Unusual Theropod Eggshells from the Early Cretaceous Blesa Formation of the Iberian Range, Spain
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Unusual theropod eggshells from the Early Cretaceous Blesa Formation of the Iberian Range, Spain MIGUEL MORENO-AZANZA, JOSÉ I. CANUDO, and JOSÉ M. GASCA Moreno-Azanza, M., Canudo, J.I., and Gasca, J.M. 2014. Unusual theropod eggshells from the Early Cretaceous Blesa Formation of the Iberian Range, Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (4): 843–854. Trigonoolithus amoae oogen. et oosp. nov. is described on the basis of abundant eggshell fragments from the La Can- talera 1 site in the Early Cretaceous (early Barremian) Blesa Formation, Teruel Province, northern Spain. The surface ornamentation, the most diagnostic feature of the new oogenus, consists of closely spaced sub-triangular or rounded pro- tuberances that have not previously been reported in any other ootaxon. The eggshells present three distinct layers, with a gradual transition between prismatic and mammillary layers, and a poorly developed external layer with progressive prismatic to external layer transition, a combination of characters that allows them to be assigned to Prismatoolithidae. Phylogenetic analyses based on oological characters place Trigonoolithus at the base of Prismatoolithidae. Key words: Dinosauria, Theropoda, Prismatoolithidae, parataxonomy, dinosaur eggshells, Barremian, Cretaceous, Blesa Formation, Teruel Province, Spain. Miguel Moreno-Azanza [[email protected]], José I. Canudo [[email protected]], and José M. Gasca [gascajm@ unizar.es], Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Área de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Received 29 June 2012, accepted 19 February 2013, available online 19 February 2013. Copyright © 2014 M. Moreno-Azanza et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. sic of Portugal (Mateus et al. 1997). The eggshell structure Introduction resembles material assigned to the Prismatoolithidae ooge- nus Preprismatoolithus from the Late Jurassic of Colorado, Prismatoolithidae eggs and eggshells have been recovered which is the type genus of Prismatoolithidae (Zelenitsky and from Asia, Europe and North America (Mikhailov 1997), and Hills 1996). Finally, Prismatoolithidae is strongly related to this oofamily extends from the Late Jurassic (Hirsch 1994; some avian eggshells (Zelenitsky et al. 2002), with incipient Mateus et al. 1997) to the latest Cretaceous (Vianey-Liaud states of the most characteristic avian eggshell feature, the and López-Martínez 1997). However, these eggshells are squamatic structure, having been unambiguously reported in especially abundant in Late Cretaceous localities (Zele- Upper Cretaceous Prismatoolithidae eggs from North Ameri- nitsky and Hills 1996; Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez ca (Zelenitsky et al. 2002; Jackson and Varricchio 2010 ) and 1997; Varricchio et al. 2002), whereas the record in the Early Spain (López-Martínez and Vicens 2012). Cretaceous is sparse and restricted to the Iberian Peninsula Such a substantial amount of taxonomic information, (Canudo et al. 2010). with primitive and derived taxa based on skeletal remains as- Although first thought to have been laid by hypsilopho- sociated with the same oofamily, has provided an unrivalled dontid dinosaurs (Horner and Weishampel 1988) or even sample to test the viability of the cladistic approach to egg basal ceratopsians (Mikhailov 1994), the reinterpretation of classification. Several analyses have been carried out (Var- a clutch of eggs with embryos previously assigned to Oro- ricchio and Jackson 2004; Grellet-Tinner and Makovicky dromeus makelai (Horner and Weishampel 1988) and Pris- 2006; Zelenitsky and Thierrien 2008a, b), all yielding similar matoolithus levis eggshells as Troodon formosus embryos has information: Prismatoolithidae + avian eggs is a monophy- confirmed the theropod origin of this type of eggshell (Horner letic clade, sister to, or closely related to, oviraptorid and/ and Weishampel 1996; Varricchio et al. 2002; Zelenitsky et or dromaeosaurian eggs, with some Prismatoolithidae eggs al. 2002). In addition, eggs with a prismatic structure and em- being more closely related to dromaeosaurians than to other bryonic material assigned to the theropod Lourinhanosaurus, Prismatoolithidae eggs (e.g., Lourinhanosaurus forming a which has recently been identified as a basal coelurosaurian polytomy with oviraptorid eggs in Varricchio and Jackson (Carrano et al. 2012), have been reported in the Late Juras- 2004). This incongruence with the phylogenetic hypothesis Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 59 (4): 843–854, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2012.0069 844 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 