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122 Papanui Road, Christchurch

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122 Papanui Road, Christchurch DISTRICT PLAN –LISTED HERITAGE PLACE HERITAGE ASSESSMENT – STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE HERITAGE ITEM NUMBER 155 DWELLING AND SETTING,TE WEPU – 122 PAPANUI ROAD, CHRISTCHURCH PHOTOGRAPH: M.VAIR-PIOVA, 17/12/2014 HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE Historical and social values that demonstrate or are associated with: a particular person, group, organisation, institution, event, phase or activity; the continuity and/or change of a phase or activity; social, historical, traditional, economic, political or other patterns. Te Wepu has historical and social significance as the home built for Henry Richard Webb and his wife Augusta, nee Peacock. Henry Webb, having moved from Australia following a business failure, became MP for Lyttelton (1873-75) and a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council (1869-75). In 1879 he became the manager of the Permanent Investment and Loan Association. Peacock was the daughter of Australasian shipping magnate John Jenkins Peacock. In 1882 the Webbs built a house on Papanui Road to the design of colonial architect Samuel Farr. The residence was close to that of Augusta's siblings, her brother and two sisters all having substantial houses in Papanui Road. Although originally called Domus Textorum, the house soon became known as Te Wepu, a Maori transliteration of Webb. Webb remained at the house until his death in 1901. The property had access from both Papanui Road and Webb Street, the latter having taken its name by 1889 from Henry Webb. Following Webb's death Augusta began subdividing the property, selling individual sections before selling the main house in 1911. From this date the house became a boarding house with successive Page 1 owners enlarging the capacity of the building. In 1951 Anne Young subdivided the front of the property and Te Wepu lost its Papanui Road frontage. From the 1980s further development options were explored for the property. It was not until 2004 that the current arrangement was settled upon and the house was converted into a hotel complex known as Merivale Manor. The 1952 house in front of Te Wepu was demolished and two rows of motel units were built flanking a central driveway approaching Te Wepu, which thus became the focal building in the complex. CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE Cultural and spiritual values that demonstrate or are associated with the distinctive characteristics of a way of life, philosophy, tradition, religion, or other belief, including: the symbolic or commemorative value of the place; significance to Tangata Whenua; and/or associations with an identifiable group and esteemed by this group for its cultural values. Te Wepu has cultural significance because it is an early example of a fashionable suburban residence built within commuting distance of Christchurch. The larger surrounds of such properties allowed for more leisure space in the form of lawns and gardens. The adoption of a Maori name for the dwelling in the late 19th century, in common with other properties and institutions in the area, including Te Koraha and Rangi Ruru, reflects the fashion for using te reo Maori names by colonial settlers at this time. ARCHITECTURAL AND AESTHETIC SIGNIFICANCE Architectural and aesthetic values that demonstrate or are associated with: a particular style, period or designer, design values, form, scale, colour, texture and material of the place. Te Wepu has architectural and aesthetic significance as an 1882 design by well-known Canterbury architect Samuel Farr. The house is the only surviving dwelling of three houses that were designed by Farr for members of the Peacock family and is the most intact of all his surviving residential designs. Samuel Farr (1827-1918) arrived in Canterbury in April 1850 and worked in Akaroa as a builder before moving to Christchurch in 1863. By this time he was advertising as an architect and was able to secure some important public commissions that secured his reputation. He was competent in both the Gothic and Classical idioms. At Te Wepu Farr designed an Italianate villa with a return verandah featuring a balcony over the central entry. The verandah features a circular motif, a device characteristic of Farr's work. The house is symmetrical with a centralised plan in which the reception rooms faced Papanui Road. Following a fire the rear of the house was rebuilt in 1890, at which point the original single-storey service wing was replaced with a two-storey wing. The large, eight- bedroom house was extended at various times during the 20th century to increase its rental capacity. In 2004, with the refurbishment of the house, the two-storey addition dating from 1927 at the rear of the