DOCSLIB.ORG

Report Takes Aim at NSW's Creeping Peril

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report Takes Aim at NSW's Creeping Peril Myrtle Rust outbreak threatens NSW Feral Herald p2 Newsletter of the Invasive Species Council, Australia Issue 25 September 2010 Bitou bush is just one of hundreds of weeds imperilling NSW wildlife. Photo: Tim Parkinson, http://www.flickr.com/photos/timparkinson/ Report takes aim at NSW’s creeping peril he Invasive Species Council has principle, and more focus on weed launched a weed campaign in NSW management for climate adaptation. Twith a reform agenda backed by ISC will also publish a report analysing the more than 40 community groups and state and drivers of weed invasion in NSW outlined in the report ‘Stopping NSW’s and the adequacy of current responses. Creeping Peril’. ISC is very grateful for the financial and The NSW Government has committed to Download the report other support provided by the Paddy Pallin reducing the threats of invasive species by > Get the full report from our website, www.invasives.org.au. Foundation, through Rob and Nancy 2015, but its own review of progress has Pallin, and several other donations. We found that on current trends the target will need further funding to sustain this not be met. ISC is advocating the adoption of a campaign, so please, consider donating. There are more than 1660 naturalised permitted list approach (limiting new ISC staff working on this campaign are plants in NSW, of which over 340 are introductions to those assessed as low Andrew Cox (but about to leave for a year’s environmental weeds. The majority are risk), eradication of new or potential weeds volunteering on Solomon Islands) and Carol unregulated and there are no restrictions and containment to prevent spread into Booth, with assistance from John Sampson on the entry of thousands of other species new areas, and prioritised control of other and Tim Low. already in Australia (both exotic and native) invaders. Other recommendations address Stopping NSW’s Creeping Peril can be that are weedy elsewhere in the country or the need for more funding, a general duty downloaded from the ISC website. overseas. of care, implementation of the polluter pays continued p4 Tackling some of Australia’s toughest environmental threats web: www.invasives.org.au | email: [email protected] Keep your eyes peeled for myrtle rust infection Myrtle rust infects leaves of susceptible plants producing Fungus threatens spore-filled lesions on young actively growing leaves and shoots, as well as fruits and sepals. Leaves may become buckled or twisted as a result of infection. On turpentine and callistemon rust lesions are purple in nightmare outbreak colour, with masses of bright yellow or orange-yellow spores. Older lesions may contain dark brown spores. The discovery of myrtle rust on coastal NSW could herald the arrival Reports of potential sightings can be made by calling the of a dangerous new player threatening Australia’s native biodiversity. Exotic Plant Pest Hotline 1800 084 881. nightmare scenario for Australia Argentina and Jamaica, and little is known rusts in Australia is very difficult, according Myrtle rust growing on A. flexuosa would be the arrival of a disease about it. Some of the overseas disease to Glen and colleagues. New pathogens can (willow myrtle cv. Afterdark). Aaffecting eucalypts, tea trees, outbreaks attributed to eucalyptus rust may have severe unpredictable impacts, and the and other trees and shrubs in the family have involved myrtle rust instead. Plants eucalyptus rust has dramatically increased Myrtaceae, the biggest plant family in that could be susceptible include those in its host range following its arrival in new Left, the top and underside of willow Australia, dominating numerous ecosystems, the following genera: Acmena, Angophora, areas. The rust is thought unlikely to kill myrtle leaves infected by myrtle rust. including forests, woodlands and wetlands. Austromyrtus, Eucalyptus, Leptospermum, mature trees, but could affect regeneration Melaleuca, Syzygium, Xanthostemon. and have long-term effects on biodiversity This nightmare could be unfolding right Right, newly formed bright yellow now with an outbreak of myrtle rust (Uredo Rust diseases can spread very quickly, and ecology. Genetic diversity could be pustules of myrtle rust on turpentine, rangelii) on NSW’s central coast in NSW. with spores blown by the wind or picked greatly reduced in highly susceptible species, Syncarpia glomulifera. Since being reported in April 2010, the rust up by bees and other animals (including and the composition of affected ecosystems (a type of fungus) has been found infecting humans). In Hawaii, eucalyptus rust was first could change. Information taken from Industry & Investment NSW. Photos courtesy CSIRO eight cultivated native species on six reported in April 2005, and had spread to Analyses of areas thought to be commercial properties (cut flower farms and all but one island by the end of the year. In climatically suitable for eucalyptus rust in areas, and is conducting surveillance in wholesale nurseries). Native eucalypt forest Jamaica it reportedly spread over 5000 km2 Australia show the highest-risk areas to be surrounding nurseries and bushland. adjoins the property where the rust was first within one year. Once a rust has spread into on the east coast of Australia and across the The federal and other state governments discovered. bushland, eradication