59 (4), 2014 based on skeletal characters—according to which dromaeo- B saurians are more closely related to troodontids than to ovi- Oliete Iberian B C raptorids and all these groups are more derived than Lourin- Chain Ol Herb hanosaurus—is the most important issue for this approach ers Fault (Zelenitsky and Thierrien 2008a). A Morella In this paper we report a new oogenus and oospecies with- Ga TurmellFaultZone in the oofamily Prismatoolithidae from the Early Cretaceous C e M Vinar só d r ir La Cantalera 1 site in Teruel Province, Spain, and assess its il a la v s e t phylogenetic relationship to previously described ootaxa. Fa e Umbral Zone Teruel ul Fa t ult La Cantalera Mora Institutional abbreviations.—MPZ, Museo Paleontológico de Rubielos ver Sea de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. Ri Tertiary a Mediterranean ler 2km Mesozoic nta a Castell nó 20 km C C Paleozoic Geological and palaeontological D setting The Iberian basin of northeast Spain is an intracratonic basin Cantalera River that developed during Mesozoic extension (Salas et al. 2001). An Early Cretaceous stage of rifting resulted in the formation of several subsiding basins across the Iberian Peninsula. The La Cantalera site is located in the Oliete subbasin, within the large Cretaceous Maestrazgo basin (Salas et al. 2001). The La Cantalera site consists of outcrops of Early Cretaceous clay deposits (“Wealden facies”) of the lower Blesa Formation. 400 m This lithostratigraphic unit has a complex evolution in the Cantalera River area around the locality of Josa, where a small, isolated basin developed, including a lower part with alluvial to lacustrine Miocene Lower Jurassic marl and limestone sedimentary deposits, followed by an upper part with two conglomerate and clay episodes that record coastal and lagoonal deposition (Canudo Turmiel Formation (50 m) et al. 2010). Laterally, these grey clays yield abundant Juras- Lower Cretaceous Alacó n Formation Barahona Formation sic clasts and invertebrate marine fossils reworked from the bioclastic limestone (25 m) (50 m) nearby palaeorelief. Aurell et al. (2004) showed that the pa- Almonacid and Cerro laeorelief surrounding the small, isolated basin resulted from Blesa Formation (upper part) Pez formations (50 m) limestone and marl the Jurassic uplift of marly limestone rocks along a set of N-S (100 m) Cuevas Labradas Formation (100 m) to NE-SW trending normal faults (Fig. 1) Blesa Formation (lower part) The locality of La Cantalera is dated as early Barremian, red clay and limestone Cortes de Taju añ within the Triquetra Subzone by Atopochara trivolvis tri- (50–140 m) Formation (150–250 m) quetra (Riveline et al. 1996; Canudo et al. 2012). This locality Middle/Upper Jurassic Upper Triassic has been interpreted as an ephemeral lake or pond within an Chelva and Pozuel formations Imó n Formation (30 m) alluvial setting associated with small alluvial fans (Aurell et al. oolitic limestone (50 m) tabular dolostones 2004). La Cantalera includes a microvertebrate accumulation Fig. 1. Geographical and geological location of the site of La Cantalera 1 consisting mainly of teeth and isolated postcranial remains, (early Barremian, Teruel, Spain), modified from Canudo et al. (2010). although eggshells are also present. In the sense of Eberth A. Simplified geological map of the Iberian Peninsula. B. Palaeogeo- and Currie (2005), La Cantalera is a vertebrate microfossil graphic subbasins (Ol, Oliete; Pa, Las Parras; Ga, Galve; Mo, Morella; Pe, assemblage (i.e., a concentration of small, multitaxic verte- Perelló; Sa, Salzedella; Pg, Peñagolosa) within the Maestrazgo Basin and active faults during Early Cretaceous sedimentation, modified from Salas brate remains dominated by elements that are less than 5 cm in et al. (2001). C. Detailed location of the La Cantalera site near the village maximum dimension). These vertebrate remains include par- of Josa, Teruel. D. Geological map of the La Cantalera area with the local tially articulated remains and disarticulated vertebrate debris. geological units. The latter formed as an attritional deposit through progressive accumulation on a poorly drained floodplain (Canudo et al. taxa (Canudo et al. 2010) and no less than 8 different ootaxa 2010). Within this low-energy depositional setting, preserva- (Moreno-Azanza et al. 2009a). The faunal assemblage of La tional patterns differ and the faunal assemblage includes both Cantalera consists almost exclusively of terrestrial and am- autochthonous and parautochthonous elements. The locality phibious taxa that lived nearby (Canudo et al. 2010). Because has yielded thousands of skeletal remains from at least 31 there is no indication of significant transport, the faunal as- MORENO-AZANZA ET AL.—BARREMIAN EGGSHELLS FROM