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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87409-0 - Modern Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions Edited by Markku Miettinen Index More information Index abdominal ependymoma, 744 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 631 adult fibrosarcoma (AF), 364–365, 1026 abdominal extrauterine smooth muscle ovarian adenocarcinoma, 72, 79 adult granulosa cell tumor, 523–524 tumors, 79 pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 846 clinical features, 523 abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 51 genetics, 524 tumors, 297–298 renal adenocarcinoma, 67 pathology, 523–524 abdominal leiomyoma, 467, 477 serous cystadenocarcinoma, 631 adult rhabdomyoma, 548–549 abdominal leiomyosarcoma. See urinary bladder/urogenital tract clinical features, 548 gastrointestinal stromal tumor adenocarcinoma, 72, 401 differential diagnosis, 549 (GIST) uterine adenocarcinomas, 72 genetics, 549 abdominal perivascular epithelioid cell tumors adenofibroma, 523 pathology, 548–549 (PEComas), 542 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1035 aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM), 514–518 abdominal wall desmoids, 244 adenomatoid tumor, 811–813 clinical features, 514–516 acquired elastotic hemangioma, 598 adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, 143 differential diagnosis, 518 acquired tufted angioma, 590 adenosarcoma (mullerian¨ adenosarcoma), 523 genetics, 518 acral arteriovenous tumor, 583 adipocytic lesions (cytology), 1017–1022 pathology, 516 acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma atypical lipomatous tumor/well- aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma, (AMIFS), 365–370, 1026 differentiated liposarcoma, 1021 799 clinical features, 365–367 fat necrosis (FN), 1018 AIDS/HIV infection, 401, 423, 636. See also differential diagnosis, 370 hibernoma, 1019–1021 epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma genetics, 370 lipoblastoma (LB), 1018–1019 alkaptonuric ochronosis, 950–951 pathology, 368 lipoma, 1017–1018 ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene acroangiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi’s myxoid/round cell liposarcoma,1021–1022 arrangements, 134–136, 138–139 sarcoma), 603 myxolipoma (ML), 1018 alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), 67 actinic keratosis, 836 spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma (SC/PL), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), 67 actinomycin D, 1064 1019 alpha-internexin, 59 actinomycosis, 202 adrenal pheochromocytoma, 58, 662, 758–761 alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA), 52–53 actins, 51–52 clinical features, 758 Alport’s syndrome, 467, 469 acute bartonellosis, 602–603 genetic syndrome, 758–760 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, 56, 84, 110, 551, acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), 131 immunohistochemistry, 760–761 559–561, 1037–1038 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 453, 994–996 malignancy prediction, 760 differential diagnosis, 918, 1037–1038, FOX gene fusion in, 133 non–syndrome-related genetics, 761 1051 FUS-ERG gene fusion in, 129 pathology, 758 genetics, 138–139 WT1 overexpression in, 143 ultrastructure, 761 histopathology, 559–560 acute purulent synovitis (septic arthritis), adrenal tumors. See also adrenal MYCN amplification in, 138–139 939–940 pheochromocytoma PAX3-AFX/PAX3-NCOA1 fusion genes adenocarcinoma, 72, 73, 79 adrenal cortical carcinoma, 72 in, 147 aggressive digital papillary adrenal myelolipoma, 405 PAX-FKHR fusion genes in, 132, 133 adenocarcinoma, 799 adrenocortical clear cell carcinoma, 454 alveolar sarcoma, 559 differential diagnosis, 1035 bilateral adrenal myelolipoma, 405 alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), 2, 30, 1049 ductal adenocarcinoma, 73 cortical adenoma, 64 ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion in, 134 hepatobiliary adenocarcinoma, 72 metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma, 852 clinical features lung adenocarcinoma, 72 multiple