadcast an average of 23 PSAs during economy in which foreign trade is cost­ Carter with regard to Fort Devens, which the last 6 weeks of the national election. ing jobs--such as the shoe industry and is located in my district. Reports from the Nation's news­ the color television industry. Ways must Had I been present for the vote on papers-also show striking results. Of 105 be found to support such essential indus­ final passage of H.R. 3199, I would have newspapers that reported, it is estimated tries and their workers without disrupt­ voted "yea." that, if all of the ads printed were put in ing the world trade which creates so one newspaper the size of the Washing­ many jobs for Americans. ton Post or Star, it would total more than Third. The enormous industrial and PRIDE OF OUR SHORELINE: THE 18 pages, to say nothing of the many agricultural surpluses piled up by Amer­ U.S. COAST GUARD newspapers that ran council messages ica become our trading partners' deficits. but did not report their usage. Put an­ When our trading partners also have to other way, if all the newspapers in the import expensive oil and absorb the in­ HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Nation contributed an equai amount of dustrial and agricultural surpluses of OF MARYLAND space it would add up to 295 full pages. the United States, it is obvous that their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The transit industry's response was economic situation must be bleak. Be­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 equally impressive. The ad council pro­ cause of the oil crisis, the world trading vided. a total of 96,512 car' cards and/or economy is in a very fragile condition. Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, during posters which were carried by buses, The United States, as a nation which the recent winter crisis which caused trains and seen on wall posters through­ does not have to import all of its energy great difficulty for all waterborne traffic out the Nation. and which has surpluses in its trade, of vital energy resources on the Chesa­ I am confident that the slowing of the must play a leadership role in the world peake Bay, the economic and physical decline of voter participation that we economy-there is no one else who can. well-being of the people of Maryland saw in the last election is in large part The Department of Commerce statis­ might have been permanently impaired 'due to the media campaign carried out tics follow: were it not for the excellent work of the U.S. Coast Guard. Their ingenious and by the Advertising Council, Inc., and the U.S. TOTAL TRADE AND TRADE IN PETROLEUM, OTHER American Revolution Bicentennial Ad­ courageous work made it possible to de­ NON MANUFACTURES, AND MANUFACTURES, 1965-76 liver these badly needed supplies by ministration. maneuvering ships up the bay and its (In billions of dollars! tributaries during the most inclement CAUSE OF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS weather and hazardous conditions. Dur­ DEFICIT: OIL IMPORTS Total Petroleum and products ing the crisis, I was pleased to work Ex- Im· Bal- Ex- Im· Bal- with a number of fine leaders who serve Year ports ports ance ports ports ance the Coast Guard as well as they serve HON. CHARLES A. VAN·IK their country. Six men especially come 1965 . . . . 26. 7 21. 4 5. 3 0. 4 2. 1 1966 __ __ -1.7 to mind, men who went to all lengths to OF OHIO 29.5 25.6 3.9 .4 2.1 -1.7 handle emergency assistance for people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1967 ...• 31.0 26. 9 4.1 .5 2. 1 -1.6 1968 .. _. 34.1 33.2 .8 . 5 2. 3 -1.8 in my area. These men are: Wednesday, April 6, 1977 1969 ..•. 37. 3 36.0 1.3 .4 2. 6 -2.2 Rear Adm. Julian Johansen, Com­ 1970 . ..• 42. 7 40. 0 2. 7 .5 2. 8 -2.3 Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, if it were 1971. .•• 43.5 45.6 -2.0 .5 3. 3 -2.8 mander, 5th Coast Guard District, Nor­ 1972 •.•• 49.2 55. 6 -6.4 . 4 4.3 -3.9 folk, Va. not for oil imports, last year, the United 1-973 ..•• 70.8 69. 5 1.3 .5 7.6 -7.1 States would have had a trade surplus 1974 ____ 97. 9 100.3 -2.3 .8 24.3 -23. 5 Capt. Raymond Wood, Chief of Staff, 1975 .••. 107.1 96.1 11. 0 . 9 24.8 -23.9 5th Coast Guard District, Norfolk, Va. of $25.9 billion. Instead, because we paid 114. 8 120. 7 -5.9 1.0 31. 8 $31.8 billion in valuable goods, produce, 1976. -·· -30.8 Lt. Robert Sitton, Officer in Charge, U.S. Coast Guard Group, Chicoteague, and cash for oil, we ended up with a Nonmanufactures deficit of '$5.9 billion. The last several excluding petroleum Manufactures Va. months have seen even higher levels of Lt. Gary Bird, Commander, U.S. Coast Ex- Im- Bal· Ex- Im· Bal· Guard Cutter, Red Cedar. energy imports as a result of the excep­ ports ports anee ports ports ance tionally cold winter. Lt. George Naccara, Commander, U.S. Coast Guard Cutter, Red Birdh. If it were not for oil, the position of the 1965 ____ 8.4 7.4 1. 0 18. 4 12. 0 6.4 United States in world trade would never 1966 ____ 9.2 8.2 1.0 20.4 15. 3 5.1 Lt. John A. Gaughan, U.S. Coast have been better. In 1974, 1975, and 1976, 1967 ··-· 8.9 8. 0 .9 21.8 16.8 5.0 Guard, liaison officer. 1968 ____ 9.0 9.1 -.1 24.7 21. 8 2.9 We should take every opportunity to we had a surplus in nonmanufactures­ 1969 ••• _ 9.1 9. 1 --·----- 28.0 24.3 3. 7 such as agricultural goods-of $35.8 bil­ 1970 ___ _ 11.3 10. 0 1. 3 30.8 27.2 3.6 celebrate the service and duty of such 1971. ••• 11.0 10.4 . 6 32. 0 31.9 .1 men, and to let them know how much lion. In manufactured goods, we sold an 1972 ____ 13. 3 11. 9 1. 4 35.3 39.4 -4.1 incredible $41.8 billion more than we 1973 •.•• 23.2 15. 1 8.1 46.6 46. 8 -.2 we appreciate them. In this regard, I call 19741975 ••.____. 30.2 18. 5 11. 7 66.1 57. 5 8.6 to your attention a WBOC-TV editorial bought. In other words, in the areas 31. 1 17. 7 13. 4 74.1 53.6 20.5 where people work to produce something, 1976 ____ 32. 3 21.6 10. 7 80. 0 67. 3 12. 7 of March 13 which I am pleased to in­ during the past 3 years we exported $77.6 sert into the RECORD: THE COAST GUARD billion more than we imported. For the Note: Values for total exports imports, and the balance are United States of America, world trade is the official U.S. f.a.s. figures puhlished by the Census Bureau. It wasn't too long ago that we were work­ intensely job-producing. These include reexports and exclude military grant-aid. Exports ing 1n offices hardly warm enough for per­ of the 3 commodity categories do not add to the total because sonal comfort. We would go home a.t night The following statistics which I have th1 relate .only t~ .domestic merchandise, ,excluding reexports, an including military grant-aid shipments. Figures do not to houses with thermostats turned wa.y back just received from the Department of always add because of rounding. . . . and we had the additional worry about Commerce vividly prove the value of in­ how much oil was left in our tanks, and ternational trade to our total economy. whether there was enough fuel in the area But these statistics also point out that PERSONAL EXPLANATION to give us a refi ll. The weather has improved there are serious problems: . . . the crisis hopefully is a thing of the First. The need for oil imports and a past ... and we think it in order to express way to pay for those imports means that HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN a commendation to a branch of the service OF MASSACHUSETTS we often take for granted ... the United we need t o keep our other exports as States Coast Guard. Without the Coast high as possible. It also means that we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Guard, needed fuel supplies would never are trading over $30 billion per year of Wednesday, April 6, 1977 have gotten up the Nanticoke and Wicomico the wealth of our land, much of it in the rivers . . . and it was an around the clock form of capital goods, for oil which is Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I was un­ 24 hour a. day vigil they maintained. burned away, often in inefficient ~nd avoidably detained on official business Lt. Robert Sitton happens to be the man 10846 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 in charge for he is the commander of the specter of widespread power losses as the different utilities.· On the one hand, the Coast Guard group based at Chincoteague reservoirs on which this region depends for Bonneville Power Authority-whose business • . . the group which oversees the coast from much of its electricity become depleted. is selling bulk power-is estimating that rev­ Ocean City to oa.pe Charles, and from Cape Hydroelectric power, where available, is enues will be about $80 million short of Charles to Vienna. During the emergency the least expensive and most environment­ original projections. But Pacific Gas and their icebreakers escorted over 50 convoys ally acceptable type of electricity. Over the most other utilities can recover higher power without a single oil spill or major vessel yea.rs it has provided as much as 80 percen.t costs through fuel-adjustment charges and damage. And while we can sit back and con­ of the region's electric power. are not expected to be seriously affected. sider the crisis only a memory, the Coast Great dams a.long the Columbia River, "The drought will have no net effect on Guard still has a major task of replacing the Snake River and a. host of smaller our earnings estimate (for Pacific Gas) of the many navigational aids uprooted by the waterways store millions of gallons of water, $3.10-$3.26 but only on cash flow," Merrill ice ... not only on the rivers but in the sending it through turbines-Northern Cali­ Lynch, Pierce Fenner & Smith, the broker­ Chesapeake Bay. This is something that fornia alone has 64 such generating stations. age firm, reported recently. can't be done overnight. But in Northern California., for example, The economic impact has already begun to We owe the Coast Guard not only a vote which is now in the midst of its second year be felt in the Northwest, where service has of thanks, but an ex.pression of sincere of drought, rainfall totaled only 19 inches been reduced to the electricity-gobbling gratitude for a tough job well done. The from Oct. 1, 1976, to last March 28, compared aluminum industry in accordance with cer:­ Coast Guard lived up to its motto of Semper with normal precipitation of 67.6 inches. As tain "interruptible" power-supply contracts. Paratus ... meaning always ready. And they a result, the giant reservoir at Shasta, which The result is that virtually all of the dozen still l}ve up to their creed which is ... you usually has a.bout 1.3 billion gallons of water plants, which together produce one-third of have to go out. You don't have to come back. in storage, now has less than half that the nation's aluminum have laid off several amount. hundred workers and cut back production And more trouble is on the way. The more sharply. ENERGY, WATER, AND CLIMATE utilities depend for their stored water on Beyond the aluminum industry, reduc­ the spring runoff as the snow melts on the tions in electricity use have not been or­ mountains. But in the Feather River area of dered, nor, according to utility officials, does HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. California, where there was 70 inches of a comprehensive plan exist for sharing in a. OF CALIFORNIA snowpack at this time last year, there is only shortage. When the natural gas crisis struck 22 inches this year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last winter, a rationing plan was already in "We'll need substantial imports of energy," place, as a result of past Federal Power Com­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 said Barton w. Shackelford, senior vice mission actions on gas. But in the case of president of the Pacific Gas and Electric electricity, opinion seems to be divided over Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ Company, the nation's second-largest inves­ whether homes or factories should be cut off er, the links between energy and broad tor-owned electric utility. "In the absence first, particularly if the shortage appears in environmental concerns like those of cli­ of any major equipment breakdowns, we milder months. · mate are particularly noteworthy when should barely make it." "There's only way that a utility can han­ large economic impacts are involved. In Because of the ability of hydroelectric dle an absolute shortage and that's through hearings this week before the Subcom­ plants to, in effect, store electricity in the rotating blackouts," said Mr. Maullin. mittee on the Environment and the At­ form of water, the crunch will not suddenly So far, voluntary conservation has been materialize on the hottest day this summer pushed with only the most modest success. mosphere, testimony on the proposed nor on tHe coldest day next winter, but The power authority called for a 10 percent National Climate Program Act of 1977 rather over a period of time as the water reduction in use and got about 3 percent. has again reinforced the importance of gradually runs out. The Tower Building in the heart of downtown better understanding and forecasting re­ Experts expect the impact will be felt next Portland is still outlined every evening by gional climate in order to plan for energy fall and into the winter, as the full effect of strings of incandescent bulbs and skepticism supply and demand situations. the sparse runoff this spring is felt. Some is rampant. In one aspect, Federal Energy Admin­ executives are already predicting cutbacks. "What drought?" said Lawrence Sanders, istration head John O'Leary has said "If we continue to draw out of our res­ a 59-year old hardware store owner in Port­ ervoirs until they're dry, we'll only be able land on a rare damp day last month. "Can't that the bitter weather this winter cost to serve 50 percent of our load," said Hector you see it's raining?" Americans between $4.3 and $7 .8 billion J. Durocher, power manager of the Bonne­ Despite the agonizing water shortage, at in extra-high heating bills. With better ville Power Authority, a Federal agency that least one group is finding its wellbeing safe­ advance warning, more timely decisions operates several massive projects across the guarded. Recently the governors of the four on energy supply allocation and trans­ Northwest. "If voluntary curtailments don't . Northwestern states agreed to release 3.66 portation could have been made. work, we are looking at mandatory curtail­ million acre-feet of water--enough for elec­ Another aspect of relating climatic ments this fall." tricity to heat 300,000 homes for a year-to To try to avoid serious disruptions of serv­ carry b'aby salmon over the top of the dams fluctuations and anomailies to energy ice the utilities have developed a strategy considerations is reservoir management. so they would not be sucked into the tur­ that includes avoiding use of hydro genera­ bines .... Water is stored for hydroelectric power, tors during periods of low demand to save as well as for use in generating electric­ water, importing as much as possible from ity in other types of powerplants. Where regions with surpluses and trying to inspire [From The New York Times, March 15, 1977] the premium on water is high, as in the conservation. ' DESPITE DROUGHT YEAR, 6 HUGE RESERVOIRS West, skillful reservoir management be­ One such instance would be the sending ON UPPER MISSOURI RIVER ARE NEARLY F'uLL comes very critical. of excess natural gas by Pacific Gas to the (By Seth S. King) · Mr. Speaker, I submit two articles to municipal utility in Los Angeles, which OMAHA, March 10.-While many of the would burn it in a now-mothballed generator great reservoirs that produce hydoelectric be inserted in the RECORD, exploring the and send the power back to San Francisco. power and irrigation water for the Pacific present ability of reservoirs to store wa­ Whether or not the region is successful Northwest are now dangerously low, the six ter for hydroelectric power generation in in avoiding serious blackouts, consumers huge "mainstream" reservoirs on the upper the face of multiyear water shortage and throughout the Northwest face the prospect Missouri River are filled today close to exploring particularly the effects of of sharply higher electricity bills. Buying capacity. drought on water supply in the West. power from outside sources and turning on In addition, many of the 18 smaller, tribu­ It is the hope of the sponsors of na­ old, inefficient oil-burning generators are tary reservoirs on the east slope of the Rocky tional climate program legislation that both far more expensive than the free-flow­ ¥ountains and m the Great Plains have ing hydro power they will replace. In normal enough water in them now to last through better understanding of climate, and years, about 28 percent of'. California's power a. summer of drought. with it better planning information and is generated J:>y water; this year, the figure These storage levels have been maintained forecasting, will lead to refinement of is likely to be 12 percent. despite the driest autumn on record along our water/energy management capabili­ Pacific Gas alone estimates that consumer the Missouri itself and despite Rocky Moun­ ties. bills will rise by $500 million this year some tain snows, which run off into these reser­ The articles follow: estimates for the region points towards $1 voirs, that are only 37 percent of normal [From the New York Times, Apr. 5, 1977) billion. depths. The amount of water on hand in AIM IS TO BURN GAS AND OIL these areas guarantees a normal navigation DROUGHT IN NORTHWEST PERILS HYDRO POWER "The cost will become variable," said season on the Missouri as far up as Sioux Richard Maullin, chairman of the California City, Iowa, for the next eight months. (By Steven Rattner) Energy Commission, "but the general strat­ With each passing year, shlpping on the SAN FRANCISCO.-The continuing drought, egy is clear-to burn as much gas as we can Missouri has become more essential for the which has blanketed the Northwestern sec­ get and as much oil as we have to." export of grain and soybeans downriver into tion of the United States, has raised the The effect of the drought will vary for the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico. This April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10847 shipping also moves large dry cargoes of the Missouri drainage system, is completing a that their struggle for political, cultural fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals to switching station at Scottsbluff. and religious freedom is not forgotten. corn-belt farmers. Last year more than three The electrical grid system from the dams million tons of these cargoes moved up or can be hooked into other grids to the east Our refusal to recognize the forcible in­ down river between Sioux City and St. Louis. and those leading to the Pacific Northwest, corporation of Lithuania into the Soviet William Plummer, assistant regional director Union reflects the continuing U.S. sup­ ENOUGH WATER IN THE PLATTES port for their cause. Today's reservoir storage levels also mean of the bureau's Region 7 in Denver, explained. that despite continuing drought there should "This would provide a weak link to the As Americans, we can appreciate the be enough irrigation water in the Platte River Northwest, but the opportunity is there to meaning of freedom. We must strive to transfer power to that area," he added. "We make its meaning known to all. On this reservoir system to keep stream flows near are studying the possibilities now." normal on the North Platte and at least occasion, we reaffirm our pledge to up­ adequate on the South Platte for the rest of SUPPLIES STILL AMPLE hold the Lithuanians' aspiration toward the growing sea.son. These stream flows on The Colorado-Big Thompson project, which this just goal. the Platte will mean enough irrigation water diverts water from Lake Granby on the west for hay and corn crops with which Nebraska side of the Continental Divide through the and Colorado ranchers can sustain their mountains, supplies the headwaters of the herds if their range grass is stunted by the South Platt system. Its supply reservoirs on drought. the west slope are still ample from last year, UNIONS AND THE ARMED SERVICES There is even a modest account of reservoir and with stored water from the bureau's water in supplemental storage o:µ the upper reservoirs on the North Platte in Wyoming Colorado River system to provide emergency and Nebraska., there should be enough irri­ HON. LARRY McDONALD supplies for the orchards and vegetable and gation water for normal farming through­ OF GEORGIA small grain crops near Grand Junction, Colo. out the summer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And when a transfer station is completed To the south, the snow melt supply for the soon near Scottsbluff, Neb., it will be techni­ Arkansas River drainage in southeastern Wednesday, April 6, 1977 cally possible to transfer a small amount of Colorado and Kansas is only a little more Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the hydroelectric power from the Missouri drain­ than half the normal today. The Frying Pan­ U.S. arm~d services can have only one age dams to the Pacific Northwest in an Arkansas diversion project is not completed, allegiance, to the country they serve. emergency. and the bureau's water experts expect prob­ The six main.steam dams on the Missouri, lems for irrigators along that system this Some labor unions are viewing the armed completed in the 19'50's as part of the Pick­ summer. services as an area for recruiting large Sloan plan for development of the Missouri But the Ruedi and Green Mountaln reser­ numbers of dues paying members which River Basin, now create long, narrow lakes voirs on the west slope, built to supplement would enhance their power and influ­ that stretch almost continuously from the water diverted into the Arkansas, are now ence. Although certain union leaders southeast corner of South Dakota all ' the filled enough to provide emergency irrigation have asserted that military unions would way into eastern Montana. water to the Grand Junction area this sum­ Here at the headquarters of the Army Corps mer if it is needed. volunta.rily renounce strikes in time of of Engineers' Missouri River Division, the war, the risk of insubordination and re­ charts illustrating the reservoir system fill all fusal of legitimate orders would be pres­ of one wall of the central briefing room. ent for every military action short of for­ mal war. FOR POWER AND FLOOD CONTROL LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY The mainstem dams a.t Gavins Point, Fort An article in a recent edition of the Randall, Big Bend and Oahe in South Da­ Information Digest, a newsletter on se­ kota., Garrison in North Dakota, and Fort HON. ABNER J. MIKVA curity matters, provides a review of at­ Peck in Montana were built for the pri­ OF ILLINOIS tempts by U.S. revolutionaries to or­ mary purposes of flood control and power IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ganize military unions and notes prob­ generation. lems of insubordination experienced in Diversion canals for the irrigation of crop­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 land east of Oahe have been started. But a. European countries with unionized ar­ larger diversion system from Garrison Dam Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I would like mies. The article follows: into the Souris River in North Dakota was to join my colleagues in commemorating UNIONIZING THE Mn.rrARY among the 19 projects the Carter Adminis­ the occasion of Lithuanian Independ­ Since the summer of 1975, efforts have tration has postponed. ence. been underway by a variety of groups in­ Water from rains over the Great Plains and On February 16, 1918, the Lithuanian cluding the American Federation of Govern­ from snows in the Montana Rockies is stored people proclaimed their independence, a ment Employees (AFGE), the National Mari­ in these mainstem reservoirs during the goal for which they had been striving for time Union (NMU), the Teamsters Union, spring flood season. and the Center for National Security Studies In the last years before the reservoirs were over a century. Lithuanians have a long ( CNSS) to establish programs for union­ created by the dams, the Missouri fell to a tradition as an enlightened and freedom­ izing the members of the Armed Services. trickle in the summer. Now the water stored loving nation, contributing significantly While bills to prohibit the unionizing of behind the dams is released into the Missouri to the development of European civiliza­ the U.S. Armed Services are pending in both after the spring floods, maintaining a nine­ tion. Upon achieving independence, the Senate and the House, with Senator foot-deep channel for the barges of grain their passion for freedom, education and Strom Thurmond (R-SC) taking a leader­ and fertilizer that are pushed up and down ship role, the AFGE states it is "Pretty much the river from April until November. toleration was amply demonstrated. The Lithuanians based their state on ready to go.'' It has been reported that ef­ The generators in the six mainstem dams forts are being made to sign up military and those in the two smaller tributary dams democratic principles and made great personnel a.t Fort Dix, McGuire Air Force built by the Bureau of Reclamation have social, economic and cultural strides. Base, Fort Bragg, and Fort Devens. been producing an average of 10 billion kilo­ Tragically, her period of independence The concept of military unions as labor watt hours of electricity annuallJ. This would lasted for only two decades. Despite her organizations, rather than as professional be more than enough to light up all of efforts to remain free, she fell victim to or fraternal associations, appears to have Nebraska if this state had no other source originated in Sweden in 1932 when the of power except the mainstem dams. Soviet aggression and forced annexation. The personal and civil liberties which Swedish Officers Union, a professional or­ SUFFICIENT FOR NAVIGATION she had so diligently provided for her ganization, assUIUed some roles usually "Even though the Great Plains suffered a people were abrogated. At times the very taken by a labor union. This concept has severe drought in 1976, the snowfall at the taken root in five other European coun­ upper end of the system was above normal survival of the Lithuanian culture has tries-Norway, Denmark, BelgiUIU, the and we had an above average inflow into the been threatened, yet they have remained Netherlands and West Germany which with reserviors,'' Elmo w. Mcclendon, chief of the faithful to their religion, language, and Sweden now have more than sixty military reservoir control center at the Omaha head­ traditions. associations. quarters, told a recent visitor. Having recently celebrated our own In the U.S., demands for military union­ "As a result, we're full and there is enough Bicentennial of freedom from foreign ization emerged during the Vietnam era water in the mainstems, regardless of how oppression and democratic government, from the "G.I. Movement" largely motivated little more we get this spring, to supply a by organizers from Students for a Demo­ normal navigation season. We'll also have we must not forget that there are others cratic Society (SDS) and the National Law­ more than enough to maintain power genera­ who have not been so fortunate. In com­ yers Guild (NLG) who used the concept as tion for the rest of the year." memorating Lithuanian Independence, a means of opposition to U.S. involvement The Bureau of Reclamation, which admin­ we wish to assure the people of Lithuania in Indochina. isters the sale of power from all generators in and Americans of Lithuanian descent The U.S. organization that received most CXXIII--683-Part 9 10848 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Apr il 6, 1977 media publicity during this period was the Joe Collins, the principal credits for the ideas vious: the American public now believes American Servicemen's Union (ASU), in the book, an encyclopedia of anti-military that Congressmen are for sale; that Cap­ founded in December 1967 by Andy Stapp, organizing and sabotage which argues that itol Hill is a playground for special in­ a member of the mmtant Trotskyite com­ widespread drug abuse and racial hatred in It munist Workers World Party (WWP). Stapp, the armed forces were the principal cause terest groups. is hard to refute this who had burned his draft card at an SDS of U.S. abandonment of Southeast Asia, are when more than $22 million in special Penn State rally in 1965, joined the Army given to David Addlestone, National Lawyers interest contributions flowed into con­ in 1966 "believing I could be more effective Guild member and principal attorney for gressional campaigns last year. It is dif­ If I joined the Army and organized from the ACLU's Lawyers Military Defense Com­ ficult to say with a straight face that this within." mittee (LMDC) ; George Schmidt, formerly money was not meant to buy influence Stapp's ASU }:lad an 8-point program of the Chicago Area Military Project; and when most of it went to incumbents and which included demands for enlisted men's Max Watts, "friend of resisters in Europe." most special interest groups targeted control over court martial boards, collective Memoranda from the AFGE's legal and re­ bargaining, election of officers by enlisted search departments in June and December their money to Members of House or men, and "the right to disobey lllegal and 1976 suggest that the military "locals" should Senate committees handling legislation immoral orders." Following two court mar­ voluntarily agree to restrain their activity affecting them. tial trials and a Field Board Hearing on and should only become involved in "non­ I am not alone in believing that this charges of "subversion and disloyalty," dur­ combat" matters. Strike actioµ options are practice crowds out the voter and indi­ ing which Stapp was represented by Michael to be renounced and representation terml­ vidual campaign contributor in the elec­ Kennedy of the National Emergency Civil nated in time of war. tion of our national legislators. Presi­ Liberties Committee (NECLC), Stapp was Generally, AFGE, a non-militant, relatively given an undesirable discharge and con­ conservative union, intends to limit its ac­ dent Carter has proposed that the pres­ tinued with his military organizing as a tivities to "playing a positive role and assist­ ent system be changed; so has Common civman. ing management by identifying sources of Cause. However, both of them have pro­ Radical proponents of U.S. mmtary unions friction before they become larger problems posed public financing, which as we saw consider the Dutch army unions as impor­ and by improving the attractiveness of the from the Presidential election last year, tant models, particularly the VVDM, founded all-volunteer force." is an imperfect solution at best. in 1966, which represents 60% of all con­ While these views may appear reasonable, The most flagrant flaw is that public scripts and which receives assistance from AFGE's reasons for wishing to organize mili­ financing did not eliminate special inter­ the Dutch government. During its eleven tary personnel are suspect. According to the year history, the VVDM has used mass pro­ AFGE National Secretary, Nicholas J. Nolan, est contributions. The National Journal test demonstrations and petition campaigns "What ls important to the government and recently reported that the Carter ticket to secure change. These changes have ranged to our own status within the labor movement spent its full allotment of $21.8 million, from regulations on hair length and saluting is that we have this weapon in the holster." but labor kicked in at least another $8.5 (both now optional) through distribution AFGE National Vice President Allen H. million in exempted campaign activity. of revolutionary literature, to major revi­ Kaplan has further stated, "We now have a Spending for the For·d ticket was no dif­ sions in the military penal code and increases professional army. It is subject to very little ferent. in pay and overtime compensation. control • • •. The rank and file in the mili­ I have two other objections to public A little publicized result of the VVDM's tary have their associations which are quite organizing was the granting of conscientious broad and quite extensive, but they are financing. One involves the kindred prin­ objector status to conscripts who refused weak • • • . The Congress have very little ciples of political and religious freedom. to take part in a 1975 counter-terrorist check on what happens in the mmtary." Just as we do not use Government funds operation. From these statements of the AFGE leader­ to support religious philosophies, so too Terrorists seeking Dutch support for South ship it is implied that the AFL-CIO may be should we not support political philos­ Moluccan independence from Indonesia seeking to usurp control of the m111tary ophies with taxes. seized a train and the Indonesian Embassy in which rightfully belongs to the President and Make no mistake about it, public fi­ December 1975. In the train attack, two per­ Congress. nancing last year did have the effect of sons were killed initially and a third was On January 18, 1977, Senator Thurmond, frustrating third party candidates and slain later in an explosion. Fifty persons with 34 co-sponsors, introduced Senate Bill were held hostage for twelve days. Dutch 274 which would prohibit unionization of the perpetuating the two-party system. As Army conscripts had to be replaced by Ma­ armed forces. S. 274 would provide criminal the Chicago Tribune pointed out re­ rines when some of the Army draftees re­ sanctions against both those in uniform and cently, the public financing provisions of fused to accept orders. civilians who attempt to uruionlze the 1974 had the effect of writing into law The AFGE does not advocate the refusal mmtary. the two-party political tradition. of orders by unionized military personnel. In introducing the Bill, Senator Thurmond Sure, this problem could be remedied Indeed, its unionization program has been stated: by making it easier to obtain the funds, attacked by the extremists of the Center for "For the President, as Commander-in­ but then we will have a huge number of National Security Studies whose chief "ex­ Chief, and the Congress to share civilian con­ pert" on military unions is David B. Cort- trol of the military with union bosses would nonserious candidates taking advantage right. , _ make the beginning of the end of a sound of the law to promote their issues. I, for Cortright first emerged as a leader of the defense force in this Country. We cannot one, am not interested in requiring the anti-Vietnam movement as a speaker for the permit this. Our nation cannot afford to put taxpayers to subsidize the Save the Snail Fifth Avenue Peace Parade Committee service personnel in the position of deciding Darter Candidate for President, for ex­ April 5, 1969 Moratorium. His military serv­ whether their first allegiance is to the union ample. ice was from 1970-71. Cortright and his boss or to their commanders and Country." There are no such problems in my bill. former wife, Monica Heilbrunn, were lead­ However, within th"e Administration sup­ It would encourage people to participate ers of GI's for Peace at Fort Bliss, TX, and port for the AFGE and A.FL-CIO attempts in the political process as individuals and served on the staff of the group's antiwar to gain unionization of the two million mem­ newspaper, Gigline. In January 1971, Cort­ bers of the U.S. armed services may be pro­ eliminate bulk-rate influence buying of right participated in the founding of the vided by Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall who candidates. National Coalition Against War, Racism and during his Senate confirmation hearings Therefore, I urge my colleagues to give Repression (NCAWRR), the successor to the stated his support for military unionization. this measure serious consideration as a New Mobilization Committee which soon viable alternative to public financing. changed its name to the People's Coalition for Peace and Justice (PCPJ) . BUYING OF ELECTIONS In January 1972, Cortright joined the staff of the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) WHY TAX RATE REDUCTIONS HIS­ on the joint research and internship pro­ TORICALLY LEAD TO INCREASES gram of IPS and the Union Graduate School HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN IN TAX REVENUE of Antioch College. At IPS Cortright was OF ILLINOIS a protege of IPS co-director Marcus Raskin. