A Mini Project: Monitoring and Assessment for Water Quality of Study Area, Gombak River
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Cryptosporidium and Water
Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook 1997 WG WCWorking Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis Suggested Citation Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook. Atlanta, Georgia: Working Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis. CDCENTERS FOR DISEASEC CONTROL AND PREVENTION For additional copies of this handbook, write to: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Parasitic Diseases Mailstop F-22 4770 Buford Highway N.E. Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction 1- Coordination and Preparation 2- Epidemiologic Surveillance 3- Clinical Laboratory Testing 4- Evaluating Water Test Results Drinking Water Sources, Treatment, and Testing Environmental Sampling Methods Issuing and Rescinding a Boil Water Advisory 5- Outbreak Management Outbreak Assessment News Release Information Frequently Asked Questions Protocols for Special Audiences and Contingencies 6- Educational Information Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide for Persons With HIV and AIDS Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide for the Public Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide to Water Filters and Bottled Water 7- Recreational Water Appendix Selected Articles Key Words and Phrases Figures A-F Index Working Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis (WGWC) Daniel G. Colley and Dennis D. Juranek, Coordinators, WGWC Division of Parasitic Diseases (DPD) National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Scott A. Damon, Publications Coordinator, WGWC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Margaret Hurd, Communications Coordinator, WGWC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mary E. Bartlett, DPD Editor, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Leslie S. Parker, Visual Information Specialist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Task Forces and Other Contributors: The draft materials for this handbook were developed through the work of multiple task forces and individuals whose names appear at the beginning of each chapter/section. -
Briefing on River of Life (Rol)
Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources 2018 International Conference on Forward- looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018 Water and Environment, Water and Security, Water and Development Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA 9 November 2018 Dr. Norlida Mohd Dom Deputy Director UNESCO Head of Coordination The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia 1 PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. BACKGROUND 2. GOVERNEMENT INITIATIVES 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT & MEASURES 4. WAY FORWARD & CHALLENGES 5. CONCLUSION CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE OF DISASTER PREVENTION IN MALYSIA 2018 International Conference on Forward-looking Water Management Taipei, Taiwan, 7-9 November 2018 The Theme Strategies to Climate Change for the Water Infrastructure in New Southbound Countries (Selamat M.K, 2018) 1.BACKGROUND 4000 3640 3500 Average Annual Rainfall 2,940 mm 3310 3100 ) 3000 2470 2500 2310 2350 2420 2470 2600 2560 1880 2190 1830 1880 2000 1500 1000 Rainfall (mm Rainfall 500 0 84 total dam 79 hydro electric TOTAL State 971 BCM RAINFALL SURFACE RUNOFF 494 BCM = 51.0% GROUND WATER 63 BCM = 6.5% EVAPORATION 413 BCM = 42.5% 82% unaccounted for water usage DEMAND 20.0 BCM USABLE WATER 14 BCM Intake & storage STORAGE NET REQUIRED 6.0 BCM (RIVERS) Pengunna lur Bandar yg tiada meter activities So x cukup 6bcm masa kemarau: so kena identify the methods CLIMATE -
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Potential health effects MCL or TT1 Common sources of contaminant in Public Health Contaminant from long-term3 exposure (mg/L)2 drinking water Goal (mg/L)2 above the MCL Nervous system or blood Added to water during sewage/ Acrylamide TT4 problems; increased risk of cancer wastewater treatment zero Eye, liver, kidney, or spleen Runoff from herbicide used on row Alachlor 0.002 problems; anemia; increased risk crops zero of cancer Erosion of natural deposits of certain 15 picocuries Alpha/photon minerals that are radioactive and per Liter Increased risk of cancer emitters may emit a form of radiation known zero (pCi/L) as alpha radiation Discharge from petroleum refineries; Increase in blood cholesterol; Antimony 0.006 fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; decrease in blood sugar 0.006 solder Skin damage or problems with Erosion of natural deposits; runoff Arsenic 0.010 circulatory systems, and may have from orchards; runoff from glass & 0 increased risk of getting cancer electronics production wastes Asbestos 7 million Increased risk of developing Decay of asbestos cement in water (fibers >10 fibers per Liter benign intestinal polyps mains; erosion of natural deposits 7 MFL micrometers) (MFL) Cardiovascular system or Runoff from herbicide used on row Atrazine 0.003 reproductive problems crops 0.003 Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge Barium 2 Increase in blood pressure from metal refineries; erosion 2 of natural deposits Anemia; decrease in blood Discharge from factories; leaching Benzene -
Towards a Sustainable Landscape of Urban Parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a Study from a Management Perspective