is usually impossible. top of the Northern Territory. have agreed to contribute funds for an The most feared disease of eucalypts, The authors of the paper reporting the It’s not known how myrtle rust entered eradication attempt. eucalyptus rust (also known as guava rust, outbreak of myrtle rust in Australia, Angus Australia, but it highlights the inevitable ISC has been concerned that the Puccinia psidii) has been spreading around Carnegie and colleagues, suggest it “may risks associated with importing live plants. response has been slow, with quarantine the world from its native South America, have a serious impact on native plant Australia permits the entry of Myrtaceae restrictions only imposed four months after and was reported in Hawaii in 2005. It can communities and on plant industries based plants as nursery stock from many different detection, but is pleased that the incursion infect a wide variety of Myrtaceae species on members of the family Myrtaceae”. countries, but not from the United States is now recognised as a national priority. and has caused severe disease in Australian As yet, there have been no tests to and other countries known to host Most states have announced movement species grown overseas. determine which species in Australia are eucalyptus rust or Phytophthora ramorum. conditions for cut flowers and nursery stock The risk of new plant pathogens arriving in Australia The myrtle rust just discovered in susceptible to infection by myrtle rust. Of The Invasive Species Council questions of Myrtaceae species. “As native, locally adapted plant heritage. Movement of plants and plant Australia is closely related to the eucalyptus the 83 native Myrtaceae species tested whether any imports of Myrtaceae species The NSW Government is asking rust, part of the same complex of rusts with eucalyptus rust in Australia, 73 (88%) should be permitted, because of the communities evolved, guilds of unique products between biogeographical zones community members to keep an eye out for pathogenic microorganisms, viruses by human activities is now generally known to infect Myrtaceae. It was first showed some degree of susceptibility. There potential for pathogens to spread into signs of the disease (see box for description). described only in 2006 and recorded in are 1646 native Myrtaceae species known in new countries and escape detection until and viroids evolved in association with accepted to be the primary mode of It is vital to do as much as possible to Australia, including more than 140 that are it is too late, and for the potential for new them. Today these organisms often introduction of exotic pathogens and eradicate the rust and prevent further federally threatened. If those testing results pathogens to arise. Lloyd Loope in a review cause little noticeable damage to pests.” incursions. There are probably hundreds or are indicative of Myrtaceae species generally of eucalyptus rust in Hawaii notes of another their host plants, having developed a – CM Brasier 2008 thousands of different genotypes of myrtle and apply also to myrtle rust, this recent eucalyptus pest, Leptocyble invasa (the blue natural balance through co-evolution. Potential pathways for rust incursions and eucalypt rusts, some of which would Feral Herald incursion could seriously impact on many gum chalcid wasp), that it “represents the However, major problems may arise if (the spores of eucalypt rust can remain Editor be more invasive and infective than others, Australian ecosystems. Morag Glen and phenomenon of new pests spreading … and a pathogen escapes – or is introduced viable for at least two months outside Carol Booth. and which in combination could have co-authors of a review of eucalyptus rust being described as a new species elsewhere – to another region of the world where hosts): Layout catastrophic impacts. point out that even species with low levels before even being discovered in Australia”. the native plants have little resistance > Importation of Myrtaceae products, John Sampson. ISC has written to the federal and state and the pathogen has eluded its natural of susceptibility can play “a significant role in The incursion also highlights the risks including plants, seed, pollen, flowers, Feral Herald is produced by the Invasive governments to urge a comprehensive enemies. Such events can trigger maintaining the pathogen and facilitating its of siting commercial plant operations next timber products. Species Council. We welcome story ideas response to this incursion and strong damaging disease episodes that may > Illegal movement of plant material. and contributions. survival and spread”. to bushland. The property where the rust measures to prevent further incursions. also have long-term negative impacts on > With travelers, on clothing or luggage.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vegetation on Fraser Island