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Upon completion of his book, "Soldiers in HON. JACK F. KEMP Revolt: GI Resistance and the Decline of Wednesday, April 6, 1977 the M111tary" [Doubleday, 1974), in mid OF NEW Y ORK Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Chairman, to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1974, Cortright joined the staff ot CNSS, as day I am introducing a bill to ban all did a number of IPS alumni. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 In addition to IPS figures such as Marcus special interest group contributions from Raskin "my principal adviser,'• Richard Bar­ Federal election campaigns. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Andrew Mel­ net, Ralph Stavins, Leonard Rodberg, and The reason for such a measure is ob- lon is considered by many to be the April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10849 greatest Secretary of the Treasury the conception of those principles of equality only the first maxim, and ignore the fourth. United States has ever had. His great­ on which the country was founded. Any man The principle that a man should pay taxes in est accomplishment was passage of a of energy and initiative in this country can accordance wtih his "ab111ty to pay" is get what he wants out of life. But when that sound but, like all other general statements, substantial tax rate reduction following initiative is ~rippled by legislation or by a has its practical limitations and qua.11:fica­ World War I. He argued that high rates tax system which denies him the right to tions, and when, as a result of an excessive of taxation do not produce increased receive a reasonable share of his earnings, or unsound basis of taxation, it becomes evi­ revenues, but simply increase the incen­ then he will no longer exert himself and the dent that the source of taxation is drying. tive for leisure or to find tax shelters. country will be deprived of the energy on up a.nd wealth is being diverted into unpro­ Consequently, a reduction of high mar­ which its continued greatness depends. ductive channels, yielding neither revenue ginal tax rates will actually lead to an This condition has already begun to make to the Government nor profit to the people itself felt as a. result of the present unsound then it is time to readjust our basis of taxa­ increase in the tax base, and therefore basis of taxation. The existing tax system tion upon sound principles. tax revenues. is an inheritance from the war. During that It seems difficult for some to understand In the following extract from his time the highest taxes ever levied by any that high rates of taxation do not necessarily book, "Taxation: The People's Business," country were borne uncomplainingly by the mean large revenue to the Government, and Mellon explains the reasons why tax rate American people for the purpose of defraying that more revenue may often be obtained by reduction leads to increased tax reve­ the unusual and ever-increasing expenses lower rates. There was an old saying that a nues-which is exactly what happened incident to the successful conduct of a great railroad freight rate should be "what the in the 1920's, and again in the 1960's war. Normal tax rates were increased, and traffic will bear"; that is, the highest rate at a system of surtaxes was evolved in order to which the largest quantity of freight would when President Kennedy did the same make the man of large income pay more pro­ move. The same rule applies to all private thing: portionately than the smaller taxpayer. If businesses. If a price is fixed too high, sales TAXATION: THE PEOPLE'S BUSINESS he had twice as much income, he paid not drop off and with them profits; if a price is FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES twice, but three or four times as much ta.x. fixed too low, sales may increase, but again profits decline. The most outstanding recent The problem of the Government 1s to fix For a short time the surtaxes yielded a. large rates which will bring in a maximum revenue. But since the close of the wa.r peo­ example of this principle is the sales policy amount of revenue to the Treasury and at ple have come to look upon them a.s a busi­ of the Ford Motor Car Company. Does any­ the same time bear not too heavily on the ness expense and have treated them accord­ one question tha.t Mr. Ford has made more taxpayer or on business enterprise. A sound ingly by a.voiding payment as much as pos­ money by reducing the price of his car and tax policy must take into consideration sible. The history of taxation shows that increasing his sales than he would have made three factors. It must produce sufficient taxes which are inherently excessive a.re not by maintaining a high price and a greater revenue for the Government; it must lessen, paid. The high rates inevitably put pressur~ profit per car, but selling less cars? The Gov­ so far as possible, the burden of taxation upon the taxpayer to withdraw his capital ernment is just a business, and can and on those least able to bear it; and it must from productive business and invest it in should be run on business principles. also remove those influences which might tax-exempt securities or to find other law­ Experience has shown that the present high retard the continued steady development of ful methods of a.voiding the realization of rates of surtax are bringing in each year business and industry on which, in the last taxable income. The result is that the progressively less revenue to the Government. analysis, so much of our prosperity depends. sources of taxation are drying up; wealth is This means that the price is too high to the Furthermore, a. permanent tax system should faillng to carry its share of the tax burden; large taxpayer and he is avoiding a taxable be designed not merely for one or two yea.rs a.nd capital is being diverted into channels income by the many ways which are avail­ nor for the effect it may have on any given which yield neither revenue to the Govern­ able to him. What rates will bring in the class of taxpayers, but should be worked out ment nor profit to the people. largest revenue to the Government experi­ with regard to conditions over a. long period Before the period of the war, taxes as high ence has not yet developed, but it is estimated and with a. view to its ultimate effect on the as those now in effect would have · been that by cutting the surtaxes in half, the prosperity of the country as a. whole. thought fantastic and impossible of payment. Government, when the full effect of the re­ As a result of the patriotic desire of the duction is felt, will receive more revenue from These are the principles on which the people to contribute to the limit to the suc­ the owners of large incomes at the lower Treasury's tax policy is based, and any revi­ cessful prosecution of the war, high taxes rates of tax than it would have received at sion of taxes which ignores these fundamen­ the higher rates. This is simply an applica­ tal principles will prove merely a. makeshift were assessed and ungrudgingly paid. Upon the conclusion of peace a.nd the gradual re­ tion of the same business principle referred and must eventually be replaced by a. sys­ moval of war-time conditions of business, the to above, just as Mr. Ford makes more money tem based on economic, rather than political, opportunity is presented to Congress to out of pricing his cars at $380 than at $3,000. considerations. make the tax structure of the United States Looking at the subject, therefore, solely There is no reason why the question of conform more closely to normal conditions from the standpoint of Government reve­ taxation should not be approached from a and to remove the inequalities in that struc­ nues, lower surtax rates are essential. If we non-partisan and business viewpoint. In re­ ture which directly injure our prosperity consider, however, the far more important cent years, in any discussion of tax revision, and cause strains upon our economic fabric. subject of the effect of the present high sur­ the question w.hich has caused most contro­ There is no question of the fact that if the tax rates on the development and prosperity versy is the proposed reduction of the sur­ country is to go forward in the future as it of our country, then the necessity for a taxes. Yet recommendations for such reduc­ has in the past, we must make sure that all change is more apparent. Th e most note­ tions have not been confined to either retarding influences are removed. worthy characteristic of the American people Republican or Democratic administrations. Adam Smith, in his great work, "Wea.Ith is their initiative. It is this spirit which has My own recommendations on this subject of Nations,'' laid down as the first maxim developed America, and it was the same spirit were in line with similar ones ma.de by Sec­ of taxation that "The subjects of every state in our soldiers which made our armies suc­ retaries Houston and Glass, both of whom ought to contribute toward the support of cessful abroad. If the spirit of business ad­ served under a. Democratic President. Tax the Government, as nearly as possible, in venture is killed, this country will cease to revision should never be made the football proportion to their respective abilities," and hold the foremost position in the world. And either of partisan or class politics but should in his fourth and last maxim, that "Every yet it is this very spirit which excessive sur­ be worked out by those who have made a tax: ought to be so contrived as both to take taxes are now destroying. Any one at all in careful study of the subject in its larger out and to keep out of the pockets of the touch with affairs knows of his own knowl­ aspects and are prepared to recommend -the people as little as possible over and above edge of buildings which have not been built, course which, in the end, will prove for the what it brings into the public treasury of of businesses which have not been started, country's best interest. the state," citing as one of the ways by and of new projects which have been aban­ I have never viewed taxation as a means which this last maxim is violated a tax which doned, all for the one reason-high sur­ of rewarding one class of taxpayers or pun­ "may obstruct the industry of the people, taxes. If failure attends, the loss is borne ishing another. If such a point of view ever and discourage them from applying to cer­ exclusively by the adventurer, but if success controls our public policy, the traditi~ns of tain branches of business which might give ensues, the Government takes more than freedom, Justice and equality of opportunity, maintenance and employment to great mul­ half of the profits. People argue the risk is which are the distinguishing characteristics titudes. . . . While it obliges the people to not worth the return. of our American civilization, will have dis­ pay, it may thus diminish, or perhaps destroy, With the open invitation to all men who appeared and in their place we shall have some of the funds, which might enable them have wealth to be relieved from taxation by class legislation with all its attendant evils. more easily to do so." the simple expedient of investing in the more The man who seeks to perpetuate prejudice The further experience of one hundred and than $12,000,000,000 of tax-exempt securities and class hatred is doing America an ill serv­ fifty years since this was written has em­ now available, and which would be unaffected ice. In attempting to promote or to defeat phasized the truth of these maxims, but by any Constitutional amendment, the rich legislation by arraying one class of taxpayers those who argue against a reduction of sur­ need not p ay taxes. We violate Ada.m. Smith's against another, he shows a complete mis- taxes to more nearly peace-time :figures cite first maxim. Where these high surtaxes do 10850 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 bear, is not on the man who has acquired and effluent, unlike industrial effluent, is a chain as does naturally occurring animal holds available wealth, but on the man who, natural, nontoxic, organic, biodegradable debris, rather than causing environmental through his own initiative, is making wealth. problems. Feasibility, load limits and appro­ The idle man is relieved; the producer is material. When adequately dispersed in priate disposal methods would have to be de­ penalized. We violate the fourth maxim. We tidal waters these fish wastes are not termined by local conditions. do not rea-ch the people in proportion to their harmful to marine life. In fact, some ability to pay and we destroy the initiative opinions hold that they are beneficial to which produces the wealth in which the whole marine life inasmuch as they add nutri­ country should share, and which is the ents to the water and are consumed as HUMAN RIGHTS IN NICARAGUA source of revenue to the Government. food by fish 'and other organisms. For In considering any reduction the Govern­ this reason, I believe fish wastes should ment must always be assured that taxes will HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD not be so far reduced as to deprive the Treas­ be treated differently than industrial ef­ ury of sufficient revenue with which prop­ fluents under the law. OF MICHIGAN erly to run its business with the manifold I also want to state for the record that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activities now a part of the Federal Govern­ some seafood processors in my district Wednesday, April 6, 1977 ment and to take care of the public debt. have already spent hundreds of thou­ Tax reduction must come out of surplus rev­ sands of dollars to have the required Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, today enue. In determining the amount of surplus pollution control technology installed. the House of Representatives is debating available these factors control: the revenue The problems they are facing now is the question of human rights in connec­ remaining the same, an increase in expendi­ tion with major foreign policy legislation. tures reduces the surplus, and expenditures what to do with those fish wastes which remaining the same, anything which reduces have been collected. It is conceivable that I have recently received an English trans­ the revenue reduces the surplus. The reac­ allowing these wastes to accumulate on lation of the pastoral letter issued by tion, therefore, of the authorization of ex­ land will pose a far greater health hazard the Bishops of Nicaragua which alleges traordinary or unsound expenditures is two­ to the surrounding community than the denial of human rights in that coun­ fold-it serves, first, to raise the expendi­ would allowing the release of these try. Government censorship prevented tures and so narrow the margin of available wastes into the marine environment. I the letter from being published in Nica­ surplus; and, second, to decrease further or ragua although it was read from the pul­ obliterate entirely this margin by a reduc­ hope that the Administrator of the En­ tion of the Treasury's revenues through the vironmental Protection Agency will be pits of the Catholic Churches ir: Janu­ disturbance of general business, which is sympathetic and responsive to this prob­ ary and February. promptly reflected in the country's income. lem and will work closely with these According to the Nicaraguan bishops, On the other hand, a decrease of taxes companies to help them overcome the the Government of President Anastasio causes an inspiration to trade and commerce problem. Somoza Debayle has denied human which increases the prosperity of the coun­ Finally, I would like to share with my rights by initiating a reign of terror try so that the revenues of the Government, which includes arbitrary arrests, torture, even on a lower basis of tax, are increased. colleagues a statement on the potential Taxation can be reduced to a point appar­ effects of fish wastes on the marine en­ execution wJ.thout trial, and interference ently in excess of the estimated surplus, be­ vironment which was prepared for me by with the right to worship freely. An cause by the cumulative effect of such reduc­ Prof. J. J. Go nor of the School of Ocean­ American foreign policy which supports tion, expenses remaining the same, a greater ography at Oregon State University. governments that terrorize citizens and revenue is obtained. Professor Gonor's well-known commit­ deny religious freedom cannot be justi­ High taxation, even if levied upon an eco­ ment to the protection of the marine en­ fied. I bring the Nicaraguan situation to nomic basis, affects the prosperity of the vironment give his remarks added mean­ the attention of my colleagues in the country, because in its ultimate analysis the burden of all taxes rests only in part upon the ing and I commend them to my col­ hope that this Nation will use its power individual or property taxed. It is largely leagues' attention. and influence to insure human rights for ; borne by the ultimate consumer. High taxa­ STATEMENT ON THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF the people of this Nation and all the na­ tion means a high price level and high cost of SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTES ON ESTUARINE tions of the world. A copy of the English living. A reduction in taxes, therefore, results ENVIRONMENTS translation of the pastoral letter of the not only in an immediate saving to the indi­ (By J. J. Gonor) Bishops or Nicaragua follows: vidual or property directly affected, but an After processing, presently unused or in­ PASTORAL LETTER ultimate saving to all people in the country. edible parts of crabs, shrimp, fish and other It can safely be said, that a reduction in the As Bfshops of Nicaragua placed at the income tax reduces expenses not only of the seafoods remain as liquid and solid wastes. service of the People of God to teach, gov­ income taxpayers but of the entire 110,000,000 They are natural organic materials differing ern and sanctify their Church, we feel the mainly in concentration from similar animal people in the United States. It is for this obligation of announcing the Good News of basic reason that the present question of matter resulting from ecological processes Salvation, concretizing its message in order tax reform is not how much each individual such as natural deaths, feeding by predators to renew the sense of justice in our country. taxpayer reduces his direct contribution, and molting by crustaceans. Like such The events and situations of the present time although this, of course, is a powerful in­ naturally occurring materials, they can be oblige our consciences as pastors to give you fluence upon the individual affected; the real assimilated into marine and estuarine eco­ this message of hope and love. problem to determine is what plan results in systems through decomposer and detrital Our duty of freely preaching the message the least burden to the people and the most food chain processes. of the Gospel (Ev. Nunt. no. ·78) at all times revenue to the Government. seafood wastes become problems in ma­ and in all places is not completely fulfilled rine waters when they are disposed of by be­ without renewing the joys and hopes of man­ ing dumped in quantities which concentrate kind. FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION decomposing matter in poorly flushed areas In inviting you to live a new year more in faster than natural water circulation can dis­ accord with the Gospel which we announce, CONTROL ACT AND SEAFOOD perse or oxygenate it. These problems could we wish to reflect with you on some problems PROCESSORS be more effectively managed by controlling which are very disturbing to Christian con­ the discharge quantity and method on a case­ sciences and to citizens in general. by-case basis rather than by categorically WE CONDEMN ALL TYPES OF VIOLENCE HON. LES AuCOIN banning all seafood waste discharge regard­ OF OREGON The suffering of our people distresses us le~s of local conditions. very much, be they urbanites or campesinos, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When areas of estuaries with good tidal rich or poor, civilians or military, who cry Wednesday, April 6, 1977 flushing and circulation are available, some to GQct seeking the protection of the right to seafood wastes could be adequately dispersed life and to the peaceful enjoyment of the Mr. AuCOIN. Mr. Speaker, yesterday in a form appropriate for effective absorp­ fruits of .their work. I joined in a colloquy with my distin­ tion into natural systems. Wastes could be Unfortunately, much of the sufferings are guished colleagues from Minnesota, Mr. ground and pumped into a high flow sea­ provoked and caused by our own Nicaraguan OBERSTAR, and Alaska, Mr. YOUNG, con­ water waste discharge system delivering brothers. cerning the impact of the Federal Water greatly diluted material by pipe to a well With no partisan political intentions, we flushed region of the estuary. To aid disper­ present and recall here some of the many Pollution Control Act on the Nation's sion, effluent pumping could be restricted to facts with the sole intention of obtaining a seafood processors. ebb tide periods. If quantities were controlled sincere conversion in each one and in all of The point of the colloquy was to un.:. and dispersion were effective, seafood proc­ us who are committed to the search for derscore the fact that ~eafood processing essing wastes could enter the detrital food peace. April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10851 The state of terror obliges many of our Can violence be the remedy or the path for friends. Jess Nevarez of Gardena, Calif., campesinos to flee in desperation from their a renewing change of our institutions? was such a man, and on April 23, 1977, homes and farm lands in the mountains of "To take away life, is to take away peace." the city and people of Gardena will hold Zelaya, Matagalpa and Las Segovias. To violate rights and the constitutional The arbitrary accusations and subsequent laws of the Nation is to provoke institu­ a memorial dance in his honor. arrests because of old grudges and personal tional disorder. Jess Nevarez would have been pleased. envies continue to disturb the peace. To destroy man unjustly is to tempt God. He was a person who enjoyed life to the The investigations of those under suspicion CHRISTIAN HOPE fullest, who rejoiced in the company of continue employing humilating and inhuman the people whom he loved. A dance is methods from tortures and rapes to execu­ Christian faith constantly demands a change of attitudes, conversion in subjec­ truly a fitting memorial to him, because tions without previous civil or military trial. he was at his happiest when bringing joy It has been verified that many villages have tion to God's laws and a better co-existence been practically abandoned; houses and per­ with our neighbor. "The time has come. The and comfort to others. sonal belongings have been burned and' the Kingdom of God is close at hand. Repent · Born in El Paso, Tex., on December 26, people desperate and without help have fled. and believe the Good News." (Mark 1: 15) 1920, Jess lived with his family in Texas, These happenings, far from bringing any We all want to earn a living and our daily Mexico, and Los Angeles, before becom­ justice, rather enflame passions and greatly bread without disturbance from repressive ing a resident of Gardena over 40 years upset the public order. They tend to make forces. We don't want to feel ourselves fenced in; we want to feel ourselves free to ago. After his graduation from Gardena government officials consider themselves be­ High School, Jess joined the Army Medi­ yond the jurisdiction of the institutional serve God and our neighbor with love and laws of the nation and outside the sane prin­ dedication. cal Corps in 1942, receiving his discharge ciples of public order. In a word, these minis­ It is true that while we live on earth we from the service in 1946. Soon afterward ters become marginalized. cannot fully realize a life of justice and love; he opened his own dental laboratory in· And what is worse, there looms a certain but at least let us lay the fundamental G;:trdena, which he operated for 27 years lawlessness not unlike that fostered by so bases, so that in respect and mutual esteem until shortly before his passing this called freedom movements which also stir we can build a working country, and try to January. passions, lead to personal vendettas and end carry out the Christian task of living in love without destructive hatreds. As an active, involved citizen whose up in "new lords" who take• charge of gov­ heart went out to help others, Jess was ernment but without regard for human CONCLUSION without a peer. He was an active pa­ rights. The prospect of a new year invites us to We make this overall, global summary of review seriously our deeds and our present rishioner at Saint Anthony's Church, the problem which disturbs us not with the social order, which are fruits of the attLtudes and it was through his efforts that a intention of exhausting its every aspect but of our consciences. weekly Spanish language mass at the with the aim of promoting a serious, con­ Peace is born in the intimacy of our con­ church was initiated. In addition, he was structive and shared reflection. The grave science. Pope Paul VI tells us in his call to the first president of the Guadalupand moral and social consequences which actu­ peace for the year 1977, "If you desire peace, Child; and was an active member of the ally are undermining public order urgently defend life." As Christians, as citizens, we Knights of Columbus. demand it. have the unescapable obligation to seek this As a practical result of these facts, con­ peace, building it up out of• the depths of Jess became active in organizations fusion and the ills of the Nation are grow­ our hearts. with t.Qe full intent of performing some ing: We sum up this call to the conscience task for the benefit of others. Once an On the one side the accumulation of lands of all Nicaraguans and to our governmental Indian reservation was in desperate need and riches in the hands of a few is increas­ authorities in three petitions. Concretely we of water. As a member of the American ing. ask..for: Legion Post 187, Jess raised the money to On the other, the powerless campesinos are 1. Guarantees of life and of work and a re­ drill a new well to meet the Indians' deprived of their farm lands through threats turn of civil rights. and are taken advantage of because of the 2. Proper trials for common crimes as well daily needs. state of emergency. as for so-called political crimes. One of the activities that Jess was Many crimes go unpunished, which hurts 3. Freedom to promote a more just and especially devoted to was the Gardena the respect for fundamental rights. equitable order. Sister City program. When the city of The number of prisoners who have not These, we emphasize, can only be had Huatabampo, Mexico, was hit by a disas­ been presented for trial and who cannot have where there is freedom of expression and trous purricane last year, the people of legal recourse is increasing, religious freedom. Gardena collected the supplies needed to INTERFERENCE IN THE RELIGIOUS REALM To all we impart our blessing in the words aid their strickened sister city. Despite Another violation which disturbs the exer­ of the Apostle St. Peter, "There is no need to be afraid or to worry about them. Simply poor health, Jess Nevarez helped deliver cise of the fundamental freedoms is the in­ the provisions to the city almost 2,000 terference in the religious order. reverence the Lord Christ in your hearts, In some towns of the segovias the com­ and always have your answer ready for peo­ miles to the south. On his return, he mandants demand special permission for ple who ask you the reason for the hope found his place of business destroyed by each religious meeting of Catholics. that you all have." (1 Peter 3:14-15) fir~ · In other places in the mountains of Ze­ Given in Managua on the eighth day of January in the year of the Lord 1977. Despite that, and his increasingly poor laya and Matagalpa, the patrols have occu­ health, Jess continued to help gather pied the Catholic chapels, using them for Signed by Manuel Salazar E., Bishop of Leon & President of Episcopal Conference; supplies for another trip to Huatabampo, barracks. Some Catholic Delegates of the Word of Salvador Schlaefer B., Bishop of Vicariate of a trip he was destined never to make. God have been pressured to suspend their Blueflelds & Vice President, Episcopal Con­ Shortly after being admitted to the hos­ cooperation with the missionary priests. ference; Leoviglldo Lopez F., Bishop of Gra­ pital for a series of tests, Jess Nevarez There are cases in which Delegates of the nada; Miguel Obando Bravo, Archbishop of suffered a heart attack and passed away Word have been captured by members of the Managua; Julian L. Barni S., Bishop of last January. Matagalpa; Pablo A. Vega, Bishop-Prelate army, have been tortured and some have dis­ of Juigalpa; and Clemente carranza L., Jess Nevarez was a man of unfailing appeared. good humor and cheerfulness. He en­ Some directors of the committees of the Bishop of Esteli & Secretary of Episcopal rural communities have suffered the same Conference. joyed riding a motorcycle cross country, fate. and was planning to take a trip through HUMAN DIGNITY • Baja California in the near future. Those All these practices and others like them, IN TRIBUTE TO JESS NEVAREZ whose lives he touched will remember not in themselves contrary to human dignity only his community activities, but the and to the fundamental rights of man, de­ thousands of acts of kindness that he grade civilization and are totally contrary performed daily to help his neighbors. to the plan of God. Christ's words are de­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON cisive: "What you did with one of these the OF CALIFORNIA My wife, Lee, joins .me in expressing least of my brothers, you did to me." (Mt. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our most sincere condolences to Jess' 25:40) lovely wife, Millie, and their children, Let us reflect: whom does this situation of Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Christine Mallet and Charles. They are terror and unjust exterlnination benefit? Mr. ANDERSON of California. MT. fortunate indeed to have known this Do we perhaps wish to usurp God's right Speaker, it is not often that a man, great man more than anyone else, and and make ourselves the lords of life and through his inherent generosity and for having shared their lives together death? over the years. The warm, fond memories can the mere personal convenience of a goodness of nature, leaves a mark on his few be the criterion for harassing one's community that will last as long as his he left behind will be cherished by many neighbor? memory in the hearts of his family and through the years ahead. 10852 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS · . April 6, 1977 VETERAN BENEFITS FOR INDIVID­ II, sergeants assigned to the Air Force to amend existing veterans' laws. In the UALS WHO SERVED IN CIVILIAN were pilots before the concept of having 75th Congress, the Committee on Pen­ CAPACI7'Y IN THE ARMED FORCES officer pilots only was established. A staff sions compiled a list of individuals who sergeant in 1942 received $110 per month had asked for veterans' status which and a second lieutenant received $150 included: HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE per month. Civil War. OF TEXAS They-WASPS-were civil servants Civil War Slaves. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with war service appointments subject to Military Telegraph Corps. the National Retirement Act and Civil State Troops. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Service leave regulations. They paid for Missouri M111tia. