Music and Physics
Music and Physics A brief lesson in the instruments that make up a modern concert band. The Woodwind Family • The woodwind family consists of piccolos, flutes, oboes, english horns, clarinets, bassoons, and saxophones. • With the exception of the piccolo and flute, the sound is produced by a vibrating reed. • Different pitches are produced by opening and covering holes along the instrument The Brass Family • The brass family typically consists of trumpets, (french) horns, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas. • Sound is produced by forcing air through the mouthpiece. • With the exception of the trombone, pitches are altered by pressing or releasing valves. • All brass players also tighten or relax their lips to change pitch. The Percussion Family • The percussion family contains the most instruments. Some of the standard instruments include the bass drum, snare drum, timpani, bells, cymbals, and the triangle. • Sound is produced by striking some part of the instrument with a mallet, stick, or hands. • Not all percussion instruments can produce multiple pitches. In most cases the pitch of the instrument is dependent on the size of the instrument. • The piccolo is the highest pitched instrument in the band. • The tuba is the lowest pitched instrument commonly found in bands. – The contrabassoon can actually produce lower tones than the tuba, but it is not commonly found in bands. How is the pitch of instruments determined? • As was mentioned earlier, the biggest determining factor in the pitch an instrument produces is the size of the instrument. • The distance that air travels in the instrument also determines the pitch. Generally… • The larger and longer an instrument is, the lower the pitch.
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