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I-12 Ramp Meter Safety Study

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I-12 Ramp Meter Safety Study I-12 RAMP METER SAFETY STUDY August 2011 Presented to: Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development I‐12 Baton Rouge Ramp Meter Study TO‐701‐65‐1085 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 PRE‐RAMP METER DEPLOYMENT FEASIBILITY STUDY ............................................................... 3 3.1 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES REVIEW ........................................................................... 3 3.2 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.3 RESULTS OF INITIAL STUDY .................................................................................................. 5 3.4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ........................................................................................................ 7 3.5 MONITORING ...................................................................................................................... 7 4.0 OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH ..................................................................................................... 7 5.0 DATA COLLECTION ..................................................................................................................... 8 5.1 VOLUMES ............................................................................................................................. 8 5.2 SAFETY ................................................................................................................................. 9 5.3 TRAVEL TIMES AND SPEED DATA ........................................................................................ 9 6.0 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 10 6.1 VOLUMES ........................................................................................................................... 10 6.2 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 10 6.3 TRAVEL TIMES .................................................................................................................... 16 6.3.1 MAINLINE TRAVEL TIMES ......................................................................................... 16 6.3.2 SIDE STREET TRAVEL TIMES ..................................................................................... 20 6.4 TRAVEL SPEEDS .................................................................................................................. 21 6.5 RAMP METER MONITORING ............................................................................................. 22 6.5.1 RAMP METER FLUSH AT RANGE AVENUE ................................................................ 22 6.5.2 RAMP METER FLUSH AT O’NEAL LANE .................................................................... 24 6.5.3 RAMP METER FLUSH AT MILLERVILLE ROAD ........................................................... 24 7.0 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 25 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 26 APPENDIX ABMB Engineers, Inc. i I‐12 Baton Rouge Ramp Meter Study TO‐701‐65‐1085 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Ramp Meter Deployment Figure 2: Comparison of Non‐Ramp Meter to Ramp Meter Operation Figure 3: Ramp Meter Deployment Figure 4: Number of Crashes per Year, AM Peak Hour, Pre‐Ramp Metering Figure 5: Number of Crashes per Year, AM Peak Hour, Post‐Ramp Metering Figure 6: Number of Crashes per Year, PM Peak Hour, Pre‐Ramp Metering Figure 7: Number of Crashes per Year, PM Peak Hour, Post‐Ramp Metering Figure 8: AM Field Measured Travel Times of Pre‐ and Post‐Ramp Meter Figure 9: AM Peak Hour Field Measured Travel Times of Pre‐ and Post‐Ramp Meter Figure 10: PM Field Measure Travel Times of Pre‐ and Post‐Ramp Meter Figure 11: AM Travel Speeds from Walker Road to Essen Lane Figure 12: PM Travel Speeds from Essen Lane to O’Neal Lane Figure 13: AM Travel Times Due to Range Flush Function LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of Findings Table 2: I‐12 Ramp Meter Study Results Table 3: Sample of Collected Volumes Table 4: Sample of DOTD Crash Data Table 5: I‐12 Peak Period Volumes Table 6: I‐12 Corridor Safety Data (East Baton Rouge Parish) Table 7: Summary of Mainline Travel Times Table 8: Side Street Travel Times Table 9: Summary of Travel Speeds Table 10: Summary of Findings ABMB Engineers, Inc. ii I‐12 Baton Rouge Ramp Meter Study TO–701‐65‐1085 1 Executive Summary ABMB Engineers, Inc. (ABMB) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of