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, there is their own housing and food at $1.65 per Montell Guards. currently pending before the Veteran's day. They wore clothing which had been Cc;mfederate Veterans. Affairs Committee a series of bills, H.R. issued to them and later were issued a Indian Wars. 3277, 3321, 5087, 5171, 5211, 5666, and type of dress uniform. They were super­ Packers, teamsters, surgeons, and civilian 5718 which seek to provide veterans vised by civil service establishment scouts. status for women who served in the officers. They, had a right to resign at Deputy Marshals. Women's Air Force . Service Pilots­ any time, and most important of all, it Scouting Service. WASPS-in world War II. These are should be noted that they were not sub­ Indian Scouts. very important bills, and the subject ject to any form of military discipline. Spanish War. · matter deserves the most careful scru­ They were not subject to normal military Nurses, male. Surgeons, assistant and contract. tiny before the Col}.gress acts upon any command. As civil servants, they were Veterinarians, contract. one of these proposals. It has a long, in­ not entitled to medical care at an Army Teamsters. teresting history; and if legislation of installation. World War! this type should be enacted, it would, in The WASP program was deactivated my judgment, be a mistake and one American Red Cross. on December 20, 1944. The military American Secret Service, State Depart­ which would inevitably create a prece­ situation in Europe had changed sub­ ment, Treasury, women citizens and welfare dent for use of groups and organizations stantially with the successful invasion of workers. which might not have such a list of pres­ Normandy. With the slakening of de­ Adjutants general, United States Property tigious sponsors as the WASPS proposal. mand for pilots, it was agreed that there and disbursing officers' service. The -most recent activity in this field would be no specific justification for a Civilian clerks, Engineer Department. occurred when the substance of the pro­ training program for women noncom­ Civilian employees as defined by War De- partment. posal was included as an amendment to batants. Arrangements were made with Civ111an employees and contract surgeons. H.R. 71, 94th Congress, a bill which dealt the Civil Aeronautics Administration to Secretaries, dieticians, bacteriologists. with providing health care for certain recognize flying experience of WASPS in Customs Intelligence Bureau, Port of New groups allied with the United. Stat~s the issuance of commercial pilots licenses. York. during periods of war. The WASP bill In 1948, the Air Force offered all former Draft Board, appointment under Selective was not considered by any committee of WASPS who met tstandards and quali­ Service La. w. the other body, but was added as an fications commissions in the Air Force or Draftees, induction not completed prior the Air Force Reserve in a nonflying to Nov. 30, 1918. amendment to this bill by the senior Engineer field clerks. Senator from Arizona on the Senate status. However, such WASPS service did Employees, Engineer Department. floor. At that time, the chairman of the not count toward either reserve or regu­ Field clerks. Veterans' Affairs Committee, the gentle­ lar retirement. An unknown number of Enlisted men accepted and assigned to man from Texas, the Honorable RAY former WASP pilots availed themselves educational institutions. ROBERTS, and the ranking minority mem­ of this opportunity. Merchant Marine, U.S. Shipping Boa.rd ber, the gentleman from Arkansas, the In early 1944 a proposal to militarize vessels in war zone. Midshipmen and cadets. Honorable JOHN PAUL HAMMERSCHMIDT, the WASPS was introduced in the House Nurses, student, Army. advised the Senator that if a oill in­ and was favorably reported by the then Nurses, students, and reconstruction a.ides. corporating the provisions of this Military Affairs Committee. The Appro­ Postal Service employees of American Ex- amendment is introduced in the next priations Committee report referred to peditionary Forces in Europe and Asia. Congress-95th-appropriate agency re­ the belief of their subcommittee that the Russian Railway Service. ports will be obtained 'and the subcom,­ WASPS ·should be militarized. Despite Signal clerks at large, service overseas in mittee with jurisdiction would hold this favorable action, the bill failed of Signal service and Air service. hearings. The chairman of the Com­ Telephone operators, Signal Corps. passage. The House report on H.R. 4219, Training Corps, Students, Army. mittee on Veterans' Affairs advises me 78th Congress, March 22, 1944, stated: Warrant officers. that agency reports are being requested In recognition of these principles, the Women who served with American Expedi­ from the Veterans' Administration, the Army Air Forces now employ as Federal civil­ tionary Forces. Department of Defense, and the Depart­ service employees over 500 women pilots. Women who served in base hospitals. ment of Labor. These women are engaged in piloting all types of aircraft within the continental lim­ Since, the 75th Congress suggestions Now a. little bit of history- its of the United States. have been made to include: The rapid military and industrial Aviation Midshipmen. mobilization during the early days of It should be pointed out that those Merchant Marine Service. World War II placed considerable strain individuals who were injured on duty Civil Defense Workers. on all available manpower resources. were not eligible for service-connected Civ111ans serving aboard troop ships oper- Naturally, one of the areas affected by compensation from the Veterans' Ad­ ated by U.S. Army. ministration, nor were they eligible for Army Indian Scouts. this mobilization was aircraft pilots. In Russian Railway Service Corps. order to ease the strain of this shortage, retirement based on disability·but rather Draftsmen, and Clerks, Engineer Corps. the Women's Auxiliary Flying Squad­ were compensated as other civilian em­ Auditors of War Department. ron-WAFS, and later the Women's Air ployees of the Federal Government are Contract Nurses with Army. Force Service Pilots-WASPS-were es­ today and always have been by the of­ Contract Medical or Dental Personnel Serv- tablished. They were activated in 1942. fice of workers' compensation program, ing with Armed Forces. The WASPS were civil service ap­ formerly known as the Bureau of Em­ State Guards During WW TI. ployees' Compensation, Department of The American Field Service. paintees and they received $150 a month Accredited War Correspondents. for maintenance and after assignment, Labor, a civilian agency. Civ111an Engineers, Department of the $250 per month. After student status in Mr. Speaker, there are many individ­ Army. ungraded positions, they received the uals and groups of individuals, all classi­ Students, Army Training Corps, WW I. amount I have indicated, $250 per month fied as civilians, who over the years from Ci'V111an employees engaged in and a.bout plus $36.25 overtime based on a 48-hour at least the time of the Spanish-Ameri­ the construction of the Panama. Cana.I. workweek. In contrast it should be can War down to and including World Red Cross ambulance drivers. Persons who served on the U.S. Revenue pointed out that a private in the Army War II have made claims for veterans' Service in the Arctic-1898. in 1942 received a base pay of $50 per benefits and felt that they were entitled Security Patrol Force of Guam-WW TI. month. In the early days of World War to consideration on the part of Congress Telephone Operators-WW I. April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10853 Teamsters in Spanish-American War and vey to you my feelings on the militarization introduced in the House which would WWI. of the WASP. grant a $1,000 tax credit over a 3-year Individuals who served in the Army but So as not to repeat myself, I am enclosing period to those men who served. in a who were placed on agricultural furloughs. copies of correspondence forwarded to our Coast Guard Reserve. President and another WASP active in pro­ combat zone during the Vietnam era and moting this. received an honorable discharge. Others, I am sure, could be added to I sincerely feel, I must put my country's I already have joined with my col­ this rather lengthy list. economic security above personal security or leagues who have denounced the admin­ I want to close these remarks by point­ recognition and hope you will try to under­ istration's plan to upgrade bad conduct ing out that this is not a simple ques­ stand my position. military discharges received during the tion. It is not a inatter which should be Respectfully, Vietnam era, and I continue to feel the considered favorably or not favorable be­ VmGINIA F. WISE. move is a grave insult and a great dis­ cause all of those involved happen to be TALLAHASSEE, FLA., service to those men who served our women. It should be considered on the March 10, 1977. country honorably and as decreed by the basis of logic and the facts, which in my Mrs. FRANKIE BRETHERICK, armed services, often at great personal judgment would indicate it not be ap­ Sarasota, Fla. expense. proved because the individuals, WASPS, DEAR FRANKIE: I appreciate hearing from The blanket criteria set up by Presi­ were not in the military and not under you about the Senate Bill S. 247 and about dent Carter makes upgrading of the dis­ military discipline. If we ever depart Pappy Boyington's show about the WASP. I charge virtually automatic rather than from this basic rule which has been the can readily see you are quite concerned about setting up a comprehensive review of getting the G.I. benefits for us. hallmark of veterans' benefits, then I I too, am quite concerned but it's along each case individually, and that means submit that there will be no logical stop­ other lines. First, President Carter has just few discharges will remain in a category ping place, and we will degrade the added another 20 billion dollars to an already that is less than honorable. That also meaning of military service and reduce deficit 1977 budget. Having been an inde­ will open the door for those who either its significance. pendent business wpman for 20 years, I can refus~ to serve their country or carried I would not be among those who do not truthfully say, "that's no way to run a show!" out their duty under less than minimal appreciate the service of the WASPS Secondly, and most important, I am grate­ standards to claim veteran's benefits during World War Il, nor would I in any ful to my fellow countrymen for the very that are paid by the hard-earned money unique and rare opportunity to receive such way want to criticize the merchant sea­ .a wonderful experience as the WASP, that I of American taxpayers. I feel this is men who risked their lives to get men do not have the heart to add to their already morally wrong, especially when, as a and cargo to distant places in World War unreal tax load. And, down deep in my heart Nation, we are bard-pressed to meet the n. I would not in any way criticize the I cannot believe that is the path to our de­ needs of many causes which are more role of the thousands of members of the sired recognition. Pappy Boyington did more deserving. American Red Cross who did yeoman for us in one hour than any government The taxpayers of this country should service in World War I and II in serving handout ever could. I agree with my class­ not be required to pay up to $1 billion in with our troops, nor would I in any way mate (encl.) we are indeed a unique group so why can't we turn the tide in this country veteran's benefits to men who either re­ want to do anything but praise the role and retract our outstretched hands. It might fused to serve or left the defense of their of the entertainment world which per­ stun many people into facing reality and country under less than honorable cir­ formed for our troops at various Army truly give us recognition. cumstances. We owe them no debt for and NaVY stateside installations, nor the Perhaps those of us who don't look upon not performing what was required or thousands of topflight performers who this move with pride is the reason for your expected of them. gave shows on or near the battlefield in lack of response. I join in support of this bill, because it order to maintain the morale of our If there are any of our group in need what a excludes veterans whose discharges are fighting forces. But these individuals wonderful opportunity for us to be truly Christians and to give instead of receive. upgraded under the Carter plan and be­ were individuals, like the WASPS, serv­ Please don't feel badly with me. I just hap­ cause it is an expression of the grati­ ing the Government and their Nation on pen to have an opposite view. tude the American people feel to those a patriotic basis. They were not subject Yours very sincerely, men who carried out their duties in to military discipline, which meant they VmGINU F. WisE, Vietnam. could come and go as they pleased. In Realtor. most instances they received far more rights, rewards, salary, and other bene­ However, before I fall asleep, I do wish TRIBUTE TO RICHARD J. NEUTRA fits than individuals who were serving in the Waspies would shape up & retract their the Army or NaVY in the enlisted status outstretched hands. Think how they could or on the officers level. I applaud them revolutionize the country-setting an ex­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN ample of "we don't want anything from the OF CALIFORNIA all and others that I cannot mention at govt." Guess I don't understand the prob­ this time. But if we let down the stand­ lem. Maybe if they are seeking only recog­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ards for the WASPS, we must in equity nition & hospitalization, they should state Wednesday, April 6, 1977 do the same for all who serve on a sim­ their case more positively as to what they ilar basis. For these and other reasons, I don't want. Other benefits whatever they Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have am opposed to the favorable considera- might be. After all there was a whale of dif­ the privilege to bring to your attention tion of this legislation. · ference between being stuck in the Service & the honoring of a distinguished former Mr. Speaker, it should be noted that being able to quit whenever you wanted. resident of my district, Richard J. Neu­ some who served in the Women's Air Oh well that's heretical, but as I say I guess tra, who has been selected to receive the I don't understand the problem. Yesterday highest honor which can be bestowed by Force Service Pilots-WASPS-in World was yesterday & today is today. Why a.re we War II do not support legislation to fighting yesterday's grievances? I don't re­ the American Institute of Architects: its grant veterans benefits for such service. member being shot at or tramping in any­ Gold Medal. · I recently received a copy of a letter with thing but Texas mud. This medal,· awarded only 38 times attachments from Ms. Virginia F. Wise, Enuff-happy real estating. during the 71 years since its first presen­ of Tallahassee, Fla., which was sent to May Florida get warm & Washington get tation has been received only twice be­ the distinguished senior Senator from wet. fore by Califomians, both from San Arizona, the Honorable BARRY GOLD­ A.B. Francisco. The Gold Medal is an inter­ WATER, with reference to pending bills national award presented only when the in the House and Senate. I think the feel­ TAX CREDIT FOR VIETNAM institute identifies an exceptional candi­ ings expressed by Ms. Wise are similar to date. Last presented in 1972, this year's those of hundreds of thousands of dedi­ COMBAT VETERANS award will mark the first time this.honor cated Americans who served their coun­ has gone to a southern California archi- try during World War n in a civilian HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH tect in the history of the American In­ capacity: OF NEW YORK stitute of Architects. The medal will be TALLAHASSEE, FLA., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presented during the AIA annual· con­ March 16, 1977. vention in San Diego in June, and will be Re Senate Bill S. 247; House Bills H.R. 3321 Wednesday, April 6, 1977 and H.R. 3277. received on behalf of his father by Dion DEAR SENATOR GOLDWATER: At the risk of Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, I would like Neutra, architect, who began his long losing valued friendships, I feel I must con- to express my support for a bill to be association with his father in the early 10854 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6. 1977 1940's and continues the firm known as itants from the harsh desert climate yet HON. JOHN M. MURPHY OF NEW Richard and Dion Neutra Architects and is fully open to its natural setting. YORK ON THE MERCHANT' Associates which celebrated its 50th year Throughout their half century of MARINE FLEET of practice in 1976. practice, the Neutras designed a wide Richard Neutra, who died in 1970 at range of building types, from the homes HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI the age of 78, gained a worldwide repu­ and schools by which they first became tation as one of the developers of "Cali­ known, to office buildings, churches, OF NEW YORK fornia style." One of the first architects clinics, libraries, college facilities, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to make a conscious application of the museums. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 findings of biology and the behavioral Many of their major works were de­ signed for public clients: The U.S. Em­ Mr. ZEFERETI'I. Mr. Speaker, the sciences to the design of human environ­ American merchant marine fleet and ments, he was also a pioneer in the use bassy in Karachi, Pakistan: The Lincoln Memorial in Gettysburg, Pa.: The Los the American maritime industry have of modern industrialized building ma­ reached a crossroads in our Nation's terials and techniques. His work has had Angeles County Hall of Records, and Orange County Courthouse are outstand­ history. What the House Merchant a profound effect on architectural think­ Marine Committee and the Congress do ing for the past 50 years and his timeless ing examples. As a consultant to the government of in the 95th Congress could very well de­ buildings testify to the enduring signifi­ termine the future of the U.S.-flag cance of his achievement. Puerto Rico, Neutra designed extensive systems of schools and health facilities merchant marine and our shipbuilding Born in Austria, Neutra grew to ma­ industrial base. turity in the lively cultural atmosphere for the entire island. This commission led to further work in the field of design The chairman of the Merchant of early 20th century Vienna. One of his Marine and Fisheries Committee, JOHN earliest mentors was architect Adolf Loos, for tropical. climates, suited to the eco­ nomic constraints faced by developing M. MURPHY of New York, has given a whose rejection of the highly orna­ series of speeches outlining a program mented beaux arts style laid the ground­ countries. Perhaps the most prolific writer for the House Merchant Marine Com­ work for Neutra's characteristic clarity mittee which many of us hope will mark and simplicity of form. among contemporary architects, Neutra was the author of numerous articles and a turning point in the downward spiral Neutra came to the United States in several influential books on his phllos- . of the U.S.-flag fleet. In a speech on 1923, worked briefly in New York and in ophy of design. These include: "How February 18, 1977, before the AFL-CIO Chicago, and in 1924 went to Taliesin America Builds," 1927; "New Buildings maritime trades meeting in Miami, Fla .. where he studied and worked with Frank in the World," 1930; 'Architecture of Mr. MURPHY outlined in great detail a Lloyd Wright. Social Concern," 1948; "Mystery and part of his program to guarantee that In 1925 ·he settled in southern Cali­ Realities of the Site," 1951; "Survival the United States has a strong merchant fornia which had long attracted him be­ Through Design," 1945; "Life and Hu­ marine fleet before the last half of the cause of its widely diversified climate and 20th century. I commend this speech to man Habitat," 1957; "Realismo Biolo­ my colleagues and urge that they study range of natural environment which pro­ gico," 1958; "World and Dwelling," 1962, vided the setting and the inspiration for it so that they can understand the issues and an autobiography, "Life and Shape," involved when appropriate legislation is much of his work. 1962. His spectacular "health house" con­ reported from the full Merchant Marine . His wife Dione, who worked closely Committee to the House floor which will structed in 1929, brought him immediate with him throughout his career, is pres­ international recognition. With its revo­ help achieve America's historic place on ently preparing a biography based on the high seas: lutionary steel frame construction and their ·correspondence. · use of prefabricated elements, this "float­ Neutra pioneered in attempting to find REMARKS OF THE HONORABLE JOHN M. ing house" on its steep hillside estab­ MURPHY a more secure-and even scientific­ Thank you, Paul, for that very kind in­ lished his reputation as an innovative basis for design decisions. architect and was the first of the numer­ troduction. Neutra's concern with Earth's limited It ls an honor for me to be with you today. ous private residences in which he de­ resources and the danger of Man's ever I appreciate the opportunity to give you my veloped and refined his philosophy of increasing technology without due re­ thoughts on some subjects that vitally af­ "nature near" design. gard for natural limits has accom­ fect the future of us all. Like its successors, this glass and steel panied his writing and thinking almost I am speaking to you today not only as house reflects his overriding concern with an old friend, but as the Chairman of the from the beginning. He was a true House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Com­ the creation of environments encom­ pioneer in the "ecology movement." passing human needs in balance with mittee. Because of my intense interest in natural surroundings. Neutra's own.view of the role and task the American merchant marine I worked of the modern architect illustrates the hard to become chairman, and was gratified During the 1930's Neutra became abiding concern for human beings that to have received the overwhelming· support firmly established as a designer of resi­ gives his architecture its continuing im­ of my colleagues in the House of Repre­ dences, most of them in California. Not pact. He wrote: sentatives. And you can be sure that I will all were luxurious dwellings for wealthy work just as hard at the job of being chair­ clients. Many of the houses were com­ The architect ls. by his professional tradi­ man as I did to get it. tion a coordinator, a "charmer of special­ There have been attempts in the past-­ pleted on minimal budgets; yet in each ists." By intuition he has felt himself on and one very recent attempt--to eliminate he devoted great care to understanding occasion into other human beings. In future the Merchant Marine Committee from the the lifestyles and individual needs of the he will cultivate this skill and be helped in Congress, I vigorously fought these attempts families for whom he built. · it by the increasing amount of current re­ and along with a few colleagues we have thus Also during this decade Neutra began search ... far been successful in staying alive. to design apartments and multiple hous­ The future architect may emerge from I intend to see that that ls the last time ing projects. Among the most significant being the assemblyman of well-advertised the future of this committee-and the mari­ material novelties, from being a mechanis­ time industry-is put in jeopardy. And make of these was Channel Heights, a Federal tic constructivist. He must enthusiastically no mistake about it up until today these public housing project completed in 1942 . . become an "applied physiologist," a "biolog­ have been very real possibilities. The com­ This was the first project in which his son ical realist," full of sympathy for man, mittee survived the Bolling reform move­ Dion, just completing high school, en­ whom he endeavors to recognize in his in­ ment and the recent mo,•es within the Demo­ gaged in a meaningful way, acting as a divisible individuality, in his wonderful or­ cratic study group. Now the industry must field draftsman supporting the construc­ ganic responses and life processes, all fused overcome the Ford administration going tion process. with one another. away present--an attempt to sabotage the operating differential subsidy program. With Notable among the Neutra works of the It gives me great pleasure to ask the your support I was successful in stopping 1940's was the "desert house" in Palm Members to share in honoring this man the efforts of those who sought the end of Springs. Here the architects created a re­ who has contributed so g~eatly to our the Merchant Marine Committee in Con­ markable oasis that protects its inhab- country's culture. gress and I am convinced that with no April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10855 "Ford in our future" we can be Just as We can no longer sit idly by and watch as in the commercial marketplace with lower effective with the Carter administration con­ a secure source of minerals evaporates be­ cost foreign-flag vessels without some form cerning the operating-differential subsidy fore our eyes. We must enact legislation that of assistance. Therefore, to insure that we program. will enable the U.S. ocean mining industry Will have U.S.-fiag vessels, the Government In view of the forces opposing our mer­ to commence these vital operations with provides the following aids: chant marine industry I make this pledge American workers. Construction and operating subsidies that to you this morning. Therefore, on February 10, 1977 I intro­ a.re meant to place our merchant vessels on I did not serve in Congress and on the duced a bill, H.R. 3350, that would establish a rough sort of cost parity with foreign-flag Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee an interim program to create a stable invest­ competitors; for 14 years and become chairman of that ment climate for the American ocean min­ The capital construction fund that is de­ committee to preside over its demise or the ing industry. The bill contains a number of signed to offset, in part, the virtual tax-free demise of the maritime industry. I guar­ technical provisions to achieve this result world of international shipping; antee that both will survive and thrive in until-if ever-a law of the sea treaty be­ And, finally, the title XI guarantee pro­ the future. comes binding upon the United States. Of gram that is designed to assist U.S.-flag But if I am to accomplish this and get particular interest, however, is the fact that merchant vessel operators to obtain needed done what must be done in the 95th Con­ all vessels engaged in the transportation of capital to replace and/or expand their fleets gress, I will need the unified support of the these minerals to the United States would at reasonable rates of interest. entire maritime industry. I am here to re­ have to b'e U.S.-flag vessels, manned by These half-way measures are no big "give­ quest your assistance on several pieces of American citizens, and my bill stipulates away" as our critics would have the Ameri­ legislation that are not only vital to the that all processing of recovered minerals can people believe. future well-being of the United States, but would be performed in the United States Construction subsidy can be no more than would also result in increased employment thereby guaranteeing us from being "held half the vessel construction cost. Recently, for American workers at a time when un­ up" by any international cartel-any inter­ it has been much lower" than half; reaching employment is at an intolerable level­ national gang if you will-in the area of a low of about 16 percent for the construc­ about 8 percent. these vital minerals. tion of certain LNG vessels. And operating First, I will comment briefly on where we I have no doubt that this will be one of the subsidy generally covers only about 20 per­ more controversial issues to come before the cent of the U.S.-flag operating costs. During are going with respect to ocean mining. As the first 5 years after the Merchant Marine you know, this subject is the major source Merchant Marine Committee and the 95th Congress, and I will need your strong sup­ Act of 1970, the average annual outlay for of controversy before the United Nations construction subsidy was about $180 m1llion, Law of the Sea Conference. At the present port. Now-to move on to another important and the average annual outlay for operating time, the United States is the only nat'ion subsidy was a1>9ut $246 million. The tax with the technical expertise to engage in piece of controversial legislation-my amend­ ments to the Outer Continental Shelf Act. deferral provisions of the capital construc­ deep seabed mining. The underdeveloped tion fund do not represent a cost to the nations do not have this expertise, but can­ At the suggestion of your Washington repre­ sentatives, I have modified the amendment Government, but can be construed as result­ and do-out-vote us at the conference. They ing in a tax loss to the Nation of about $40 want to control these operations through an so that it will now generally require that any vessel, rig, or platform, used in the ex­ m1llion a year. The title XI guarantee pro­ international seabed authority which could ploration, development, or production of oil gram operates at no cost to the Government very well lead to an international cartel and currently has a profit of about $88 similar to the organization of petroleum ex­ and gas on the shelf must be manned by U.S. citizens. As you know, at the present time million. porting countries. Equally disturbing to me there is no such restriction, and as the Offsetting these costs are the economic has been the position of the Ford administra­ American offshore business begins to acceler­ benefits which naturally result from the tion, which appeared willing to give up ate, we face the possibility of being over-run construction and operation of U.S.-flag mer­ anything just to reach an agreement. I do with foreign operated rigs. chant vessels. I refer, of course, to balance not think that the recent appointment of You may be assured that the so-called of payments benefits, increased employment, Elliot Richardson as chairman of the Murphy amendment will be offered again in increased taxes, and the ocean transportation American delegation indicates a continua­ service that facmtates our international the 95th Congress, as I continue to be of trade. For what they provide, the net cost tion of such a policy by President Carter. the firm belief that if we are to retrieve our If it does however, I will do everything in of these Government programs is miniscule-­ own petrochemical resources in the OCS, a mere pittance in the overall picture. my power to reverse the "give-away" hand then we should assure that the exploration that the American Government has followed Given this limited assistance, the U.S.­ occurs in such a way as to bring the maxi­ flag merchant vessel operator is expected to in the past. At the present time there is too mum in benefits to our economy and to much uncertainty about the LOS negotia­ find his own profit so as to maintain and American workers. expand his fleet that contributes so much tions for American companies to start deep­ On this one, I could use a little more help 0 to the well-being of the United States­ sea mining operations, and it is no secret than I received the last time such an amend­ that I strongly favor unilateral legislation both in peacetime and during times of na­ ment was brought up on the floor. I am tional emergency. And it is the construction to permit United States companies to com­ hopeful that with the modification we have mence such operations. made, this time the amendment will be and repair of U.S.-fiag merchant vessels that Are you aware that in 1973, the United adopted. supports our snipbuilding industrial base so States imported 82 percent of its nickel, I will now comment on the current status that it will be avaUable in times of national 77 percent of its cobalt, 82 percent of its of the U.S.-flag merchant marine. emergency. manganese, and 5 percent of its copper? If It is obvious that the American maritime It's a good deal for the U.S. Government. the United States were to move ahead and industry is at a cross-roads. What we do in And it's a good deal for the American mine the seabed, we could become totally the 95th Congress-together-may very well peonle. independent in the production of copper, determine the_ future role of the U.S.-flag The U.S.-flag operator is required to com­ nickel, and cobalt by the early 1990's, and merchant marine and pur shipbuilding in­ mit most of the capital required for the would be importing only about a quarter of dustrial base. vessel, and then earn a profit if he can. Sub­ our manganese requirements. The maritime industry has Just about been sidy insures neithe:r cargo nor profit; yet I introduced legislation in the la.st Con­ studied to death. cargo is basic to staying in business, much gress that would give American companies We all know that the fundamental problem less earning a profit. the investment climate they need to finance is the lack of cargo for U.S.-flag merchant Profit is not a dirty word. such operations. The bill was approved by vessels. And Government subsidy does not guar­ the subcommittee, but due to pressure from It is time for action and I intend to get antee profit. the Ford administration, never got out of such action. Profit is a function of cargo. Without the full committee. Since the enactment over 40 years ago of profit, the United States oa.nnot maintain But now it is time for the Congress to act. the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, the United a merchant marine. And without the new While we were waiting for some action by States has traditionally looked to the com­ oonstru<:tion generated by such profit, the the Ford administration, and while the ocean mercial marketplace to provide the U.S.-flag United States cannot maintain an adequate mining industry geared down because of the merchant marine required by the military shiobuilding industria,l base. uncertainty of the future, foreign competi­ during periods of national emergency-criti­ For a number of reasons, the existing tors have been rushing to catch up with the cal times such as World War II, the Korean subsidy system and the commercial market­ United States. war, and the Vietnam war. And, of course, place have not been successful in providing it looks to the commercial marketplace dur­ for the merchant marlne we requfxe--e.nd Congress can no longer sit back and watch ing peacetime to protect our legitimate eco­ the time has come to admit it. this erosion of our technical lead. nomic interests as the world's greatest In times of normal trading, such as now We can no longer sit back and watch the trading Nation. exist, the U.S.-flag merchant marine has been State Department bargain away U.S. inter­ The act of 1936 recognized that U.S.-fl.ag almost completely shut out of certain mark­ ests. merchant vessels cannot effectively compete ets by means of various devices, exposed to 10856 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 predatory rate practices by certain foreign­ countries a.re actively expanding their mer­ by ship. At the present time, there a.re only fi a.g carriers such as the Soviets, and increas­ chant fleets, and there ls every llkellhood 16 active U.S.-fiag dry bulk vessels, and this ingly frustrated as the world of international that cargo reservation measures will be in­ fleet accounts for only 1.6 percent of our free t rade evolves into a world where some stituted for these vessels. trade in dry bulk commodities. form of cargo reservation is rapidly becOin­ It ls bad enough being dependent upon Foreign-flag merchant vessels carry over tng the rule rather than the exception. Un­ these countries for oil. 98 percent of these strat-egtc materials. able to secure the cargo necessary for the To be dependent upon them for oll and In my Judgment this is a national dis­ profl.t r quired to replace and expand our ocean transports. tion would be a disaster! grace! fleet, the ca.pa.bil1ty of the U.S.-flag merchant Perhaps the single most important reason When the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 marine remains at a dangerously low level. for the failure o! the United States to main­ was originally enacted, the preponderence As a re ult, the number of U.S.-flag mer­ tain a fleet of U.S.-flag tankers and dry bulk of our foreign trade was breakbulk cargo cho.nt vessels available to the Department of vessels after World War II ls the concept of transportable by liner vessels. As a result, Defense in a. major conventional war would "effective U.S. control" age.inst which charges opera.ting-differential subsidy was Umited to not be adequate, and we would be forced to have been made characterizing it as a legal liner vessels. Lat.er, the nature of our forelg:i rely on foreign-flag merchant vessels. fiction. And during these hearings I intend trade changed so that by 1970, the great These problems directly impact on U.S. to find out once and for all the truth a.bout preponderence of our exports and imports, sblpya.rds. the a.va.Ua.b11lty of these vessels. in tonnage, was in bulk commodities. The I repeat that without cargo, there can be The doctrine of effective control is based Merchant Marine Act of 1970 gave belated no profl.t. upon contracts and agreements between the recognition to this change in the composition Without profl.t, new vessels wm not be U.S. Government and the American owners of our foreign trade. The 1970 act was sup­ constructed. o! "flags of convenience" vessels. In view of posed to have provided us with dry bulk And without new construction, our ship­ the established principle of international vessels. building industrial base is seriously en­ law that allows only the country of registry But it has been an almost total failure dangered. to seize a vessel on the high seas, some argue in this regard. All of the ca.pa.city of the 13 large com­ the United States does not have sufficient Cargo ls the name of the game, and if mercial shipyards now engaged in the con- legal authority to gain control over EUSC cargo reservation measures are required for truction of ships for the Navy and for com­ vessels in an emergency. dry bulk commodities-so be it. But as the mercial opera.tors, with or without subsidy, With respect to the lnterna.tlona.l law as­ exact configuration of the problem ls not would be needed to meet minimum critical pects of the EUSC theory, the argument that known at this time, I intend to give the requirements for a. long-term war. If sub­ nations promoting "fl.a.gs of convenience" Maritime Admlnistration and the Depart­ sidized construction were eliminated from would never exercise their right to control ment of Defense only a. brief period of time the e yards, a.bout five or si; would be ellm­ vessels of their registry was finally laid to to come up with some numbers before in­ lna.ted from the business of ship construc­ rest on November 2, 1973, when President troducing any legislation. tion. The !allure of the building program William Tolbert of Liberia. issued an execu­ That lea.ves U.S.-flag liner vessels to be provided by the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 tive order prohibiting any vessels flying the dealt with. It is clear that the percentage has resulted in five of these shipyards re­ Liberian flag from participating in the car­ of our foreign commerce transported by U.S.­ quiring new contracts now. riage of arms to the Middle Ea.st, regardless flag liner vessels is substantially more than Traditionally, the United States has been of ownership. that moved in U.S.-fiag tankers and dry committed to the so-called "free trade" con­ Aside from the purely legal questions of bulk vessels. However, as I mentioned, U.S.­ cept, according to which vessels of a.11 na. tlons international law, there are other practical fla.g liner vessels are currently not adequate are eligible to compete for cargoes moving !actors that cast serious doubt on the ave.11- to meet the requirements of the. millta.ry in the foreign commerce of the United States. ability of EUSC vessels in a. crisis: during emergencies. Some of the cargo prob­ The physical size of many EUSC "flags lems adversely impacting on the orderly Tho most glaring defect in our national growth of the U.S.-fiag liner fleet are-­ maritime pollcy since the enactment of the of convenience" vessels is too large for all existing U.S. Atl:mtlc and Gulf ports; again-the predatory rate practices of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 has been the soviet Union, the growing trend of cargo failure of the United States to give recogni­ About 80 percent of the EUSC "flags of reservation measures throughout the world, tion to the growing practice of many other convenience" tanker fleet is employed in and the ina.billty of the Federal Maritime nations to guarantee their flag vessels some shipping vita.Uy needed petroleum to Western Commission to effectively regulate forelgn­ pa.rt of their international trade. These cargo Europe and Japan. Thus, in an emergency, fia.g liner vessels opera.ting in the foreign reservation measures by foreign nations gen­ it appears unlikely that the United States commerce of the United States. erally reflect the growing worldwide phi­ could exercise its option to withdraw very Subsidy alone cannot provide cargo for losophy that the ocean transportation of a many of these tankers from this service U.S.