DOCSLIB.ORG

Music and Physics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Music and Physics Music and Physics A brief lesson in the instruments that make up a modern concert band. The Woodwind Family • The woodwind family consists of piccolos, flutes, oboes, english horns, clarinets, bassoons, and saxophones. • With the exception of the piccolo and flute, the sound is produced by a vibrating reed. • Different pitches are produced by opening and covering holes along the instrument The Brass Family • The brass family typically consists of trumpets, (french) horns, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas. • Sound is produced by forcing air through the mouthpiece. • With the exception of the trombone, pitches are altered by pressing or releasing valves. • All brass players also tighten or relax their lips to change pitch. The Percussion Family • The percussion family contains the most instruments. Some of the standard instruments include the bass drum, snare drum, timpani, bells, cymbals, and the triangle. • Sound is produced by striking some part of the instrument with a mallet, stick, or hands. • Not all percussion instruments can produce multiple pitches. In most cases the pitch of the instrument is dependent on the size of the instrument. • The piccolo is the highest pitched instrument in the band. • The tuba is the lowest pitched instrument commonly found in bands. – The contrabassoon can actually produce lower tones than the tuba, but it is not commonly found in bands. How is the pitch of instruments determined? • As was mentioned earlier, the biggest determining factor in the pitch an instrument produces is the size of the instrument. • The distance that air travels in the instrument also determines the pitch. Generally… • The larger and longer an instrument is, the lower the pitch. • The smaller and shorter an instrument, the higher the pitch. One of the easiest ways to see this is with the trombone. • The higher the note is on the staff, the higher the pitch of the note. • Notice how the trombone slide gets longer as the notes get lower? Some things you can try on your own: • Hold a rubber band so that it is stretched between two fingers. Pluck the rubber band. • Now, increase the distance between your fingers, stretching the rubber band. Pluck the rubber band again. • What do you notice about the sound? Does it sound lower or higher than before? • Try the same thing with rubber bands of different widths. What do you notice? Music References • Beethoven, Ludwig Van. Horn Sonata, Op. 17. III. Allegro Moderato. Albert Linder, horn. Naxos: BIS-CD-47. Compact disc. • Donizetti, Gaetano. Concertino for Cor Anglais and Orchestra in G minor. Andante con Variationi. Budapest Camerata conducted by Laszlo Kovacs. Marco Polo: Donizetti: Instrumental Concertos. Compact disc. • Handel, George Frideric. Trumpet Concerto in D minor. II Furioso. Miroslav Kejmar, trumpet. Naxos: Famous Trumpet Concerti. Compact disc. • Holst, Gustav. Second Suite in F for Military Band. I. March, IV. Fantasia on the Dargason.. Edmonton Wind Ensemble conducted by Harry Pinchin. CBC Records: Snake Fence Country. Compact disc. • Marcello, Benedetto. Cello Sonata in F major (arr. for tuba). II. Allegro. Michael Lind, tuba. Naxos: BIS-CD-95. Compact disc. • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Bassoon Concerto in B flat major, K. 191. I. Allegro. Stephan Turnovsky, bassoon. Naxos: 8.550345. Compact disc. • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622. III. Rondo: Allegro. Ernst Ottensamer, clarinet. Naxos: 8.550345. Compact disc. • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Oboe Concerto in C major, K. 271k/ K. 314. I. Allegro aperto. Martin Gabriel, oboe. Naxos: 8.550345. Compact disc. • Taffanel, Paul. Fantasy on Der Freischutz. Robert Aitken, flute. Naxos: BIS-CD-166. Compact disc. • Tubin, Eduard. Alto Saxophone Sonata. III. Allegro vivace. Pekka Savijoki, alto saxophone. Compact disc. • Vivaldi, Antonio. Cello Sonata No. 1 in B flat major, RV 47 (arr. for trombone). IV. Allegro. Christer Torge, trombone. Naxos: BIS-CD-95. Compact disc. • Vivaldi, Antonio. Piccolo Concerto in C major, RV 445. Gunilla von Bahr, piccolo. Naxos: BIS-CD-21. Compact disc. Picture References • Brass Section. Adamson Military Band. “Brass Section”. 