Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources 2018 International Conference on Forward- looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018 Water and Environment, Water and Security, Water and Development Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA

9 November 2018 Dr. Norlida Mohd Dom Deputy Director UNESCO Head of Coordination The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia

1 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1. BACKGROUND

2. GOVERNEMENT INITIATIVES

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT & MEASURES

4. WAY FORWARD & CHALLENGES

5. CONCLUSION

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALYSIA 2018 International Conference on Forward-looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018

The Theme Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries

(Selamat M.K, 2018) 1.BACKGROUND

4000 3640 3500 Average Annual Rainfall 2,940 mm 3310 3100 ) 3000 2470 2500 2310 2350 2420 2470 2600 2560 1880 2190 1830 1880 2000 1500 1000 Rainfall (mm Rainfall 500 0

84 total dam 79 hydro electric TOTAL State 971 BCM RAINFALL SURFACE RUNOFF 494 BCM = 51.0% GROUND WATER 63 BCM = 6.5% EVAPORATION 413 BCM = 42.5% 82% unaccounted for water usage DEMAND 20.0 BCM USABLE WATER 14 BCM Intake & storage STORAGE NET REQUIRED 6.0 BCM (RIVERS) Pengunna lur Bandar yg tiada meter activities So x cukup 6bcm masa kemarau: so kena identify the methods CLIMATE CHANGE FLASH FLOOD erived problems INTANGIBLED BY D BELOW THE ATMOSPHERE & ABOVE THE WATER SURFACE??? GLOBAL EFFECT El Niño and La Niña Years and Intensities Based on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) WATER SCARCITY WATER SURPLUS

• DROUGHT • FLOODS Malaysia LOCAL EFFECT URBAN HEAT ISLANDS

2016 1996 2015 1995 2005 2014 1982 1986 1983

Estimate Return Period for Selected Cases Source:Hendrik Wouters, 2014 5 FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)

KotaKinabalu Flood Prone Areas S.Kinabatangan KotaKinabalu SABAH WATER RESOURCES SECURITY AND LABUAN SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA S.Baram SARAWAK

S.Rejang

S.Sarawak KucingKucing S.Sadong INFRASTRUCTURE S.Sarawak • Water Resource Security Issues • Flood • Drought • Water Resource Sustainability Issues • Ecosystem sustainability • Economic sustainability Flood

Ecosystem sustainability Drought Ecosystem sustainability Economic sustainability 2. GOVERNMENTSTORMWATER INITIATIVES MANAGEMENT OLUTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT1910’ infrastructureS TO evolution2011 The earlier solution 2010’s - IHP VIII (2014- 1910’s - Lack of mandatory 2021) Water Security: service standards and Responses to Local and Global infrastructure Challenges. incorporating planning medium-term strategies 2000’s

Shorpy, 2017 - Engineering - Total water cycle 1960’s solutions to historical management - problems integrated water resource management 1980’s - Sustainable 1990’s Urban The Francis Fifth Collection Drainage 1970’s - Drainage and flood protection standards Systems introduced, Rapid disposal, Conveyance Oriented

1980’s (Hawkins Partners, Inc., 2017) 1980’s

- Treating stormwater to improve River Aire constructed in the 1930s (ResearchGate, 2017) 7 - River Restoration / rehabilitation (- Soft engineering solutions) water quality

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT & MEASURES

Due to global and local effect of CC

8 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Environment C1: RIVER CLEANING COMPONENT/STRUCTURE MEASURE

To Improve Water Quality of the rivers by year 2020 River of Life (RoL)

• 110 km of stream to be improved • 8 rivers 2018 WQI • Current progress 86% (Planning: 87%) • 76 packages 64.0 • Complete : 54 (Class III) • On Going : 122 • Implementation Period Before RoL 2011 - 2020 54.0 MINISTRY OF LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT, JAPAN; DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MALAYSIA; INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE JAPAN, 2004

River Water Purification Sg. Kemensah RoL RWTP, 2018 Experiment at Sg. Kuyoh by Pollution Source IDI Japan, 2004 80.1% STP + sewerage 3.9% Restaurant/ Food court/ Food stall 3.4% Industries