extra-adrenal myelolipoma, 405 in soft tissue, 930–931 metastatic gastrointestinal pheochromocytoma of the adrenal, in visceral sites, 931 adenocarcinoma, 846 758–761 differential diagnosis, 935–936, 1046, 1049 page 1083 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87409-0 - Modern Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions Edited by Markku Miettinen Index More information 1084 INDEX alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) (cont.) angiomyolipoma (AML), 63, 64, 531–536, atypical lipoma, 208, 436 genetics, 936 1046. See also perivascular atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), 83, 447, histogenesis, 935 epithelioid cell tumors 1021, 1059 immunohistochemistry, 934–935 clinical features, 531–532 of subcutis (atypical lipoma), 432–434 pathology, 931–932 differential diagnosis, 536, 1046 atypical tenosynovial giant cell tumor, ultrastructure, 935 genetics and biology, 536 940–961 American Cancer Society, 2, 11 immunohistochemistry, 536 American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) pathology, 532–536 bacillary angiomatosis, 601–602 staging system, 6 angiomyoma. See angioleiomyoma Baker cysts, 35, 314 amputation, role of, 1060 angiomyomatous hamartoma of lymph, banding of chromosome preparations, 107 amputation neuroma (traumatic neuroma), 30, 461 Bartholin’s cyst, 512 32, 662 angiomyxoma, 54, 137 basal cell carcinoma, 839 amyloid tumor (amyloidoma), 976–978 of the pelvis, 80 basal cell nevus syndrome, 551 anaplastic carcinoma, 1030–1031 angiosarcoma, 3, 25, 29, 617, 1039 basement membrane collagen, 182 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) breast parenchymal, 628 basement membrane protein, 75–76 differential diagnosis, 1030–1031 cardiovascular, 629–631 collagen type IV (four), 75–76 noncutaneous, 992–994 classic type, 1039 laminin, 75 primary cutaneous, 994 cutaneous, of scalp, 625–626, 631 practical uses, 76 anaplastic lymphoma, 72, 75, 131, 135, 297 deep soft tissue, 628 B-cell lymphoma, 72, 138, 549 ancient schwannoma, 1032 described, 623–625 bcl-2 gene product, 76 androgenic anabolic steroids, 4 differential diagnosis, 504, 600, 633–634 bcl-2 protein, 982 aneurysmal (cellular) fibrous histiocytoma, 229 epithelioid type, 1039 Becker’s nevus/melanosis, 461 angioblastic meningiomas. See meningeal foreign-body associated, 631 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 551, 896, hemangiopericytoma genetics, 636 897 angiofibroma, cellular, 478, 514–515 germ cell tumor-associated, 631 Bednar tumor (pigmented clinical features, 514 hepatic, 3, 4, 617, 628–629 dermatofibrosarcoma), 675 differential diagnosis, 514 histopathology of, 631–633 benign fibroblastic/myofibroblastic pathology, 514 HRAS/KRAS mutations, 128 proliferations in children angiofibroma, nasopharyngeal, 269–271 immunohistochemistry, 44, 47, 48, 58, 72, angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous clinical features, 269–270 73, 80, 634–636 histiocytoma, 292–297 differential diagnosis, 271 lymphedema-associated, 626–628 calcifying (juvenile) aponeurotic fibroma, pathology, 270–271 nerve sheath tumor-associated, 631 264–265 angiogenesis biology, 574–575 pediatric, 631 calcifying fibrous (pseudo)tumor, 260–261 angiography, 13. See also computed splenic, 628–629 cerebriform fibrous proliferation in tomography angiography (CTA) treatment, 1078 proteus syndrome, 280–281 angiokeratoma, 581–582 well-differentiated, 50 cranial fasciitis, 255–256 angioleiomyoma, 463–466, 478 wide-excision treatment, 1063–1064 fibromatosis coli, 256–258 clinical features, 464 anthracyclines, 1073, 1078 fibrous hamartoma of infancy, 271–273 differential diagnosis, 461 antiangiogenic therapy. See gemcitabine; fibrous umbilical polyp, 258–259 genetics, 466 sorafenib Gardner fibroma, 268–269 pathology, 464–466 APC inactivation/β-catenin activation in Wnt gingival fibromatosis, 258–260 angiolipoma, 402–403 pathway, 143 infantile diffuse fibromatosis, 268 clinical features, 402 appendiceal gastrointestinal stromal tumor infantile (congenital) fibrosarcoma, genetics, 403 (GIST), 497–498 301–302 pathology, 402–403 array-based comparative