1 October, 2006. <http:// www.adamsonband.co.uk.AboutMain.htm>. • Percussion. Hyper Music. Hyper Music- Musical Instruments. “Percussion”. 13 October, 2006. <http://www.hypermusic.ca/inst/mainmenu.html>. • Piccolo. Grahm Nasby’s Online Resources. “Concert Band Instrumentation”. 13 October, 2006. <http://www.grahamnasby.com/misc/concertband- instrumentation.shtml>. • Rubber band. Micron. “Amplifying Sound”. 23 October, 2006. <http:// www.micron.com/k12/lessonplans/sound/amplify>. • Trombone Positions. Sandi. “Trombone Slide Position Chart”. 13 October, 2006. <http://www.sandi.net/depts/vapa/worksheets/parts_trombone.pdf>. • Tuba. Grahm Nasby’s Online Resources. “Concert Band Instrumentation”. 13 October, 2006. <http://www.grahamnasby.com/misc/concertband- instrumentation.shtml>. • Woodwind Section. Adamson Military Band. “Woodwind Section”. 1 October, 2006. <http://www.adamsonband.co.uk/AboutMain.htm>. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to Band and Orchestral Instruments
    Mater Dei College Music Department GUIDE TO BAND AND ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS PICTURE INFORMATION ENSEMBLES SEE/HEAR IT The flute is part of the woodwind family. Flute Ensemble, http://www.yout FLUTE Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a Junior Concert ube.com/watch?v flute is a reedless wind instrument that Band, Senior =LI3wIHFQkAk&fe produces its sound from the flow of air Concert Band, ature=related across an opening. The flute produces a Solos and beautiful, light tone and is flexible enough Chamber to be used in many contexts and ensembles. Ensembles The clarinet is a very versatile instrument. It Clarinet http://www.yout CLARINET has three very distinctive ranges that it can Ensemble, Junior ube.com/watch?v produce. The lowest register is rich and Concert Band, =9CkK-LM6Oe0 hollow in sound. The middle register is Senior Concert smooth sounding. The upper register Band, Solos Jazz sounds thin and shrill. Band The oboe has been a favourite among Junior Concert http://www.yout BASS GUITAR composers for the last 300 years. The Band, Senior ube.com/watch?v appeal is the reedy sound which is good for Concert Band, =iy3V2Tl4g3s staccato melodies. The oboe unique and Swing Band one of the most interesting instruments to learn. The saxophone is a relatively recent Saxophone http://www.yout ALTO SAXOPHONE invention - it was created in the 1840's to Ensemble, Junior ube.com/watch?v bridge the tonal gap between lower Concert Band, =Ul5K9fVwsKI woodwind section and the low brass Senior Concert section. The saxophone - informally called Band, Solos Jazz sax - uses a reed in the mouthpiece, much Band like clarinets do.
    [Show full text]
  • Epic Tunes & Alpine Horns
    TRINITY LABAN SCHOOL CONCERT (KEY STAGE 2): EPIC TUNES & ALPINE HORNS Symphony No. 1 by Johannes Brahms Home Education Resource Pack Resource Pack Author: Kay Charlton Concert Presenter: Lucy Drever Conductor: Holly Mathieson INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPOSER This Resource Pack was originally produced What is a composer? A composer is a for schools attending our concert ‘Epic person who writes or creates music. Tunes and Alpine Horns!’ at Blackheath Halls on Thursday 26 March 2020. The piece Johannes Brahms (pronounced ‘Brarms’) of music that would have been performed is was born in 1833 in Germany. He was 43 Brahms Symphony No. 1. This Classroom when he wrote his Symphony No. 1, and Resource Pack has subsequently been he followed in the footsteps of famous adapted into a home education tool that can composers such as Mozart and Beethoven. be used to provide an introduction into the Brahms wrote four of these symphonies in world of the orchestra. total throughout his life. Keeping the orchestra on track is the job of Brahms had a very musical family- his father the conductor — they make sure the that all played the double bass in an orchestra in of the musicians on stage are playing the Hamburg and he himself started playing the same part of the music at the same time piano at the age of 7. By the time Brahms so that no one gets lost! The conductor became a teenager, he had a job playing the of this concert would have been Holly piano at local inns (or bars as they would Mathieson.
