DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigations of Phytoplankton Diversity in Chesapeake Bay Todd Arthur Egerton Old Dominion University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigations of Phytoplankton Diversity in Chesapeake Bay Todd Arthur Egerton Old Dominion University Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Spring 2013 Investigations of Phytoplankton Diversity in Chesapeake Bay Todd Arthur Egerton Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Environmental Monitoring Commons Recommended Citation Egerton, Todd A.. "Investigations of Phytoplankton Diversity in Chesapeake Bay" (2013). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/mzhb-5644 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/85 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVESTIGATIONS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN CHESAPEAKE BAY by Todd Arthur Egerton B.S. May 2001, Susquehanna University M.S. May 2005, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May, 2013 Approved by: Harold G. Marshall (Director) DamferM. Dauer (Member) R. Mulholland (Member) Kneeland K. Nesius (Member) ABSTRACT INVESTIGATIONS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN CHESAPEAKE BAY Todd Arthur Egerton Old Dominion University, 2013 Director: Dr. Harold G. Marshall Characterizing the diversity of a community in relation to environmental conditions and ecosystem functions are core concepts in ecology. While decades of research have led to a growing comprehension of diversity in many ecosystems, our understanding in aquatic habitats and microbial organisms remains relatively limited. Phytoplankton represent a diverse and important group that contribute approximately half of global primary productivity and are intrinsically connected to changing environmental conditions, especially in systems as dynamic as estuaries. To better understand the ecological processes governing phytoplankton composition and diversity, spatial and temporal patterns of environmental parameters and their relation to the algal community of Chesapeake Bay were analyzed using data collected over a 25 year period (1985- 2009). The phytoplankton community of Chesapeake Bay, containing 1480 taxa was characterized as one of high richness and low evenness, with a single species accounting for at least half of the biomass in almost one third of all samples examined. High gamma-diversity was attributed to seasonal succession of dominant flora and spatial heterogeneity along the estuarine gradient with high species turnover between salinity regions. Alpha-diversity was greatest in freshwater and polyhaline regions, and minimal in lower mesohaline waters. Multivariate ordination analysis identified regional differences corresponded to salinity, turbidity, and nutrient gradients, with lowest richness in regions of intermediate salinity, total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and highest dissolved organic nitrogen. Temporal factors included negative impacts of streamflow related nutrient increases leading to greater algal abundance and lower diversity particularly within the polyhaline Bay. Results indicate that greater algal biomass was associated with higher richness and lower evenness, and may be associated with lower ecosystem stability, with greater variance in inter-annual phytoplankton biomass. To address short-term environmental variability including nutrient loading, daily sampling of the Lafayette River, was conducted in spring 2006. During consecutive blooms of Cryptomonas sp. and Gymnodinium instriatum up to 99% of total biomass was due to the individual bloom species, although species richness was not significantly reduced. Time lag correlations indicated that the Cryptomonas sp. bloom was related to precipitation related increases in dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, while the G. instriatum bloom followed periods of reduced nitrogen concentrations that were accompanied by an algal community of high richness and low evenness. Based on its connectivity to both environmental and biological variables, phytoplankton diversity is recognized as a significant indicator of ecosystem condition, with high species richness and evenness as potential goals for restoration efforts. This thesis is dedicated to my family Jessica, Evan and Anna Egerton. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project would not be possible without the help o f a large number o f people whom I’d like to acknowledge. I consider Dr. Harold Marshall an academic advisor, mentor, professional collaborator and friend. His expertise of phytoplankton taxonomy is world renowned, and eclipsed only by his continued dedication to his students and his curiosity and passion for research. This dissertation builds on the long tradition o f research within Chesapeake Bay, including a legacy of work coming out of the Phytoplankton Analysis Laboratory at Old Dominion University. I would like to thank the dozens o f graduate research assistants past and present that have worked in the phytolab, without whom, these analyses wouldn’t have been possible. A special appreciation is extended to Matthew Semcheski and Matthew Muller, who in addition to their worked in the lab for several years, have helped shape the analyses and research questions posed in this dissertation through countless hours o f discussion and debate. Additional members o f the Chesapeake Bay monitoring program include Suzanne Doughten and Mike Lane who provided assistance with water quality data and statistical analysis. Ryan Morse, Katherine Filippino, and Peter Bernhardt also helped regarding nutrient data and research within the Lafayette River. I would also like to thank the rest o f my research committee, Drs. Margaret Mulholland, Daniel Dauer, and Kneeland Nesius for their assistance in developing the project and editing the manuscript. This project came out o f initial discussions with Dr. Christopher Binckley, who introduced me to the interactions between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Finally I’d like to thank friends and family for their help during my tenure as a doctoral student, especially my wife Jessica for her patience and support. I’d like to acknowledge the Virginia Department o f Environmental Quality, Virginia Department o f Health, Chesapeake Bay Program, and Virginia Coastal Energy Research Consortium for funding support. