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Experimental Study of Nearshore Dynamics on a Barred Beach with Rip Channels Merrick C
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. C6, 3061, 10.1029/2001JC000955, 2002 Experimental study of nearshore dynamics on a barred beach with rip channels Merrick C. Haller1 Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Robert A. Dalrymple and Ib A. Svendsen Center for Applied Coastal Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA Received 4 May 2001; revised 17 October 2001; accepted 6 November 2001; published 28 June 2002. [ 1 ] Wave and current measurements are presented from a set of laboratory experiments performed on a fixed barred beach with periodically spaced rip channels using a range of incident wave conditions. The data demonstrate that the presence of gaps in otherwise longshore uniform bars dominates the nearshore circulation system for the incident wave conditions considered. For example, nonzero cross-shore flow and the presence of longshore pressure gradients, both resulting from the presence of rip channels, are not restricted to the immediate vicinity of the channels but instead are found to span almost the entire length of the longshore bars. In addition, the combination of breaker type and location is the dominant driving mechanism of the nearshore flow, and both are found to be strongly influenced by the variable bathymetry and the presence of a strong rip current. The depth-averaged currents are calculated from the measured velocities assuming conservation of mass across the measurement grid. The terms in both the cross-shore and longshore momentum balances are calculated, and their relative magnitudes are quantified. The cross-shore balance is shown to be dominated by the cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients in general agreement with previous results, however, the rip current is shown to influence the wave breaking and the wave-induced setup in the rip channel. -
Rebreather' Helps Navy Divers Beneath the Waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr
Deep breath: New 'rebreather' helps navy divers beneath the waves 31 May 2018, by Warren Duffie Jr. Panama City. The technology is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research Global (ONR Global) TechSolutions program. TechSolutions is ONR Global's rapid- response science and technology program that develops prototype technologies to address problems voiced by Sailors and Marines, usually within 12 months. "This rebreather system is an awesome opportunity to enhance the capabilities of Navy divers and accelerate their deployments," said ONR Command Master Chief Matt Matteson, who heads up TechSolutions. A US Navy diver gives the okay sign following his dive using the Office of Naval Research Global Navy diving missions include underwater rescues, TechSolutions-sponsored MK29 Mixed Gas Rebreather explosive ordnance disposal, ship hull system, which was developed at the Naval Surface maintenance, recovery of sunken equipment, and Warfare Center, Panama City Division. The new system salvage of vessels and aircraft. will conserve helium, which is a valuable natural resource, accelerate the deployment of Navy divers, and increase safety. Credit: U.S. Navy photo by John F. Beneath the waves, Navy divers breathe a careful Williams/Released mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Below 150 feet, however, nitrogen becomes toxic—leading to nitrogen narcosis, a drowsy state that can dull mental sharpness severely and jeopardize safe The muscular U.S. Navy diver hoisted a 60-pound return to the surface. life-support regulator onto his back, then donned a 30-pound metal helmet. The solution is to replace nitrogen with helium. However, helium is expensive and hard to obtain Fellow divers connected his diving suit to an because of recent worldwide shortages. -
How to Make Solo Rebreather Diving Safer
technical So,what’s Say that you dive on your own with wrong about a rebreather and wait for the reactions. matters bringing a Rubiks cube You’ll hear some nasty comments about along on a dive? you being an accident waiting to happen Discussions about diving never did a solo dive. The other 92 percent have done at least a few Column by are very often boring— solo dives, with 33 percent doing Cedric Verdier always the same stories mostly solo diving. about numerous sharks Of course, a poll only represents dangerously close, strong the opinion of a few individuals current ripping a mask off who want to answer the questions. It cannot be considered as the “big or friendly dolphins play- picture” of the entire rebreather ing during a deco stop. diver community. Nevertheless, it We heard them so many shows that some rebreather divers times. keep on diving solo, even if the perceived risk is so high… So, if you want to have some Why people don’t dive fun, simply say that you dive on solo with a rebreather? your own with a rebreather and Simply because that’s one wait for the reactions. You’ll hear of the most basic rules some nasty comments about one learns during the you being an accident waiting Open Water Diver to happen, and some people course: “Never dive will clearly show you their option alone”. It’s so famous about your mental health. that it’s almost a dogma. And it sounds Why? Because everybody so logical? knows that CCR Solo diving is the most stupid thing to do on Earth 1. -
Regulator Owner's Manual