    [Show full text]
  • Reed Instruments About Reeds
    Reed Instruments About Reeds A reed is a thin elastic strip of cane fixed at one end and free at the other. It is set into vibration by moving air. Reeds are the sound generators in the instruments described below. Cane reeds are built as either double or single reeds. A double reed consists of two pieces of cane carved and bound into a hollow, round shape at one end and flattened out and shaved thin at the other. The two pieces are tied together to form an channel. The single reed is a piece of cane shaved at one end and fastened at the other to a mouthpiece. Single Reed Instruments Clarinet: A family of single reed instruments with mainly a cylindrical bore. They are made of grenadilla (African blackwood) or ebonite, plastic, and metal. Clarinets are transposing instruments* and come in different keys. The most common ones used in orchestras are the clarinet in A and the clarinet in Bb. When a part calls for a clarinet in A, the player may either double -i.e. play the clarinet in A, or play the clarinet in Bb and transpose* the part as he plays. During the time of Beethoven, the clarinet in C was also in use and players were expected to be able to play all three instruments when required. All clarinets are notated in the treble clef and have approximately the same written range: E below middle C to c´´´´ (C five ledger lines above the staff). Bass Clarinet: A member of the clarinet family made of wood, which sounds an octave lower than the Clarinet in Bb.
    [Show full text]
  • WIND INSTRUMENT USAGES in the SYMPHONIES of GUSTAV MAHLER ' by Donald Irvin Caughill a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SC
    Wind instrument usages in the symphonies of Gustav Mahler, by Donald Irvin Caughill Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Caughill, Donald I. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 04:43:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318086 WIND INSTRUMENT USAGES IN THE SYMPHONIES OF GUSTAV MAHLER ' by Donald Irvin Caughill A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF MUSIC In Partial Fulfillment of the. Requirements For the Degree of . MASTER OF MUSIC In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1972 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has heen submitted in. partial fulfillment of re- • guirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that, accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. 'SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS.DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: E.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecting to Mozart: His Music Is the Foundation of Today’S Orchestra
    “Inside Masterworks” Be Transformed APRIL 2016 Masterworks #7: Connecting to Mozart: his music is the foundation of today’s orchestra. In January of 1756, Mozart was born into the world of Baroque music, a time when orchestras had just come into more prominent use. In the decades preceding his birth, royal courts began to create places for small orchestras (usually around 25 musicians) to provide entertainment for those who could i afford it. But, the orchestra of the 1750s was very limited by were still fairly small (between 30 and 40 players at comparison to today’s orchestra. For example: the most) and without question, the strings were the • Brass instruments did not yet most important section, with the lead violinist (or vii have valves (as metal working “concertmaster”) acting as the ‘conductor.’ Parts were techniques were not sufficient often randomly assigned to the instruments available developed to create them) and ii and while the strings eventually developed into the tubas had not yet been invented. grouping we know today (violins, violas, cellos and even • Woodwinds were made entirely double-basses), the use of wind instruments was less of wood; piccolos and bass frequent. While woodwind instruments were present, clarinets did not yet exist, and even the flute was a their use was limited; as a rule, if wind instruments wooden instrument lacking the range and versatility of iii played the melody line, it was only to double the strings. today’s modern flute; If flutes were used at all, it was often in place of the • Although the clarinet was in use, it likely did not have iv oboes.
    [Show full text]
  • Gcse Music Western Classical Music, 1600–1910
    FACTFILE: GCSE MUSIC WESTERN CLASSICAL MUSIC, 1600–1910 Western Classical Music, 1600–1910 Baroque Period 1600–1750 Features of the Style • Long melodies are based on triads, scales and arpeggios. • Ornamentation: trills are often found at cadences. • Sequences are used to repeat melodic and rhythmic patterns. • Harmony is based on major and minor keys, with simple modulations. • Driving rhythms push the music forward. • Terraced dynamics help add contrast to the piece. • One mood throughout the entire piece. • Contrasts in timbres were often used, e.g. soloist v’s orchestra. • Contrasts in textures were often used, e.g. polyphonic and homophonic textures. • Polyphonic textures are the predominant texture in the Baroque period. Instruments • The organ and the harpsichord and the main keyboard instruments. • The orchestra was born in this period but is not of a standard size. • The strings are the largest and most developed section of the orchestra. • New instrumental techniques developed in the strings – pizzicato and tremolo. • The woodwind section developed too – flute, recorder, oboe and bassoon. • The percussion section occasional uses timpani. • The brass section occasionally uses the trumpet. Main Styles of Music Sacred Vocal • Oratorio: a large scale setting of a religious text for soloists, chorus (voices), and orchestra. 1 FACTFILE:FACTFILE: GCSEGCE HISTO MUSICRY : WESTERNOF ART / ARCHITECTURE CLASSICAL MUSIC, 1600–1910 Secular Vocal • Opera developed in Italy and could be serious or light-hearted in nature. In the Baroque opera, two main types of pieces were used in an opera – an aria and a recitative. • An aria is a solo song with instrumental accompaniment. Characteristics of an aria include the use of melisma, repetition, and sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Ebook Download Baroque Woodwind Instruments 1St Edition Ebook, Epub