9 THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Environment

Promote, enforce, and manage river cleanliness and health erosion from urban development

ESCP, MSMA , OPS LUMPURmud operation Biomedia in Biological River Water Purification The technologies based on experiences in Japan, Korea and Singapore. River Water treatment Plants Plan Constructed Planning

• 10 • 4 SWTP • 6 SWTP SWTP • 7 RWTP • 8 RWTP • 15 (2.2km (9.6 km) RWTP pipeline) (overall 12 km pipeline)

10 THE PROBLEMTHE RESULTS STATEMENTSHOULD ALMOST : Water & Environment Reducing water quantity & quality

15 Sept 2017

PONDING , 3”

SWALE

SS about 100 – 200 mg/L During flood event

FLOOD PLAIN

SWALE

DRY POND11 A. Gani & M.K. ZainalFikry, 2017 THE PROBLEMPROBLEM STATEMENT STATEMENT: Water & Security

Friday, 15 Sep 2017 Jalan Perak (KL) inundated with flood waters.

(STAR, 2017) THE PROBLEM STATEMENT: Water & Security Water Security Issues : Drought (2014) THE PROBLEM STATEMENT : Water and Development

Landuse/ New land development in the catchment > 50 ha. New opened area in the upstream of the catchment resulted in high and rapid direct runoff

14 LAND DEVELOPMENT COMPONENT THE MEASURES • to develop potential government land along the 10.7-km River Beautification corridor to recoup the RM4.4 billion costs associated with cleaning and beautification. • Potential government lands identified and have been Water Quality to Class IIB by year frozen from sale 2020. • Providing adequate level of flood mitigation Greater City status. protection to the project area • Enhancing, rehabilitating and preserving the river and its environment compatible with the envisaged Greater Kuala Lumpur City status for the project area 15 BATU DAM KLANG GATES DAM (36.6 mcm) (25.1 mcm)

Sg. Bunus Flood Gombak River 12 Mitigation Works 11 ) Keroh River Diversion (3.375 km Kolam Diversion Kolam 15 Jaya 14 7 4 (2.2 km) Takungan 6 ‘OS’ Jinjang Kolam Takungan Sri Rampai ‘OS’ 5 Batu 6 Air Panas 7 Kolam Pulapol 10 ‘OS’ Kolam 13 9 Kolam Kg Boyan 5 Puah 4 11 Kolam Kg Berembang 8 Kolam Kg Benteng Major River (DID) SMART Bypass Tunnel - Kuala Lumpur Flood Management (KLFM) (ARI PWTC Masjid 100) Jamek (9.7 km) - Flood Ponds are maintained by : 3 2 8 Kolam Taman 9 Desa 1 12 3 JPS 12 Pond BLUE POND 2 15 Pondam DBKL 1 10 Storages Effectiveness 18 Ecohydrology ECOHYDROLOGY an interdisciplinary field studying the interactions between water and ecosystem IWRM 20 WE NEED TO MOVE on……

21 TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR HOW…

TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR TRANSFORMING THE WATER

SECTOR SECTOR THE WATER TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR SECTOR THE WATER TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR SECTOR THE WATER TRANSFORMING

TRANSFORMING SECTOR THE WATER TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR

22

Promote IWRM @ IWRM PARADIGM Ministry level

IMPLEMENTATION Departmental AND EVALUATION CROSS-FUNCTIONAL DECISIONS

SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

(SWRM) structural & non structural THINK SCIENCE, CELEBRATE TECHNOLOGY, INSPIRE INNOVATION 23 11th MALAYSIA PLAN 2016-2020 ANCHORING GROWTH ON RESILIENCE PEOPLE- INVOLVE ALL AGENCIES AND STAKEHOLDERS

STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE & NATURAL DISASTERS CLIMATE th STRENGTHENING THE ENABLING CHANGE 11 ENVIRONMENT FOR GREEN GROWTH MALAYSIA ADOPTING THE SUSTAINABLE W.RESOURCE PLAN CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION CONCEPT & 2016-2020 W.LIVELIHOOD Non structural CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES & structural FOR PRESENT & FUTURE GENERATIONS measures