ramp meters for the performance on Interstate 12 in East Baton Rouge and Livingston Parishes. The ramp meters were deployed in 2010 on 14 entrance ramps which access Interstate 12. Impacts to travel times, travel speeds, safety, and traffic volumes are detailed and analyzed in this study. This study was conducted by collecting data before and after the implementation of the ramp meters. The data includes volume collection from vehicle detection cameras, radar detection; travel times collected by ABMB and DOTD; as well as safety information from DOTD. This data was graphed and analyzed to observe changes caused by the implementation of ramp meters. Ramp meters have been proven to increase safety of merging vehicles from the entrance ramps with the interstate traffic. To determine the effectiveness of the ramp meter regarding safety, crash data along the I‐12 corridor was obtained from DOTD from 2005 to 2008 prior to ramp meter installation and from 2010 to 2011 after the installation of ramp meters. As shown in Table 1, the overall percentage of accidents has decreased along the Interstate 12 corridor with the use of ramp metering. Additionally, a significant reduction of crashes has been reported on the weaving section between Essen Lane and the I‐10 eastbound exit. The number of crashes has reduced from 21 pre‐ramp meter to 6 post‐ramp meter. There are two measures of congestion that can be recorded and evaluated: travel time and speed. Travel times were found to be shorter by four minutes on average during the morning commute and by three minutes on average during the afternoon commute. One of the primary concerns about ramp meters is the impact to side streets. Travel times along the on‐ramps were collected for both before and after the deployment of ramp meters. The greatest impact was found to be 1:25 minutes. Since the travel times were reduced on average by 4:00 minutes on the mainline, the time waiting at the ramp meter is recaptured by improved travel times on the mainline. A summary of these findings can be seen in Table 1 below. Table 1: Summary of Findings No Ramp Ramp % Meter Meter Change Travel Time (minutes) 26:03 22:07 ‐15% WB Travel Speed (mph) 40 46 15% AM Number of Crashes (per year) 73 61 ‐17% Travel Time (minutes) 15:12 12:23 ‐19% EB Travel Speed (mph) 34 40 18% PM Number of Crashes (per year) 162 150 ‐7% One additional finding of the study was that the onset of congestion during the afternoon peak period is delayed by 30 minutes or more as a result of ramp meter operation. This means that the Interstate operated in a free‐flow state for an additional 30 minutes or more. ABMB Engineers, Inc. Page 1 I‐12 Baton Rouge Ramp Meter Study TO–701‐65‐1085 Due to the deployment of ramp meter, free‐flow speeds were maintained for longer periods of time, travel times were reduced and crashes were reduced. Overall, the time spent waiting to be processed through the ramp meter is far outweighed by the gains experienced by having a safer, more reliable and less congested interstate. The price of congestion has been measured at $16.01 for passenger vehicles and $105.67 for freight. The ramp meters have been measured to save 131,625 hours of lost time per year. This equates to a savings to the motoring public of $3,287,466. At a total cost of $1,200,000 to install the entire system, the ramp meters provide a substantial improvement to the mobility of the general public. Currently, the westbound ramp meters operate from 6:00 AM to 10:00 AM during the morning commute and the eastbound ramp meters operate from 2:00 PM to 7:00 PM during the evening commute. Based on this study, it was determined that the ramp meter operations may be shortened to operate between 6:30 to 9:00 in the morning and 3:00 to 7:00 in the afternoon. Figure 1: Ramp Meter Deployment 9 8 7 Phase 1 Ramp Meter 6 15 5 Deployment 16 3 4 10 2 1. Essen Lane WB 1 11 12 2. SB Airline Highway WB 13 3. NB Airline Highway WB 14 4. Sherwood Forest WB 5. Millerville Road WB 6. O’Neal Lane WB 7. Range Avenue WB Phase 2 Ramp Meter 8. Juban Road WB 9. Walker Road WB Deployment 10. Millerville Road EB 11. Sherwood Forest EB 12. NB Airline Highway EB 15. Range Avenue EB 13. SB Airline Highway EB 16. O’Neal Lane EB 14. Jefferson Highway EB ABMB Engineers, Inc. Page 2 I‐12 Baton Rouge Ramp Meter Study TO–701‐65‐1085 2 Introduction In 2009, widening of the Interstate 12 (I‐12) corridor from East Baton Rouge Parish into Livingston Parish began, which was proposed to widen the existing four lane section to six lanes. The construction project was warranted
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