Towards a sustainable landscape of urban parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A study from a management perspective By: Roziya Ibrahim A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Social Science in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Landscape University of Sheffield United Kingdom May 2016 ABSTRACT Kuala Lumpur’s urban parks have evolved to fulfil the needs of its multi-cultural urban communities since the conception of its first public park in the late 19th century. Nevertheless, the management and maintenance of these tropical urban parks are currently under pressure as local authorities have no longer adequate funding to maintain the existing landscape as they have to focus on addressing the impact of environmental problems; particularly frequent flooding that has been a never-ending issue facing the city. There are growing pressures on resources, especially on water supply, in response to urbanization and population growth. Nevertheless, Kuala Lumpur’s urban parks were highly dependent on potable water for landscape maintenance at a time of growing demand for this limited resource. There is a possibility that these urban parks can be managed in a more sustainable manner, which may consequently reduce their dependency on potable water resource for irrigation. They might also make a more positive contribution to managing stormwater control and increasing habitat diversity. The challenge, therefore, is to try and achieve a more sustainable, ecologically informed design and management practice without alienating park users, management, and maintenance staff. This research aims to investigate the potential of changing the design and management of Kuala Lumpur’s urban parks towards a more ecologically sustainable landscape practice. -
A Public Health Legal Guide to Safe Drinking Water
A Public Health Legal Guide to Safe Drinking Water Prepared by Alisha Duggal, Shannon Frede, and Taylor Kasky, student attorneys in the Public Health Law Clinic at the University of Maryland Carey School of Law, under the supervision of Professors Kathleen Hoke and William Piermattei. Generous funding provided by the Partnership for Public Health Law, comprised of the American Public Health Association, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National Association of County & City Health Officials, and the National Association of Local Boards of Health August 2015 THE PROBLEM: DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION Clean drinking water is essential to public health. Contaminated water is a grave health risk and, despite great progress over the past 40 years, continues to threaten U.S. communities’ health and quality of life. Our water resources still lack basic protections, making them vulnerable to pollution from fracking, farm runoff, industrial discharges and neglected water infrastructure. In the U.S., treatment and distribution of safe drinking water has all but eliminated diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery and hepatitis A that continue to plague many parts of the world. However, despite these successes, an estimated 19.5 million Americans fall ill each year from drinking water contaminated with parasites, bacteria or viruses. In recent years, 40 percent of the nation’s community water systems violated the Safe Drinking Water Act at least once.1 Those violations ranged from failing to maintain proper paperwork to allowing carcinogens into tap water. Approximately 23 million people received drinking water from municipal systems that violated at least one health-based standard.2 In some cases, these violations can cause sickness quickly; in others, pollutants such as inorganic toxins and heavy metals can accumulate in the body for years or decades before contributing to serious health problems. -
Water Quality Monitoring
Intermediate Student Guide to Water Quality Monitoring Developed in cooperation with the Texas Stream Team. Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority flowing solutions Monitoring Manual Intermediate School Level Introduction to Student Field Guide The Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority and Texas Stream Team encourages ordinary folks to be curious about how clean the water is in their creeks, rivers, and ponds. The program teaches citizens how to spot problems in water quality. Before we get started, we should discuss the term “water quality”. When we observe a water body like a creek or river, we look at the condition of the water – does it appear clear? Does it have a smell? Is the water moving, or is it still? Answering these types of questions tell us about the quality of the water. Did you ever stop to think about water as being healthy or non-healthy? Sure you did! Just think about it…. You’ve likely seen nice clean streams or rivers…. These are examples of ‘good’ water quality. You may have also observed water that is not too appealing…or ‘poor’ water quality. When you make these simple observations, you are judging the health of the water. Ok, we’ve made it pretty clear -- when we are involved in water quality studies, we are determining the health of a body of water. This guide will assist you in learning how to identify if there are any problems in water quality. You will work with a nearby creek, river, or lake – your teacher will decide what your study area will be. You will learn how to conduct simple tests. -