® ® Regulator Owner’s Manual Regulator Owner’s Manual Manufactured by Apeks Marine Equipment Ltd. Neptune Way, Blackburn, Lancashire BB1 2BT England www.apeks.co.uk REGULATOR SERVICE RECORD MODEL______________________ DATE PURCHASED:____________________ Copyright Notice This owner’s manual is copyrighted, all rights reserved. It may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or DATE SERVICED:________________________ reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Apeks. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP ©2004 Apeks PARTS CHANGED: ST Regulator Owner’s Manual __________________________________________________________________ Please read the instructions in this manual carefully before using your DATE SERVICED:________________________ regulator. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP Warnings, Cautions and Notes PARTS CHANGED: ST Pay special attention to information provided in warnings, cautions, and notes, that is accompanied by these symbols: __________________________________________________________________ DATE SERVICED:________________________ A WARNING indicates a procedure or situation that, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or death to the user. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP PARTS CHANGED: ST A CAUTION indicates any situation or technique that could cause damage to the product, and could subsequently result in __________________________________________________________________ injury to the user. -
Inquest Finding
Coroners Act 1996 [Section 26(1)] Western Australia RECORD OF INVESTIGATION INTO DEATH Ref No: 18/17 I, Barry Paul King, Coroner, having investigated the death of Jarrod Arthur Hampton with an inquest held at the Perth Coroner’s Court on 15 May 2017 to 18 May 2017 and on 22 May 2017 to 26 May 2017, find that the identity of the deceased person was Jarrod Arthur Hampton and that death occurred on 14 April 2012 in the waters of the Indian Ocean approximately 90 nautical miles south of Broome from drowning secondary to incapacitation from air embolism in the following circumstances: Counsel Appearing: Sergeant L Housiaux assisted the Coroner Ms G A Archer SC (instructed by Corrs Chambers Westgarth) and Mr N D Ellery appeared for Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Ltd Mr A Coote appeared for the deceased’s family Mr P Hopwood appeared for the Pearl Producers Association Ms H C Richardson (State Solicitors Office) appeared for WorkSafe Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 THE EVIDENCE ................................................................................................................ 4 THE DECEASED ............................................................................................................... 8 THE DECEASED’S DIVING BACKGROUND ....................................................................... 9 THE DECEASED’S SHOULDER AND PECTORALIS MAJOR .............................................. 10 THE DECEASED JOINS -
Public Safety Scuba Diving
Industry Guide 47 A Guide to Public Safety Diving N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Division N.C. Department of Labor 1101 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1101 Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor OSHA State Plan Designee Kevin Beauregard Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Scott Mabry Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Tom Savage Standards Officer Author Acknowledgments A Guide to Public Safety Diving has been prepared with materials and information from the General Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations, and OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-151 (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This guide also contains information from sources such as U.S. Navy Diving Manual, National Association of Search and Rescue, California Department Fish and Game Diving Safety Manual, and the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 1670—Standard on Operations and Technical Search and Rescue. Through an existing alliance established between the N.C. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Divi- sion and the North Carolina Public Safety Divers’ Association (PSDA), a collaborative effort was established to make this guide possible. The PSDA board of directors provided expertise involving public safety diving in sharing best practices and technical knowledge. A special thanks to Chuck Elgin, North Carolina Underwater Response Team, for his dedication and hard work assisting in the development of this publication. This guide is intended to be consistent with all existing OSHA standards; therefore, if an area is considered by the reader to be inconsistent with a standard, then the OSHA standard should be followed. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
A History of Closed Circuit O2 Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) A HISTORY OF CLOSED CIRCUIT OXYGEN UNDEnWATER BRDA'1'HIllG AJ'PARATU'S, by , Dan Quiok Project 1/70 School of Underwater Medicine, H MAS PENGUIN, Naval P.O. Balmoral, IT S W .... 2091. May, 1970 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Foreword. Page No. 1 Introduction. " 2 General History. " 3 History Il: Types of CCOUBA Used In 11 United Kingdom. " History & Types of CCOUBA Used In 46 Italy. " History & Types o:f CCOUBJl. Used In 54 Germany. " History & Types of CCOUEA Used In 67 Frr>.!1ce. " History·& Types of CeOUM Used In 76 United States of America. " Summary. " 83 References. " 89 Acknowledgements. " 91 Contributor. " 91 Alphabetical Index. " 92 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) - 1 - FOREWORD I am very pleased to have the opportunity of introducing this history, having been responsible for the British development of the CCOt~ for special operations during World War II and afterwards. This is a unique and comprehensive summary of world wide development in this field. It is probably not realised what a vital part closed circuit breathing apparatus played in World War II. Apart from escapes from damaged and sunken submarines by means of the DSEA, and the special attacks on ships by human torpedoes and X-craft, including the mortal damage to the "Tirpitz", an important part of the invasion forces were the landing craft obstruction clearance units. These were special teams of frogmen in oxygen breathing sets who placed demolition charges on the formidable underwater obstructions along the north coast of France. -
Dry Suit Diving Provides the Diver with a Layer of Air Around the Body