    BAROQUE WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Paul Carroll | 9781351574662 | | | | | Baroque Woodwind Instruments 1st edition PDF Book Because this arrangement of the fingers looked vaguely like the tines of a fork, some musicians call it a fork fingering. Recorders flauti dolci are sometimes used to express humility or poverty, such as in Bach's cantata Brich dem Hungrigen dein Brot , BWV Carrying forward Baroque practice, composers in the Classical era also wrote chamber music for mixed ensembles of winds with piano or strings or wind concerti, such as those for clarinet and bassoon by Mozart. A bassoon reed is bound with thread and wire over a steel mandrel, which is later removed to leave a hollow rounded stem. Examples of this type of flute include the recorder , ocarina , and organ pipes. Main article: Woodwind section. However, the larger sizes were unwieldy, which made them somewhat rare. The shawm became so closely associated with the town waits die Stadtpfeifer in German and I pifferi in Italian that it was also known as the wait-pipe. Wind instrument Article Media Additional Info. The saxophone, for example, though made of brass, is considered a woodwind because it requires a reed to produce sound. Wind instrument Article Media Additional Info. Because of the acoustic characteristics of flutes and reeds, only a few pitches are available on instruments lacking finger holes. Single-reed woodwinds produce sound by fixing a reed onto the opening of a mouthpiece using a ligature. This family includes the crumhorn. Later, flutes were made of metals such as tin , copper , or bronze.
    [Show full text]
  • Mendelssohn Symphony No.4 in a Major, Op.90 ‘Italian’
    Mendelssohn Symphony No.4 in A major, Op.90 ‘Italian’ EDUQAS: AS Set Work | TEACHERS NOTES BACKGROUND INFORMATION THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR USE WITH THIS RESOURCE: ● Eulenberg score of the ‘Italian’ Symphony by Mendelssohn (ISBN: 978-3-7957-6528-6) ● Recording of the symphony ● Preparatory information work with class regarding: • the musical and stylistic conventions of the Classical/early Romantic era • Mendelssohn’s musical style • sonata form • an analysis of the first movement These notes are intended to assist music teachers in their preparation and delivery of the set work. They are offered as outline guidance, and contain suggestions as to the necessary musical content and background for study, but are not meant to be an exhaustive resource. The information provided for teachers should be used alongside the worksheets for learners, and some additional questions and assignments have been included to support further research and extended understanding. The Classical / Early Romantic Era: • refers to an approximate time between 1750–1830 • began to emerge during the last few years of the previous Baroque era EDUQUAS: AS Set work Mendelssohn Symphony No.4 in A major, Op.90 ‘Italian Teachers’ Notes Mendelssohn Symphony No.4 in A major, Op.90 ‘Italian’ EDUQAS: AS Set Work | TEACHERS NOTES THE MAIN STYLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSICAL/EARLY ROMANTIC MUSIC: • Less complex than Baroque music, with a lighter, clearer texture, including clarity of phrases and less ornamentation. • Emphasised grace (style galante) rather than the grandeur and seriousness of much of Baroque music. • Encased in formal structures which were held in proportion – melodies tended to be shorter, more evenly balanced and punctuated with clearly marked cadences.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodwind Section
    The Classroom Resource resorts Woodwind The Wvoodwind Section Section Repertoire that features the Where did the woodwind section woodwind section come from? Many composers have written pieces just for groups of woodwind players (called a wind The woodwind section of the orchestra ensemble). In Mozart’s time there were settled into its present form in the early Harmonie bands, made up of two flutes, two classical period [dates?]. Before that, clarinets, two horns and two bassoons, that woodwind instruments came and went as played in military services, at the royal courts, they were required for individual pieces and even for operas. Military bands eventually of music. It is generally agreed that the grew into Concert Bands made up of wind, composer Beethoven was responsible for brass and percussion instruments. Classical establishing the standard complement of composers including Mozart, Beethoven, wind instruments; pairs of flutes, oboes, Dvorak, and Strauss composed masterpieces clarinets and bassoons. He occasionally for wind ensembles which were based on the asked for additional instruments, such as instrument arrangement of the orchestral the piccolo (the smaller, higher pitched woodwind section. version of the flute), when he required specific musical effects such as the storm in his sixth symphony. As composers began to use these extra instruments more often, they became settled parts of the orchestra. Beethoven What is tonguing? Tonguing is a technique used by woodwind players to articulate or define different notes by using their tongue on the mouthpiece or reed. Tonguing refers to how the player starts a note; either with an emphasis (accent) or smoothly, and to how they release the note.