    Vegetation On Fraser Island Imagine towering pines, rainforest trees with three metre girths, rare and ancient giant ferns, eucalypt forests with their characteristic pendulous leaves, lemon-scented swamp vegetation and dwarfed heathland shrubs covered in a profusion of flowers. Now imagine them all growing on an island of sand. Two of Fraser Island’s unique features are its diversity of vegetation and its ability to sustain this vegetation in sand, a soil that is notoriously low in nutrients essential to plant growth. Plants growing on the dunes can obtain their nutrients (other than nitrogen) from only two sources - rain and sand. Sand is coated with mineral compounds such as iron and aluminium oxides. Near the shore the air contains nutrients from sea spray which are deposited on the sand. In a symbiotic relationship, fungi in the sand make these nutrients available to the plants. These in turn supply various organic compounds to the fungi which, having no chlorophyll cannot synthesise for themselves. Colonising plants, such as spinifex, grow in this nutrient poor soil and play an integral role in the development of nutrients in the sand. Once these early colonisers have added much needed nutrients to the soil, successive plant communities that are also adapted to low nutrient conditions, can establish themselves. She-oaks ( Allocasuarina and Casuarina spp.) can be found on the sand dunes of the eastern beach facing the wind and salt spray. These hardy trees are a familiar sight throughout the island with their thin, drooping branchlets and hard, woody cones. She-oaks are known as nitrogen fixers and add precious nutrients to the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006
    Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Current as at 1 September 2017 Queensland Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Page Part 1 Preliminary 1 Short title . 5 2 Commencement . 5 3 Purpose . 5 4 Definitions . 6 5 Scientific names . 6 Part 2 Classes of native wildlife and declared management intent for the wildlife Division 1 Extinct in the wild wildlife 6 Native wildlife that is extinct in the wild wildlife . 7 7 Declared management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 8 Significance of extinct in the wild wildlife to nature and its value 8 9 Proposed management intent for extinct in the wild wildlife . 8 10 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of extinct in the wild wildlife 9 Division 2 Endangered wildlife 11 Native wildlife that is endangered wildlife . 10 12 Declared management intent for endangered wildlife . 10 13 Significance of endangered wildlife to nature and its value . 10 14 Proposed management intent for endangered wildlife . 11 15 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of endangered wildlife . 12 Division 3 Vulnerable wildlife 16 Native wildlife that is vulnerable wildlife . 13 17 Declared management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 13 18 Significance of vulnerable wildlife to nature and its value . 13 19 Proposed management intent for vulnerable wildlife . 14 20 Principles for the taking, keeping or use of vulnerable wildlife . 15 Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006 Contents Division 4 Near threatened wildlife 26 Native wildlife that is near threatened wildlife . 16 27 Declared management intent for near threatened wildlife . 16 28 Significance of near threatened wildlife to nature and its value .
    [Show full text]
  • Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae
    molecules Review Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae Rosario Nicoletti 1,2 , Maria Michela Salvatore 3 , Pasquale Ferranti 2 and Anna Andolfi 3,* 1 Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 81100 Caserta, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Agriculture, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80126 Naples, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: andolfi@unina.it; Tel.: +39-081-2539179 Academic Editors: Francesco Vinale and Maria Luisa Balestrieri Received: 2 December 2018; Accepted: 17 December 2018; Published: 19 December 2018 Abstract: Myrtaceae are a group of plants that include a number of renowned species used in ethnomedicine in many areas worldwide. Their valuable therapeutic properties have stimulated a fruitful research activity addressed to the identification of the bioactive components of their extracts yielding a great diversity of terpenes; polyphenols; and other exclusive products. Among the latter, starting with the discovery of myrtucommulone A from myrtle (Myrtus communis), a series of structurally-related acylphloroglucinol compounds have been characterized from several species that represent the basic active principles to be considered in view of possible drug development. Aspects concerning chemical and biological properties of these products are reviewed in the present paper. Keywords: myrtucommulone; acylphloroglucinols; Myrtaceae; plant extracts; biological activities 1. Introduction Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a typical shrub of maquis and coastal bushes native of the Mediterranean area and Western Asia. It is well-known in traditional medicine, and for centuries its leaves and berries have found ethnomedical application in the treatment of several disorders of the digestive apparatus, as well as pulmonary and skin diseases [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Xanthostemon Chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk
    TAXON: Xanthostemon SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Taxon: Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. Family: Myrtaceae Common Name(s): golden penda Synonym(s): Metrosideros chrysantha F.Muell. Nania chrysantha (F.Muell.) Kuntze Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Apr 2019 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tropical Tree, Unarmed, Non-Toxic, Ornamental, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 29 Apr 2019 (Xanthostemon chrysanthus Page 1 of 14 (F.