Dry suits come into play when preventing convection is no longer adequate in delaying the loss of body heat. A dry suit Dry Suit Diving provides the diver with a layer of air around the body. Air is a better thermal insulator than water. A diver will still get cold, but the additional delay in losing body heat will make it possibleto enjoya diveinthecoldest environments. The layer of air is an advantage for thermal insulation. The air in the suit also offers options for positioning in the water that would be difficult with a wetsuit. Unfortunately the added advantage is a trade-off with inconveniences. Diving in adrysuit is not without challenges. An additional airspace (next to lungs and BCD) makes buoyancy control more difficult. Dry suits require special maintenance. Dry suits also alter requirements for other equipment items and in most cases come with a need for additional weight. Dry suit training is needed in order to cope with the additional challenges. Dry suit training will also provide valuable information for selecting your own drysuit. Divers lose their body heat via direct contact with the colder water. The body heat is lost via conduction. Conduction means that the warmer substance (the skin) has direct contact with the colder substance (water). An unprotected swimmer loses body heat up to 25 times faster in water than in air. Convection refers to the fact that warmed-up water is lighter than colder water. The warmer water moves up and is replaced by colder water. Your body therefore is repeatedly heating up cold water. -
Argon Used As Dry Suit Insulation Gas for Cold-Water Diving Xavier CE Vrijdag1*, Pieter-Jan AM Van Ooij2 and Robert a Van Hulst1,2,3
Vrijdag et al. Extreme Physiology & Medicine 2013, 2:17 http://www.extremephysiolmed.com/content/2/1/17 RESEARCH Open Access Argon used as dry suit insulation gas for cold-water diving Xavier CE Vrijdag1*, Pieter-Jan AM van Ooij2 and Robert A van Hulst1,2,3 Abstract Background: Cold-water diving requires good thermal insulation because hypothermia is a serious risk. Water conducts heat more efficiently compared to air. To stay warm during a dive, the choice of thermal protection should be based on physical activity, the temperature of the water, and the duration of exposure. A dry suit, a diving suit filled with gas, is the most common diving suit in cold water. Air is the traditional dry suit inflation gas, whereas the thermal conductivity of argon is approximately 32% lower compared to that of air. This study evaluates the benefits of argon, compared to air, as a thermal insulation gas for a dry suit during a 1-h cold-water dive by divers of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Methods: Seven male Special Forces divers made (in total) 19 dives in a diving basin with water at 13°C at a depth of 3 m for 1 h in upright position. A rubber dry suit and woollen undergarment were used with either argon (n = 13) or air (n = 6) (blinded to the divers) as suit inflation gas. Core temperature was measured with a radio pill during the dive. Before, halfway, and after the dive, subjective thermal comfort was recorded using a thermal comfort score. Results: No diver had to abort the test due to cold. -
IST Proear Diving Mask – User’S Manual
IST ProEar Diving Mask – User’s manual Introduction Congratulations! You are now the owner of the revolutionary IST ProEar mask. As it offers an entirely different concept to diving safety and comfort, the full benefits of the ProEar may take.one or two dives of getting used to. There are 3 models available to choose from: ME7 single lens mask (clear blue), ME55 twin lens mask (all black) and the original twin lens ProEar ME80 (carbon fibre pattern or clear blue). All are equipped with the same silicone ear cups, equalisation tubes and the twin lens models can also accommodate IST specially made optical lenses (item no.: OL55 and OL80). Excellent for diving as well as snorkelling, the benefits of the ProEar mask are: z Improving comfort and preventing painful ear problems while diving z Improving hearing and sense of direction underwater z Simplifying pressure equalisation z Increase warmth around the ears by insulating them from water We recommend you to try this unique mask in confined water until you are familiar and comfortable with it. Preparation Prior to using your new mask for the first time, thoroughly clean the mask lens(es) with a non-abrasive liquid detergent or toothpaste to remove any production residue, and then rinse with fresh water. Wearing the mask When putting on the mask, it is preferable to hold the ear cups in the palm of each hand as you gently slip the whole mask over your head. Do not use excessive force to pull or it may break apart. Also make sure: z As little hair gets into the silicone ear skirts and mask skirt as possible. -
Cat-Diving 2019-LR.Pdf
#divingsportl catalog 2017 catalog 2019 Our Vision WHY DIVE AN OCEAN REEF IDM ....................................................6 - GCM DC2 .............................................................................................30 SPORT DIVER LINE / GIDIVERS – IDMS - CHOOSE A COLOR..........9 HARDWIRED COMMUNICATION ..............................................32 SPORT DIVER LINE / GDIVERS – COMMUNICATION & - ALPHA PRO X DIVERS ..................................................................32 ACCESSORIES .....................................................................................10 - CABLEING ...............................................................................................33 GSM GDIVERS ......................................................................................10 - CABLE FLOATER ..............................................................................33 DAMPER ...................................................................................................10 - GSM CUBE3 .........................................................................................33 GDIVERS SURFACE AIR VALVE ...................................................11 PARTS AND ACCESSORIES ........................................................34 GDIVERS M1O1A ...................................................................................11 - D-MIC ......................................................................................................34 GDIVERS M100 ......................................................................................11