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................................x INTRODUCTION TO BIODIVERSITY AND CHESAPEAKE BAY.................................1 SPATIAL PATTERNS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND COMPOSITION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY ............................................................................ 13 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 13 METHODS..................................................................................................................... 19 RESULTS....................................................................................................................... 24 DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................46 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................... 52 SEASONAL PATTERNS OF WATER QUALITY, PHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE, COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY AND THE EFFECTS OF STREAMFLOW IN CHESAPEAKE BAY.............................................................................54 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................54 METHODS.....................................................................................................................58 RESULTS.......................................................................................................................61 DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................83 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................... 89 PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS IN A EUTROPHIC ESTUARY; PRODUCTIVITY, STABILITY AND TROPHIC INTERACTIONS.......................................................................................................................90 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................90 METHODS.....................................................................................................................93 RESULTS.......................................................................................................................94 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................ 99 CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................... 110 ALGAL BLOOMS: CASE STUDIES IN PHYTOPLANKTON DRIVERS
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Pryscilla Denise Almeida Da Silva
    PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. São Paulo 2017 PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. São Paulo 2017 PRYSCILLA DENISE ALMEIDA DA SILVA TAXONOMIA E ECOLOGIA DE DIATOMÁCEAS ARRAFÍDEAS (FRAGILARIALES, BACILLARIOPHYTA) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. DENISE DE CAMPOS BICUDO Co-orientador: Drº. EDUARDO ANTONIO MORALES Dedico essa tese aos meus pais Odete e Chico que com amor me abriram todas as portas da vida ao meu companheiro Aluísio Jr. meu amor é teu, mas dou-te mais uma vez to my mentor Eduardo A. Morales who
    [Show full text]
  • Pliocene-Pleistocene Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Iodp
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 Pliocene-Pleistocene Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of IODP Hole 1396C Adjacent to Montserrat Island in the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Plus Experimentally Induced Diagenesis Mohammed H. Aljahdali Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF IODP HOLE 1396C ADJACENT TO MONTSERRAT ISLAND IN THE LESSER ANTILLES, CARIBBEAN SEA, PLUS EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIAGENESIS By MOHAMMED H. ALJAHDALI A Thesis submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Spring Semester 2013 Mohammed H. Aljahdali defended this thesis on March 27, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Sherwood W. Wise, Jr. Professor Directing Thesis Yang Wang Committee Member William Parker Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that this thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii Dedicated To my family whose support has made this project possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thank and express my gratitude to my major advisor Professor Sherwood “Woody” Wise for his encouragement and suggestion that made this work valuable. Woody introduced me to the Nannofossil micropaleontology field back in 2010 when I was looking for an advisor to work within the foraminifera field. I took classes in his lab with almost no idea about what nannofossils were.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Phytoplanktons: Diversity and Ecology an Introduction to Phytoplanktons: Diversity and Ecology
    Ruma Pal · Avik Kumar Choudhury An Introduction to Phytoplanktons: Diversity and Ecology An Introduction to Phytoplanktons: Diversity and Ecology Ruma Pal • Avik Kumar Choudhury An Introduction to Phytoplanktons: Diversity and Ecology Ruma Pal Avik Kumar Choudhury Department of Botany University of Calcutta Kolkata , West Bengal , India ISBN 978-81-322-1837-1 ISBN 978-81-322-1838-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1838-8 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014939609 © Springer India 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2016/096923 Al 23 June 2016 (23.06.2016) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/096923 Al 23 June 2016 (23.06.2016) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/82 (2006.01) C12Q 1/68 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C12N 15/113 (2010.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/EP20 15/079893 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, 15 December 2015 (15. 12.2015) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (25) Filing Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 14307040.7 15 December 2014 (15. 12.2014) EP kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicants: PARIS SCIENCES ET LETTRES - TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, QUARTIER LATIN [FR/FR]; 62bis, rue Gay-Lussac, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, 75005 Paris (FR).