building was demolished, as were further additions dating from 1944 and the 1960s. This work returned the building to its 1890 footprint. The verandah was also reinstated and extended around the north side of the dwelling. An internal staircase and a lead-lined arched window were destroyed in a 2005 fire, while after the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes the chimneys were taken down and replaced by replicas. TECHNOLOGICAL AND CRAFTSMANSHIP SIGNIFICANCE Page 2 Technological and craftsmanship values that demonstrate or are associated with: the nature and use of materials, finishes and/or technological or constructional methods which were innovative, or of notable quality for the period. Te Wepu has technological and craftsmanship significance due to its 1880s timber construction and applied decorative detailing, such as the scrolled cornices and cast iron fretwork visible on the façade. CONTEXTUAL SIGNIFICANCE Contextual values that demonstrate or are associated with: a relationship to the environment (constructed and natural), a landscape, setting, group, precinct or streetscape; a degree of consistency in terms of type, scale, form, materials, texture, colour, style and/or detail; recognised landmarks and landscape which are recognised and contribute to the unique identity of the environment. Te Wepu has contextual significance due to its association with the Peacock family and Papanui Road. Te Wepu was one of the six homes that were built in the area by members of the Peacock family. Of these Te Wepu and the homes of Augusta Peacock’s two sisters, Chippenham Lodge and Amwell, remain, along with Fitzroy, the home of Henry and Augusta Webb's daughter who married Robert McDougall. These dwellings form part of a precinct of large, architecturally designed dwellings built in Papanui Road during the late 19th and early 20th centuries at a time when this was a desirable residential area. The setting of Te Wepu consists of the listed building on a large rectangular property fronting Papanui Road. The listed building sits towards the middle of the section and is accessed by a driveway flanked by two rows of motel units. The driveway provides a view shaft to Te Wepu from Papanui Road. The rear of the property is dominated by a paved carpark. The property has some large trees on the northern boundary including a listed Camperdown Elm. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Archaeological or scientific values that demonstrate or are associated with: the potential to provide information through physical or scientific evidence an understanding about social historical, cultural, spiritual, technological or other values of past events, activities, structures or people. Te Wepu and setting are of archaeological significance because they have the potential to provide archaeological evidence relating to past building construction methods and materials, and human activity on the site, including that which occurred prior to 1900. ASSESSMENT STATEMENT Te Wepu and its setting has overall significance to the Christchurch District, including Banks Peninsula. It is of historical and social significance as the former home of Henry and Augusta Webb (nee Peacock).. The dwelling has cultural significance as a demonstration of the way of life of its former residents. The dwelling has architectural and aesthetic significance for its 1882 Italianate villa design by well-known Canterbury architect Samuel Farr, particularly as Te Wepu is the most intact of the architect’s surviving residential designs. Te Wepu has technological and craftsmanship significance as a result of its original timber detailing. Te Wepu and its setting has contextual significance for its contribution to a precinct of large late 19th century / early 20th century residences that helped define the character of Papanui Road until the mid 20th century. It also has archaeological significance as a dwelling that predates Page 3 1900, which, together with its setting has the potential to provide evidence of pre-1900 human activity on the site. REFERENCES: CCC Heritage file Te Wepu – 122 Papanui Road New Zealand Historic Places Trust Registration Report, Te Wepu, dated 18 November 2004 Dave Welch, ‘An Enclave of Wealth and Power’. New Zealand Historic Places 65, September 1997 St Albans from Swamp to Suburbs – An Informal History (Christchurch, 1989) REPORT DATED: 18 February 2015 PLEASE NOTE THIS ASSESSMENT IS BASED ON INFORMATION AVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF WRITING.DUE TO THE ONGOING NATURE OF HERITAGE RESEARCH, FUTURE REASSESSMENT OF THIS HERITAGE ITEM MAY BE NECESSARY TO REFLECT ANY CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF ITS HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE. PLEASE USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CCC HERITAGE FILES. Page 4.
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