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Introduction Microfitoplancton y microfitobentos en sistemas litorales. Diversidad, ecología e implicaciones en el ciclo biogeoquímico del silicio Coastal microphytoplankton and microphytobenthos. Diversity, ecology and implications in silicon biogeochemical cycle Arianna Bucci, Septiembre 2010 Universitat de Barcelona Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Ecología Doctorado en Ecología Fundamental y Aplicada, Bienio 2005-2006 Microfitoplancton y microfitobentos en sistemas litorales. Diversidad, ecología e implicaciones en el ciclo biogeoquímico del silicio Coastal microphytoplankton and microphytobenthos. Diversity, ecology and implications in silicon biogeochemical cycle Tesis Doctoral Presentada por Arianna Bucci Para optar al título de Doctor por la Universitatat de Barcelona Director Co-directora Dr. Manuel Maldonado Barahona Dra. Zoila Velásquez Forero (Centro d’Estudios Avanzados de (Centro d’Estudios Avanzados de Blanes - CSIC) Blanes - CSIC) Tutora Dra. Montserrat Vidal Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Agradecimientos He esperado hasta el último momento para redactar los agradecimientos porque quería tener una visión del conjunto de lo que han sido mis 4 años en Blanes y en el CEAB con cierto distanciamiento emocional. Por lo visto, debería haber esperado más, pero ya tenía fecha para la defensa... Lo siento por las personas más cercanas, que leerán estos agradecimientos con alguna expectativa, pero os voy a avisar, lo mejor de mi y de mi cariño hacia vosotros no está en esta tesis, ni en estos últimos 4 años, ni, por supuesto, en estas páginas. Por eso, tampoco se la dedico a nadie, prefiero dedicar algo que se parezca más a esa versión entusiasta y positiva de mí que tiene que quedar en algún lugar... Sin embargo, no puedo decir que no estoy orgullosa del resultado final de mi trabajo, porque sé lo que ha costado. El trabajo de estos años no hubiese sido posible sin la ayuda económica del Gobierno de España, cuya beca FPU financió los 4 años de tesis y las estancias breves. Las investigaciones realizadas han sido posibles gracias a la financiación por parte del Smithsonian Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program (2005-2006, CCRE contribution number 871), de dos proyectos del Gobierno de España (CTM2005- 05366/MAR; BFU2008- 00227/BMC), y de la financiación por parte del grupo de investigación dirigido por el Dr. Ragueneau (LEMAR-IUEM). Agradezco a mi director, el Dr. Manuel Maldonado, por haberse atrevido a dirigir una tesis que trata de temas tan alejados de los con los que tiene más confianza, sus queridas esponjas. Gracias por su entusiasmo al contar sus descubrimientos y anécdotas, por su tiempo, por incluirme en sus proyectos, por traerme las muestras de Belize, por participar en los muestreos de Blanes y por dejarme utilizar sus equipamientos. En particular, gracias por estar siempre disponible cuando llamaba a su puerta y por sentarse conmigo para enseñarme a escribir artículos científicos. Gracias a Zoila Velásquez, la co-directora, por el tiempo y la paciencia que me dedicó, hace ya 4 años, para introducirme al mundo de la taxonomía del fitoplancton, ayudándome a reconocer especies donde yo solo veía granos de arena, palitos y bolitas. Y también por la cercanía, el trato humano y los consejos sobre la vida. Gracias a la tutora, Montserrat Vidal, por su disponibilidad y cortesía y por haberme aceptado como estudiante. Muchas gracias a Antonio Cruzado, por sus comentarios sobre los estudios de investigación llevados a cabo, por poner a mi disposición el microscopio, con el que he pasado tantas horas, y el CTD, por compartir su experiencia y por las conversaciones muy instructivas acompañando el café. Una serie de personas han aportado ideas y mejoras a mi trabajo, a veces durante charlas informales en los pasillos o en los laboratorios del CEAB. Seguramente olvidaré nombrar a alguien y lo siento, pero no por no estar explícitamente citados no tienen mi reconocimiento. Agradezco en particular a Raffaele Bernardello, Jean- Christophe Auguet, Gilberto Cardoso, Sergi Pla, Paola Mura, Miquel Ribot, Carlos Rivera, David Soto, Romero Roig, Dani Von Schiller, Nuria Teixido, Marta Sales, Albert Barberán y Antoni Fernández. I also thank Klaus Rützler and the anonymous reviewers of the study carried out in Belize for helpful comments. Gracias a Laura Arín, Celia Marrasé, Josep M. Gasol, Maximino Delgado, Olivier Herlory por materiales y consejos. Gracias al personal técnico del CEAB por hacer posible el trabajo de investigación, en particular a Carmen Carmona, por introducirme al funcionamiento de los laboratorios y por ser una compañera de despacho muy divertida; a Susana Pla, por los análisis de nutrientes; a Roser Ventosa (ICM y CEAB), por los análisis de nutrientes, la ayuda en cálculos y valiosos consejos; a Gustavo Carreras, por participar en los muestreos en Blanes y prestarse a llevar las muestras a Barcelona; a Ferrán Crespo, por la ayuda en los muestreos en Blanes a bordo de la