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TAXON:Xanthostemon Chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk

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TAXON:Xanthostemon Chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Taxon: Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Family: Myrtaceae Common Name(s): golden penda Synonym(s): Metrosideros chrysantha F.Muell. Nania chrysantha (F.Muell.) Kuntze Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Apr 2019 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Unarmed, Non-Toxic, Ornamental, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 29 Apr 2019 (Xanthostemon chrysanthus Page 1 of 14 (F. Muell.) Benth.) TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 29 Apr 2019 (Xanthostemon chrysanthus Page 2 of 14 (F. Muell.) Benth.) TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Wilson, P. G. (1990). A revision of the genus [No evidence of domestication] "DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Xanthostemon (Myrtaceae) in Australia. Telopea, 3(4), 451 Queensland, between 12 ° S and 19 ° S, mostly in riparian forest." -476 Richards, A. E., Shapcott, A., Playford, J., Morrison, B., [Planted, but no evidence of domestication] "X. chrysanthus is Critchley, C., & Schmidt, S. (2003). Physiological profiles of widely planted as a garden and street tree in Queensland, and restricted endemic plants and their widespread congenors elsewhere, and adapts well to environments outside its rainforest in the North Queensland wet tropics, Australia. Biological creek edge habitat." Conservation, 111(1), 41-52 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2019). Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2019). Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Wilson, P. G. (1990). A revision of the genus "DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Queensland, between 12 ° S and 19 ° S, Xanthostemon (Myrtaceae) in Australia. Telopea, 3(4), 451 mostly in riparian forest." -476 USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. "Native 2019. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australasia Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland]" [Accessed 25 Apr 2019] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2019. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 25 Apr 2019] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 29 Apr 2019 (Xanthostemon chrysanthus Page 3 of 14 (F. Muell.) Benth.) TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Qsn # Question Answer "Brown penda grows from Pascoe River to the Seaview Range in Lake, M. (2015). Australian Rainforest Woods. CSIRO north Queensland and is found mostly along the waterways in Publishing, Clayton South, Australia rainforest areas growing from sea level to 1000 metres." Dave's Garden. (2019). Xanthostemon Species, Golden Penda - Xanthostemon chrysanthus. "Hardiness: USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)" https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/68794/. [Accessed 26 Apr 2019] "This is a very desirable garden plant for warmer climates in a sunny position in moist, well drained soils. It responds well to pruning and may be kept to large shrub proportions if pruned annually. In sub- Australian Native Plant Society. (2019). Xanthostemon tropical and tropical areas it flowers reliably and often within 2-3 chrysanthus. http://anpsa.org.au/x-chr.html. [Accessed 26 years from seed. However, while it will grow in temperate areas, Apr 2019] flowering is less reliable. It has been successfully flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney but is not particularly vigourous there." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Wilson, P. G. (1990). A revision of the genus "DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Queensland, between 12 ° S and 19 ° S, Xanthostemon (Myrtaceae) in Australia. Telopea, 3(4), 451 mostly in riparian forest." -476 Does the species have a history of repeated 205 n introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. "Cultivated 2019. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Tropical Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. MALESIA: Malaysia" [Accessed 26 Apr 2019] Richards, A. E., Shapcott, A., Playford, J., Morrison, B., Critchley, C., & Schmidt, S. (2003). Physiological profiles of "X. chrysanthus is widely planted as a garden and street tree in restricted endemic plants and their widespread congenors Queensland, and elsewhere, and adapts well to environments in the North Queensland wet tropics, Australia. Biological outside its rainforest creek edge habitat." Conservation, 111(1), 41-52 Creation Date: 29 Apr 2019 (Xanthostemon chrysanthus Page 4 of 14 (F. Muell.) Benth.) TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Qsn # Question Answer 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes "Swietenia macrophylla, Khaya senegalensis, Tabebuia rosea, and Nghiem, L. T., Tan, H. T., & Corlett, R. T. (2015). Invasive Xanthostemon chrysanthus), each with >10,000 individuals planted trees in Singapore: are they a threat to native forests?. [26], is invasive, although casual seedlings of A. saman, K. Tropical Conservation Science, 8(1), 201-214 senegalensis, and T. rosea are fairly common [38]. This shows that propagule pressure alone is not sufficient to drive invasion." Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. (2019). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence in the Hawaiian Islands to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 26 Apr 2019] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Mo evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes "Swietenia macrophylla, Khaya senegalensis, Tabebuia rosea, and Nghiem, L. T., Tan, H. T., & Corlett, R. T. (2015). Invasive Xanthostemon chrysanthus), each with >10,000 individuals planted trees in Singapore: are they a threat to native forests?. [26], is invasive, although casual seedlings of A.
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