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Part 1000 INTRODUCTION 1010 INTRODUCTION 1010 A. Scope and Application of Methods The procedures described in these standards are intended for the examination of waters of a wide range of quality, including water suitable for domestic or industrial supplies, surface water, ground water, cooling or circulating water, boiler water, boiler feed water, treated and untreated municipal or industrial wastewater, and saline water. The unity of the fields of water supply, receiving water quality, and wastewater treatment and disposal is recognized by presenting methods of analysis for each constituent in a single section for all types of waters. An effort has been made to present methods that apply generally. Where alternative methods are necessary for samples of different composition, the basis for selecting the most appropriate method is presented as clearly as possible. However, samples with extreme concentrations or otherwise unusual compositions or characteristics may present difficulties that preclude the direct use of these methods. Hence, some modification of a procedure may be necessary in specific instances. Whenever a procedure is modified, the analyst should state plainly the nature of modification in the report of results. Certain procedures are intended for use with sludges and sediments. Here again, the effort has been to present methods of the widest possible application, but when chemical sludges or slurries or other samples of highly unusual composition are encountered, the methods of this manual may require modification or may be inappropriate. Most of the methods included here have been endorsed by regulatory agencies. Procedural modification without formal approval may be unacceptable to a regulatory body. -
Project Title: Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Conservation Into River Management
United Nations Development Programme Country: MALAYSIA PROJECT DOCUMENT Project Title: Mainstreaming of Biodiversity Conservation into River Management UNDAF Outcome(s): N/A – Malaysia does not have an UNDAF UNDP Strategic Plan 2014-2017 Primary Outcome: 2.5. Legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and institutions enabled to ensure the conservation, sustainable use, and access and benefit sharing of natural resources, biodiversity and ecosystems, in line with international conventions and national legislation UNDP Strategic Plan 2014-2017 Secondary Outcome: Output 1.3. Solutions developed at national and sub-national levels for sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem services, chemicals and waste Expected CP Outcome(s): Priority 2: Sustainable and resilient development: Implementation of a national development agenda that enables green growth through climate-resilient measures, sustainable management of energy and natural resources, and improved risk governance Expected CPAP Output (s): Priority 2b: Value natural capital, reduce environmental impacts and improve access to quality ecosystem services for low income households Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia; and Global Environment Centre (GEC) Brief Description Malaysia has some 157 river systems, as well a variety of tropical wetlands, forests and marine ecosystems, representing several Global 200 Ecoregions, and it is recognized as one of 17 mega-diverse countries in the world. Its river systems as well as riparian and catchment forests support an immense diversity of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity, including more than 600 freshwater fish species. River and floodplain wetland systems occupy some 3.9 million ha or 10% of the country’s land area. -
Interpreting Your Water Test Report Kathleen Parrott, Extension Specialist, Housing Blake Ross, Extension Specialist, Biological Systems Engineering
PUBLICATION 356-489 Interpreting Your Water Test Report Kathleen Parrott, Extension Specialist, Housing Blake Ross, Extension Specialist, Biological Systems Engineering Obtaining a water analysis from a testing laboratory is to measure concentration are even smaller. In these cases, a necessary first step toward solving household water parts per billion (ppb) is used. Some contaminants have quality** problems. Before seeking testing, you may units that are specific to the test like those used forradon , have had concerns about the safety of the water used in hardness, conductance, and turbidity. Others, such as the household. Or you may have noticed objectionable pH, are expressed as an index number and not in terms of symptoms when using the water for drinking, cooking, concentration, and therefore have no units. or other household purposes. Perhaps you have routinely Even with modern techniques and expensive equipment, monitored your household water quality through periodic there are limits to which a water testing laboratory may testing and have recently noticed differing results between determine the amount of a given contaminant in water. If tests for one or more indicators. To positively identify the the amount of a substance is so small it cannot be mea- source of contamination problems, as well as to determine sured, the laboratory will usually indicate that the result is the type of corrective action to take, a properly interpreted “below detection limit” (b.d.l.) or “not detected” (n.d.), or water analysis report is essential. it may provide the actual detection limit value for a given Besides providing a laboratory report of the analysis for contaminant by using a “less than” (<) symbol. -
EMERGING CONTAMINANTS in ARIZONA WATER a Status Report September 2016
EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN ARIZONA WATER A Status Report September 2016 CONTAMINANT ASSESSMENT • MONITORING • RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES • IMPACTS • RESOURCES • COMMUNICATION & OUTREACH Acknowledgements Misael Cabrera APEC Sponsor, ADEQ Director Henry Darwin APEC Sponsor, ADEQ Director (former) Trevor Baggiore APEC Chair, ADEQ Water Quality Division Director Mike Fulton APEC Chair, ADEQ Water Quality Division Director (former) Randy Gottler APEC Co-Chair, City of Phoenix Committee Chairs/Co-chairs* Dan Quintanar Chair, Outreach and Education Committee Tucson Water John Kmiec Chair, Chemical EC Committee Town of Marana Dr. Jeff Prevatt Chair, Microbial EC Committee Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Dept. Cindy Garcia (M) Co-chair, Outreach and Education Committee City of Peoria Jamie McCullough Co-chair, Outreach and Education Committee City of El Mirage Dr. Channah Rock Co-chair, Outreach and Education Committee University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center Laura McCasland (O) Co-chair, Chemical EC Committee City of Scottsdale Steve Baker Co-chair, Microbial EC Committee Arizona Dept. of Health Services, Division of Public Health Services Additional APEC Members* Dr. Morteza Abbaszadegan (M) Arizona State University, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dr. Leif Abrell (C,M) University of Arizona, Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants Jennifer Botsford (C,O) Arizona Dept. of Health Services, Office of Environmental Health Dr. Kelly Bright (M) University of Arizona, Soil, Water & Environmental Science Al Brown (O) Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School Dr. Mark Brusseau (C,O) University of Arizona, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences Alissa Coes (C) U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center Nick Paretti U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center Patrick Cunningham (O) The Law Office of Patrick J. -
RIVER of LIFE : IMPLEMENTATION of INTERCEPTOR Anita Ainan Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia CONTENTS
RIVER OF LIFE : IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERCEPTOR Anita Ainan Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION TO RIVER OF LIFE • RIVER OF LIFE COMPONENTS • OBJECTIVES OF INTERCEPTOR • BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTERCEPTOR SYSTEMS • INTERCEPTOR PROJECT AT PRECINTS 7 • CONCLUSION WHAT IS “RIVER OF LIFE”? River of Life Transforming Klang & Gombak Rivers into a vibrant and liveable waterfront with high economic value 2011 River Cleaning River Beautification Land Development 2020 • Clean and improve the • Masterplanning and • Cleaning and 110km stretch river beautification works will beautification works will tributaries along the be carried out along a spur economic Klang River basin from 10.7km stretch along the investments into the current Class III-V to Klang and Gombak river areas immediately Class IIB by 2020 corridor surrounding the river • Covers the municipal • Significant landmarks in corridor areas of: the area include Dataran • Potential government -Selayang (MPS) Merdeka, Bangunan land will be identified and -Ampang Jaya (MPAJ) Sultan Abdul Samad and tendered out to private -Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) Masjid Jamek developers through competitive bidding RIVER OF LIFE: RIVER CLEANING TRANSFORMING THE KLANG RIVER REQUIRES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH THAT STOPS Key POLLUTION AT THE SOURCE Description Lead Agency Initiative Upgrading existing sewerage facilities is the most impactful and JPP 1 Aspiration important initiative to reduce Klang river pollution Existing regional sewage treatment plants must be expanded to JPP 2 cater for -
Private Water Wells
Chapter I PRIVATE WATER WELLS INTRODUCTION 4 WELL LOCATION 4 MICROORGANISM PROTECTION 4 PROTECTION FROM OTHER CONTAMINANTS 10 CONE OF DEPRESSION 10 LOCATING A NEW WELL 12 WELL CONSTRUCTION 12 DRILLED WELLS 14 DRIVEN WELLS 14 DUG WELLS 14 WELL CASING 14 WELL GROUTING 18 WELL SCREEN AND GRAVEL PACK 19 WELL DEVELOPMENT 19 SANITARY WELL SEAL 20 DISINFECTION OF WELL 20 WELL PUMPS 23 POWER PUMPS 23 HAND PUMPS 26 FREEZE PROTECTION 27 WELL PUMP HOUSE 27 PITLESS INSTALLATIONS 28 WELL MAINTENANCE 31 WATER TESTING 33 DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 33 PROTECTION OF WELLS (WELLHEAD PROTECTION) 34 PRESSURE TANKS 36 WATER STORAGE TANK 37 CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL 38 COMPLAINT INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF EXISTING WELLS 40 PLUGGING ABANDONED WELLS 40 REFFERENCES AND READING MATERIALS 41 PROTOCOLS EVALUATION OF A NEW WELL SITE OR AN EXISTING PRIVATE WELL 44 APPENDICES APPENDIX A. WELL DISINFECTION 50 APPENDIX B. COMMON INORGANIC DRINKING WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 52 APPENDIX C. KDHE PRIVATE WELL WATER QUALITY SCREENING RESULTS INTERPRETATION 60 APPENDIX D. EVALUATION OF TASTE AND ODOR COMPLAINTS (TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE) 62 TABLES I-1. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SYTEMS IN KANSAS 6 I-2. MINIMUM AND RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES FROM PRIVATE WELLS 8 I-3. PRIVATE WELL 12-POINT MAINTENANCE CHECK 32 I-4. RELATIVE CONTAMINATION RISKS FOR HOME AND FARMSTEAD ACTIVITIES 35 FIGURES I-1. SITE FEATURES SHOWING MINIMUM AND RECOMMENDED SEPARATION DISTANCES 9 I-2. CONE OF DEPRESSION FOR A PUMPING WELL 11 I-3. GOOD WELL LOCATION AND SEPARATION DISTANCES FOR A FARMSTEAD 13 I-4. CONSTRUCTION OF A DRILLED WELL IN AN UNCONSOLIDATED FORMATION 15 I-5.