    [Show full text]
  • Genera in Myrtaceae Family
    Genera in Myrtaceae Family Genera in Myrtaceae Ref: http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html R. K. Brummitt 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew REF: Australian – APC http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html & APNI http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni Some of these genera are not native but naturalised Tasmanian taxa can be found at the Census: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1273 Future reference: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania [Myrtaceae is being edited at mo] Acca O.Berg Euryomyrtus Schaur Osbornia F.Muell. Accara Landrum Feijoa O.Berg Paragonis J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant Acmena DC. [= Syzigium] Gomidesia O.Berg Paramyrciaria Kausel Acmenosperma Kausel [= Syzigium] Gossia N.Snow & Guymer Pericalymma (Endl.) Endl. Actinodium Schauer Heteropyxis Harv. Petraeomyrtus Craven Agonis (DC.) Sweet Hexachlamys O.Berg Phymatocarpus F.Muell. Allosyncarpia S.T.Blake Homalocalyx F.Muell. Pileanthus Labill. Amomyrtella Kausel Homalospermum Schauer Pilidiostigma Burret Amomyrtus (Burret) D.Legrand & Kausel [=Leptospermum] Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris Angasomyrtus Trudgen & Keighery Homoranthus A.Cunn. ex Schauer Pimenta Lindl. Angophora Cav. Hottea Urb. Pleurocalyptus Brongn. & Gris Archirhodomyrtus (Nied.) Burret Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl. Plinia L. Arillastrum Pancher ex Baill. Kania Schltr. Pseudanamomis Kausel Astartea DC. Kardomia Peter G. Wilson Psidium L. [naturalised] Asteromyrtus Schauer Kjellbergiodendron Burret Psiloxylon Thouars ex Tul. Austromyrtus (Nied.) Burret Kunzea Rchb. Purpureostemon Gugerli Babingtonia Lindl. Lamarchea Gaudich. Regelia Schauer Backhousia Hook. & Harv. Legrandia Kausel Rhodamnia Jack Baeckea L. Lenwebia N.Snow & ZGuymer Rhodomyrtus (DC.) Rchb. Balaustion Hook. Leptospermum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Rinzia Schauer Barongia Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland Lindsayomyrtus B.Hyland & Steenis Ristantia Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh.
    [Show full text]
  • I-Tree Canopy
    Home of the San Diego County tree map “Planning the Urban Forest” Why we need larger and healthier trees Robin Y. Rivet: [email protected] ISA Certified Arborist- WE-7558A What is Urban Forestry? • Why does it matter? • Where to get information? • What has gone wrong? • How can we improve? This is a nice place… BUT DIFFICULT TO RETROFIT FOR MOST CITIES It’s NOT just about trees… SAN DIEGO URBAN FOREST Watersheds golf courses graveyards Schoolyards Private homes Streets and alleys flower fields orchards Places of worship Government lands Beaches and dunes Commercial business The legal “definition” from California code PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE SECTION 4799.06-4799.12 4799.09. As used in this chapter the following terms have the following meanings: (c) "Urban forestry" means the cultivation and management of native or introduced trees and related vegetation in urban areas for their present and potential contribution to the economic, physiological, sociological, and ecological well-being of urban society. (d) "Urban forest" means those native or introduced trees and related vegetation in the urban and near-urban areas, including, but not limited to, urban watersheds, soils and related habitats, street trees, park trees, residential trees, natural riparian habitats, and trees on other private and public properties. The Urban Forestry Act was passed in 1978, OPR page launched 2012 Urban Forestry Act (PRC 4799.06 - 4799.12) American Forests Urban Ecosystem Analysis conducted over six years in ten select cities An estimated 634,407,719 trees are currently missing from metropolitan areas across the United States – National Urban Tree Deficit In 1986, the National Urban and Community Forest Advisory Council conducted a 20-city survey to understand the condition of the nation’s street trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Material Saving Rainforests in the South Pacific
    Australian Journal of Botany 65, 609–624 © CSIRO 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BT17096_AC Supplementary material Saving rainforests in the South Pacific: challenges in ex situ conservation Karen D. SommervilleA,H, Bronwyn ClarkeB, Gunnar KeppelC,D, Craig McGillE, Zoe-Joy NewbyA, Sarah V. WyseF, Shelley A. JamesG and Catherine A. OffordA AThe Australian PlantBank, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia. BThe Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CSchool of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia DBiodiversity, Macroecology and Conservation Biogeography Group, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. EInstitute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. FRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN, United Kingdom. GNational Herbarium of New South Wales, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. HCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1 (below) comprises a list of seed producing genera occurring in rainforest in Australia and various island groups in the South Pacific, along with any available information on the seed storage behaviour of species in those genera. Note that the list of genera is not exhaustive and the absence of a genus from a particular island group simply means that no reference was found to its occurrence in rainforest habitat in the references used (i.e. the genus may still be present in rainforest or may occur in that locality in other habitats). As the definition of rainforest can vary considerably among localities, for the purpose of this paper we considered rainforests to be terrestrial forest communities, composed largely of evergreen species, with a tree canopy that is closed for either the entire year or during the wet season.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Bat Pollination: a Phylogenetic Perspective
    Annals of Botany 104: 1017–1043, 2009 doi:10.1093/aob/mcp197, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org INVITED REVIEW The evolution of bat pollination: a phylogenetic perspective Theodore H. Fleming1,*, Cullen Geiselman2 and W. John Kress3 1Emeritus, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA, 2Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA and 3Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Received: 2 April 2009 Returned for revision: 27 May 2009 Accepted: 13 July 2009 Published electronically: 29 September 2009 † Background Most tropical and subtropical plants are biotically pollinated, and insects are the major pollinators. A small but ecologically and economically important group of plants classified in 28 orders, 67 families and about 528 species of angiosperms are pollinated by nectar-feeding bats. From a phylogenetic perspective this is a derived pollination mode involving a relatively large and energetically expensive pollinator. Here its ecologi- cal and evolutionary consequences are explored. Downloaded from † Scope and Conclusions This review summarizes adaptations in bats and plants that facilitate this interaction and discusses the evolution of bat pollination from a plant phylogenetic perspective. Two families of bats contain specialized flower visitors, one in the Old World and one in the New World. Adaptation to pollination by bats has evolved independently many times from a variety of ancestral conditions, including insect-, bird- and non-volant mammal-pollination. Bat pollination predominates in very few families but is relatively common in certain angiosperm subfamilies and tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Xanthostemon Chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth.: a New Flowering Tree for Urban Landscapes
    International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, Vol. 3 (June) ISSN 2462-1757 2 01 6 XANTHOSTEMON CHRYSANTHUS (F. MUELL.) BENTH.: A NEW FLOWERING TREE FOR URBAN LANDSCAPES Ahmad Nazarudin, M.R. Forestry and Environment Division Forest Research Institute Malaysia 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda is an exotic flowering tree introduced into Malaysian landscape. Golden penda is one of the various species planted in urban areas for beautification purposes. It has showy yellow inflorescence which attracts nectar-feeding birds and insects. Under local climate conditions, this species flowers throughout the year, however, there is no distinctive flowering season. It is considered as a hardy species because it’s able to adapt to planting site with low soil moisture content, nutrients deficiency, and high soil penetration resistance. This paper concluded with the recommendation that X. chrysanthus can be a good candidate for urban landscapes as it can tolerate the harsh environment while enhancing the aesthetic value and biodiversity of the urban areas. Keywords: Golden penda, flowering tree, horticulture, ornamental, urban forestry Introduction Urban trees provide valuable ecological, social and economic benefits to urban residents (Dwyer et al., 1992; Nowak & Crane, 2002; Nowak et al., 2006). Earlier studies have shown that one of the functions of trees is to increase the aesthetic of urban environment (Schroeder & Cannon, 1987; Dwyer et al., 1992). In landscaping, tree appearance is very important to enhance the value and quality of a space. Texture, form, size and colour are the physical qualities of plants that offer attention, variety, and aesthetic appeal to the surrounding areas (Hansen and Alvarez, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Myrtle Rust Reviewed the Impacts of the Invasive Plant Pathogen Austropuccinia Psidii on the Australian Environment R