24 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

KEMENTERIAN Ministry of Water, Land WILAYAH and Natural Resources (KATS) PERSEKUTUAN

Transforming the water sector Ministry of Energy, Science, into a vibrant Technology, Environment & and liveable Climate Change waterfront with (MESTECC) high economic value

Some… 25 MALAYSIA IWRM CURRENT

Flood Forecasting & Warning Project Water Resources Policy DSAN PRAB - Phase 1 launched Dec 2017: 2018 Launched on 24 Mac 2012 - Capacity Bulidings in PRABN & New - 5 Working Groups Employment ENABLING MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS Water ENVIRONMENT Bil RUU NAWABS

- Roadshow 14 States (IRBM/ILBM/IFM/ISMP/ICZM) - Sg.Muda (end of 2018) and - Cabinet approval Phase 1 by 2019 - 1st Phase 7 river basins INSTITUTIONAL National Water Resources Council SETUP MSAN

MSAN No.11 - Interbasin REBRANDING - Groundwater Exploration - Rainwater Harvesting JPS  JSA 26 Management Instruments

National Flood

Forecasting and Warning National Water Balance System (NaFFWS) Management System

-Flood forecasting model for 3 (NAWABS) major river basin - To assist the state on - To provide information of water resources impending flood situation with management. lead time of more than 2 days - To develop and provide a warning. water balance model for 5 major river basins. National Flood Forecasting and Warning System (NaFFWS)

OLD SYSTEM

RAIN/WATER/ DAY STREAMFLOW FLOOD FORECASTING FLOOD FORECASTING MODEL PREPARATION BEFORE (JPS/DID) 6 RIVER BASINS FLOOD HOUR (1981-2014) FLOOD WARNING BEFORE WEATHER FORECAST DISSEMINATION (MET MALAYSIA) FLOOD

NaFFWS SYSTEM

RIVER DAY BASINS FORECAST BEFORE DEVELOPMENT FLOOD

HOUR WARNING BEFORE FLOOD MILL. 1ST PHASE – 3 BASINS ESTIMATED COST

28 Nationl Water Balance Management System th THE COMPONENT THE SYSTEM OUTPUT 11 MP What to do 2-month prediction INTER-BASIN WATER 2-week warning TRANSFER 1st Phase GROUNDWATER WATER EXPLORATION ACCOUNTING 7 River Basins STORAGE OPTION INCREMENT AVAILABLE WATER Sg.Muda, Sg.Kedah, Dam/Resevoir FOR WATER AVAILABILITY Sg.Bernam, Sg.Melaka, RESOURCES Sg.Klang,, Sg. Kelantan, UPPER HOLISTIC WATER Sg.imilajau STORAGE PRIORITIZATION New Surface AND DEMAND SOLUTION MANAGEMENT 2nd Phase RAINWATER OPTIONS HARVESTING WATER WATER STORING AND 12 SYSTEM ALLOCATION RELEASING DURING HIGH & LOW FLOW River Basins Water reuse Sewerage WATER QUALITY (SALINITY, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND 3rd Phase DESALINATION TURBIDITY) WATER RESOURCES INDEX WATER 31 LOW HEAD (WRI) AND AUDITING DROUGHT INDEX River Basins BARRAGE (DI) PILOT PROJECT RoL River of Life (RoL) Goals: Transforming Klang and Gombak Rivers into a vibrant and liveable waterfront with high economic value

River River Beautification River Development 2011 Cleaning 2020

• Clean and improve the 110km • Masterplanning and • Cleaning and beautification stretch along the beautification works will be works will spur economic basin from current Class III-V carried out along a 10.7km investments into the areas to Class IIB by 2020 stretch along the Klang and immediately surrounding the • Covers the municipal areas Gombak river corridor river corridor of: • Significant landmarks in the • Potential government land  Selayang (MPS) area include Dataran identified and will be tendered  (MPAJ) Merdeka, Bangunan Sultan out to the private developers through competetive bidding  Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) Abdul Samad and Masjid Jamek