-flag line:r vessels if the controller of nation's cargo is a. privilege and not a right. without creating serious economic and po­ the cargo finds it desirable to institute ir­ Although these measures have rendered the Utlca.l consequences. Further, any with­ regular commercial practices fa.vorlng his "free trade" concept of international ship­ drawal of tankers from Europe could }lave own flag vessels. Therefore, our maritime pol­ ping increasingly less meaningful, the United an adverse impact on the petroleum supplies icy should acknowledge that the tradltione.1 States has generally adhered to this out­ which support military and clvillan needs of free enterprise approach to ca.rgo soliclta.­ moded pollcy to the detriment of the U.S.­ the European countries of the NATO Al­ tlon used by U.S. shipping lines ls ineffec­ flag merchant marine. llance; and, finally, tive when confronted by foreign dlscrlmina­ Therefore, even before I move the author­ Although the owners of EUSO "Fla.gs of tory practices, and encourage cargo sharing ization bllls for the Maritime Administration convenience" vessels have pledged that in an arrangements with our trading partners and the U.S. Coast Guard out of the way, emergency their vessels will revert to the when necessary to ensure U.S.-fie.g partici­ I intend to commence action on legislation U.S. flag, this concept has never been tested. pation In those trades. Serious considera.­ that would institute certain cargo reserva­ Whether these ships a.re "effectively U.S. tlon. therefore, should be given to a. maritime tion measures for U.S.-flag vessels to insure controlled" ls a. function of where they a.re policy which promotes so-called bilateral­ that we will have the merchant marine, the registered, the na.ttonallty of the crew, the lsm. And I e&n assure you that I will be look­ shipbuilding industrial base, and the sk111ed nature and type of emergency, and their ing into this element of the overe.11 prob• American personnel for both, required both location at the time of the emergency. lem. in times of peace and during periods of na­ In short, it has been charged the doctrine In these remarks, I have attempted to tional emergency. of "effective U.S. control" ls pure sham. I touch on three of the major areas where The first thing I intend to do ts hold promise you today that I wm determine the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Com­ hearings on legislation that would initially early on in my chairmanship if this ls the mittee will be concentrating its efforts dur­ require 20 percent of on imported into the case. ing the 95th Congress. United States to be carried in U.S.-flng tank­ While the hearings on the on blll are going Our collective efforts in these areas will ers; Increasing to so percent after 2 years. on, I intend to pry cut of the Maritime Ad­ not only strengthen the United states e.s a This ls essentially the so-called "Energy ministration and the Department of De­ world power, but also result in thousands of Transportation Security Act" that was fense some accurate figures on the amount badly needed jobs for American workers; pocket-vetoed by former President Ford in of dry bulk commodities moving in our for­ Jobs in shipyards which a.re generally lo­ what was basically a polltlcally motivated eign commerce. During the past few years, cated in areas of chronic unemployment; a.nd orchestrated move in late 1974. there has been a growing awareness that Jobs a.boa.rd ship; and, As the need and des1rab111ty for this type the United States has in many respects be­ Countless jobs in various supporting in­ of legislation has already been demonstrated, come a nation deficient in raw materials. dustries that rely on the construction and there ls no reason why we cannot proceed to Many of these commodities are essential operation of U.S.-fla.g ves.5els. The social and move it to President Carters desk at once. to fueling the U.S. economy, particularly in economic benefits t:ti.at wlll naturally re­ As we all know, many countries already have times of war or other types of national sult from the legislative measures that I ouch oil cn.rgo reservation measures. Swift emergency. In all, there a.re over 70 stra­ have mentioned are enormous. a.ctlon i. required. as the Arab oil-producing tegic raw materials th!lt must be Imported The United States ls a great nation be- April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10857 cause our citizens came from sterner stock­ American community. She was generous and CIVIL ENERGY FROM LASER FU­ people who had the powerful motivation to kind to many people, Democrats as mell as SION: A GROWING REALITY leave their lands of origin to settle in a members of her own party. She was a woman new continent. of high intelligence and noble purpose. She We are also great because we have vast lived her life on an elevated plane of thought HON. CARL D. PURSELL natural resources to work with. and action. She was a considerable and help­ But these resources would have been of ful colleague. She was a devoted friend. OF MICHIGAN little value without the second and third Some two years ago, she invited my wife IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES generation citizen workers to hammer out and me to lunch on the beautiful terrace Wednesday, April 6, 1977 the country we have today. of her handsome house in Palm Beach. We You men and women here realize the sig­ looked out over a huge well-kept lawn and Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, today I nificance of the action I plan to take during beyond -to the eternal sea. She was not well am inserting my sixth installment re­ the 95th Congress. but she had lost none of her verve-none garding laser fusion. You will note that With your help, there is no way this in­ of her interest in life-none of her faculties. dustry a.nd tbis Nation can lose. She stlll radiated goodness and high erected on April 4, Mr. RINALDO shared with US, thoughts. .After lunch, she escorted us to his and 18 of our colleagues' response the edge of her property and waved good-bye to President Carter's cut of $80 million as though she had a premonition that it in the fiscal 1978 budget for fusion power might be the last time. research. Today, I would like to share IN TRIBUTE TO FRANCES P. BOLTON I now wave good-bye to Frances Bolton, the letter that I and 10 other Members­ an outstanding public servant of her time, sent to Mr. GIAIMO; chairman of the a distinguished lady, a dear friend, a great Budget Committee, and Mr. LATTA, rank­ HON. RONALD A. SARASIN American. We shall not look upon her likes again. ing minority member of the Budget OF CONNECTICUT Committee, urging them to support an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES increase in fusion energy funding over Wednesday, April 6, 1977 the amount recommended by President DECOMMISSIONING QF NUCLEAR Carter. The text of my March 30 letter Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, Frances FACILITIES follows: P. Bolton, a former Member of this body Washington, D.C., March 30, 1977. and a truly great American, passed away Hon. RoBERT J. GIAIMO, recently, to the great sadness of her HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Chairman, House Budget Committee, Wash- many friends and admirers. Daughter OF CALIFORNIA ington, D .c. Hon. DELBERT L. LATTA, of a distinguished American family, first IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES woman to represent Ohio in the Con­ Ranking Minority Member, gress, a pioneer in legislation advancing W,ednesday, April 6, 1977 House Budget Committee, Washington, D.C. the causes of women and children, of Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. DEAR COLLEAGUES: The Budget Committee health, educational and social legisla­ Speaker, I have introduced a bill today will play a major role in determining the tion, and an expert in foreign affairs, which requires a study by ERDA on the future of fusion energy development. we Mrs. Bolton left a legacy few could equal. environmental, health, safety, and eco­ urge that you support an increase in fusion A champion of world peace, member of nomic consequences of the decommis­ energy funding over the amount the Presi­ the U.S. delegation to the United Nations sioning, disposal, and decontamination dent has recommended. and a leader of her party, this estimable of all elements involved in the utiliza­ President Carter has proposed a cut of ap­ lady was in the forefront of almost every tion of nuclear energy. An understand­ proximately 25 % in the d:usion funding rec­ ommended by' President Ford. Ironically, the important cause for well over two dec­ ing of the problems and costs of decom­ prospects for fusion energy have never been ades. I regret that I did not have the per­ missioning and disposal of nuclear facil­ more promising. Both laser and magnetic fu­ sonal privilege to know Mrs. Bolton, but ities and waste products is of the utmost sion have made important steps forward in I would like to offer for inclusion in the importance. Already we are provided recent months. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a tribute by an­ with examples of the difficulties which Perhaps the President is so intent upon other distinguished American who served arise from not properly taking into ac­ short term solutions that he has failed to with her in this Chamber. count the final disposition of these facil­ recognize that without development of The Honorable John Davis Lodge, who ities. The Nuclear Fuel Services reproc­ longer- term alternatives, tomorrow's crisis will be even greater. represented a portion of Connecticut in essing plant in West Valley, N.Y., is a What is needed today is a strong Federal this Chamber during Mrs. Bolton's in­ prime example, where radioactive waste commitment to develop fusion power. Fusion cumbency and who went on to serve as have been left to the State of New York has the potential for providing abundant, Governor of Connecticut and as a U.S. and the bill for disposal and decommis­ environmentally clean energy-both electric Ambassador, formed a lasting friendship sioning has been estimated at $500 mil­ power generation and synthetic fuels--from with this great lady. lion. Also, I am sure all of you are aware an inexhaustible source, seawater. He penned this heartfelt tribute which of problems with radioactive wastes at We hope you will give your strongest sup­ I offer for your consideration: several sites involved in the military port to an increase in fusion funding over what the President has proposed. The na­ HON. FRANCES PAYNE BINGHA!'4 BOLTON weapons program. My bill would require tion can 111 afford to slow down the devel­ (A Tribute By A Former Colleague, Hon. a study by ERDA of these issues for all opment of these highly promising technolo­ Davis Lodge) facilities, both civilian and military, in­ gies by denying adequate research support. The disappearance from our earthly scene cluding reactors, mill tailings, radioactive Sincerely, of Frances Bolton shortly before her 92nd wastes, reprocessing plants, et cetera. Carl D. Pursell, Thomas N. Kindness, birthday truly leaves "a lonely place against Also, ERDA would be required to study Matthew J. Rinaldo, David F. Emery, the sky". Exemplary wife, mother, and grand­ other organizational, financial, and insti­ Paul N. McCloskey, Robert E. Badham, mother, she devoted some thirty years of tutional means for handling these prob­ Edward J. Derwinski, Claude Pepper, her life to notable public service. Frank Thompson, Jr., Dan Daniel, Bob A woman of great wealth, she could have lems, including the possibility of an in­ Traxler, Edward W. Pattison. a.voided the bloody arena of American poli­ dependent waste handling corporation tics with its harsh ordeals and its gruelling financed by current fees or preposted Also, I would like to share with you, struggles 'and spent her time enjoying her bonding procedures. The degree to which Mr. James R. Schlesinger's, Assistant to family, her fortune, and her friends. ERDA is helping to meet State enacted the President on Energy Matters, letter Instead, she served in the Congress for requirements on decommissioning, dis­ of March 3, asking our citizens to share many years, and with great distinction. She posal, and decontamination must also be their ideas regarding the U.S. efforts to performed constructive and lasting service included in the report. The purpose of attain energy independence. Following as a member of the Foreign Affairs Com­ mittee. She was ahead of her time in her my bill is to insure that all environ­ Mr. Schlesinger's letter is one response-­ understanding of the importaru:e of Africa mental and economic costs of decommis­ from Dr. Henry J. Gomberg, president and the significant implications of the pro­ sioning, disposal, and decontamination of Kl\1:S, Fusion, Inc., in which he com­ found changes occurring there. She had an are included in the societal decisions re­ ments on the importance of laser fusion abiding sense of responsibility for the great garding the utilizaton of nuclear energy. in our quest for energy independence: 10858 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6. 1977 THE WHITE HOUSE, Civil energy ls also an important goal vital The city council 1s expected to discuss Washington, D.C., March 3, 1977. to national security. Laser fusion should have tonight the suggestion o:C Councilman Bob DEAR FELLOW CITIZEN: President Carter the opportunity to contribute to this goal a.s Bishop to rename the center as the "Eddie plans to ubmit to the Congress a proposed promptly and :Cully as possible. Aggressive Edgar Sports Arena." comprehensive National Energy Plan that pursuit of civillan energy goals with appro­ The council wm formally take action on wm seek to assure that the United States priate :funding and effective cooperation the proposal the following week. will become energy sufficient in the years among government, university and industry Edgar, who will be 79 years old Friday, ahead and a.void the problems so recently laboratories can lead to the introduction of Nov. 19, has been a newspaperman :Cor 56 witnessed this year. laser fusion energy into our supply system years, the last 10 as an Observer reporter, Many of the country's outstanding experts ln the mid 1980's. editor and columnist and winner o:C numer­ are working daily to olve the energy prob­ A constructive immediate move would be ous awards for his popular "The Stroller" lems tha.t now confront the Nation, but often establishment of administrative control and column. some of the best solutions ha.ve come from support :Cor the civil aspect of laser fusion He also worked :for the Detroit Free Press the people them lves. For this reason, as energy within a. cognizant organization con­ sports department :Cor more than 20 years well as to ensure that the American people cerned with civil development of nuclear and was the newspaper's sport editor in the have a more direct line into their govern­ energy and its applications. 1930s and '40s. ment. your comments on the energy situa­ We have proposed in the past and a.re Ed~ar has been active in the Plymouth tion a.re welccmed and needed. prepared to present again a program for community :Cor many yea.rs serving ln the Inside ia a reprint o:f a Public Notice that reduction o:C laser :Cuslon energy to civilian Plymouth Rotary Club and providing the a.ppeo.red in the March 2, 1977, edition o:f The practice in the shortest time and, we believe, leadership :Cor a "sister ctty" exchange with Federal Register requesting recommenda­ most effective manner. Plymouth, England, which marked the tions. Since you ma.y not ha.ve seen the No­ Sincerely, Michigan Plymouth's lOOth anniversary as tice, ploo.se take the time now to read and HENRY J. GOMBERG. a city. se,nd us your though ts on it. It ls your op­ Bishop said he first thought o:f the honor portunity to comment on one o:f the most last summer when talking with Edgar a.bout critical problems this Nation :fa.ces and to the early days of Livonia's city government, relay your recommendations to your govern­ EDBIE EDGAR which was organized in 1950 after charter ment. approval. The President needs your response be:fore The two also discussed Edgar's background March 21 in order :for it to receive due con­ in sports, which goes back to the 1920s when sideration. Due to the short time involved, a HON. CARL D. PURSELL he was a Free Press sports writer and later number o:C ma.lllng lists had to be used so OF MICHIGAN sports editor. "Here's a Livonian who 1s active and con­ you may receive more tha.n one copy o:C this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Notice. We apologize :Cor any inconvenience tributing and participating in the commu­ this may cause you. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 nity,'' Bishop said. Bishop admitted that he hadn't ln:Cormed We look :Corwa.rd to receiving your Mr. comments. Mr. PURSELL. Speaker, this past Edgar o:C his suggestion to rename the Fm·d Sincerely, weekend the city of Livonia, Mich., hon­ athletic center in his honor. JAMES R. SCHLESINGER, ored one of the truly fine gentlemen of "But I'd tell Eddie to his face that 'we love Assistant to the Prestdent. my home area, and a man who has had you and want to express our sincere apprecia­ a great influence in my life: W. W. tion for what you've done.' "What better way to honor him than to be KMS FuSION, INC., "Eddie" Edgar. On April 2, 1977, Eddie was appropriately honored and given a surrounded by the cheers o:C youngsters," the Ann Arbor, Mich., March 21, 1977. councilman said. Hon. JAMES R. SCHLESINGER, lasting tribute through the official nam­ Edgar, a Livonia resident for 38 years, has Assistant to the President, ing of the former Ford athletic center had thr,ee careers, two involving sports dur­ Washington, D.C. and ice arena as the "Eddie Edgar Sports ing his 79 years. DEAR DR. SCHLESINGER: You have asked Arena." He started out as a sports writer and dur­ tor my comments a.nd recommendations as This is a very fitting accolade for one ing his career with the Free Press, conducted to goals and actions :Cor inclusion in a com­ of the founders of Livonia, a city which Detroit's first Golden Gloves boxing tourna­ prehensive national energy program. Your has been one of the most dynamically ment. During that same period, he was invitation is a welcome opportunity. It in­ growing areas of our country since Eddie one o:C the first to discover Joe Louis who dicates to me that the Federal Government went on to become heavyweight champion of is now prepared to reexamine existing pro­ helped bring it to life a quarter century the world, a title he held for 11 years. grams and goals in light o:C the worsening ago; and to a man universally respected He became interested in bowling in 1938 energy supply picture. and loved in the sports world and in his and initiated numerous major tournaments My comments a.nd recommendations re­ commnnity. which were ultimately copied throughout the late to the national program :for research and I would like my coileagues to know country. He also started a junior bowling development o:C Laser :Cuslon. Laser fusion of my personal esteem for Eddie Edgar. program in the Detroit area and organized a has the potential :Cor making a major con­ And I would like to take this ooportunity youth association which now has 36,000 tribution to our energy supply system by to congratulate Edd1e on this latest members. 1990. The unique characteristics o:f the laser Edgar started after-school bowling leagues :Cuslon process make lt possible through nu­ honor, and congratulat""? the Livonia city :Cor youngsters and with his leadership. cleo-chemical cycles to produce hydrogen officials responsible for this fine tribute. Livonia has the largest school league in the :Crom water, establishing a base :Cor the syn­ The following are arricles !>y Leonard country. . thetic :Cuels industry. Experimentation at Poger in the Observm and Eccentric He le:Ct the Free Press and headed the KMB Fusion, Inc. under sponsorship o:f the newspapers-where Eddie is continuing state's bowling proprietors' association and Texas Gas Transmission Corporation indi­ his outstanding journalistic career--0f used the sport to benefit numerous activities. cat that laser :Cus1on can be the first nu­ November 15, 1976, and Sam Hudson in Edgar, in 1964, was named national bowling clear process to make a direct contribution 1975 chairman :Cor the March o:f Dimes campaign to our gaseous and liquid :Cuel requirements. the April edition of the Detroiter and set up a countrywide tournament wh·ch The basic laser fusion research program magazine. outlining some of the many raised an estimated $2 milllon in eight years. has made significant progress over the last accomplishments and highlights in the Edgar also organized the Detroit Bowling :Cew years. Its direction and control, how­ exemplary life of Wilson William Hall o:C Fame, the first o:C its kind in the ever. have been in the ERDA nuclear weap­ "Eddie" Edgar: country. ons complex. Program goals reflect the pri­ [From the Observer and Eccentric News­ He was eventually inducted into the hall of orities and requirements o:C the weapons papers, Nov. 15, 1976] fame in 1962 and given a testimonial dinner program, with emphasis upon the immediate attended by bowling officials :Crom all over the EDou:'s 79TH BIRTHDAY MARKED BY NEW and near term benefits ln weapons testing HONORS nation. and development. Clvlllan applications have He was also inducted into the University secondary priority. (By Leonard Poger) o:C Michigan Media Hall o:C Fa.me in 1971 for I do not question the merit o:C the na­ w. W. "Eddie" Edgar received an unusual his support of that school's athletic program. tional laser :Cuslon program as it applies to and unexpected birthday gl:Ct this week. His career in sports was also recognized nuclear weapons development. It ls an im­ The Livonia pioneer who helped build St. when he was inducted into the Michigan portant pa.rt o:C our national security effort, Mary Hospital and incorporate the city will Amateur Hall o:C Fame in 1974 in honor o:C and the program structure currently being have the Ford athletic center and lee rink his 50 years o:C service to amateur sports ln administered by the Assistant Administrator at Ford Field named after him to honor his the state. !or National Security appears ideally suited long-time contributions to the city and When leader o! a drive to incorporate tor this objective. sports in Michigan. Livonia Township as a city, Edga.r was at the April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10859 front to urge voters to approve a city charter is the first newsman ever to win three prizes Both won a horse. On the first roll of the and organize the community's first govern­ in the same year. tie-breaking horse, Bullion threw five fives ment. He served on the charter commission When his father died, Edgar, age 13, left and was jubilant. Edgar began to sweat. If he and was on the first city council. school in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania to be­ lost on this one roll he didn't have enough Edgar was an organizer of the commu­ come a machinist's apprentice. The news­ money to buy a round. Finally, he shook the nity's chamber of commerce in 1948 and paper business called him, however, and he dice box, turned it upside down, and asked helped the chamber lobby for an independ­ soon got a job on an Allentown newspaper. Bullion to pick up the box, exposing the dice. ent post office. He was assigned to write sports but as a cub Bullion did, uncovering six sixes! Recognizing the need for a hospital in the reporter he made the front page in 1919 with The editor, widely known for his sudden city, he contacted the Felician Sisters, con­ an impromptu interview with Wiilliam Jen­ bursts of temper, immediately threw the box vinced them of the need, and served as chair­ nings Bryan. Edgar met Bryan on a railroad directly at Edgar, cutting his lip. It required man of their hospital advisory committee and station platfrom. The silver-tongued Senator stitches. Bullion burst into tears and was all helped in fund-raising campaigns. said he never gave interviews because he was apologies for his impulsive action. Not content with the hospital, Edgar also too often misquoted. Edgar persisted and After a first day like that, Edgar wasn't talked the sisters into doing something more Bryan, taking pity on the neophyte wrote a sure he had made the right decision when he for Livonia-like creating Madonna College three-page statement for him. left Allentown for the big city. But he stayed and later Ladywood High School. Edgar got his second break a few weeks with the Free Press over a quarter of a cen­ Edgar has had the title of "Mr. Livonia" later. Sent to interview Boise Penrose, the tury, meeting and interviewing most of the for many years and the city council will give Mr. G.0.P. of his time, Edgar was in Penrose's great sports figures of the '20s and the '30s. him an additional honor for his work in the hotel room when the political boss placed the He has almost total recall of his experiences community through the renaming of the phone call that eventually made Warren with Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Ford athletic center. Harding President. Ty Cobb, Mickey Cochrane, Gus Dorais, Jack Edgar came to Detroit through a chance Dempsey, Gene Tunney, Joe Louis, Gar Wood, meeting with Edgar Guest, who was then [From the Detroiter, April 1975) Wilbur Shaw and many others. writing poetry for the Free Press. Impressed His first brush with a champion occurred EDDIE KEEPS GOING with Edgar's sports writing, Guest spoke of at the age of ten. The meeting came about him to Harry Bulllon, Free Press sports (By Sam Hudson) because of Edgar's skill with a pool cue. His edtl tor. Bullion wired Edgar. A flair for putting thoughts on paper got "How soon can you report for duty and father had installed a pool table in his small Wilson William Edgar into the University of how much money do you want to start?" restaurant and Edgar became a whiz at the Michigan Media Hall of Fame. An article he Edgar settled for what seemed to him to be game. When Ralph Greenleaf, age 15, visited wrote with several other newsmen would a big salary-$2,500 a year-and got the job Catasauqua, someone matched the local boy have earned him a share of the Pulitzer Prize on two weeks' trial. Years later, when Edgar against the future billiard champion. Edgar if he hadn't opened his mouth at the wrong was leaving the Free Press, John S. Knight almost beat him. time. A Free Press magazine article about asked him why he was quitting. Edgar Twenty-four years later, in Detroit, Edgar him entitled "Livonia's Legendary Newsman" quipped, "I've been waiting 28 years for met Greenleaf in the Recreation Building. got him in to the Congressional Record, via someone to tell me my two weeks are up." Greenleaf asked Edgar to practice with him Congresswoman Martha Griffiths, who called Edgar's first day on the job in D_etroit was for his upcoming defense of the bllliard title. him "one of the best writers in the business." a dilly. Assigned by Bullion to write a rou­ He also asked him to help perform a stunt Yet, Eddie Edgar got barely past the eighth tine sports story, he turned his copy in. The Fox Movietone News had cooked up. Green­ grade, and insists that he has never read a editor drew a blue pencil through it and leaf had agreed to play billiard's in a Ford book in his life. handed it back to him without comment. He Tri-motor plane, the old "tin goose," while There are other surprises in the long career rewrote the story twice more, each time hav­ it circled over the city of Detroit. of Eddie Edgar, one of the best known news­ ing it blue-penciled and returned to him "I can't get anyone to go up in the plane men i:q the state of Michigan. without any explanation. In Allentown, the and play billiards with me. Will you do it?" At age 77, for example, he earns his living editor had explained what was wrong when Edgar agreed. The plane was equipped with in a field where youth predominates. Prob­ he rejected a story. Bullion was like a sphinx. a ~iature pool table and kleig lights. The ably the oldest working newsman in the Finally, Edgar said, "I don't know any aim was to demonstrate the plane's stability. state, holder of card No. 1 in the Michigan other way to write the story, Mr. Bullion. "We boarded the plane at Ford Field, where chapter of the Baseball Writer's Association, What's wrong with it?" the Dearborn Inn is now," said Edgar. "For Edgar is on the job every day as a columnist, "We don't allow colloquialisms at the Free an hour and a half we circled over Detroit, newswriter and occasional fill-in editor. He Press," Bullion responded. playing pool. Ralph was scheduled to defend works for a chain of suburban newspapers, "Unfortunately," recalls Edgar, "I didn't his championship the same night. He should the Observer-Eccentric Group, in Livonia. know what a colloquialism was. I saw one of have been in his hotel room, relaxing not Edgar is now on what he calls his "third the older wr4ters by the water jug. He seemed performing up in the sky for the movies. But ca.reer." He began this one in 1966, at 69, an to have a sympathetic face so I told him my that night he beat Frank Taberski in the age when most men are content to hang up problem." title match, setting a new world's record of their track shoes. His first career, as a feature "Go back and take out all of the slang 126 points." writer and sports editor for the Detroit Free words, kid. He'll take it then." Edgar no longer takes on all comers in Press, spanned the golden age of sports, from Edgar had no trouble getting the story pool. the 1920s to the late '40s. His second began past Bullion the next time. "I stopped playing when I got my first pair in 1948 when he became executive secretary When it was time to eat, some of the men of bi-focals." • of the Bowling Proprietors of Greater Detro! t. in the department asked Edgar if he would In the early '30s, Edgar watched tight­ He was the area's Judge Landis of bowling like to join them at a Chinese restaurant. fisted Ty Cobb play "a big overgrown kid" until he "retired" in 1966. Edgar had never eaten Chinese food. On named Babe Ruth in a golf exhibition at Edgar was also one of the first sports an­ someone's advice he ordered chow mein. Grosse Isle. Both were good golfers. After a nouncers in Detroit. In 1924, he was drafted When it was placed before him, he says he 14-hole tie the match was called because the by the station manager of Free Press radio couldn't stand to look at it, much less eat crowd was getting too large to handle. station WCX (now WJR) to read the sports the concoction. He was spared the ordeal "When it came time for them to pay their news. For the past 20 years, he has been when one of the newsmen got into an argu­ caddies," Edgar recalls, "I saw Ruth peel off heard every Friday night on Bob Reynold's ment with the proprietor, who ejected the a $20 bill and give it to his boy. Then I heard evening broadcast on WJR. Edgar gives bowl­ en tire crew. Cobb say to his caddie: ing news. When the shift was over, the newsmen sug­ 'What is the caddie fee for 18 holes?' "I believe Bob Reynolds and I make up the gested that Edgar go with them to a blind '$1.50,' the kid answered. oldest radio team, in point of service, in the pig on Grand River. That, they told him, was 'Well, we only played 14 holes,' said Cobb. state," says Edgar. He began 'the association where he would meet many of the sports fig­ 'Here's $1.25.' " when Reynolds asked him to tape a March of ures he would be dealing with in the future. Edgar says Cobb was the greatest baseball Dimes bowling tournament in 1955. Edgar never drank, but he accepted the invi­ player he ever saw, and the closest man with At 77, Edgar is still collecting writing tation. a dollar he ever met. awards. A few years ago, the Observer Group Once at the watering hole, someone sug­ In 1932, Edgar set up the Golden Gloves won seven prizes in the Michigan Press As­ gested a game of Indian dice for drinks. Ed­ program in this area for the Free Press. In sociation's competdtion for weekly news­ gar didn't know how to refuse but he was that year a big black youth walked into his papers. Three of them were garnered by Ed­ worried about the expense. The few dollars office to ask for an application to enter the gar. His column, "The Stroller," won first in his pocket were not sufficient to buy a events. That was Eddie Edgar's introduction place in the weekly newspaper column class. round of drinks if he lost. to Joe Louis, whom he virtually managed as One of his feature stories also took a first. For several games he was lucky. He was 'an amateur, before John Roxborough became And he received second place for a combina­ eliminated early in the game. Finally, how­ Louis' professional manager. Edgar was at tion picture and feature story about the ever, a game resolved into a contest between ringside at Chicago in 1937 when Louis won theater fire in Plymouth. In the 100-year his­ Edgar and his boss, Harry Bullion. Everyone the heavyweight championship. tory of the Michigan Press Association, Edgar else had been eliminated. Among Edgar's possessions ls a book pub- 10860 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6. 1977 lished in 1936 entitled Joe Louis, Man and high chairs, took them to the gates of eludes investment in existing minority firms, Superfighter. Written by Edward Van Every, the city's Chapultepec Park and hawked investment or technical help to enable mi­ it is dedicated to "John Roxborough and them on a street corner. Several years nority men and women to acquire corporate­ Julian Black, and W. W. Edgar and Michael spin-offs or other existing business, buying S. Jacobs who had a part in the making of ago he and his wife, Nellie, became per­ from minority vendors, and loaning manage­ Joe Louis and of his book." · manent r,esidents of the United States ment technical personnel to assist minority Edgar hasn't missed an opening day Tiger and now reside in Beverly Hills, Calif. firms." game in the :past 50 years. Recently he presided at the opening Mr. Corrin stated that the "ma.jority" bus­ "A few years ago I was sitting at Tiger of the finest toy store in Mexico City. iness community already has a good record Stadium with the wife," Edgar recalls, "and He has run his borrowed $4 into Mexico's in assisting minority business development, I said to her, 'I can close my eyes and see largest toy operation. but said he believed "tax incentives would as plain as day Mickey Cochrane sliding into Kerop Arakelian has dedicated his life result in much much more help." home plate on Goose Goslin's blooper over On urging the Congress to favorably con­ second to win the 1935 World Series.' Then, to the betterment of the Armenian­ sider increasing available funds through the when I opened my eyes, it dawned on me American youth by esfablishing educa­ Department of Commerce, Small Business that not a soul on either team playing to­ tional and sports programs throughout Association and other agencies to spur the day-except Al Kaline-was born then." the United States. He is presently serv­ growth in size and number of minority­ During his tenure with the Bowling ing as the president of the Western owned firms, Mr. Corrin pointed out the Proprietors of Greater Detroit, Edgar "helped United States Executive Committee of present appropriation for minority business to bring bowling out of the saloons and on the Armenian General Athletic Union, assistance is only 48 million. to the main corner.'' He also helped to estab­ Homenetmen, an international youth­ He compared this with $5 billion "which I lish the Bowling Hall of Fame. Among the understand to be CETA's (Comprehensive hall's plaque is one, dated 1962, which reads: sports organization. He is an outstanding Employment and Training Act) funding for "Wilson W. Edgar, writer, promoter and supporter, both with energy and money, 1977." executive.: Originated the Detroit Hall of of the Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Corrin stated that the work of minor­ Fame. Brought national acclaim to Detroit Kerop Arakelian has earned the re­ ity development, "to be done at a level that with plan for employment of minors during spect of the entire Armenian-American meets the need, deserves more governmental the dark days of the war, promoted many community. I am sure that the evening funding for capital, guarantees, bonding, events that became part of the national bowl­ and other assistance programs. ing picture, built up nationally recognized honoring hin1 as ''Man of the Year'' will "The Office of Minority Business Enter­ junior programs, is Michigan's first bowling be a great source of pride to him and his prise, within the Department of Commerce, coordinator. Also secretary of the Proprietor's family. should be funded at a level of $500 million Association and was on Mayor's committee to $1 billion a year," he said. "SBA levels and to design Cobo Hall.'' amounts for direct loans, loan guarantees, On November 20, 1974, one day after he STIMULATING MINORITY BUSI­ and bonding help should be increased several celebrated his 77th birthday, Edgar was NESSES IN THE AMERICAN fold." honored by being inducted into his third Finally, Mr. Corrin urged that when the Hall of Fame. This time it· was the Michigan ECONPMY Committee considers job legislation and ap­ Amateur Hall of fame. Edgar was especially_ propriations, that special provisions be made pleased on this occasion when a couple of under CETA or other auspices to subsidize bus loads of his neighbors showed up at the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL hire-and-train programs specifically in mi­ banquet to demonstrate their support and OF NE'W YORK nority-owned business firms. affection for him. