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The Puerto Papers The Puerto Papers Edited by David Forrest Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational & Mass Media Policies in Music Education 1 2 The Puerto Papers 3 4 The Puerto Papers Edited by David Forrest Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational & Mass Media Policies in Music Education 5 Published by International Society for Music Education (ISME) PO Box 909 NEDLANDS 6909 Western Australia ! Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies ISME 2004 First published 2004 All rights reserved. This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced, by any process, without the written permission of the Editors. Nor may any part of this publication be stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise. The publication has been prepared for the members of the Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies of the International Society for Music Education. The opinions expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies of the International Society for Music Education or the Editors. While reasonable checks have been made to ensure the accuracy of statements and advice, no responsibility can be accepted for errors and omissions, however caused. No responsibility for any loss occasioned to any person acting on or refraining from action as a result of material in this publication is accepted by the authors, the Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies of the International Society for Music Education or the Editors. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data TITLE: The Puerto Papers ISBN: 0-9752063-4-6 Editor: David Forrest Refereeing Process The full papers contained in these Proceedings were accepted after each abstract was blind reviewed by three members of the Commission who formed the editorial board. Following acceptance of the abstract each full paper has been reviewed by members of the Commission prior to publication. Commission Members 2000-2004 Associate Professor David Forrest, Melbourne, Australia (Chair) Dr Chi Cheung Leung, Hong Kong, PRC Dr Sara Sintonen, Helsinki, Finland Mr William Kimari, Nairobi, Kenya Prof. Dr Günter Kleinen, Bremen, Germany Advisor: Professor Nelly de Camargo, São Paolo, Brazil 6 Table of Contents Introduction: The Implementation and Development of Policy 3 David Forrest Opening Address and Welcome Ms Eva Navarro González 5 Notions of Policy and Community Martin Comte 9 On the Implementation and Achievements of the Learning Program for the Koto, a Japanese Traditional Musical Instrument in In-service Training Yayoi Bitoh 23 The Policy and Interrelationship of the Supporting Organizations in Music Composition in Hong Kong Chi Wai Jason Chen 33 The Implementation of Information Technology Policy in Hong Kong School Music Teaching and Learning Wai Yee Jane Cheung-Yung & Lai Chi Rita Yip 45 What Factors Influence the Progress of Musical Sound? Anitha Eriksson 58 Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies in South Africa Schalk Fredericks 66 Postcoloniality and Music Education: Finding the Colonial Gaze Tadahiko Imada 77 Between a rock and a hard place: Music representatives within systems Neryl Jeanneret & David Forrest 86 Developing Curriculum Standards for Music in Taiwan’s High Schools Mei-Ling Lai 93 Challenges of Policy Makers to Achieve Effective Implementation: Curriculum Changes in Music Chi Cheung Leung 100 Taiwanese college students’ attitudes toward multicultural musics Chia-ling Lu 118 1 Representing syllabus and performance standards in external Music examinations within a standards-referenced framework: The New South Wales experience. Jay McPherson & John Bennett 125 Policy to practice: Arts Action and support for the non-specialist teacher in the K–6 classroom Julie Montague 141 The effect of policy change on the Australian music curriculum: Inclusivity or de-skilling? Rosalynd Smith & Jane Southcott 157 The Impact of Multi-Media Teaching Technology on Music Education Reform in Mainland China Xie Jiaxing, Li Yuan & Guo Wei 171 Pathways to Policy Development and Implementation of Standards for Music Educators in Australia Amanda Watson, David Forrest & Neryl Jeanneret 178 2 Introduction: The Implementation and Development of Policy David Forrest The Commission on Music in Cultural, Educational and Mass Media Policies of the International Society for Music Education met from 7 to 10 July 2004 in the Hotel San Felipe in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain. The Commission meets every two years and the most recent seminars have been held in Helsinki (Finland), Vancouver (Canada), Nairobi (Kenya) and Köln (Germany). The theme of the 2004 Commission was the development and implementation of policy in culture, education and the media. In this seminar there was a direct focus on issues of policy and the impact on music education at the local, national and global levels. The papers in this volume are those presented at either the International Seminar in Puerto de la Cruz or at one of the Commission sessions at the ISME Conference in Santa Cruz, Tenerife. The papers provide an exciting range of insights into the development and implementation of policy from a number of perspectives. The participants at the seminar came from Australia, Japan, the Peoples Republic of China (including Hong Kong), Norway, South Africa, and Taiwan. Through the papers a number of overlapping themes emerged that provided the participants with significant material for discussion. Chi Wai Chen presents a range of insights and examples of the interrelationship between policy and support organizations concerned with music composition in Hong Kong. Anitha Eriksson in her paper on the factors that influence the progress of music sound considers a range of issues associated with the place of music in cultural life in our multicultural and globalised world. Tadahiko Imada contributes to the discussion on post-colonialism and music education. He demonstrates that the post-colonialist view on multiculturalism is a result of political and economical globalization. Neryl Jeanneret and David Forrest in their paper “Between a rock and a hard place: Music representatives within systems” raise a number of significant issues and concerns on the people who are impacting on the development of policy in Australia, and in complementary positions internationally. These views were taken up by Chi Cheung Leung in his work on the challenges facing policy makers to effectively implement curriculum change in music. Schalk Fredericks discusses the place of music in cultural, educational and media policies in South Africa. He discusses the practical provisions for the implementation of the policies. Considerations of music education in the tertiary sector are presented across a number of papers. Chia-ling Lu presents her work on Taiwanese college students’ attitudes toward multicultural musics. Yayoi Bitoh provides considerable thought into the use of the Koto as a learning program with in-service training in Japan. 3 Jay McPherson and John Bennett’s paper “Representing syllabus and performance standards in external Music examinations within a standards-referenced framework” provides an insightful exploration on the impact of the correlation between marking guidelines used for assessing each of the components and the performance bands finally awarded using samples drawn directly from Standards Packages. Throughout the seminar there were various discussions on the relationship of policy and curriculum development. These issues were discussed from a number of perspectives. Rosalynd Smith and Jane Southcott provide a focus of the discussion in their paper on the effect of policy change on the Australian music curriculum. Julie Montague demonstrates in her paper a practical application of policy through a discussion of Arts Action and the way this supports for the non-specialist teacher in the K–6 classroom. Mei-Ling Lai’s paper concentrates on the recent curriculum revisions in Taiwan and discusses the development of curriculum standards in Taiwan’s high schools. Technology and multi media provided a focus section of the Seminar. Xie Jiaxing, Li Yuan and Guo Wei paper presents thinking on the impact of multi-media teaching technology on music education reform in China. Wai Yee Cheung-Yung and Lai Chi Yip discuss their work on the implementation of information technology policy in Hong Kong school music teaching and learning. Amanda Watson, David Forrest and Neryl Jeanneret present aspects on their on-going work for the Australian Society for Music Education on the processes associated with the development of policy concerning standards for Music educators in Australia. For the first time this Commission held a joint session with the Commission on Community Music Activities. For this we especially invited Professor Martin Comte to present on behalf of the commission. The title of his paper was “Notions of Policy and Community”. The seminar was officially opened by Ms Eva Navarro Gonzalez, former Senator and Second Mayor of Puerto de la Cruz, who provided us with significant insights and warmly welcomed us to the city. The Commission remains indebted to Ms Eva Navarro Gonzalez; Ms Maravillas Diaz; and Ms Cristina Daniel. Their
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