30 IWRM- Klang & Langat Rivers HELP BASINS (Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy) HELP is designed to change this by creating a new approach to integrated basins management. It is a problem- and demand- driven initiative that addresses five key policy An acronym for Hydrology for the Environment, Life and issues: Policy (Ted Engman, North American RCU) • Water and climate • Water and food • Water quality and human health • Water and the environment • Water and conflict A cross-cutting interdisciplinary initiative –since 1999 (IHP UNESCO)

Demonstration Evolving Operational Operational

Established in 1999, HELP is a cross-cutting programme component: it interacts with all five core themes of the programme by establishing a global network of basins to improve the links between hydrology and the needs of society RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, INNOVATION & Publications COMMERCIALISATION (R,D,I&C)(SDG 9) (Hardcopy & Digital)

Technical Reports , Manual & Proceedings

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT

UNIVERSITIY

33 FINANCIAL Journal Water Management Curricula & Customising IWRM PARTNERSHIPS-STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT (NBOS)(SDG 17)

26rd Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific (RSC), Expert Meeting on Establishment of the regional Platform on the Member 3rd-5th November 2018 States’s SETI Capacity, Jakarta, 17th-19th October 2018

3434

Korea International Water Week (KIWW 2018) at Exco, Daegu Rep of Regional Workshop: Pathway Towards Improved Water Education Curricula, 27-28 November 2017, Penang, Malaysia Korea, 12th-15th September 2018 4. WAY FORWARD

35 MANAGING DISASTER DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

36 Pathway ~AsianSUSTAINABILITY Perspective RE-ENGINEERING PROJECT

Back to fundamentals

Weather System Forecast Architecture Applied (Database & Research MoF System Management) Fund Data Filtering & Filling 2016-2020 Demand THE The Driven DID SYSTEM MEDIUM & Development LONG TERM

Instrument Institutional & Flood Memory Communication Forecasting NaWFFS Flood Warning Model PHASE 2 & Dessimination

37 KEY STRATEGIES

• Catchment and zonation in National Structure Plan • Multi-agency management attention • Proposed as stated in National Physical Plan • Management planning to synchronize with Local Areas Planning. • Endorsement by policy makers & state authority

39 POLICIES

Malaysia ‘National Physical Plan’: A Five years Strategic Planning. Some of them are as listed below: • Water Resources: National Water Resources Council (MSAN), NWRP (National Water Resources Policy), IRBM, ,IWRM, MSMA; MWP, GWP, National Land Council (MTAN), National Forestry Council and National Mineral Council; Hydrological Procedure (HP1), etc. • Environmental Sensitive Areas (ESA) Guidelines for State Land Logging Guidelines for Agriculture Development- Forestry (National Forestry Act of 1984/ 1993 ) National Slope Master Plan 2009-2023 • Local Areas Planning: Policy statements in planning and protecting green areas – ex; Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 • A strategy for integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use. • Framework for action under CBD • Endorsement by policy makers & state authority

ETC.

40 THE CHALLENGES

• IRBM based on Land use planning + storm water management manual (MSMA) + on-site flood detention is essential. Because of land constraints – options are running out. • Biggest issue on land acquisition – administrative/ cost/social/political implications

41 50 THE CHALLENGES (cont’)

• Rapid population increase • Limited potential land for development • Competing demand of land for various uses • Maintenance Cost • Living with floods

42 THE CONCLUSION

• DISASTER PREVENTION is uneven across countries; • DISASTER MANGEMENT is case specific; • POLICY change needs optimal governance; • PARTNERSHIPS are key for knowledge- building and problem solving; and • ECOHYDROLOGY is a promising customisation tool in IWRM.

43 SCIENCE TO POLICY INTERFACE

44 Acknowledgement

• Water Resources Agency, MOEA, Taiwan, R.O.C.

• National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

45 Dr. Norlida Mohd Dom The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific (HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR) No. 2, Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta, 50480 Kuala Lumpur Tel 603 20958700 Fax 603 20953366 Email : [email protected] [email protected] Web: htckl.water.gov.my FB; Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur

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