    [Show full text]
  • Franz Joseph Haydn's Writing for Wind Instruments and the Evolution of the Military Band and Orchestral Wind Section
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2008 Franz Joseph Haydn's writing for wind instruments and the evolution of the military band and orchestral wind section Jonathan Neiderhiser West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Neiderhiser, Jonathan, "Franz Joseph Haydn's writing for wind instruments and the evolution of the military band and orchestral wind section" (2008). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 2845. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/2845 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Franz Joseph Haydn‟s Writing for Wind Instruments and the Evolution of the Military Band and Orchestral Wind Section Jonathan Neiderhiser Research Project submitted to the College of Creative Arts at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in Performance: Conducting Dr. Kathleen Shannon, chair Prof. John Hendricks Dr. Mary Ferer Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Haydn: London Symphony, No.104 (Movement One) EDUQAS: AS and AL Set Work Teachers’ Notes Background Information
    Haydn: London Symphony, No.104 (Movement one) EDUQAS: AS and AL Set Work Teachers’ Notes Background information The following materials are essential for use with this resource: • Eulenberg score of the ‘London’ Symphony by Haydn (ISBN: 978-3-7957-6523-1) • Recording of the symphony Preparatory information work with class regarding: • the musical and stylistic conventions of the Classical era • Haydn’s musical style • sonata form • an analysis of the first movement These notes are intended to assist music teachers in their preparation and delivery of the set work. They are offered as outline guidance, and contain suggestions as to the necessary musical content and background for study, but are not meant to be an exhaustive resource. The information provided for teachers should be used alongside the worksheets for learners, and some additional questions and assignments have been included to support further research and extended understanding. The Classical Era – • refers to an approximate time between 1750 – 1830 • began to emerge during the last few years of the previous Baroque era Haydn: London Symphony, No.104 (Movement one) EDUQAS: AS and AL Set Work Teachers’ Notes The main stylistic characteristics of Classical music • Less complex than Baroque music, with a lighter, clearer texture including clarity of phrases and less ornamentation. • Emphasised grace (style galante) rather than the grandeur and seriousness of much of Ba- roque music. • Encased in formal structures which were held in proportion: melodies tended to be shorter, more evenly balanced and punctuated with clearly marked cadences, and the regularity and balance of phrase structures brought clarity to the music (- at times, it was the mixture of regular / irregular phrases and rhythms which brought a sense of individuality to a composer’s personal style).
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Orchestra
    GUIDE TO THE ORCHESTRA 2019/20 Richard Hill Teacher’s Guide KinderKonzerts are underwritten by the WILLIAM T. KEMPER FOUNDATION, Commerce Bank, Trustee HELLO FRIENDS! Want to know more about the Kansas City Symphony? You’re in the right place! There are many different instruments played in the Symphony, and each one has an important role in the orchestra’s music-making. Throughout this guide, you’ll find information on each instrument of the orchestra as well as a link to their variation of Britten’s Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, so you can hear how they sound! The Kansas City Symphony is made up of 80 musicians. You can find a list of their names at the back of this guide. While our musicians are sad to be away from the stage right now, many of them are busy creating recordings and videos to help you learn more about their instruments. You can check out these offerings and other fun musical activities at kcsymphony.org/kansas-city-symphony-at-home. There will soon come a time when we can make music for you again in Helzberg Hall. Until then, I hope you enjoy making and learning about music in your own home. See you soon! Sincerely, Stephanie Brimhall Education Manager, Kansas City Symphony (816) 218-2639 | [email protected] KinderKonzerts are part of the John and Marny Sherman Education Series and are underwritten by the William T. Kemper Foundation, Commerce Bank, Trustee. This teacher’s guide and accompanying audio files are underwritten by the Estate of Richard Hill.
    [Show full text]