genomic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, hybridization (aCGH), 108, 114, 297–301 590–593 153 juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, 279–280 angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma arsenic (inorganic), 4 lipofibromatosis, 265–268 (AFH), 54, 110, 292–297 arteriovenous hemangioma, 27 myofibroma and myofibromatosis, clinical features, 292–293 of the skin, 583 273–279 differential diagnosis, 293–297, 739 asbestos, and mesothelioma, 816 nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 269–271 EWSR1 involvement in, 129 Askin’s tumor, 129, 897, 904 neurothekeoma, 285–289 FUS gene involvement, 132 ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion, 134, 934 plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor (PFHT), genetics, 297 astrocytic glial tumors, 80 289–292 HMGA2 in, 137 ATF-1 gene, 129, 137, 739 recurrent digital fibroma, 261–264 immunohistochemistry, 293 atypical decubital fibroplasia (ischemic benign fibrous histiocytomas pathology, 293 fasciitis), 196–197 (BFHs)(dermatofibroma), angiomatosis, 29, 586 atypical Ewing sarcoma, 900–901 224–234 angiomatous lesions, 21, 25–30. See also atypical fibrous histiocytoma, 232 clinical features, 224–225 hemangiomas; lymphangioma; atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), 216, 232, differential diagnosis, 228–229 vascular neoplasms 379–380, 509 genetics, 232–234 angiomatous syndromes, 25, 29 clinical features, 379–380 immunohistochemistry, 228 angiomyofibroblastoma, 54, 80, 478, 512. See differential diagnosis, 380, 839 multiple BFHs, 225 also male angiomyofibroblastoma- pathology, 380 pathology, 225 like tumor atypical glomus tumor, 653 recurrences and metastases, 225 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87409-0 - Modern Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions Edited by Markku Miettinen Index More information Index 1085 benign fibrous histiocytomas metastatic carcinoma, 841 ovarian carcinoma, 62, 81, 852–854 (BFHs)(dermatofibroma), variants
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  • Primary Nasopharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma As Index Diagnosis of AIDS in a Previously Healthy Man

    Primary Nasopharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma As Index Diagnosis of AIDS in a Previously Healthy Man

    Head and Neck Pathology (2019) 13:664–667 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-018-0954-y SINE QUA NON CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION Primary Nasopharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma as Index Diagnosis of AIDS in a Previously Healthy Man Gwyneth S. T. Soon1 · Fredrik Petersson1 · Mark K. T. Thong2 · Char Loo Tan1,3 Received: 12 July 2018 / Accepted: 18 July 2018 / Published online: 23 July 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract A 38-year-old, previously healthy man presented with blood-stained saliva and epistaxis. A 3 mm nasopharyngeal lesion was found. A biopsy was performed and microscopic examination revealed a Kaposi sarcoma. The patient was subsequently found to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma in the presence of HIV infection advanced his disease to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Primary manifestation of Kaposi sarcoma in the nasopharynx is extremely rare. The histologic differential diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma in this unusual site, especially without the clinical history of immunosuppression, is broad. Awareness that nasopharynx can be a primary involvement site of Kaposi sarcoma and serves as index diagnosis of AIDS is important given its serious clinical implication. Keywords Kaposi sarcoma · Nasopharynx · Nasal cavity · AIDS · HIV · HHV8 History Diagnosis A 38-year-old Asian male with no significant medical his- Histology of the left postnasal space mass biopsy showed tory presented with episodes of blood-stained saliva and pieces of upper respiratory tract-type mucosa with a cellu- epistaxis, associated with bilateral cervical swelling of 1–2 lar tumor in the subepithelial stroma, composed of fascicles months’ duration.