    Myrtle Rust reviewed The impacts of the invasive plant pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment R. O. Makinson 2018 DRAFT CRCPLANTbiosecurity CRCPLANTbiosecurity © Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, 2018 ‘Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment’ is licenced by the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This Review provides background for the public consultation document ‘Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan’ available at www.apbsf.org.au Author contact details R.O. Makinson1,2 [email protected] 1Bob Makinson Consulting ABN 67 656 298 911 2The Australian Network for Plant Conservation Inc. Cite this publication as: Makinson RO (2018) Myrtle Rust reviewed: the impacts of the invasive pathogen Austropuccinia psidii on the Australian environment. Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra. Front cover: Top: Spotted Gum (Corymbia maculata) infected with Myrtle Rust in glasshouse screening program, Geoff Pegg. Bottom: Melaleuca quinquenervia infected with Myrtle Rust, north-east NSW, Peter Entwistle This project was jointly funded through the Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre and the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. The Plant Biosecurity CRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Program. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This review of the environmental impacts of Myrtle Rust in Australia is accompanied by an adjunct document, Myrtle Rust in Australia – a draft Action Plan. The Action Plan was developed in 2018 in consultation with experts, stakeholders and the public. The intent of the draft Action Plan is to provide a guiding framework for a specifically environmental dimension to Australia’s response to Myrtle Rust – that is, the conservation of native biodiversity at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Sclerophyll Forests and Woodlands
    SCLEROPHYLL FORESTS AND WOODLANDS OF THE WET TROPICS BIOREGION CLARKE © CAMPBELL Syncarpia forests and woodlands (vegetation codes 60a-60g) Syncarpia glomulifera can range from an extremely tall Facts and figures forest tree to a stunted shrub as a direct responds to its surrounding environmental conditions. Very few species Vegetation alliances demonstrate such an ability to respond to environmental Syncarpia glomulifera forests and controlling factors with such plasticity in growth form. woodlands Variations in height are typically a response to edaphic Current extent in the controls although factors including climate and exposure bioregion 38,125ha also have a significant influence. Syncarpia dominated Area protected 29,466ha (77%) vegetation associations are widespread across the bioregion, being found from the wet coastal lowlands to the dry western uplands. Geography Association 60b represents a well developed lowland This is a widespread formation which varies structurally variant, typically found on alluvial flats to the south of across a range of topographic and climatic zones Cardwell with scattered occurrences in the Kuranda area. throughout the bioregion. Well developed tall open forest Observations suggest that Syncarpia glomulifera favours variants are found in dry to wet upland situations from better drained alluvial situations, being displaced by Tinaroo to Rollingstone and in lowland situations on the Eucalyptus pellita in swampier localities. coastal plain between Cardwell and Ingham. Lower stature Association 60c (Syncarpia glomulifera and Melaleuca woodland and open forest associations are widespread quinquenervia) has a restricted distribution and is only being governed to a large extent by soil development, for found in extremely wet, infertile conditions due to a example, associations 60d, 60e and 60f are found on steep combination of groundwater seepage and highly infertile escarpments with minimal soil development.
    [Show full text]
  • Associations of Societies for Growing Australian Plants
    Page 1 Associations of Societies for Growing Australian Plants – Rainforest Study Group – No.62 (7) June 2006 Associations of Societies for Growing Australian Plants ASGAP Rainforest Study Group NEWSLETTER No 62. (7) June 2006 ISSN 0729-5413 Annual Subscription $5, $10 overseas Photos: www.web-a-file.com Study Group Webpage (under construction): http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/rainfor.html Email: [email protected] Address: Kris Kupsch, 28 Plumtree Pocket, Burringbar, Australia, 2483. Ph. (02) 66771466 Mob. 0439557438 Introduction ASGAP trip to Sydney Nov 2005 It has been a long while since I wrote a During my brief visit to Sydney in November newsletter, I apologise for taking so long. last year as part of an invitation to speak at a Since the last newsletter the family and I have SGAP meeting in Ermington, I got to do the moved back to the Wet Tropics. I now work following: as an Environmental Scientist undertaking 1. I was escorted by Cas Liber, ASGAP vegetation surveys and compiling Banksia Study Group leader. Cas environmental management plans for parts of toured me through the Botanic the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. This Gardens, his garden, among others. has been a rather large transition, leaving Many thanks to Cas and his family. behind my garden and all of my immediate 2. I visited Betty Rymers garden at plans in NSW; the job was too good to refuse. Kenthurst. Betty has a notable I wish everyone the best with their rainforest garden including a large endeavours and hope this newsletter was Brachychiton discolor, Dianella worth the wait.
    [Show full text]