Dolores; a Irene, Alba, Gil y Nixon por participar en los muestreos; a Ramón Coma, indispensable para solucionar los más diversos y absurdos problemas informáticos, siempre con una sonrisa; a Ángel Luque, por encontrar la manera de hacer funcionar las cosas. Muchas gracias a Helena del Barrio por encontrar todos los artículos que le pedí, incluso los japoneses. Gracias al personal administrativo, en particular a Gema Peña, a Carmela Bosca, por su eficiencia y amabilidad, a Roser Guix y a Marta Alamán. Thanks very much to Dan Miller, Claudette De Courley, Ana Riesgo, and Michelle Nestlerode for assisting with fieldwork in Belize, and to Tanya Rützler, Jim Taylor, and Martha Richotas for logistic support at the Smithsonian’s Marine Field Station at Carrie Bow Cay. Hopefully, we will know each other in person one day. Je remercie infiniment le groupe de recherche dirigé par Olivier Ragueneau au LEMAR pour m’avoir accueilli en Bretagne pendant les deux stages. Durant ces six mois, j’ai appris énormément au sujet des microalgues, des cycles biogéochimiques et de l’écologie en général. Mais, grâce à vous, j’ai surtout appris ce qu’était un travail d’équipe, j’ai appris l’importance d´échanger les idées et de promouvoir les contacts entre différentes disciplines et points de vue. J’ai également appris que les plus grands chercheurs peuvent aussi se porter de manière humble et être des personnes splendides! Je remercie spécialement Olivier Ragueneau pour sa disponibilité et pour m’avoir offert la possibilité de travailler au LEMAR, pour me demander mon opinion, pour discuter avec moi sur le travail et les résultats. Merci beaucoup à Aude Leynaert pour son dévouement et sa sympathie écrasante, pour collaborer pendant les échantillonnages et les manips avec 32Si et m’aider avec les calculs et l’interprétation des résultats et pour son encouragement. Je remercie Beatriz Beker, Jacques Grall, Rudolph Corvaisier, Brivaela Moriceau, Jérémy Querné, Charlotte Soler, Laurent Chauvaud, Mélanie Raymonet, Sabine Schultes, Philippe Pondaven, Marie Czamanski, Anne Lorrain pour l’aide et les conseils. Merci beaucoup à Manon Le Goff et Emilie Grossteffan pour m’apprendre à utiliser le TechniCon et pour m’aider avec le matériel, et à Annik Masson pour l’analyse des sels nutritifs. Merci à Gérard Sinquin (Plataforme d’Imagerie et de Mesures en Microscopie, Université de Bretagne Occidentale) pour les photos au SEM. Merci à l’équipage du Côte de la Manche et au personnel administratif du LEMAR. Je remercie beaucoup Robert Marc, Erwan Amice et Céline Poulain pour plonger pour moi dans les froides eaux de la Rade de Brest et pour leur sympathie et disponibilité. Muchas gracias también a todos los demás trabajadores, investigadores, becarios, precarios del CEAB, porque en algún momento han colaborado sin saberlo a la realización de esta tesis con su trabajo, comentarios, consejos, o simplemente haciendo más agradable el día a día. A Ana Riesgo, por compartir experiencias y solidaridad. A Raffa y Gil, por no dejar que me sintiera sola, por las risas, los sarcasmos y las charlas sobre la vida, la ciencia, los hombres y las mujeres. A Diana, por compartir despacho y confidencias. A Gemma, João, Miquel, Ana H, Edu A, Carmen, Simo, Marc, Steffi, Willy, Bego, Javi, Adri,Oscar, Edu S, Laura S, Laura N, Roser, Clara, Alba, Chiara, Albert, Antoni, Carlos, Daphne, David, Romero, Sergi, Dani, Susana, Andrea, Paola L, Paola F, Silvia, Paola y Paoletta, Alessandro, Valentina, Alba, Irene, Oriol, Carina, Maria Elena, Mian, Mireia, Raquel, Tatiana, Virginia G, Guillermo, Helena, Tina, Marta, Xenia, Xavier To, Xavier Tr. Porque en algún momento cada uno de vosotros me habéis regalado y enseñado algo. Muchas gracias también a Benito, Valentín, Jordi, Jose, Rafael, Emilia, Maricarmen y Ana, porque habéis sido capaces de regalarme una sonrisa cada día, lo que me ha permitido llegar al día de hoy con todavía algo de cordura. Grazie a Morgana e Rossana, fondamentali e semplicemente fantastiche, che mi hanno fatto sentire a casa. A Federico y a sus tablas de surf, por llevarme a conocer Bretaña, por su desenfrenada simpatía y la pizca de locura. À toutes les collègues et amis du LEMAR, et particulièrement à Céline, Mélanie, Marie, Antoine, Caroline, Yoann, Yann, Mathieu, Florent, Manon, Fred, Elodie, Charlotte, Valérie, Fanny, Rémi, Jonathan, Coralie, pour votre accueil, générosité, sympathie, pour les cafés, les repas à la cantine, les fêtes. Grace à vous, la chaleur du climat méditerranéen ne m’a pas trop manqué. Grazie alle amiche di sempre, quelle con cui, anche se non ci sentiamo- vediamo,ci ritroviamo in un momento, con complicitá e fiducia: a Elo, Laura, Cri, Elena, Micol, Marzia, Sara e Nico. Muchas gracias a Silvia, Cati y Mónica, mis “almas gemelas”( mellizas?), por todo lo que hemos compartido y por estar, siempre, a pesar de la geografía. A Marc, por haber estado en momentos cruciales, y también por informarme de la propuesta de tesis. Quizás otra vez escuche todo lo que tienes que decir.
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