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Not only would the trainee success rate Edgar's boss, Phil Power, co-publi$her of probably be higher than in such programs the Observer-Eccentric newspapers says of Wednesday, April 6, 1977 overall," he stated. "In addition, the subsidy Edgar: "He's got countless contacts; he's a Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, minority itself, and added manpower, are badly need­ magnificent writer. But more than that, he groups in the United States currently ed in minority-owned firms, which are small has as fine a sense for a story as anyone I constitute 17 percent of the population. in American corporate terms." ever knew." Mr. Corrin stated that since ICBO's main Edgair lost a share of the Pulitzer Prize in Over the years they have contributed task is to improve the economic status of 1931. Drafted from the sports room by man­ richly to the social, cultural, and polit­ minorities his organization favors modifica­ aging editor Malcolm Bingay, he was part of ical life of our society. tion of the personal income tax structure" a team of reporters which covered the Ameri­ But there also exists a gap in the role such as to help restore consumer and busi­ can Legion Convention in Detroit that year. minorities have played in business: only ness confidence and spending, especially Edgar wrote two columns of the composite 4 percent ,of the Nation's business firms among those in low and middle income story. When he heard that the article was to are minority controlled, and these ac­ groups." bear a community by-line of six names. Ed­ 1 He said also that ICBO favors modification· gar opposed the idea. "Take my name off it," count for only percent of the gross of the corporate tax rate, "or other incen­ he told the editor "We'll be the laughing business receipts nationally. Recently, in tives to stimulate business investment, re­ stock of the business to have so many names testimony before the House Ways and store economic momentum, and reduce cycli­ on a story." Means Committee, of which I am a cal unemployment." The article won the Pulitzer. Edgar got no member, Malcolm L. Corrin, president ICBO gives financing, management, and . part of the glory or the prize money. "I had and chief executive officer of the Inter­ marketing help to start and expand minority no one to blame but myself," he says, with racial Council for Business Opportu­ services. It has aided over 14,000 such busi­ no apparent regret. nity-ICBO-called for the Govern­ nesses and has developed over $100 million ment's participation in stimulation and in financing for its clients. It has a national economic growth of minority business. office in New York City and locals in New York City; Newark, N.J.; St. Louis, Mo.; Los KEROP ARAKELIAN-"MAN OF THE The ICBO was started in 1963 as a Angeles, Calif.; New Orleans, La.; Atlanta, YEAR'' full-service business development agen­ Ga.; and Dallas, Texas. An outreach office is cy, giving :financing, management, and located in Waco, Texas and. an affiliate, the .marketing assistance to minority firms Chicago Economic Development Corporation, HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON for expansion and growth. Mr. Corrin's in Chicago, Ill. OF CALIFORNIA testimony outlined several steps de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES signed to relieve the structural unem­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 ployment now affecting minority busi­ nesses. I would like to share with my COMPETITION REVIEW ACT OF 1977 Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, the colleagues pert1nent quotes from Mr. Armenian American Citizens' League at Corrin's testimony that I feel my col­ their State convention on April 16, will leagues will find of exceptional interest. honor Kerop Arakelian as "Man of the They follow: HON. MORRIS K. UDALL OF ARIZONA Year." ICBO HEAD CALLS FOR MORE FED LEGISLATION Kerop Arakelian's life story is one TO .AID MINORITY BUSINESS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which would inspire most Americans: "I would urge the enactment of tax incen­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Twenty-five years ago a young, virtually tives or other meas,ure.s designed to enco11.rage penniless Armenian immigrant in Mex­ the majority business sector to be yet more Mr. . UDALL. Mr. Speaker, I am sure ico City borrowed the equivalent of $4 active in stimulating minority business my colleagues are familiar with my dis­ in pesos to pay a month's rent on a growth," Mr. Corrin testified. • tress at the trend toward economic con­ garage. There, working alone, he built "Such activity by the private sector in- centration in this country. Industry af- April 6, 1977 EXTE].'fSIONS OF REMARKS 10861 ter industry, mar.ket after market is dom­ f ession, publishing has its share of vestors, who then buy up the stock and pro­ inated by a narrowing circle of powerful mediocrities and even a few scoundrels vide even more money to buy even more papers. As the largest single organized block firms. The free enterprise system that to balance out the best ones. But they all of stockholders in Booth, the unhappy thirty­ businessmen and politicians extol has share a commitment to the future of seven accused their management of viola,ting largely disappeared from vast sectors of their communities that is lacking in the these rules of the game. our economy. accountants and tax lawyers in a corpo­ And, indeed, the Booth managers had Today I am reintroducing a measure rate headquarters 1,000 miles away. sinned. They had saved $50 mllllon in the I proposed in the last Congress-H.R. - Congress has recognized the impor­ bank and they had a.massed $130 million in the Competition Review Act. It is a tance of independent journalistic voices assets on which they had tailed to borrow a. rather modest proposal, in comparison in the past. In the late 1960's I fought dime. In the modern corporate game this for the Newspaper Preservation Act, is like leaving an unshackled ten-speed with some, but it recognizes that there bicycle in the doorway of a. reform school. may be unique circumstances in differ­ which legalized joint printing ventures The unhappy thirty-seven warned that they ent areas of business enterprise, calling for separately owned, competing local could liquidate the newspapers, piece by for unique policies and programs to papers. There were two such papers in piece, and make a profit of $23 million, or achieve a maximum of competition. my hometown of Tucson, owned by an aver.age of $621,000 each. Under this proposal, a special Com­ fiercely independent publishers who Confronted with this threat, management petition Review Commission would un­ were not afraid to argue with city made one move toward modernity. It entered dertake a 3-year study of those bell­ hall, the business establishment-or the funny-money business. In 1973 it agreed to give John Hay Whitney's Whitcom In­ wether industrie~ that set the pace for each other. Less than a decade later, vestment Company 18 percent of Booth stock our economy and our society. The Com­ one of those papers has been sold to the and three seats on the Booth board in a mission would investigate the present Pulitzer interests from St. Louis, and swap for Whitney's Parade magazine, supple­ state of competition in those industries, the other was just recently bought up ment for 113 Sunday newspapers. and the impact of Federal policies. In by the Gannett chain out of Rochester, There are varying theories on why Jock line with our basic commitment to free N.Y. As Mr. Bagdikian's article makes Whitney sold Parade, just as there still are and competitive enterprise, the Commis­ clear, this is not an isolated case. Indeed on why he bought and disposed of the old sion would report back to us with rec­ it simply reflects the national trend. New York Herald Tribune. Whatever the motives, bad blood developed between the ommendations for changes in Federal I urge my colleagues to read this ar­ old directors and the new directors. law and policy wherever we could help ticle, and to give thought to this road The scene now shifts to Samuel I. New­ bring the discipline of competition to · we are traveling toward chain store food, house, the country's most aggressive buyer bear. The remedies might be relatively chain s_tore gas, chain store pharmacies, of newspapers and a. man extraordinarily mild: A change in Federal contracting and now chain store newspapers. sensitive to newspapers' family squabbles. He or procurement policies to favor inde­ Excerpts from the article follow: is the leading volunteer family counselor to pendent entrepreneurs; revision of the NEWSPAPER MERGERS-THE FINAL PHASE troubled journalistic households. He has tax code to remove biases toward merger consistent advice for estranged family mem­ (By Ben H. Bagdlkian) bers: sell. He always has generous a.mounts and conglomeration. In other industries, In 1887 a twenty-three-year-old Canadian of money for relieving siblings of burden­ more stringent action may be called for, factory owner named George Gough Booth some stock. such as removing antitrust exemption, married the daughter of a Detroit newspaper Whitcom shareholders went secretly to stiffening antitrust enforcement policies, publisher, a union whose descendants in Counselor Newhouse, sobbing that Big Daddy temporarily subsidizing new entrants, or 1976 played leading parts in the last act of Booth was a stick-in-the-mud who wouldn't even legislating the breakup of monopo­ the decline and fall of the independent dally let Whitcom come out .and play adult games listic combines. And of course, there newspaper in the United States. like all the other kids. Newhouse gave them He and his brother, Ralph, were lively en­ comfort, advice, and $31 million for their will be fields where no Federal action is trepreneurs and they bought eight other shares. His urge to console unabated, he required. · dailies in Michigan. bought up another block of Booth stock from This bill goes beyond my previous ver­ By i976 the heirs of George and Ralph a foundation and in February 1976 emerged sion in one particular. I · have added Booth were doing very well. The eight papers, with holdings of 25.5 percent. He issued a "newspaper publishing and communica­ owned by Booth Newspapers, Inc., were mo­ statement, possibly from a fl.le kept ready tions" to the list of industries to be ex­ nopolies in sizable cities outside Detroit, for such occasions, decl.aring that he had amined. I do this knowing that it may covering almost 40 percent of the entire no intention of taking over Booth News­ provoke cries of intimidation from Michigan newspaper audience. Through in­ papers, Inc. terlocking shares and directors, pretty much Booth management, in a state of ala.rm, journalistic circles, and I want to em­ the same people controlled The Evening made a defensive move. They paid U .s. phasize that the Commission would in News Association, owner of, among other Senator Howard Metzenba.um and a partner no way be empowered to tread on first things, The Detroit News, which covers 22 $5 million for ComCorp, Inc., an outfit that amendment rights. percent of the Michigan audience. Both cor­ owns ten weekly newspapers in the Cleve­ My concern is with the institutional porations make lots of money. land area. They knew that among Samuel I. importance of the locally owned news­ But two things were fated to end the Newhouse's properties (twenty-two news­ paper in our American communities­ family dynasity. First, fecundity; second, the papers, five magazines, six TV stations, four and the rapid disappearance of such lo­ Booth Newspapers' old-fashioned ways of radio stations, and twenty cable systems) doing business: the concern ran a tight was The Plain Dealer, Cleveland's morning cal ownership in the past few years. In operation, made profits, and saved some of newspaper and now a. competitor with a recent issue of the Columbia Journal­ it money for a rainy day. Booth's newly acquired week.lies. The Booth ism Review, the highly respected editor An excess of heirs has always created prob­ management expected that the new Booth and critic Ben Bagdikian commented on lems for family own~ newspapers and it did properties in Cleveland would create an these changes at some length. He docu­ for Booth. By 1976, there were 125 descend­ antitrust barrier against Newhouse cohtrol mented the astonishing speed with ants and in-laws of George and Ralph taking of Booth. which chain operators are sn2pping up money out of the corporation. The Antitrust Division of the U.S. Depart­ independent newspapers, and now are Thir>ty-seven of the descendants held ment of Justice occasionally comes out of in turn being swallowed by larger chains. 1,320,000 shares of Booth Newspapers, Inc., its slumber to murmur in protest when di­ or 18 percent of the company. Their divi­ rect, profitable competitors enter into a I find this trend alarming, not because dends came to about $1 million a year, or an notoriously public relationship. But in this these chains necessarily wield over­ average of $27,000 each. But the thirty-seven instance the Department of Justice con­ whelming national economic leverage, or were unhappy. Modern newspaper companies, tinued its beauty sleep and Newhouse con­ because I smell some sinister plot by a they had heard, are not supposed merely to tinued to tighten his embrace. handful of editors to manipulate our pay handsome dividends. They are supposed With the help of profits from his other channels of communication. The real to be financially "aggressive," which means newspapers and a loan of $130 milUon from danger is the removal of an important squeezing profits from existing papers in the Chemical Bank of New York, he had element in the chemistry of our local order to buy other payers in other places. It ready money. He came up with $47 a share means borrowing on assets for tax purposes and took over Booth in the single biggest public life-the hometovm publisher, the and to help speed acquisitions. It means newspaper deal 1n history, estimated a.t $305 fellow who has a personal as well as trading 1n "funny money" instead of cash, milllon, or $592.88 a reader, according to an financial stake in the community, who swapping unissued stock certificates from~ estimate in The Nation. is not just the manager of a local branch the company safe for smaller corporations. This is not a morality story of virginal store. I do not pretend that they are By such means are formed the diversified Booth against an evil old Sam Newhouse. saints or crusaders-like any other pro- conglomerates favored by Wall Street in- Booth, while better than many other chains, 10862 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 was not outstanding in its journalism. One the twenty-five biggest chains controlled 38 does intelligence processing, guidance for of its papers, The Jackson Citizen Patriot, percent of all circulation; in 1976 the top surface-to-air missiles, and it has wholly was founded by Wilbur F. Storey, the man twenty-five had 52 percent. owned subsidiaries around the world. It con­ who said, "it is the duty of a newspaper to Now that practically all the financially trols telecommunications among 200 nation print the news and raise hell." But after attractive individual newspapers have been states through its RCA Global Communica­ ne.wspapers Joined the Booth chain they bought by groups, the process of concentra­ tions, Inc. RCA is also a subcontractor on usually raised no hell. The papers had a tion is taking the form of chains buying the Alaska pipeline pro1ect, and it has pro­ reputation for efficient business management other chains. In 1976 four big chains bought duced guidance systems for Apollo and Sky­ and intelligent use of modern technology, but six smaller chains, the two most notable lab spacecraft. One wonders what might have when it came to news they generally made cases being Newshouse's purchase of Booth been lost to RCA in its multim1llion-dollar few local waves. Booth, although more con­ and Gannett's of Speidel's thirteen dailies. Apollo and Skylab space contracts if its servative in its business methods and acquisi­ While fewer owners control more newspa­ wholly-owned qroadcasting arm, NBC, had tions, had been in the same chain game as pers, almost all newspapers are now monopo­ produced a convincing documentary against Newhouse: the chief difference between New­ lies in their own communities. Of the 1,500 spending all that money on space explora­ house and most other chain builders is that cities with daily papers, 97.5 percent have tion. he is faster and less pretentious. no local daily newspaper competition. In Throughout the Vietnam War, CBS, too, The approaching end of the independent 1920, there were 700 United States cities wa,s involved in defense contracting. In 1975 daily is not the result of a conspiracy among with competing papers; today there are it sold its high-technology government-con­ media barons. It is a largely impersonal proc­ fewer than fifty. The reader has no choice tract business to Espoo, a Massach.usetts ess, operating in harmony with the rest of even of absentee owners. concern with a German branch. Now the the American economy. In that sense, news­ A particularly disturbing form of concen­ company owns X-acto tools, Steinway pianos, paper companies are no different from con­ tration in the news business is the conglom­ Creative Playthings, the publishing house cerns that dea.l in oil, automobiles, pharma­ erate-the collection under one corporate Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Field & Stream ceuticals, or underarm deodorants. roof of many different kinds of companies. ma,gazine, Road & Track, World Tennis, Cycle Today 71 percent of daily newspaper cir­ In such a setting, news can become a mere World, and Popular Library paperbacks. It culation in the United States is controlled by-product and there is maximum potential has businesses in thirty foreign countries, by 168 multiple ownerships. Concentration for conflict-of-interest·pressures. while subsidiaries make and sell recordings of control over daily news is accelerating. In The New York '!:Imes Company, one such in twenty countries. It recently bought 1930, chains controlled 43 percent of circu­ communications conglomerate, suffered its Fawcett Publications, adding to its stable lation; in 1960, 46 percent. In terms of con­ moment of truth in 1976. The Times Com­ the magazines Woman's Day and Mechanix trol of individual newspapers, the share held pany has twenty-seven subsidiaries, includ­ Illustrated, a mass-market paperback opera­ by chains has grown even more sharply: 16 ing Tennis magazine, Golf Digest, Family tion, and a printing company. percent in 1930, 30 percent in 1960, 60 per­ Circle, ten Florida newspapers, three North American Broadcasting Company, Inc., is cent today. The approaching disappearance Carolina dailies, one radio station, one televi­ an entertainment and amusement-park con­ of even small independent newspapers is not sion station, and three publishing houses. glomerate, as well as a major purveyor of only economically but politically important, Among the properties the company bough11 national news. It owns 277 theaters in eleven because almost all dailies are local monopo­ from another conglomerate, Cowles dommu­ states. It is a major manufacturer and pro• lies, exerting substantial influence in their nications, Inc., was a group of seven special­ ducer of recordings under a number of popu• congressional or state legislative districts. ized journals in the health field, headed by lar labels, and owns a water-bottling com­ Most of the dailies still independent can be Modern Medicine. In 1976 The New York pany, and Word, Inc., of Waco, Tex., a major found among those with less than 10,000 cir­ Times-a daily paper published by the con­ producer of religious records, tapes, music culation, a size that has a cash flow too small glomerate--ran a series of articles on medical sheets, and books that is doing especially to attract major chain operators. · incompetence. In retaliation, medicine-re­ well during the recent vogue of evangelism. And the trend goes on. The employee-held lated industries threatened to withdraw ad­ In a recent year, Les Brown reported in The Kansas City Star and Times has announced vertising, not from the Times, for which they New York Times, the ABC network's news­ that it has accepted an offer of more than provided only insignificant revenue, but from documentary budget was cut to make up for $100 million from Capital Cities Communica­ Modern Medicine, in which the medicine in­ unsatisfactory profits in the unrelated tions, a conglomerate based in broadcasting. dustries were major advertisers. The threat­ amusement and recording subsidiaries of the The Oakland Tribune, once a major influence ened withdrawal of 260 pages of advertising parent corporation. in California Republican politics, recently placed the Times Company in a position to Even conglomerates that have no obvious announced that it was up for sale, too. lose half a million dollars. Not long after, the corporate conhection to American news or­ The top chains in number of papers owned Times Company decided to sell the maga­ ganizations still may have an impact. An as of December 31, 1976, according to data zines to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, the American oil co~pany, Atlantic Richfield, collected by Paul Jess of the University of book-publishing conglomerate, which bar­ recently acquired a 90-percent interest in the Kansas, are : gained for them on the ground that they influential London Observer. The Observer's would create constant conflicts for the Times news service is distributed by the New York Gannett ------73 and the Times comP'any. One wonders Times News Service to fifteen American Thomson ------57 whether Harcourt Brace Jovanovich will now newspapers. Mobil only buys ads. Arco Knight-Ridder ------34 think twice before publishing an otherwise bought the paper. Walls------32 acceptable manuscript if it contains material As large American corporations become in­ Newhouse------30 displeasing to the advertisers who are now a creasingly multinational in scope, foreigners Freedom------25 source of the concern's revenues. One won­ are showing that they can return the favor Harte-Hanks ------24 Scripps League ______20 ders, moreover, if other newspaper conglom­ by penetrating United States markets. The erates would have been as willing as the company of the Canadiian-born Lord Thom­ Worrell ------19 Times Company to get rid of such property; son of Fleet, who died in 1976, owns fl.fty­ Cox------18 it would strike many as simpler not to assign seven newspapers in the United States (many Stauffer------18 reporters to stories that might offend some­ of them weeklies), thirty magazines in South one doing business with a subsidiary. Africa, and is a partner in oil exploration In terms of daily circulation, the leading (Incidentally, the comparatively low recent with Occidental and Getty oil companies chains are: profits from The New York Times have led and Allied Chemical. some observers to conclude that companies A spectacular entry from abroad is Rupert Knight-Ridder ------3, 725, 000 acquire subsidiaries to prop sagging news­ Murdoch of Australia, who recently bought Newhouse------3,530,000 Chicago Trib ______2,995,000 papers. In practically all conglomerates, their the New York Post for more than $30 million. newspapers are highly profitable.) • According to news stories, he then tried t'o Gannett ------2, 940, 000 In broadcasting, also, concentration of hire some writers from The Village Voice Scripps-Howard ------1, 750, 000 Times Mirror ______1, 750, 000 control over the news function by networks and the writers declined, saying they would Dow Jones ______1, 700,000 means control by conglomerates, whose non­ not work for a sex-and-sensation peddler. journalistic subsidiaries represent potential Days' later, Murdoch bought The Village Hearst------1,550,000 conflicts with independent news. Voice in a deal with New Ythe Washington Post, March 20, 1977) trouble the slightly built Dutch scientist. He A serious lung condition that causes had satisfied his curiosity. ARIE J. HAAGEN-SMIT, 76, DIES; SMOG spasms of coughing has sapped his strength "As far as I was concerned," he said in a SCIENTIST, POLLUTION FOE and confined him mostly to his quiet and clipped accent, "it was then up to others to PASADENA, CALIF.-Dr. Arie J. Haagen-Smit, lovely home on a. tree-llned street of Pasa­ do the dirty work. I went back to the la.b­ who discovered how smog is formed and then dena. ora.tory." tried to force the oll and auto industries to But it has not clouded the mind or crimped He was not to remain in peace much clean up urban a.tr, died Thursday of cancer the humor of the "gentle European," nor has longer, however. The industries he had at his home. He was 76. it dampened his optimism. named as major polluters were begtnning to His laboratory creation of smog in 1960 at What Dr. Ha.a.gen-Smit, the man they call react. California Institute of Technology marked "Haggy," did back in 1950 was discover the "They said my work was not scientific," a breakthrough tn the understanding of how sources and processes of air pollution and Ha.a.gen-Smit said, never too concerned a.bout sunlight acts on pollutants to form the create them in a. test tube. their efforts to discredit him. "But major brown haze that often blankets urban areas. No one had done that before ("Although studies which cost much more than mine The biochemist had been 111 for several someone would have done it eventually," he were undertaken and they all reached the yea.rs with cancer of the colon, which ap­ says modestly), and the subsequent atten­ same conclusion." parently spread to his lungs, said Ora.ham tion was life-changing. Then he added, not so much immodestly as Berry, spokesman !or Caltech. Has.gen-Smit not only laid out in scien­ !actually "You can't beat the truth." Dr. Ha.a.gen-Smit retired from Caltech in tific principle what smog ts-hydrocarbons As the impact of his discovery grew, 1971, after having taught and conducted re­ and oxides of nitrogen-but also pointed a. Ha.a.gen-Smit ("A scientific Don Quixote," an search there for more than 20 yea.rs. finger at who ca.used it. The prime sources, industrlaltst once sneered) edged into cen­ After discovering how smog ts created, he he told the world, were the oll and auto­ ter stage. turned his efforts toward getting the auto motive industries. Then he waited for their From a Chamber of Commerce scientific and petroleum industries to build cleaner reaction. committee he stepped up to the state level, cars and refineries. Hts efforts were met wt th "At first," he said, "they were very quiet." Joining the new Motor Vehicle Pollution Con­ attempts to discredit his work. Has.gen-Smit leaned back in a. contour cha.tr trol Board-a. stepchild of h1s discovery. "I felt I was competent in chemistry but and stared at the celling, half-smiling, It was an uneasy venture into public life. not in government," he once said. "However, remembering. "I felt I was competent in chemistry," the job had to be done. I never walk a.way "Then they laughed at me and tried to Ha.agen-Smit said, sipping water to control from anything." discredit me.'' He brought the chair forward his cough, "but not in government. However, He joined the Motor Vehicles Pollution to !ace his interviewer. "Then there was a the job had to be done. I never walk away Con'trol Boa.rd which became, in 1968, the war ..." from anything." sta. te Air Resources Boa.rd, and served as He entered that war reluctantly. To be a That was to be his pervasive philosophy chairman until 1973. hero, and a target, in the environmental over the next several yea.rs, but he was never He was chairman of a committee which movement had not been the gentle Euro­ at ease in the uncertain environment of pub­ sets air quality standards for the nation, the pean's intention. lic formalities. National Air Qua.Irty Criteria Advisory Com­ "But I suppose," he mused, "It was not "I guess I'm just not a government man," mittee for the Environmental Protection the intention of the fly to catch the flypaper he told an interviewer in the heat of one Agency. He was also a member of the Com­ either, 1! you know what I mean." battle. "You can't let your hair down in mittee on Motor Vehicle Emission !or the Na­ Such was the impact of his discovery that government, and they can't Just look at me tional Academy of Sciences, and he was on Ha.a.gen-Smit, then a professor of biology at and say, 'You're getting old, Ha.ggy . . .' " former President Nixon's Task Force on Air Caltech, was to become in 1968 chairman of In 1968, the Motor Vehicles Pollution Con­ Pollution tn 1970. the California. Air Resources Boa.rd, a post he trol Boa.rd became the 14-member Air Re­ A native of Utrecht, The Netherlands, Dr. held until 1973, and a leader in the fight !or sources Boa.rd and Ha.a.gen-Smit was its He.a.gen-Smit graduated from the University clean a.tr. chairman. of Utrecht and received a Ph.D. in 1929. In That the a.tr re1nains polluted, to a. lesser The battle heated. Industry criticized him 1936 he lectured at Harvard, then in 1937 degree than it was 27 years ago, ls no ca.use on one hand !or being too tough, and the Joined the faculty at Caltech, where he !or distress, he says. What matters to him is environmentaltsts were on him for being too taught unttl his retirement. that "the show is on the road.'' weak. He ts survived by his wife, Maria; four "We wlll always have some bad days," he But the shouters, he said with a small ch1ldren, and a. sister. said, coughing and trying to smile. "But shrug, never influenced him one way or the there a.re so many more good days now ..." other. "They got awfully excited, but I Just stayed [From the Los Angeles Times, Mar. 6, 1977] Arie Ha.agen-Smit is 76. He recevied hts Ph.D. in chemistry In the Netherlands and quiet. It's better not to talk back. You always THINK OF HIM WHEN SKY Is BLUE, Am came to the United States !or the first time lose." SWEET in 1936 to lecture at Harvard. What Ha.a.gen-Smit was doing instead was (By Al Martinez) A year later he was inVited to Join the approaching the top men in the petroleum "We wm always have some bad days," he faculty at Caltech, and was there until his and automobile industries to get something said, coughing and try ng to smtle. "But retirement in 1971. done. there a.re so many more good days now ..." Hts primary concern was biochemistry. "I "I have found," he said, "that it does no The ba. ttle for clean a.tr has been long was interested in the problems of nature," he good to go to anyone unless he is in charge. and difficult for the man who never in­ would tell a reporter. "Why does a plant All a company president has to do to get tended to fight a. war in the first place. grow? Why does a fly have red eyes?" something done ls send out a. little memo All that Dr. Arie Ha.a.gen-Smit ever in­ It was an interest based in his youth. He " tended to do was indulge his curiosity. He remembers running through the fields of The results of the "little memos"-and wanted to know why tree grow, and why Holla.nd, picking flowers and trying to de­ some legislative muscle-were gratifying to they died. termine what they were. Ha.a.gen-Smit, and he ls quick to compUment As a biochemist, U!e was his essential "My interest was in ll!e," he said, "a.nd in both industries for the actions they have interest--its beauty and its processes. the chemical processes that sustain it." taken to reduce air pollution. And then one day, as a friend tells tt, That interest was expanded in 1949 to in­ He estimated in 1953 that they were ea.ch he stepped out of his ivory tower at the Ca.11- clude air pollution. The compelling force, he responsible !or pumping 800 tons of pol­ fornta. Institute of Technology in Pasadena, says simply, was curiosity. lutants into the a.tr daily. The oil industry, and discovered air poll utlon. "No one could miss smog in those days," he points out now, is down to about 150 tons Ha.a.gen-Smit said. "I felt it would not be a day and the auto industry down to 300 That was more than a q,ua.rter of a century difficult to find out what it was. And so I a.go. It has never been the same !or the man tons. began." "It Just proves," he says, "that if you give they call, with some irony, "the father of The result was what some have termed smog." people time there ls no reason to be pes­ "Ha.agen-smog"-that ls, air pollution in a simistic. The oil and auto industries learned He was abruptly taken from the scholarly test tube. He had isolated the recipe for that .. .'' ambience of his scientific workshop tnto the "goop In the air." Meanwhile, pressure was mounting for chaotic public arena. at a. time when there The first announcement of his achieve­ the unwieldly ARB to be reorganized, and it were no winners on the ecological front. ment was carried inconspicuously in the was. In 1972, the agency was reduced from a Environmentalists !ought him with the press, and was greeted ilnitially with only 14-member to a five-member board. same ferocity as private industry. passing interest. Ha.a.gen-Smit, who had retired from Cal­ "It was a case," says Ha.agen-Smit today To Has.gen-Smit,. pollution was an affront tech the previous year, wanted to quit the "of being handed your own death certificate'. to beauty, a stinking cloud that rolled across state job too but was prevailed upon to There was simply ne point in arguing with the landscape every afternoon. But to most it continue-stlll as board chairman. anyone." was a. Jack Benny joke, a. kind of Los Angeles "Let's face it," one member would say April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10867 later. "His prestige alone was holding the wife, four grown children, and six grand­ my colleagues in this body from the por­ whole thing together." children. Haagen-Smit reached his decision to stay Beyond that-beyond the solitary nature tions of suburban Maryland and northern by_ facing a simple truth. "The public has of his struggle-he has become a towering Virginia which combine with the District a right to clean air. Perhaps I can help." figure in both scientific and political circles. of Columbia to form Metropolitan Wash­ Despite high praise, an increasing number Charles Heinen, an executive with the ington. Our colleagues in the Senate rep­ of scientific honors and the best of motives, Chrysler Corp. in Detroit, who has known resenting Maryland and Virginia also they were not halcyon days for the soft­ Haagen-Smit as adversary and friend for 25 enjoy membership in the Council of Gov­ spoken Dutchman. years, said: ernments. He was even accused of letting speakers "He was once my judge and jury, because For all these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I ramble on too long at public meetings. I am an automobile company man. But never To such criticism, after one man had did I doubt his competence, integrity or am happy to join other elected officials talked for 45 minutes, Haagen-Smi1; replied, humanity. Never did I question his dignity. and the news media in paying tribute to "He's a human being. He would feel badly if "All that I am trying to say is that Haggy the Metropolitan Washington Council no one listened." is a special person . . ." of Governments for the unique and ef­ That attitude continues today. "If they One whose concern in a private way is fective role which it has played in our .a.re public meetings," he asks simply, what his concern has always been in a behalf over 20 years. It can be said with "should not the public be allowed to speak?" public w-ay. Life. He thinks about that for a moment and accuracy that COG is the reason that 16 then adds: "My work was not so perfect, cities and counties, 2 States, 10 Con­ but I did the best I could." gresses and 6 Presidents have been able At the time, Haagen-Smit conceded that to cooperate toward a better Metropoli­ perhaps it was time for someone else to METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON tan Washington for all of us. take his place on the board-"someone with COUNCilJ OF GOVERNMENTS the ability to knock heads together in an CELEBRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY acceptable manner." Some agreed, some didn't. One board member liked the persuasive style of the HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY "foxy grandpa." A national magazine said SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM UTAH OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WINNER of him, "He undoubtedly knows more about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES airborne pollutants than. anyone else in the world." Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Once more, however, Haagen-Smit made Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, as the HON. GUNN McKAY his own decision, and that decision in 1973 OF UTAH was that he'd had enough. He retired from centrail city in this metropolitan area, the ARB. with over 3 million people living and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I'm just an old sailor," he said, "who is working in the Nation's Capital and its Wednesday, April 6, 1977 fading away." suburbs, the District of Columbia has al­ He didn't fade far. He was honored at an ways been a proud partner in the Metro­ Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, I am international symposium in Geneva, given politan Washington Council of Govern­ pleased to submit for the RECORD the the prestigious Smithsonian Medal, awarded ments. winning script from the State of Utah the $50,000 Alice Tyler Ecology Prize and as delivered by Mr. Richard Marti~ the Rhineland Award for western Europe­ I am happy to note that today the an in recognition of his work on behalf of Council of Governments observes its 20th Geiger for the 1976 VFW Voice of clean air. anniversary. It was 20 years ago this Democracy Scholarship program. I con­ More recently, a building at an ARB fa­ month that this respected organization gratulate Mr. Geiger and commend his cility in El Monte was named after Haagen­ was founded under the leadership of a essay to my colleagues for their consid­ Smit, to which he puckishly observes, District of Columbia official and two sub­ eration: "Everyone· ought to have a pyramid." ' urban officials at a meeting in the Dis­ VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ScHOLARSHIP PRO­ He has no regrets about his time of public GRAM UTAH WINNER service. "They were exciting years," he says trict Building. The President of the Dis­ softly, " although they may have 1-asted a trict of Columbia Board of Commission­ (By Richard M. Geiger) little too long." - ers, Robert E. McLaughlin, joined two I have been alive about eighteen years · Nor does he regret the intensive lab work suburban officials in bringing some 40 now ... The United States of America have that went on for years after his discovery, local officials together for the first time. lived for two hundred. That's just more than often with himself as the guinea pig in a In the 20 years since, the District of ten times as long as I lived. But is 200 years smog chamber built to study the effects of Columbia has continued its participation so long in the life of a nation? Just as eight­ air pollution on plant life. in COG. Other District officials have een years is only the beginning of my life, Haagen-Smit is adamantly opposed to the two hundred is just the beginning of the notion that the tests had anything to do served in COG's leadership posts right up life of our country. The eighteenth year of with his critical lung ailment. to the present. Our Mayor, Walter Wash­ my life will be a turning point for me. I will He said then, "Smog is an aesthetic and ington, has served as the president of begin to assume the responsibilities this economic nuisance that should be fought as COG, and the chairman of the District country assigns to its adult citizens. I will such. Don't believe the stories that death of Columbia City Council, Sterling Tuck­ have the responsibility of casting my vote in the form of smog stalks the streets of er, was elected to two terms as chairman in the next election for President. The vote Los Angeles." of the board of COG. is part of the heritage handed down to me. Illness hasn't changed Haagen-Smit's This participation has produced re­ I will use that vote, and other channels of mind. He holds to the original contention democracy to help institute necessary and adds, "A chemical laboratory is never a wards for the District of Columbia. COG change, for as in the first years of my life, paradise of odors anti chemicals. Sometimes has helped obtain millions of dollars for the first years of my country's life have been, I've had the skin peel off my hands from the city of Washington in Federal hous­ at times, turbulent. Just as I have made chemicals, and I've had to say to myself 'I ing funds. Major transportation improve­ mistakes, and will continue to make them, must be more careful.' " ments in expanded bus servfce and fringe so has and so will the United States. But it's Is he satisfied now that the battle for parking have made it easier for our citi­ my responsibility to do everything I can to clean air will one day be won? zens in the South Capitol Street corridor protect and preserve the aspects of my heri­ Arie Ra,agen-Smit leaned back in his con­ tage that I believe in. It's also just as im­ tour chair and thought about it. to get to and from work. They were ac­ portant to try and rid my country of any "If the goal is zero smog," he finally said, complished through a special COG proj­ aspects I feel are not right. That is the re­ we'll never reach it. There will always be ect. sponsibility of a democracy, and no other some contamination. But our air on the The District of Coiumbia was facing a system of government asks as much from its average is 50 % cleaner than it was in 1970. refuse disposal crisis of severe dimen­ people. We have ma.de progress. sions when its officials, working with their The means I can use to imput my voice "From now on, progress will be slower," he colleagues in three suburbs, established into this democracy are all parts of my added, thumbing absently through scientific one of the few regional sanitary landfills heritage. If the freedoms of speech, rellgion journals on a table at his side. "The first in the Nation. The vehicle for solving this and press are violated or abused, I must act gains are always easier. The battle will go to preserve that heritage. on." extreme problem was the Council of Gov­ Another part of my heritage is the re­ His own battle now is a lonelier one, far ernments. sponsibility to keep a watch for violation of from the noisy public arena, in a chair by As the Member of Congress represent­ others' rights. I must act to insure against a window on a sunlit day. He fights the war ing the city of Washington, I am pleased future Kent States and Waterga.tes. against failing health with the love of his to serve as a member of COG, along with At times I will be a. dissenting voicet and 10868 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 that, too ls a. pa.rt of my heritage. The birth lunch poltcy adopted by your county or city ers will open a new and original play at o! our nation was conceived in dissent. Board of Education, you a.re only seeing a Temple Emmanuel of Beverly Hills,_ In striving to improve the United States "rubber stamped" policy. The only input the titled, "Passions," the production ex­ wc must all never forget the mistakes o! local boards of education have 1n the policy the past, a.nd we must fight to maintain the is name and address of the Boa.rd of Educa­ plores Jewish life during the medieval good things we have. In remembering the tion and the date of formal adoption. period, Jewish-Christian relationships, Thomas Jeflersons we must also remember The policy on free or reduced-price lunches and the roots of anti-Semitism. The date the Joe McCa.rthys and Richard Nixon. is so structured as to encourage some pa.r­ marks the 1-year anniversary of the Perhaps MUla.rd Flllmore said it best in his ents to certify untruths about their fa.mtly opening of "Survivors," a chronicle of the message to Congress in 1860: income, a.nd thus to contra.diet the founda­ emotional aftereff'ects of the European "I believe no event would be ha.lled with tions o! self-respect and wholesome self­ ~oloc~ust of World War II. The company,_ more gra.tiftca.tion by the people o! the lma.ge. m a lighter vein, also has in its repertory United States than the amicable adjustment When a pa.rent files application for his o! some questions o! difficulty, which have, child or children to be given a free lunch, the "The Tales of Chelm," colorful adapta: !or a long time, agitated the country." school official (principal) will notify the par­ tions of old Eastern European folk tales So Just as my life is only beginning, and I ent or guardian within a reasonable period of about the legendary town of fools. turn my eyes to my past then look to the time of acceptance or denial of the request. I am happy to be the means of bringing future, so must all Americans search the Schools a.re not staffed with sufficient person­ this exceptional theater group to the at­ past to find a. pa.th to the future, and there nel to make 1n depth or thorough investi­ tention of the House, so that we may join ls no more fitting a time to do this than gations, and attorneys advise us tha.t 1f a in the New Artef Players anniversary this, the two-hundredth a.nnlversa.ry o! the child should be denied a free or reduced.­ celebration. Declo.ration o! our Independence. But a.s price lunch without Justifiable cause, the we celebrate our first two hundred years, we school official is subject to a personal libel must look forward to our next two hundred suit. The risk ls hardly worth the effort. As a A SOLAR ENERGY BILL years, and be wllling to lend our hands to result, here in the Robeson County Unit, al­ the molding o! the future with a.s much ca.re most 90 percent of our school children re­ and energy as those before us. Let's make ceive either a free or reduced-price lunch. HON. JIM LLOYD sure that we wlll be a.round to celebrate in The 10 percent who do pay the full price are OF CALIFORNIA two hundred more yea.rs. not necessa.rUy those most able to. The problems as stated above seem to point IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out an impossible situation with no solu­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 tion. This ls not the fact-there ls an an­ swer. The answer ls stmply--serve every stu­ Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speaker SCHOOL LUNCH REFORM dent a tax paid lunch. We accept the premise today, I am introducing a solar energy that a midday meal !or developing our youth bill which provides incentives to both ls wholesome, if not a necessity. If we have builders of solar heating and cooling HON. CHARLES ROSE III the responslbUlty of all children ages 5-18 units and to taxpayers who install these OF NORTH CAROLINA !or seven hours of the day, ministering to units in their homes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the needs o! their developing minds, then why a.re we not also responsible to minister I realize that more than 60 similar bills Wednesday, April 6, 1977 to their physical needs with a daily nourish­ have been introduced this session and Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today ing meal? I am happy to see such enthusiastic sup­ In rea.11ty, there ls no such thing a.s a free port among my colleagues. However my to take note of a recent editorial pre­ lunch. Someone ls paying and possibly the bill is unique, because it combines both sented by Mr. Young H. Allen, superin­ pa.rents who do send money for their child's tax credits for taxpayers and loans to tendent of Robeson County Schools in lunch a.re also paying through taxes for many builders form a package that will North Carolina's Seventh Congressional of those so-called "free" lunches. to The present lunch program, whUe serving stimulate the growth of this infant District. industry. Mr. Allen's remarks specifically relate a good purpose, ls creating mistrust and neg­ to the present school lunch program and ativism towards the public school. The time Since the initial cost of a solar heating has come when a positive action should be and cooling system '1s high, my bill pro­ the inequities and absurdities which faced reasonably by serving all children a vides tax credits which wm assist tax­ sometimes result from it. Whatever posi­ noonday meal, Just as we provide them an payers who Wish to make this purchase. tion Members of the House may take on English, ma.th, or physical education course. Taxpayers will receive a credit of 25 per­ the school lunch program, I feel the Such a change can come a.bout only cent for all solar energy equipment ex­ following article will be informative. through action of the Congress of the United States. penditures up to $8,000. It is a pleasure, therefore, to commend Studies show that those who wish to this reading to my colleagues : build homes that utilize solar energy 8cHOOL LUNCHES FOR ALL TRIBUTE TO THE NEW ARTEF may have difficulty financing the home. (By Young H. Allen) PLAYERS Consequently, the bill I am introducing One o! the most perplexing tasks in public today provides loans to help builders fi­ school operation ls that of carrying out the nance homes that use solar energy. free or reduced-price school lunch poltcy. HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN Builders may obtain low-interest loans School administrations fully recognize that they a.re administering a program they know OF CALIFORNIA of up to one-half of the cost of installing to be un!a.lr, unrealtstic, and in the long run, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES solar energy equipment. The Sun's energy is inexhaustible and detrimental to public support o! the public Wednesday, April 6, 1977 schools. consequently can provide many economic First, let's make it clear that there is al­ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, we are advantages. If only 1 percent of the Na­ most unanimous agreement that every child fortunate, in southern California, to be tion's buildings are heated by the Sun, 30 needs a nourishing meal at noon to prepare enriched by a.Jewish repertory company million barrels of oil will be saved each his body and mind for development ta.king called the New Artef Players. Named year. place during the school day. This ls probably after a Yiddish theater ensemble active As I have stated, my bill directs its aid more pertinent today than in the pa.st as in the 1920's and 1930's, this group of to the solar home and this may signifi­ research shows that fewer children are get­ ting a good breakfast, partly due to working actors, writers, designers, and musicians, cantly conserve energy, since 25 percent mother , and partly due to the fa.d of snacks led by Paul Bennet, its administrative of our Nation's energy is consumed by all during the day, rather than three sub­ director and Armand Volk as artistic di­ residences. stantial meals. Therefore, the school lunch rector, is contributing greatly to the cul­ Moreover, the future price of fuel is an ts a wholesome addition to the school pro­ tural Uf e of the communities it reaches. indication of the great economic return gram and ls here to stay. In the most exciting manner. the tradi­ from the use of solar energy. Rising The school lunch program began some tions of Jewish consciousness are pre­ prices of fuel may soon make solar en­ yea.rs ago primarily as a means of disposing served and fostered for the enjoyment of ergy the most practical energy source of surplus agricultural products. It proved Jews and non-Jews alike. The company available. Immediate economic impact not only to serve that purpose, but to meet performs at synagogues, college cam­ can be felt as this burgeoning industry the nutritional needs of mill1ons of school children throughout the nation. Bascia.lly, it puses, and has 'a special education pro­ provides jobs for installers, plumbers, ls a program supported and controlled by the gram for children which is presented at carpenters, and other construction federal government. When you as a citizen public schools. workers as well as architects, engineers. receive or sec an announcement of the school On April 30, 1977, the New Artef Play- and other professionals. April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10869 Clearly, the Sun is a great untapped va.ders are unable to suppress the aspirations ican in California to actively serve on the energy source and it will become more of the Lithuanian people for self-government California State Alcoholism Advisory attractive once solar energy equipment and the exercise of their human rights. Now, therefore, be it resolved Board. installation becomes less expensive for That we demand that the Soviet Union I ask my colleagues in Congre.ss to join both builders and homeowners. So, by withdraw its military forces, administrative with me in tribute to a great American, cutting down this expense my bill pro­ apparatµs and the imported Russian colo­ Mr. Ralph L. Williams, for his outstand­ vides help where it is needed most. nists from Lithuania. and allow the Lithu­ ing contributions to the fight against anian people to govern themselves freely; alcoholism in the city of Los Angeles and That we demand the immediate release of throughout the State of California. all Lithuanians who are imprisoned for po­ LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE litical reasons and religious reasons and who for years have been lingering in various Soviet jails and concentration camps or kept HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO in psychiatric wards; THE QUIET DEATH OF THE VIETNAM That, meanwhile, we protest against the VETERANS JOBS PROGRAM OF NEW JERSEY degradation of the Lithuanian people by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet rulers in proclaiming that Lithuanians Wednesday, April 6, 1977 shall be grateful to the Soviet Union for their HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR "liberation" and that we further protest OF OHIO Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, last Feb­ against the corruption of the minds of the ruary 16, Lithuanians throughout the Lithuanian people by the preaching of lies IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES world commemorated the 59th anniver­ about all kinds of human rights in occupied Wednesday, April 6, 1977 sary of Lithuanian independence. This Lithuania which in fact do not exist. That we are deeply grateful to the 94th Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, last Janu­ anniversary is a celebration of heritage. Congress of the United States for passage ary, President Carter's announcement of But it is just as importantly a rededica­ of new resolutions expressing the sense of a program to provide 200,000 jobs for un­ tion to the struggle for a new day of the Congress relating to the status of the employed Vietnam veterans in 1977 and freedom. Baltic states. 1978 received banner headlines. I was Since 1940, Lithuanians have lived That in expressing our gratitude to the particularly interested in his proposal, as under the repression of the Communist United States Government for its firm posi­ regime in Moscow. They have withstood tion of non-recognition of the Soviet occu­ 1 week earlier I had proposed my own bill attacks on their language, their religion, pation and annexation of Lithuania, we re­ for more jobs for veterans. What I their culture, and their civil and politi­ quest an activation of the non-recognition sought was a special provision for Viet­ principle by stressing at every opportunity nam veterans in the economic recovery cal liberties. They have witnessed Soviet in the United Nations and other interna­ program, so that the terribly high rate leaders from Stalin to Brezhnev endorse tional forums the denial of freedom and na­ of unemployment among these men and international agreements-the latest be­ tional independence to Lithuania and other women might be reduced. Both Presi­ ing the Helsinki Final Act-guaranteeing Baltic States. human rights, only to suffer from the That copies of this Resolution be for­ dent Carter's proposal and my pro­ systematic denial of those rights. warded to the President of the United States, posal envisioned P.roviding more of the Yet they are no less strong. Their pa­ to the Secretary of State, to the United States public service jobs created under the triotism, their strength in the face of Senators and Congressmen from our state Comprehensive Employment and Train­ adversity, and their spirit of ultimate vic­ and the news media. ing Act-cETA-to Vietnam veterans. EDWARD PODLECKIS, My bill, H.R. 2847, would have required tory are testimonials to people through­ Secretary, Lithuanian-American that 20 percent of all the new jobs be out the world who suffer from tyranny. Council, Linden Division. On January 28, the Lithuanian Ameri­ given to unemployed Vietnam veterans. cans of Linden, N.J., representing many Last Tu~sday, however, the House ef­ of my constituents, adopted a resolution fectively closed the door on such a pro­ reaffirming these beliefs. In my judg­ TRIBUTE TO RALPH L. WILLIAMS gram for the coming year. It did so, with­ ment, this resolution succinctly and elo­ out fanfare or even a recorded vote, by quently testifies to their endurance and approving, without any special provision their unflagging commitment to liberty. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke for veterans, the only bill that could have I would like to insert this document as OF CALIFORNIA served as the vehicle for providing more an official part of the RECORD. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public service jobs for Vietnam veterans. The resolution follows: Much to my regret, this bill, H.R. 2992, Wednesday, April 6, 1977 merely extends the CETA programs RESOLUTION Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ through fiscal year 1978 and does not We, the Lithuanian-Americans of Linden er, today, I would like to bring to the amend them at all. and vicinity assembled this 28th day of Jan­ uary, 1977, at the Lithuanian Liberty Park attention of my colleagues the many Frankly, it seems to me that once the Hall, 340 Mitchell Avenue, Linden, New Jer­ outstanding contributions of Mr. Ralph White House announcement was sey, to commemorate the restoration of L. Williams, of Los Angeles. As one of the splashed over the newspapers, a bare Lithuania's independeMe, do hereby state founders of the Southwest Comprehen­ minim um was done for the purpose of as follows: sive Medical Corp., Mr. Williams was seeing that the Vietnam veterans pro­ That February 16, 1977 marks the 59th instrumental in securing the corpora­ posal would be enacted. The House Em­ anniversary of the restoration of independ­ tion's first contract from the county of ployment Opportunities Subcommittee ence to the more than 700 year-old Lithu­ held only one hearing on the matter, on anian State, which was restored by the blood Los Angeles for the treatment of alco­ sacrifices of the Lithuanian people during holics in the city's southwest area. Soon March 16, and at that hearing it heard the wars of independence of 1919-1920, and after this, Ralph Williams was chosen to only one witness, Ernest Green, the As­ recognized by the international community be the corporation's first executive ad­ sistant Secretary of Labor. of states; ministrator. In this capacity, he secured I understand that it was not until a That the Republic of Lithuania was forci­ the corporation's second program, the short time before this hearing that the bly occupied and illegally annexed by the minidetoxification treatment and re­ subcommittee even received a proposed Soviet Union in 1940, in violation of all the ferral program, set up to meet the critical bill from the administration embodying existing tree.ties and the principles of inter­ national law; needs of alcohol abusers in Greater its Vietnam veterans jobs proposal. In­ That while so many countries under foreign Southwest Los Angeles. cidentally, despite all of the newspaper colonial domination have been given the op­ In 1972, Mr. Williams assumed the po­ commentary that the administration portunity to establish their own independent sition of chairman of the Southwest proposal would provide 145,000 public states, Lithuania is still exposed to the most Health Council. Since that time he has service jobs to Vietnam veterans, the bill brutal Russian oppression and is nothing negotiated with the Los Angeles County did nothing of the kind. Rather, it would more than a colony of the Soviet Empire; board of supervisors and the department have amended the law to establish a That although the Soviet Union, through to programs of resettlement of peoples, intensi­ of health services remodel the South­ "preference" for Vietnam veterans in fied russiflcation, suppression of religious west Health Clinic. filling public service jobs, and the 145,000 freedom and political persecutions, continue In addition to these noteworthy ac­ figure was to be only a "national goal." in its efforts to change the ethnic character complishments, Mr. Williams has the 'But the House Education and Labor of the population of Lithuania, the Soviet in- distinction of being the first black Amer- Committee did not see flt to include even 10870 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 this prov1s1on, which is more limited number 365,000. If Arkansas got the afflictions ranged from sickle-cell anemia to than the proposal I offered, in H.R. 2992 .. maximum amount of funds each of these functional blindness, deafness and severe persons could get just over $5. emotional disturbance. Of course, the administration has "My admiration for you,'' Cranston told stated that it will pursue employment of Mr. Speaker, no Member of this body is them, "is matched by my outrage at the Vietnam veterans with all the means more concerned about the effects of the bureaucracy, so I find it hard to ask currently at its disposal, and the Sub­ unusually cold winter we have just gone questions." committee on Employment Opportunities through than I. I know how the people Allen and Meg Tucker of Great Falls, he a has indicated its intention to study of the Second District and Arkansas gen­ cheerful mathematics professor at George­ closely the problem of unemployment erally suffered both physically and eco­ town, she a lively, black-haired former among veterans and to find solutions to nomically through it. But I cannot be­ French teacher, have adopted Brian and lieve that appropriating-$200 million to Jenny, and would have taken two more if it. I support both of these efforts, and I they could have counted on some outside hope they will succeed. be spent in an as yet undetermined financial help. , But I do not believe that these actions fashion is going to be of any real assist­ Jenny, at age 3 could not see and would not accord the problem the urgency it de- ance to them. For that reason I voted talk when she came to them. She also had . serves, and I am certain that the ap­ against the amendment to the supple­ serious birth defects. She had been in eight proach embodied in my bill H.R. 2847, mental appropriations bill. foster homes, taken to a new one after each would have been far more effective in of the numerous operations required for her eyes and her deformed hands. The sight of a providing jobs to the men and women suitcase made her hysterical. who served in our Armed Forces during Jenny's medical bills were so high that the the Vietnam war. Thus I am deeply dis­ OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADOPTION ACT OF 1977 Tuckers "seriously" considered giving her up. appointed that this approach was not The difficulty was that Jenny had been taken adopted now, and I will continue my ef­ from New York and became ineligible for the forts to see that it will be enacted. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke state's adoption substdies when she went to Virginia. Both states claimed she was the OF CALIFORNIA other's responsibility. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jenny was initially diagnosed as tetarded. EXPLANATION OF VOTE ON Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Her father diffidently took the microphone to boast to Cranston: "Despite the diagnosis H.R. 4477 Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ of retarded, Jenny is now at the top of the er, I recently introduced the Opportuni­ second grp,de." HON. JIM GUY TUCKER ties for Adoption Act of 1977 (H.R. 5550), Ruthann and Henry Haussling have to improve the prospects of adoption for adopted five children, all but one of them OF ARKANSAS with severe physical or emotional problems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more than 100,000 children now consid­ ered unadaptable because of the lack of They are black. The Hausslings are white. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Mrs. Haussling is the president of the local clear direction and objectives in our Council for Adoptable Children. Mr. TUCKER. Mr. Speaker, on the 16th many public and private adoption agen­ The Flynns, Laurie and Joseph of Lancas­ of March the House voted to amend the cies. Many of these are "special needs" ter, Pa., are no less remarkable. They have · supplemental appropriations bill to in­ children, generally defined as those who five children of their own and acquired five clude an additional $200 million for the have not been adopted due to their age­ more, including one 9-year-old black, half­ purpose of aiding those poor families who usually over 6 years-race, ethnic group, Vietnamese boy, adopted "unexpectedly" mental, physical or emotional disability, during the Vietnam baby lift. were unable to pay increased home They insist that ther~ are thousands of heating bills caused by the unusually cold or because they are members of a sibling other Americans who are dying to take on winter. I voted against that amendment, group. the challenge-and rewardS--Of taking so­ and I believe the people of my district For those who could not attend the called "difficult" children home with them deserve to know why. April 4 Senate hearings on the compan­ for good. I voted against this program, because ion bill, S. 961, which was introduced by Two months ago, the Flynns tried to orga­ neither on the floor during debate nor Senator CRANSTON, I am placing into the nize a modest service for would-he adoptive since that time have I found anyone who CONGRESSIONAL RECORD today an article parents. They were not well received by the written by the distinguished columnist, professionals. At the local Children's Bureau, could provide details about how this $200 Joseph Flynn said, he and his wife were million is going to be spent. Even the Mary McGrory of the Washington Star­ viewed as "somewhat threatening." Besides, amount of money going to each of the News. Her reporting of the poignant tes­ the prevailing social service wisdom is that States is unknown. The best answer the timony of several adoptive parents of children who have been in foster home care Comunity Services Administration can special needs chilq.ren provides valuable for three years are unadaptable. The Flynns give is that Arkansas will get between insight into the problems of the present have two teen-age boys who had been in $1.67 and $1.86 million-over a 10-per­ adoption system. I recommend this ar­ foster homes for six years. cent variation. ticle highly to my esteemed colleagues in What emerged from the touching testi­ the Congress and to all those interested mony was a pattern. Children are sent to What is going to be done with this foster homes almost casually, and moved money once it is determined how much in helping special needs children find around-"bounced around" is more like it-­ each State gets? The ·answer is that it is the love and security of permanent to whatever is available. then often for­ to be turned over to the Governors of homes: gotten. Adoption is still a rigid and difficult each of the States who, in the words of THE U.S. GOVERNMENT SHOULD HELP SAINTS procedure, and subject to wild variations in the sponsor of this amendment, "* * * (By Mary McGrory) rules and standards from state to state. would then decide on the best way to dis­ "You really arc absolute saints," Sen. Alan The federal government currently spends tribute the funds to those most in Cranston, D-Calif., told ~he six people who $700 million to provide foster care for chil­ dren. need * .* *."The Governor of my State were seated before him in the hearing room. is a fine individual, as I am sure are the The is not something that senators usu­ The Cranston bill would authorize $20 ally say to witnesses, but there wa;;; nothing million in its first year, to promote adop­ Governors o'f the other 49 States, but tion-impose federal standards, provide a they are not charged with the constitu­ usual about the three young couples who had come to testify about his adoption sub­ subsidy for hard-to-place children, eliminate tional responsibility of seeing that, "No sidy bill-which is, incidentally, opposed by barriers on exchange of medical and personal money is drawn from the Treasury, but the Health, Education and Welfare Depart­ information between states-and would re­ in consequence of appropriations made ment because it would, as a spokesman said, train social service worke~ to think adoption by law." "fragment the delivery of social services." for long-term foster-care children. Even setting aside that objection, the It is hard to see how the efforts of the Mrs. Hausseling reported that 85 people Governor of eacll State is left to decide adoptive pa,rents could have been more turned up at a recent meeting sponsored not only what method to use in distribut­ "fragmented." Red tape, jurisdictional tan­ by the Council on Adoptable Children in gles and begrudged information had im­ Arlington. But there is on1:, social worker for ing these funds, but also to decide who peded seriously their quests to become par­ adoption cases in Arlington County and the gets the money and how much. The max­ ents of children nobody wanted. difficulties of making the· necessary "case imum grant is $250 and there is obviously The three couples, one from Pennsylvania, studies" prove sometimes insuperable. not enough money to give every eligible two from Virginia, had persevered, and in­ The three couples say they are not so spe­ person or family that amount. The eli­ sisted on taking children the professionals cial· in their desire for "special needs chil­ gible elderly in Arkansas are estimated to regarded as unadoptable, children whose dren." Cranston's bill would make it possible April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10871 to prove it. The lack of administration sup­ Following Mayor Bradley's election, the effectiveness of the solutions sug­ port for his bill does not deter him. HEW Bruce Corwin was appointed a member wants to delay any actim. until it has com­ gested to this problem. pleted its welfare reform study. of the mayor's Blue Ribbon Committee We will be hearing testimony from But Cranston.believes that if people want of 40. He was also appointed to the Los the administration, manpower experts of to be saints, the federal government should Angeles City Fire Commission and was national stature, representatives of State not only allow it but actively encourage subsequently elected president of that and local government, public interest them. The way it is now, the hard-to-place commission, serving for two terms. The groups, and community-based organiza­ are shuffled around indefinitely. achievement of which he is most proud, tions concerned with employment and "That only aggravates their problems, as president of the :fire commission, was training matters. doesn't it?" asked comml.ttee member Don the increasing of paramedic ambulances Riegle, D-Mich. The answer is yes, and no- It is the intention of the Subcommit­ body disputes it. • in the city from 7 in 1973 to 35 in tee on Employment Opportunities to act 1976, giving Los Angeles the largest fleet expeditiously on this proposal in order of paramedic ambulances in the world. that young people may be enrolled at He now serves on the Los Angeles County the earliest possible date. TRIBUTE TO BRUCE CORWIN Paramedic Commission, to coordinate the program throughout the county. Bruce has chaired fund drives for the theatrical HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN division of the United Jewish Welfare ANTARCTIC CRIMINAL Fund since 1972, and also occupies the LEGISLATION OF CALIFORNIA Western U.S. cochairmanship of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES movie industry's annual Will Rogers Hos­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 pital Fund. HON. DALE MILFORD Bruce Corwin is also a political activist. Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, Bruce OF TEXAS He hela a top leadership post in the Car­ Corwin, whom I am proud to call my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES friend, and whom California is proud to ter for President campaign in California, have as a citizen, will be honored as ·Man and served as a delegate to the 1976 Wednesctay, April 6, 1977 of the Year by the Brotherhood of Tem­ Democratic National Convention. He has Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, today I ple Israel of Hollywood at a dinner on been a campaigner for innumerable am mtroducing legislation to amend title April 27, 1977. Democratic candidates at every level 18 of the United States Code to include It is difficult to enumerate all of the from local to national office, and is the offenses committed in Antarctica by U.S. accomplishments that this young man of newly elected southern California chair­ nati~nals and certain foreign nationals. man of the Democratic State Central 37 already has to his credit. Bruce was Committee. · Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Sci­ born and reared in Los Angeles. At 12, ence and Technology, on which I serve, Bruce was president of the student body Bruce and his wife, Toni, an alumna has long been concerned about the lack at John Burroughs Junior High School. of USLA, have two sons, David 8, and of legislation dealing with criminal con­ At 17, Bruce served as presi~ent of the Daniel 5. The Corwin family deserves the duct in Antarctica. Los Angeles High School student body. gratitude and admiration of the country This concern arises from the commit­ Continuing this pattern of leadership, at large. I ask the Members to join me tee's jurisdiction over the National Sci­ Bruce held the presidency of his senior· in recognizing the many contributions ence Foundation-the civilian organiza­ made by Bruce Corwin to his community class at Wesleyan University in Con­ and for fellow human beings. tion most heavily involved in Antarctic necticut. In 1974, he completed a 3-year exploration. term on the board of trustees of Wes­ Presently, the United States has :five leyan University, the youngest trustee year-round statio~ on the Antarctic every named to the board in the 144-year YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND TRAIN­ Continent with a summer population of history of that distinguished institution. ING ACT OF 1977 about 3,000 persons and a winter popula­ Bruce also became the youngest presi­ tion of about 300. In addition, 10 other dent of Temple Israel of Hollywood in its countries maintain another 25 stations 50-year existence, serving with distinc­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS supporting another 1,000 people in the tion for two terms in 1973 .and 1974. OF CALIFORNIA summer and 400 in the winter. At the age of 30, Bruce Corwin suc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Aircraft, traxcavators, underground ceeded to the presidency of Metropolitan stations, and other modern devices-in­ Theatres Corp., the third generation of Wednesday, April 6, 1977 cluding a nuclear reactor-have replaced his family to be involved in the theater Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I rise sled dogs and puptents. business. He is also president of the Na­ today to introduce legislation prepared It is obvious that the various nations tional Association of Theater Owners of by the administration along the lines are in Antarctica not only to stay, but to California, and of the Spanish Pictures of President Carter's message on youth multiply their efforts. Exhibitors Association. employment. I am joined in this effort With the increase in population, as Despite Bruce's heavy business respon­ by the distinguished chairmp.n of the well as improvements in safety and com­ sibilities, his concern has always been Committee on Education and Labor the fort to Antarctic life, comes the attend­ with people and their needs. After the Honorable CARL PERKINS. , ant increase in social interrelationships. disastrous Watts riots in Los Angeles he, This legislation has three parts. The Whether we wish to or not, we must along with-then-Councilman Tom· first part would establish a National face up to some of the grimmer implica­ Bradley, brought into existence "People, Young Adult Conservation Corps slmi­ tions of such increased interrelation­ Incorporated" to give the residents of lar to the YACC Act which passed the ships. Watts a low-cost movie theater and en­ House last session. The second part Under ekisting conditions, it is very tertainment center. He was cochairman would establish a community service Jobs doubtful that American civilians com­ of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, an program primarily for urban areas. The mitting a crime on Antarctica are cov­ intern and later chairman of the board third part would initiate comprehensive ered by U.S. criminal law. However, such of trustees of the COro Foundation, a employment and training programs a person would still enjoy his constitu­ nonprofit public affairs group. As a mem­ targeted to low-income, unemployed tional guarantee of due process of law. ber of the executive committee of the youth, including innovative programs. Thus, a person who commits arson, as­ Variety Boys Club of East Los Angeles, The Subcommittee on Employment sault and battery, or even homicide, may Bruce has been instrumental in helping Opportunities will consider this measure not be technically criminal; even worse, the club award annual scholarships to along with the various youth employ­ restraining such a person who commits nine young men to :finance their first year ment and training proposals currently such an act may constitute a violation in college. The Spanish Pictures Exhibit­ before the subcommittee. The subcom­ of his right to due process of law and ors Association, under Bruce Corwin's mittee intends to continue our series of grounds for a tort action for assault, leadership, also !l}aintains a scholarship hearings on these various proposals in false imprisonment, or false arrest. fund for meritorious young men of Mexi­ order to obtain information on the scope Legislation is needed to clear up this can-American heritage. of the youth unemployment problem and ambiguity, to help deter possible criml- OXXIII-68~Part 9 10872 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977. nal conduct, and to permit the orderly I am told that this is the only institu­ spiration to all of us who knew and loved handling of such inc~dents that may tion of its kind in the Southeast and I him. arise. am confident that those in the law en­ Everything about this new facility is Mr. Speaker, this is the purpose of the forcement profession will hear more of remarkable. Not only will it make a tre­ legislation I am introducing today. its work in the days to come. It is my mendous contribution tB the area it This legislation amends chapter 1 of hope that this good work can be dupli­ serves, but in a larger sense its contribu­ title 18, United States Code, by adding cated elsewhere as a valuable tool in com­ tions will be in demonstrating what can a new section, section 16, dealing with batting the horrendous rise in the rate of be done. offenses committed in Antarctica by crime in these lJnited States. To all those who have played a part U.S. nationals and certain foreign na­ Most law enforcement centers do not in establishing the center I express my tionals. have the capability, equipment or prop­ congratulations. To all those interested The legislation makes punishable as a erty to carry out the program which is in law enforcement education, I call your crime any offense· committed in Antarc­ envisioned for this facility. Most ha,,e attention to this new concept and facil­ tica by a U.S. national, a foreign national not had the dedication and drive of those ity. ·It is my hope that it is the fore­ who is a member of a U.S. expedition, or who have made all of this possible runner of many more. If so, it will sur­ a foreign national with respect to the through a series of legislative acts, land pass all of the dreams of so many who person or property of a U.S. national, swaps, and an upheaval of plans that have worked so hard to make it a reality. member of a U.S. expedition, or the U.S. started with a modest dream and re­ Government. sulted in a new classroom center and a In recognition of provisions of interna­ sophisticated firing range. tional law, the legislation does not apply The academy is to draw r~cruits from JAMAICA FALLING TO CASTRO'S to persons exempt from U.S. jurisdiction a six county area, including local, county SUBVERSION under the Antarctic Treaty or to any and municipal law enforcement officers. foreign national over whom jurisdiction In addition to the police standards and has been asserted by his state of na­ training commission recruit course, spe­ HON. LARRY McDONALD tionality. cialized and advanced training will be OF GEORGIA Mr. Speaker, this legislation is very offered to officials throughout the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES similar to legislation that was introduced along with courses for civilians. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 in previous Congresses-H.R. 10548 and It is a remarkable facility consisting its predecessor H.R. 5248. of a 15,000-square-foot building equipped Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in re­ However, I feel that it is a significant with four large classrooms, laboratories, cent weeks there has been increasing improvement upan these former bills. library, and dark room. speculation about the possibility of es­ The legislation I am introducing today One classroom is outfitted as a motel tablishment of diplomatic and trade re­ is the result of input and refinements of room to simulate crime scenes enabling lations between the United States and the Congressional Research Service, the instructors to place students in an active the Castro regime in Cuba. One of the State Department, the Justice Depart­ situation, rather than using a podium claims made by supporters of such a ment, and the National Science Founda­ to teach investigation techniques. move is that the Cuban Communists tion. Officials of the facility are excited have long ceased to expert revolution in All have unofficially agreed that this is about the concept for its firing range. It the Western Hemisphere. This is totally the legislation needed to protect our peo­ provides not only the conventional range, misleading and contrary to the experi­ ple in Antarctica. but also. two pistol or defensive training ence of many nations in Latin America I commend it to my colleagues and ranges. and the Caribbean. Even in our own hope that the House will act expedi­ I am told that it will enable fire-don't­ country, the Cubans have supplied train­ tiously in its consideration of this legis­ fire situations where an officer is con­ ing and other S\lPPDrt for the Weather lation. fronted with a man with a gun or a Underground, the Puerto Rican FALN, I am pleased that Mr. TEAGUE, chair­ woman with a baby situation to test the and other terrorist groups. man of the Committee on Science and response. Castro has also targeted the English­ Technology, has joined me in.sponsoring If you will pardon a very personal ref­ speaking countries of the Caribbean and this legii:;lation. ' erence, the center recognizes one of the Central America. The government of finest men I have ever known and in Prime Minister Michael Manley of Ja­ whose honor the library at the academy maica has veered sharply to the left and has become alined with the Cuban LAW ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION is named. He was the late Frank Stouta­ mire whose family gave $25,000 to Lively Communists. Manley has declared a CENTER NEAR TALLAHASSEE IS "state of emergency," and jailed and oth­ MODEL FOR NATION for law enforcement training. In so do­ ing, it was in keeping with the m!\,n and erwise harassed the leaders of the OPPo­ his beliefs. site Jamaican Labour Party. This has given rise to the fear that Manley may HON. DON FUQUA Frank Stoutamire served 35 years in be planning an Allende-style "auto­ OF FLORIDA the Leon County' sheriff's office, 6% as coup.'' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a deputy, and 28% as sheriff. That would During 1976, prior to the elections, have been enough of a contribution for Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Manley received considerable suppart anyone but upon his retirement, he was from U.S. Castroite media figures such Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, a bold and prevailed upon to take over the Talla­ as Daniel Schechter of '.Boston and ad­ innovative concept in educational train­ hassee Police Department as its chief. mitted propagandist Saul Landau, suc­ ing of law enforcement personnel has For the next 15 years he served in that cessor to Orlando Letelier as director of opened in my district and I •am proud office, again a model of administration the Institute for Policy. A special attrac­ to call this fact to the attention of the for his fellow law enforcement officers. tion for the Manley circus was an ap­ law enforcement profession and to the His 50 years of service are not only a pearance by CIA turncoat Philip Agee Congress. landmark in law enforcement for its who had stopped off in Moscow passibly It is the.Lively Law Enforcement Edu­ length but for its quality. Frank Sto.uta­ to obtain "research" materials. cation Center and Frank Stoutamire Law mire was a leader who inspired. It was The distinguished journalist and com­ Library, located 13 miles west of Talla­ never by force nor intimidation, but by mentator M. Stanton Evans has written hassee, Florida's capital city, in a rolling a highly perceptive analysis of the politi­ field and wood in Gadsden County. example and inspiration, that he led and cal degeneration of Jamaica and its rush The center is a division of the Lively became a legend in law enforcement in toward communism. As Mr. Evans has Vocational Technical School in Talla­ his own time. pointed out in his Human Events article, hassee. The first classes were held in Might I add that I am one of those while .America's attention has been January of this year. Courses are offered who he inspired to do just a little better, turned toward the Middle East, Africa to prepare a person to work in law en­ to try a little harder, to contribute a little and Europe, "a Red wind is rising in forcement as a sworn officer, as well as more. He was a remarkable person, a Jamaica." programs in specialized and advanced beloved friend, a loving father and fam­ I commend Mr. Eyans' article to the areas. ily man, an~ will always live as an in- urgent attention of my colleagues. April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10873 RED WIND IN JAll!AICA per cent on $12,500 of annual income), a SOME POLITICAL LETTERS SAID Possmn.Y (By M. Stanton Evans) money-losing ·Jamaican airline, rent roll­ JUNKED ·While the attention of American diplomats backs, price controls, harassment of build­ Portland Postmaster Benjamin Luscher is focused on problems in far-off Africa, the ers, landlords and professionals and what told The Oregonian Thursday that as much • United States has massive trouble brewing in amounts to a program of land confiscation. as 2 percent of properly addressed and deliv­ its own back yard. The predictable result of this activity is erable political mail could have been To wit: The island nation of Jamaica, sit­ that Jamaica is experiencing serious eco­ destroyed by postal officials at the time of ting athwart the sea lanes to the Panama nomic problems. Skilled professionals are last November's general election in Oregon. Canal, is rapidly being converted into a leaving the island; according to one estimate, Several polltical candidates have com­ Marxist police state. Given its commanding a.s many as one-third of the doctors, one­ plained that some of their mailings were de­ posture in the Caribbean, and its key im­ ha.lf of the lawyers, and a majority of inde­ stroyed as undeliverable mail, even though portance as a source of bauxite and alumi­ pendent entrepreneurs have left. Foreign they were properly addressed. num, a pro-Communist Jamaica would pose capital is understandably reluctant to come Until Thursday, Luscher and other postal e. major strategic danger to the United States. in, and tourism, scared off by the increasing offi'cials had contended that they could find The facts are slow in penetrating the violence, has dropped off to perhaps a quarter no instances in which deliverable third-class American media, but those available so far of its previous level. mail had been destroyed. Luscher attributed suggest Prime Minister Michael Manley is As almost always occurs in such situations, most of the undelivered mail to outdated following, almost to the letter, the course Manley blames his problems not on his own malling addresses, mailings to apartment pursued by Salvador Allende in Chile. And policies, but on the American CIA, thereby houses without listing apartment numbers or Manley makes no secret of the fact that his using his self-created emergency to push mailings to homes from which former occu­ poiltical model is the Communist state di­ the country even further into Marxism. As pants had moved. rectly to the north in CUba. he put it to Izvestia, "imperialism bears the But Thursday, he told The Oregonian: "We Jamaica. by all accounts is swarming with ma.in guilt for all the economic difficulties, knew that we had a small error rate of about Cuban operatives, as many as 3,000 by one for the exploitation and suppression and 2 per cent, and we knew there was some of estimate. Many of these are members of the robbery of natural resources of Jamaica and this type of mall (third-class and political Cuban secret police, engaged in training other developing countries, and this is pre­ mall) going to our waste .... A few pieces Marxist cadres in Jamaica. In addition, sev­ cisely why we are speaking out for a new slipped through our quality control. But this eral hundred Soviet "advisers" are present on world order.... " is nothing unique to Portland." the island. A triangular exchange of students In short: While we direct our energies else­ He said the Postal Service's quality control is reportedly occurring among Jamaica, Cuba where, a Red wind is rising in Jamaica. system has been greatly improved since the and the Soviet Union, and Jamaican intelli­ 1976 general election period. "Now the opera­ gence types are being trained in Cuba and tion is just about 99.99 per cent pure." Guyana. On a Channel 2 television newcast Thurs­ As Arnaud de Borchgrave reports in a re­ CAMPAIGN MAIL DISCARDED day night, Luscher told reporter Dean Jones: cent Newsweek, Manley's electoral power de­ "I'd known for at lea.st six months when rives in part from "the direct support of this started that we had a real problem, and Cuba's secret service, the Direcci6n General I didn't realize prior to that it was such a de Intelligencia (DGI) .... Cuba has the big­ HON. LES AuCOIN high percentage rate of mall. But since then, gest embassy in town, and two-thirds of its OF OREGON we have expanded our quality control and staff are said to be DGI agents. Cuban air­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we have reduced this to practically nothing." liners shuttle in and out at all hours, load­ At the time of the general election mail ing and unloading crates and people with no Wednesday, April 6, 1977 problem, Jones scrounged one of the mail questions asked and no records kept." Mr. AuCOIN. Mr. Speaker, I believe it dumps. He said of the 1,000 pieces of third­ Manley fl.a.unts his Marxist sympathies, ap­ class mail he retrieved, 100 of the pieces parently stemming from a meeting with would be safe to guess that every Mem­ ber of this body has heard from his con­ proved to be properly addressed and Castro back in 1975. During an interview deliverable. with Izvestia, Manley praised the Soviets for stituents about problems with their mail Jones added he has since been informed their "rich experience in building a new so­ service. My own constituents write and by Jim Finch, assistant postmaster general, ciety," talked 'of selling aluminum and baux­ call frequently-and · more than 5,000 that as much as 5 per cent of destroyed third­ ite to East European Communists, and said residents of Beaverton, Oreg., once sent class mall in Portland may have been prop­ "we are actively supporting the national erly addressed and deliverable. liberation movement of the African people me a petition to protest plans of the a.nd fully approve of the fraternal aid of Postal Service for downgrading their friendly Cuba to the Angolan people." post office. According to Jamaican refugees, internal Among the complaints made against opposition to Manley's People's National the Postal Service in my district were HEROES OF THE MOVEMENT party is being systematically rooted out or those alleging that third-class campaign silenced by a variety of strong-arm tech­ mail was discarded last fall even though niques. An emergency order is in effect that it proved-uppn recovery from a trash permits detention of troublesome opponents, HON. DON YOUNG and some 500 of these, including many lead­ heap-to have been adequately ad­ OF ALASKA ing backers of the opposition party, are now dressed. IN THE HOUSE OF RE:l>RESENTATIVES in jail. In addition, the refugees tell of The Postal Inspection Service ma9e a mounting vandalism and violence, gerry­ thorough investigation but concluded the Wednesday, April 6, 1977 mandering of electoral districts, and efforts "trashing" of deliverable mail was all Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, to control the Jamaican media. inadvertent, and the problem was min- today, I would like to submit for the These tactics helped Manley win 48 of iscule. . RECORD an article recently published in 60 sea.ts in the Jamaican parliament last Now, however, the postal district man­ the Wall Street Journal about the in­ December, and he has proceeded since then to consolldate increasing power in his own ager for Portland reveals that he did, creasingly high cost of environmental hands. In a particularly Allende-like move, indeed, have a problem, and that cam­ protection to the working people of this • he is organizing a "people's militia" that wlll paign mail was, indeed, discarded. This Nation. Although the need to protect· outnumber the Jamaican regular army and is troubling, inasmuch as some local elec­ our quality of life in the physical en­ police forces put together. Also, Jamaicans tions were so close that they could have vironment is certainly great, there is also trained by Cuban intelllgence are being de­ been decided by the presence-or ab­ an important responsibility to improve ployed to "politicize" the uniformed serv­ sence-of mailed campaign literature. the economic and social well-being of ices in Manley's behalf. Mr. Speaker, I would like to share our people. As shown in this article, True to the Marxist model, Manley's gov­ ernment has been working steadily to take with my colleagues in the U.S. House projects are being delayed and canceled control of economic life as well. U.S. alumi­ of Representatives a news story from the on questionable environmental grounds num companies operating in Jamaica. will Oregonian, published April 1, 1977, in while our unemployment increases and henceforth be 51 per cent controlled by the Portland, Oreg., which I believe demon­ production declines. As Alaska's Repre­ government, the banks are in process of strates how seriously we must review; sentative in Congress, and the Repre­ being nationalized, smaller private .businesses this year, the operation and management sentative of the people of Homer, Alaska, are also being taken over. People travelling of the U.S. Postal Service. While cbrrec­ I again call for the need to strike a out of the country a.re not permitted to take tions are said to have been made in Port­ balance between environmental protec­ more than $50 with them. · All of this comes on top of disruptive land, we should pay heed to the district tion and the production so important to economic measures recounted on these pages manager's comment that discarding of our survival as a nation. I urge my col­ a year ago (Judge Wanniski, "Dismantling deliverable mail "is nothing unique to leagues to carefully consider th~ article an Island Paradise," Human Events, March Portland." · and join with me in the effort to reach 20, 1976). These include punitive taxes (60 The article follows: this balance: 10874 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 [From the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 22, 1977] worry about our 3 million-plus young is intended to provide. The b111 afforded fur­ HEROES OF THE MOVEMENT people who are unable to find jobs, the ther protection against abuse by placing reg­ ulatory authority in the Secretary of Labt>r, Jack B. Weinstein, a federal district judge Subcommittee on Labor Standards is should it be needed. in Brooklyn, decided last week that there moving to increase the minimum wage. We believe that the enhancement of youth hasn't been enough environmental paper­ Whatever good may be said of the mini­ opportunity through the modification of the work-only 4,043 pages-on the sale of fe,d­ mum wage, we need only to look at sta­ minimum wage law should not be a partisan eral on and gas leases off New Jersey last tistics to see that as the minimum wage political matter, and were therefore pleased August. So he voided the $1.1 b1llion deal. to hear that sympathetic interes~ was ex­ A few days before, Interior Secretary goes up so does unemployment among teenagers and young adults. ' pressed at the hearing by members from Cecil Andrus, an Idaho environmentalist, both sides of the aisle. We would hope that c.anceled the sale, scheduled for tomorrow, of We can also look around us. Seldom the Subcommittee could accept this proposed oil and gas leases in the lower Cook Inlet o:f do we find young people bagging our gro­ change as an amendment to H.R. 3744 when Alaska. He plans an environmental .,..nd ceries. When we go shopping or out to it is reported to the full House of Repre­ geological "review" o:f this and flve other eat we wait to be served; and getting our sentatives. lease sales scheduled by the previous ad­ pre~criptions or our groceries delivered Yours most sincerely, ministration. to our homes is a part of the past. These ------. If we go back a little further, there is the Executive Director. injunction granted against completion of a jobs-jobs that give people a chance to $116 ·million TVA hydroelectric project on get experience and to learn good work the Little Tennessee River by a federal judge habits-are simply disappearing. in Cincinnati on grounds that it threatened What we need to slow this disappear­ THE PART-TIME CAREER a little fish called the Tennessee snail ance of jobs is a two-tiered minimum 'OPPORTUNITY ACT darter. wage, one for those who have worked and And before that there was the $2 billion another, lower level for the young and Seabrook nuclear power project in New Hampshire, first approved by th~ government inexperienced. Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke and then held up by an EPA man in Boston An organization whose prime concern OF CALIFORNIA over some implied threat to clam larvae, and is the youth of our Nation· endorses this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES still pending in Washington. concept. Mr. Speaker, I urge our col­ Then there was the proposed $700 m1llion leagues to read the following letter from Wednesday, April 6, 1977 Dickey-Lincoln hydroelectric project on the National Association of Secondary Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ Maine's Upper St. John River, stalled by a School Principals, urging that Congress er, today· I am reintroducing legislation controversy over environmentalist claims establish an apprentice wage for young that it would threaten 30 specimens of a which will significantly increase the people: employment opportunities in the de­ plant called the Furbish lousewort. And be­ NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF fore that, Appalachian Power's proposed New SECONDaRY ScHOOL PRINCIPALS, partments and agencies of the Federal River hydroelectric project in Vir!zinia and Reston, Va., March 14, 1977. Government for those persons who are North Carolina, was scotched when the U.S. Hon. JOHN.ERLENBORN, unable to work the standard 40-hour declared the river a "wilderness" area. Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee workweek such as women with young Then there are those oil shale projects in on Labor Standards, House of Repre­ children, students, the handicapped and Utah and Colorado. They may not have sentatives, Washington, D.C. retired persons. panned out economically, but it wlll be DEAR CONGRESSMAN ERLENBORN: We were some time before we know for sure, because very interested to read of the Subcommit­ T):le Part-Time Career Opportunity they too are stalled on environmental tee's recent hearing on H.R. 3744, at which Act will encourage agencies of the Fed­ grounds. Finally, there was that famous Kai­ the suggestion was reportedly made to make eral Government to make available part­ parowits coal fired electric plant in Utah, certain exceptions from the minimum wage time PoSitions in responsible positions scrapped last year by the utilities that had requirements concerning youth employment. up and down the career.. ladder and proposed to build it. During the 13 years the As the largest organization of educational across the spectrum of Federal agencies. project was being considered, estimated administrators, NASSP is vitally concerned At the heart of my legislation is the costs increased sevenfold to a prohibitive $3.5 with the improvement of the economic wel­ b1llion and the utilities spent $5 milllon on fare of youth, and particularly with provi­ requirement that, except where an paperwork alone. In that case, it was the sion of an orderly transition from youth to agency can show that converting posi­ black-footed ferret, the kangaroo rat and adulthood. Accordingly, while we understand tions to part time would either impair several other species in the vicinity of the and accept the purposes of the minimum its efficiency or adversely affect current project that supposedly would have been· wage law, we believe the time has come to full-time employees, pa'rt-time positions threatened. make some exceptions to that law if our in each agency be increased to 10 per­ The ideas that man should never again dis­ young people are to•be able to find entry cent within 5 years. This would be ac­ turb the environment for his economic ends, into many parts of the world of work. complished by providing a 5-year phase­ that after eons evolution shall end and even As long ago as 1973 the Pa"nel on Youth of in period during which 2 percent of Fed­ the most insignificant species shall never the President's Science Advisory Committee again vanish, that nothing shall go forward recommended that a careful review be con­ eral jobs would be restructured each until the most remote danger to the environ­ ducted of the occupational restrictions and year by attrition until a maximum of 10 ment is resolved through an endless judicial administrative proc~ure designed to protect percent is reached. process, are responsible for the billlons in youth from adult exploitation. The panel Part-time working opPortunities in economic losses represented in the above the·n went on to specifically recommend that the Federal Government are now few in projects. It may be time to ask if that ls there be broad exp_er1mentat1on with a dual truly a rational way to address the future. minimum wage, lower 'for youth than for number and limited mostly to low-level It is certainly time to &.sk whe~her anyone adult workers. positions. At the same time, the demand • ,can honestly believe that the energy short- we are aware that current regulations ad­ for such opportunity has grown rapidly. . :ages now besetting the nation are the result ministering the minimum wage law provide Between 1963 and 1972, the number of ,of a lack of natural resources. And time to for payment of a reduced wage to student people working part time grew from 7.8 -ask whether the heroes at the environmen­ employees participating in a formal coop­ million to 12.6 million. A major New talist movement--the men and women who erative education program. Nevertheless, we York placement agency reported that it blithely damage the future prospects for feel that this is not enough. Many young mlllions of American workers and their receives "five times as many responses people are unable to participate in such pro­ for a part-time job as for a comparable families on dubious grounds-are as heroic grams. The high unemployment rates for as their admirers think. youth, and particularly urban youth, are full-time job" and that "for many jobs, clear evidence of the need to do more to the best people on the market are people bridge the gap between school and work. · who want to work part time." As the de­ YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE MINIMUM We would recommend serious considera­ mand for part-time employment grows, WAGE . tion by the Subcommittee of Title V of S. the Federal Government will lose access 3784 introduced in the last session of the to a significant source of talent if it fails 94th 9ongress as a means of meeting this to promote flexible hours scheduling. HON. JOHN N. E~LENBORN problem. The b111 provided for a reduced By helping to end the discrimination OF ILLINOIS minimum wage for young people, but lim­ impo·sed by the basic pattern of working ited its application to those who are in their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES first six months of full-time employment, or hours in our society, my. bill would also .Wednesday, April 6, 1977 - who a.re stlll full-time students. These lim­ benefit working parents, particularly itations should meet the concerns of those working mothers, men and women ap­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, as we who might otherwise fear that the change proaching retirement age, students and in Congress and the people we ·represent in the law would weaken the protections it the handicapped whose special needs April 6, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10875 may preclude them from working the as a model for private industry and other develop greater awareness of our food standard workweek. public employers. My Part-Time Career supply. Fresh healthy food must be avail­ By increasing the available quantity Opportunity Act would do this and more; able, ingredient and storage data evident, of part-time positions, the Government it would help lead the way in opening up and nutrition information listed, so that will expand its access to segments of the the work force at all levels to groups that Americans can improve their diets and work force now beyond its reach. Married are presently excluded. thus, their health. I urge you to vote for women with children, many of whom the Consumer Food Labeling Act which hold impressive professional credentials, provides these necessary services. could qualify for part-time Federal em­ SUPPORT THE CONSUMER FOOD ployment. Many highly experienced, ex­ LABELING ACT pensively trained civil servants ap­ OPPOSITION TO H.R. 3199 proaching their final years of Govern­ ment service would choose to stay on in HON. JOE MOA'KLEY a less than full-time capacity rather OF MASSACHUSETTS HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. than retire early. By providing employ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MARYLAND ment opportunity to people continuing Wednesday, April 6, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their edUCftion, the Government would gain increased access to new ideas as Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977 they evolve in the various academic dis­ sumer Food Labeling Act performs an Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, I did not ciplines. important service for all Americans, by vote for H.R. 3199. I feel that we could There have already been a number of letting our consumers know exactly what have streamlined the process of getting successful experiments with programs they are eating and exactly how they money to the States without sacrificing to provide part-time work opportunities should care for the foods they buy. This our environmental quality. Specifically, at professional levels in the Atomic En­ bill, which requires labeling foods to dis­ I am referring to the removal of the Army ergy Commission, the Veterans' Adminis­ close all ingredients, nutritional content, Corps of Engineers as the regulator of tration and the Department of Health, accurate weight data, storage informa­ the Nation's waterways. Without proper Edqcation, and Welfare. A study by Mar­ tion, true manufacturer-packer-dis­ safeguards, I feel we have left the inland garet A. Howell and Marjorie G. Gins­ tributor identity, uniform product grad­ waterways open to environmental abuse berg entitled, "Evaluation of the Depart­ ing, unit prices, and ingredient changes and degradation. These inland wetlands ment of Health, Education, and Wel­ and to bar misleading brand names is an comprise 80 percent of all of the fare," published in the February 1973 integrated set of rules which leads to Nation's wetlands and are havens for issue of Public Personnel Management, complete public information on the con­ wildlife. While some States protect these assessed the effectiveness of the HEW tent of food products. wetlands very well, others would allow part-time program for professionals on The benefits of such labeling informa­ for the destruction of wetlands, destruc­ th~ basis of the opinions of supervisors. tion are muUiple. First of all, those tion that is abhorrent to me. Some of the key :findings are as follows: Americans with allergies, dietary prob­ I feel that if the House version of water First, 77 percent of the supervisors lems, religious or personal food prefer­ pollution control amendments are ac­ found no difficulty or slight difficulty in ences can avoid those food products cepted, the original intent of the 1972 act terms of availability for conferences or which they find harmful. Second, the may well be lost, and it will be much more consultations; requirement for dating perishable foods difficult to make our waterways clean in Second, 86 percent of supervisors and listing optimal storage procedures the future. It is my hope that some of the thought many jobs could be part time; for them, insures that the consumer buys amendments offered unsuccessfully in and fresh food and stores it properly. More­ the House will be adopted in conference. Third, 100 percent felt women could over, the requirements for printing handle high-level policymaking jobs weight data, uniform grading informa­ and should be given the opportunity for tion, and ingredient changes combine such jobs. with the perishable food precautions to SEEKS RELIEF FOR LOW-INCO:ME Current full-time employees need not advance further our national concern for ELDERLY AND VETERANS feel threatened by my bill. It provides improving our food supply. Finally, the several explicit prohibitions against the manufacturer-packer-distributor iden­ creation of part-time work opportunities tity requirement and the ban on mis­ HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE at the expense of full-time employees. leading brand names similarly encourage OF OHIO First, the bill specifically prohibits the a responsible attitude toward providing IN THE HOUSE OF REJ;>RESENTATIVES creation of part-time jobs where it would our consumers with healthy, fresh food. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 be necessary to force full-time employees The information we wish to make into a position of choosing either to work available to the consumer through label­ Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, today part time or not at all. • I am introducing two bills designed to ing is not, however, geared solely to­ grant relief to the low-income elderly of Second, it provides for a gradual ward inducing a greater sense of re­ this Nation. These are the people who phase-in of part-time jobs at the rate of sponsibility within the producers of our have contributed so much to this Na­ 2 percent per year for 5 years. The part­ food supply. It is also directed toward tion, but now must live in poverty due to time employment now extant in the civil the consumers. Science tells us that to be unfair laws. service will count toward the percentage healthy and alert, we need a nutrition­ One of these inequitable laws concerns targets and annual attrition is more than ally balanced diet. Through research, it the limit imposed on social security re­ sufficient to permit the adaptation of has become increasingly evident that the cipients for earning outside income. By full-time positions to part-time positions links between good food and disease-pre­ doing this, we not only place our citizens with no loss of employment by those em­ vention, emotional stability, and a gen­ in a low-income bracket, but also essen­ ployed full-time. eral sense of physical and mental well­ tially prevent them from seeking mean .. Finally, it includes a mechanism by being, are vital ones. Nutritional educa­ ingful gainful employment. Theref ore, I which an agency can request and obtain tion, then, must be viewed as an impor­ am introducing legislation to remove the a waiver from the percentage target tant goal for the general welfare of all outside earned income limitation. when, for reasons of a major reduction in our constituents. But before we learn to Another bill I have introduced deals force, a hiring freeze or other major per­ follow sensible eating rules, we must be with an inequity in the veterans' pension sonnel action, it is not possible to attain able to gage the nutritional content of law. Most of us have heard from our the target percentage without adversely the individual foods we buy. Congress­ veteran constituents on this problem. affecting full-time employees. man ROSENTHAL'S bill specifically re­ The inequity centers around the in­ A meaningful system of part-time em­ quires such a listing, and so prepares the ability of a veteran, who is receiving a ployment in the United States would pro­ way for a more nutritionally conscious pension, to realize an increase in social vide jobs for those who are presently un­ populance. security. My bill provides that the re­ employed, would increase productivity Both sectors of the food industry, the cipient of a veterans' pension or de­ and efficiency in Government and serve producers and the consumers, need to pendency and indemnity compensation , 10876 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 will not have the amount of such pension Surface Mining Reclamation and En­ 10:00 a.m. or compensation reduced because of forcement to administer programs to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs cost-of-living increases in social security control surface coal mining operations. To continue hearings on proposed hous­ benefits. 3110 Dirksen Building ing and community development legis­ 9:30 a.m. lation with a view to reporting its The purpose of my two bills is to help fi'nal recommendations thereon to the those on low, fixed incomes, particularly Appropriations Interior Subcommittee Budget Committee by May 15. the elderly. During these trying eco­ To resume hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building nomic times, we must assure these in­ estimates for fl.seal year 1978 for the Commerce, Scienc,e, and Transportation dividuals every deserving break. Department of the Interior, to hear Consumer Subcommittee Members of Congress. To hold oversight hearings on activities 1114 Dirksen Building of the Consumer Product Safety Com­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION 10:00 a.m. mission. Appropriations 235 Russell Building HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources HON. MARTHA KE.VS To resume hearings on proposed budget Enery Research and Development Subcom­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the mittee OF KANSAS Department of Housing and Urban De­ To hold hearings on proposed budget IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES velopment and Independent Agencies, estimates for fiscal year 1978 for ERDA. Wednesday, April 6, 1977 to hear public witnesses. 1318 Dirksen Building Room to be announced Mrs. KEYS: Mr. Speaker, on Monday, Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Governmental Affairs April 4, 1977, I was unavoidably absent To hold hearings on proposed housing Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and from the House. Had I been present, ·1 and community development legisla­ Management would have voted on matters coming be­ tion with a view to reporting its final To hold hearings to review the process recommendations thereon to the by which accounting and auditing fore the House as follows: Budget Committee by May 15. practices and procedures, promulgated "Yea" on House Resolution 469, roll No. 5302 Dirksen Building or approved by the Federal Govern­ 123 the rule under which the bill, H.R. Energy and Natural Resources ment, are established. 5294, Debt Collection Practices Act, was To hold a hearing on the nominations of 6202 Dirksen Building to be considered. Joan Mariarenee Davenport, of New Judiciary Jersey, to be an Assistant Secretary of To continue hearings on S. 825, to foster the Interior, and David J. Bardin, of competition and consumer protection SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS New Jersey, to be Deputy Administra­ policies in the development of prod­ tor Federal Energy Administration. uct standards. Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed 3110 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, Environment and Public Works 2:00 p.m. calls for establishment of a system for Water Resources Subcommittee Appropriations To resume hearings on' national water State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary s.ub­ a computerized schedule of all meetings committee and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ policy in view of current drought sit­ uations. To continue hearings on proposed budg­ committees, joint committees, and com­ 4200 Dirksen· Building ,et estimates for fl.seal year 1978 for the mittees of conference. This title requires Judiciary Department of State. all such committees to notify the Office To hold hearings on S. 825, to foster S-146, Capitol of the Senate Daily Digest-designated competition and consumer protection 3:00 p.m. by the Rules Committee-of the time, policies in the development of prod­ Appropriations place, and purpose of all meetings when uct standards. HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee scheduled, and any cancellations or 2228 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ changes in meetings as they occur. APRIL 19 . et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 9:30 a.m. Department of Housing a.nd Urban As an interim procedure until the com­ Development, to hear public witnesses. puterization of this information becomes Appropriations Interior Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building operational, the Office of the Senate To resume hearings on proposed budget APP,IL 20 Daily Digest will prepare such informa­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 9:30 a.m. tion daily for printing in the Extensions Department of the Interior and Re­ Appropriations of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL lated Agencies, to hear public wit­ State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ RECORD. nesses. committee Any changes in committee scheduling 1114 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ will be indicated'by placement of an as­ Appropriations timates for fiscal year 1978 for the De­ terisk to the left of the name of the unit State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ partment of Commerce. committee 1224 Dirksen Building conducting such meetings. To hold hearings on proposed budget Environment and Public Works Meetings scheduled for Thursday, estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Water Resomtes Subcommittee April 7, 1977, may be found in the Daily Department of State. To continue hearings on the proposed Digest section of today's RECORD. 1318 Dirl{sen Building replacement of Lock and Dam 26, Al­ The schedule follows: Appropriations ton, m'. Transportation Subcommittee 4200 Dirksen Building MEETINGS SCHEDULED To resume hearings on proposed budget 10:00 a.m. APRIL 8 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Appropriations 9:00 a.ni. Federal Aviation Administration. Interior Subcommittee Governmental Affairs ' 1224 Dirks~n Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ To continue hearings on S. 826, to estab­ Commerce, Science, and Technology et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the lish a Department of Energy in the Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ Department of the Interior and re­ Federal Government to direct a. co­ mittee lated agencies, · to hear public wit­ ordinated national energy policy. To hold hearings on S. 126, to esta.blish nesses. APRIL 11 an Earthquake Hazards Reduction 1114 Dirksen Building 10 :OO a.m. Program. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Governmental Affairs 5110 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed hous­ Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency Energy and Natural Resources ing and community development leg­ To receive testimony on a. GAO study To resume hearings on S. 9, to establish islation with a view to reporting its alleging inaccurate fl.nanclal records of a. policy for the management of oil and final recommendations thereon to the the Federal flood insurance program. natural gas ifl. the Outer Continental Budget Committee by May 15. 6226 Dirksen Bu1ld1ng Shelf. 5302 Dirksen Building APRIL 18 3110 Dirksen Building ·eommerce, Science, and Transportation 8:00 a.m. Environment and Public Works Consumer Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources To resume hearings on the proposed re­ To continue oversight hearings on ac­ Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee placement of Lock and Dam 26, Alton, tivities of the Consumer Product Safe­ To mark up S. 7, to establish in the De­ Ill. ty Commission. partment of the Interior an Office of 4200 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Bullding April 6, 1977" EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10877 Energy and Natural Resources To continue oversight hearings on ac­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To consider pending calendar business. tivities of the Consumer Product Forest Service. 3110 Dirksen Building Safety Commission. 1114 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs 6110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a..m. Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency Environment and Public Works Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To receive testimony on a GAO study Subcommittee on Resource Protection Consumer Affairs Subcommittee alleging inaccurate financial records of To hold hearings on proposed legislation To hold hearings on S. 656, S. 918, and the Federal flood insurance program. authorizing funds to the States to ex­ S. 1130, to a.mend the Consumer Pro­ 6226 Dirksen Building tend the Endangered Species Act tection Act so as to prohibit abusive Joint Economic Committee through 1980. practices by independent debt col­ 4200 Dirksen Building lectors. To hold hearings to receive testimony on 5302 Dirksen Building issues the United States will present Governmental Affairs at the upcoming economic summit Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency Commerce, Science, and Transportation conference in I.,ondon on May 7. To receive testimony on a GAO study al­ Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ 6202 Dirksen Building leging inaccurate financial records of mittee Judiciary the Federal flood insurance program. To hold hearings on proposed budget 6226 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearings on S. 825, to foster Governmental Affairs Coast Guard. competition and consumer protection 5110 Dirksen Building policies in the development of prod­ Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Management Energy and Natural Resources uct standards. To resume hearings on S. 9, to establish 2228 Dirksen Bullding To continue hearings to review the proc­ esses by which accounting and audit­ a policy for the management of oil Select Small Business ing practices and procedures, promul­ and natural gas in the Outer Con­ To hold hearings on S. 872, to authorize gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ tinental Shelf. the Small Business Administration to ernment are established. 3110 Dirksen Building make grants to support the develop­ 3302 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works ment and operation of small business Joint Economic Comquttee Subcommittee on Water Resources development centers. To hold hearings to receive testimony on To hold hearings on proposed legislation 424 Russell Building issues the United States will present to authorize funds for fiscal year 1978 2:00 p.m. at the upcoming economic summit for river basin projects. Appropriations conference in London on May 7. 4200 Dirksen Building State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub- 6202 Dirksen Building Judiciary committee • 2:00 p.m. To resume hearings on S. 825, to foster To continue oversight hearings on pro­ Appropriations competition and consumer protection posed budget estimates for fiscal year State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ policies in the development of product 1978 for the Department of Commerce. committee standards. S-146, Capitol To continue hearings on proposed budget 2228 Dirksen Building APRIL 21 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the APRIL 26 9:00 a..m. EEOC, FTC, and SBA. 9:30 a.m. •Energy and Natural Resources S-146, Capitol Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation Appropriations APRTI.., 22 State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ To hold hearings on S. 658, to designate 10:00 a.m. certain lands in Oregon for inclusion committee in the National Wilderness Preserva­ Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget tion System. State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Room to be announced committee Department of Justice. Judiciary To continue hearings on proposed budget 1318 Dirksen Building Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Committee on Human Resources To hold hearings on S. 1021 and S. 1218, Federal Maritime Commission, Foreign Subcommittee on Labor to amend and extend, through fiscal Claims Settlement Commission, Inter­ To hold hearings on S. 995, to prohibit year 1980, programs under the Ju­ national Trade Commission, and the discrimination based on pregnancy or venile .Justice and Delinquency Pre­ Legal Services Corporation. related medical conditions. vention Act. • S-146, Capitol 4232 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Select Small Business 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed hous­ To hold hearings on problems of small Appropriations ing and community development legis­ busines1> as they relate to product Interior Subcommittee lation with a view to reporting its final llablllty. To continue hearings on proposed budget recommendations thereon to the 1202 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Budget Committee by May 15. Select Small Business Department of the Interior and related 5302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 972, to author­ agencies, to hear public witnesses. Energy and Natural Resources ize the Small Business Administration 1114 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget to make grants to support the devel­ Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1978 for ERDA. opment and operation of small busi­ State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ 3110 Dirksen Building ness development centers. committee Governmental Affairs 424 Russell Building To hold hearings on proposed budget Subcommittee on Governmental Efficiency 10:00 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To receive testimony on. a GAO study Appropriations Arms Control and Disarmament Agen­ alleging inaccurate financial records of Transportation Subcommittee cy, Board for International Broadcast­ the Federal flood insurance program. To resume hearings on proposed budget ing, USIA, and the Commission on 6226 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Civil Rights. Joint Economic Committee Urban Mass Transportation Adminis­ S-146, Capitol To hold hearings to receive te;,timony on tration. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs issues which the U.S. will present at 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed hous­ the upcoming economic summit con­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ing and community development leg­ ference in London on May 7. Consumer Affairs Subcommittee islation with a view to reporting its 1202 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on s. 656, S. 918, final recommendations thereon to the 2:00 p.m. and S. 1130, to amend the Consumer Budget Committee by May 15. Appropriations Protection Act so as to prohibit abu­ 5302 Dirksen Building State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary sive practices by independent debt Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on proposed budg­ collectors. To hold hearings on the nominations et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the 5302 Dirksen Building of Langhorne McCook Bond, of Illi­ Marine Mammal Commission, Rene­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation nois, to be Administrator, and Quen­ gotiation Board, and the SEC. Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ tin Saint Clair Taylor, of Maine, to be S-146, Capitol mittee Deputy Administrator both of the APRIL 25 To hold hearings to receive testimony in Federal Aviation Administration. 9:30 a.m. connection with delays and conges­ 235 Russell Building Appropriations tion occurring at U.S. airports-of­ Commerce, Science, and Transp-ortation Interior Subcommittee entry. Consumer Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget 235 Russell Building 10878 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 6, 1977 Environment and Public Works APRIL 29 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee on Water Resources 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on projects which Appropriations To consider all proposed legislation un­ may be included in proposed Water State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Sub­ der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ Resources Development Act amend­ committee porting its final r~commendations ments. To hold hearings on proposed budget thereon to the Budget Committee by 4200 Dirksen Building estimates for fisacl year 1978 for the May 15. 2:00 p.m. Judiciary and F.C.C. 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations S-146, Capitol Commerce, Science, and Transportation State, Justice, Commerce, Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation Consumer Subcommittee Consumer Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed budget To hold hearings on S. 957, designed to estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To continue hearings on S. 403, the pro­ Department of Justice. posed National Product Liability In­ promote methods by which contro­ 8-146, Capitol surance Act. versies involving consumers may be Appropriations 5110 Dirksen Building resolved. Transportation Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources 5110 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on proposed budget Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation MAY 6 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the To hold hearings on S. 1125, authorizing 10:00 a.m. National Highway Traffic Safety Ad­ the establishment of the Eleanor 'Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. ministration. Roosevelt National Histo;ric Site in To consider all proposed legislation un­ 1224 Dirksen Building Hyde Park, N.Y. 3110 Dirksen Building der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ APR!~ 27 poriting its final recommendations 9:30 a.m. MAY 3 9:00 a.m. thereon to the Budget Committee by Committee on Human Resources May 15. Subcommittee on Labor Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Housing, Insurance, and 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 995, to pro­ MAY 9 hibit discrimination based on preg­ Cemeteries nancy or related medical conditions. To hold hearin~s on S. 718, to provide 9:30 a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building veterans with certain cosj; informa­ Commerce, Scienee, and Transportation 10:00 aim. tion on conversion of government su­ Communications Subcommittee pervised insurance to individual life To hold oversight hearings on· the Appropriations insurance policies. Transportation Subcommittee . broadcasting industry, including net­ Until: 12 noon 6202 Dirksen Building work licensing, advertising, violence To continue hearings on proposed budget 10:00 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1978 for the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs on TV, etc. Urban Mass Transportation Adminis­ To hold oversight hearings on U.S. mone­ 235 Russell Building tration. tary policy. MAY 10 1224 Dirksen Building 5302· Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation Consumer Affairs Subcommittee Consumer Subcommittee Communications Subcommittee To ·continue hearings ·on s. 656, s. 918, To hold hearings on proposed legisla­ To continue oversight hearings on the and S. 1130, to amend the Consumer tion amending the Federal Trade Com­ broadcasting industry, including net­ Protection Act so as to prohibit abu­ mission Act. work, licensing, advertising, violence sive practices by independent debt 235 Russell Building on TV, etc. collectors. Energy and Natural Resources 235 Russell Building 5302 Dirksen Building Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ 10:00 a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation committee Consumer Subcommittee Appropriations To hold hearings to receive testimony on Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 403, the proposed . Federal Energy Administration price To resume hearings on proposed budget National Product Li.ability Insurance policy recommendations for Alaska Act. estimate for fiscal year 1978 for the crude oil. Federal Railroad Administration 5110 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen "Building Energy and Natural Resources (Northeast Corridor) · MAY 4 1224 Dirksen Building To consider pending caJ.enda.r business. 10:00 a.m. 3110 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations To resume oversight hearings on U.S. APRIL 28 . Transportation Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. monetary policy. To resume hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building Appropriations es·timates for fiscal year 1978 for the Governmental Affairs Transportation Subcommittee Federal Highway Administration Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 1224 Dirksen Building Management et estimates for fiscal year 1978 for Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume hearings to review the proc­ the National Highway Traffic Safety To consider all proposed legislation un­ esses by which accounting and audit­ Administration. der its jurisdiction with a view to re­ ing practices and procedures, promul­ 1224 Dirksen Building porting its final recommendation gated or approved by the Federal gov­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation thereon to the Budget Commit·tee by May 15 . . ernment, are established. Consumer Subcommittee 6202 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 403, the pro­ 5302 Dirksen Building posed National Produc·t Liability In­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation MAY 11 surance Act. Consumer Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed legis­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources latton amending the Federal Trade Communications Subcommittee Energy Research and Development Sub­ Commission Act. To continue oversight hearings on the committee 235 Russell Building bro9cdcasting industry, including net­ To resume hearings on S. 419, to test· the MAY 5 work licensing, advertising, violence commercial, environmental, and social 9:00 a.m. on TV, etc. viability of various oil-shale tech­ Veterans' Affairs 235 Russell Building nologies. Subcommittee on Housing, Insurance, and MAY 12 3110 Dirksen Building Cemeteries 10:00 a.m. Environment and Public Works To continue hearings on S. 718, to pro­ Governmental Affairs Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee vide veterans with certain cost infor­ Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and To resume hearings on proposed fiscal mation on conversion of government Management year 1978 authorizations for the Nu­ supervised insurance to individual life To continue hearings to review the proc­ clear Regulatory Commission. insurance policies. esses by which accounting and audit­ 4200 Dirksen Building Until: 12 noon 6202 Dirksen Building ing practices and procedures, promul- April 7, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 10879

gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ MAY 24 JUNE 13 ernment, are established. 10:00 a.m.· 9:30 a.m. 6202 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Commerce, Science, and Transportation · MAY 18 Management Communications Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings to review the proc­ To hold oversight hearings on the cable Appropriations esses by which accounting and audit­ TV system. Transportation Subcommittee ing practices and procedures, promul­ 235 Russell Building To hold hearings on proposed budget gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ JUNE 14 estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT, ernment, are established. 9:30 a.m. to hear Secretary of Transportation 6202 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Adams. MAY 26 Communications Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m. To continue oversight hearings on the 2:00 p.m. Governmental Affairs cable TV system. Appropriations Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Management 235 Russell Building Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings to review the proc­ 9:30 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed budget esses by which accounting and audit­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation estimates for fiscal year 1978 for DOT, ing practices and procedures, promul­ Communications Subcommittee to hear ' Secretary of Transportation gated or approved by the Federal Gov­ To continue oversight hearings on the Adams. ernment, are established. cable TV system. 1224 Dirksen Building 6202 Dirk.sen Building 235 Russell Building

SENATE-Thursday, April 7, 1977 (Legislative day of Monday, February 21, 1977) The Senate met at 2 p.m., on the Schwartz, of Pennsylvania, to be an As­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Pr~i­ expiration of the recess, and was called sistant Secretary of Housing and Urban dent, I move to reconsider the vote by to order by the Acting President pro tem­ Development. which the nominations were confirmed pore (Mr. METCALF). Mr. BAKER addressed the Chair. en bloc. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Mr. BAKER. I move to lay that motion PRAYER pore. Without objection-- on the table. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Mr. BAKER. No, Mr. President. The motion to lay on the table was L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ agreed to. prayer: pore. The Senator from Tennessee. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, O God, our Father, bless all who serve Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I sought I ask that the President be immediately in and with this body. Be with us in our recognition a moment ago to say that notified of the confirmation of the work, in our homes, in our worship, in the majority leader is correct in an­ nominations. our travels, in our dealings with our col­ nouncing that all of these nominations The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ leagues, and in our dealings with our­ on the Executive Calendar today have pore. Is there objection? The Chair hears been cleared on both sides. I am re­ none, and it is so ordered. selves. Be with us in our coming in and f erring to three nominations for the De­ in our going out. Wherever we are, what­ partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ ever we do, may we never forget Thee. LEGISLATIVE SESSION And if we should forget Thee do not for­ opment, and two nominations for the get us, for in Thee we live and move and Securities and Exchange Commission. Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ have our being. When this day is done There is no objection to their con­ dent, I ask unanimous consent that the and we depart, we pray Thee to bring us firmation on this side of the aisle. Senate return to legislative session. back strengthened to do Thy will. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ In the Redeemer's name we pray. pore. Without objection, the nomination pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. is confirmed. Amen. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that all nomi- AUTHORIZING DISTRICT COURT TO THE JOURNAL nations on the Executive Calendar be BE HELD AT CORINTH, MISS. Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. President, considered and confirmed en bloc. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Jour- The second assistant legislative clerk I ask unanimous consent that the Sen­ nal of the proceedings of yesterday, read the nomination of Donna Edna ate proceed to the consideration of Cal­ Wednesday, April 6, 1977, be approved. Shalala, of New York, to be an Assistant endar No. 68 which has been cleared on The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Secretary of Housing and Urban Devel- both sides of the aisle. w·th t b. t· ·t · d d opment; and Geno Charles Baroni, of pore. 1 ou O Jee ion, 1 is so or ere · the District of Columbia, to be an Assist- Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, there is no objection to the disposition of this mat­ , ant Secretary of Housing and Urban De­ ter by unanimous consent on this side. EXECUTIVE SESSION velopment. There being no objection, the bill (S. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ 662) to provide for holding terms of Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, pore. Without objection, the nomina­ the District Court of the United States there are various nominations on the Ex­ tions are considered and confirmed en for the Eastern Division of the Northern ecutive Calendar, I believe all of which bloc. District of Mississippi in Corinth, Miss., have been cleared on both sides of the was considered, ordered to be engrossed aisle. for a third reading, read the third time, I ask unanimous consent that the Sen­ SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION and passed, as follows: ate go into executive session to consider Be it enacted by the Senate and, House the nominations on the Executive The second assistant legislative clerk of Represent<;ttives of the Untted States of Calendar. read the nomination of Harold Marvin America in Congress assembled, 'I\hat the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Williams, of Oalifornia, to 1be a member third sentence of section 104(a) (1) of title PQre. Without objection, it is so ordered. of the Securities and Exchange Com­ 28, United States Code, is amended to read mission for the remainder of the term as follows: "Court for the eastern division shall be DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND exp~r~g June 5, 1977; and for the term · expmng June 5, 1982. held at lAberdeen, Ackermann, a.nd Corinth.''. URBAN DEVELOPMENT The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Mr. ROBERT c. BYRD. Mr. President, The second assistant legislative clerk pore. The nomination is considered and I move to reconsider the vote by which read the nomination of Harry K. confirmed. the bill was passed. CXXITI-685-Pa.rt 9