    [Show full text]
  • Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Final Reports of Principal Investigators. Volume 71
    Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Final Reports of Principal Investigators Volume 71 November 1990 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment Ocean Assessments Division Alaska Office U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Minerals Management Service Alaska OCS Region OCS Study, MMS 90-0094 "Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program Final Reports of Principal Investigators" ("OCSEAP Final Reports") continues the series entitled "Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf Final Reports of Principal Investigators." It is suggested that reports in this volume be cited as follows: Horner, R. A. 1981. Bering Sea phytoplankton studies. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 71: 1-149. McGurk, M., D. Warburton, T. Parker, and M. Litke. 1990. Early life history of Pacific herring: 1989 Prince William Sound herring egg incubation experiment. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 71: 151-237. McGurk, M., D. Warburton, and V. Komori. 1990. Early life history of Pacific herring: 1989 Prince William Sound herring larvae survey. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 71: 239-347. Thorsteinson, L. K., L. E. Jarvela, and D. A. Hale. 1990. Arctic fish habitat use investi- gations: nearshore studies in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, summer 1988. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 71: 349-485. OCSEAP Final Reports are published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Ocean Assessments Division, Alaska Office, Anchorage, and primarily funded by the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, through interagency agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocols for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Fisheries in Chile (Supplement Data)
    Protocols for monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for sustainable aquaculture and coastal fisheries in Chile (Supplement data) Provided by Kyoko Yarimizu, et al. Table S1. Phytoplankton Naming Dictionary: This dictionary was constructed from the species observed in Chilean coast water in the past combined with the IOC list. Each name was verified with the list provided by IFOP and online dictionaries, AlgaeBase (https://www.algaebase.org/) and WoRMS (http://www.marinespecies.org/). The list is subjected to be updated. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Achnanthales Achnanthaceae Achnanthes Achnanthes longipes Bacillariophyta Coscinodiscophyceae Coscinodiscales Heliopeltaceae Actinoptychus Actinoptychus spp. Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Akashiwo Akashiwo sanguinea Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Amphidinium Amphidinium spp. Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Naviculales Amphipleuraceae Amphiprora Amphiprora spp. Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyceae Thalassiophysales Catenulaceae Amphora Amphora spp. Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Anabaenopsis Anabaenopsis milleri Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema Anagnostidinema amphibium Anagnostidinema Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema lemmermannii Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Microcoleaceae Annamia Annamia toxica Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Aphanizomenon Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Systematics of Heterokont and Haptophyte Algae1
    American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1508±1522. 2004. BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF HETEROKONT AND HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE1 ROBERT A. ANDERSEN Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 475, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 USA In this paper, I review what is currently known of phylogenetic relationships of heterokont and haptophyte algae. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that is classi®ed into 17 classes and represents a diverse group of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial algae. Classes are distinguished by morphology, chloroplast pigments, ultrastructural features, and gene sequence data. Electron microscopy and molecular biology have contributed signi®cantly to our understanding of their evolutionary relationships, but even today class relationships are poorly understood. Haptophyte algae are a second monophyletic group that consists of two classes of predominately marine phytoplankton. The closest relatives of the haptophytes are currently unknown, but recent evidence indicates they may be part of a large assemblage (chromalveolates) that includes heterokont algae and other stramenopiles, alveolates, and cryptophytes. Heter- okont and haptophyte algae are important primary producers in aquatic habitats, and they are probably the primary carbon source for petroleum products (crude oil, natural gas). Key words: chromalveolate; chromist; chromophyte; ¯agella; phylogeny; stramenopile; tree of life. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that includes all (Phaeophyceae) by Linnaeus (1753), and shortly thereafter, photosynthetic organisms with tripartite tubular hairs on the microscopic chrysophytes (currently 5 Oikomonas, Anthophy- mature ¯agellum (discussed later; also see Wetherbee et al., sa) were described by MuÈller (1773, 1786). The history of 1988, for de®nitions of mature and immature ¯agella), as well heterokont algae was recently discussed in detail (Andersen, as some nonphotosynthetic relatives and some that have sec- 2004), and four distinct periods were identi®ed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: a Digital Tool to Increase The
    Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-171 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 21 July 2021 Science c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool: A digital tool to increase the discoverability and usability of plankton time-series data Clare Ostle1*, Kevin Paxman1, Carolyn A. Graves2, Mathew Arnold1, Felipe Artigas3, Angus Atkinson4, Anaïs Aubert5, Malcolm Baptie6, Beth Bear7, Jacob Bedford8, Michael Best9, Eileen 5 Bresnan10, Rachel Brittain1, Derek Broughton1, Alexandre Budria5,11, Kathryn Cook12, Michelle Devlin7, George Graham1, Nick Halliday1, Pierre Hélaouët1, Marie Johansen13, David G. Johns1, Dan Lear1, Margarita Machairopoulou10, April McKinney14, Adam Mellor14, Alex Milligan7, Sophie Pitois7, Isabelle Rombouts5, Cordula Scherer15, Paul Tett16, Claire Widdicombe4, and Abigail McQuatters-Gollop8 1 10 The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. 2 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquacu∑lture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK. 3 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8187 LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France. 4 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK. 5 15 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CRESCO, 38 UMS Patrinat, Dinard, France. 6 Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Angus Smith Building, Maxim 6, Parklands Avenue, Eurocentral, Holytown, North Lanarkshire ML1 4WQ, UK. 7 Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK. 8 Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK. 9 20 The Environment Agency, Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way, Peterborough, PE4 6HL, UK. 10 Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • New Methods for Improving Water Management Bonnie Bailet
    !CTA5NIVERSITATIS!GRICULTURAE3UECIAE Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae 2021:55 No. Thesis Doctoral Doctoral Thesis No. 2021:55 Diatoms are useful bioindicators but their identification using light microscopy is time consuming Doctoral Thesis No. 2021:55 and error prone. Two alternative approaches to characterise the diatom community were Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences developed and applied in this thesis: a DNA metabarcoding approach and a trait-based approach. Both approaches showed potential for environmental assessment but cannot be used with tools • developed for microscopy data. New nutrient indices were developed for each novel approach and New methods for improving water management • Bonnie Bailet New methods for improving water performed well for a use in assessment of total phosphorus levels in Fennoscandia freshwater. management Bonnie Bailet received her graduate education at the Department of Aquatic Sciences and Exploring the role of diatoms in ecosystems Assessment at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala. Her M.Sc. degree in Oceanography specialised in Marine Biology was obtained at Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. Bonnie Bailet Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae presents doctoral theses from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). SLU generates knowledge for the sustainable use of biological natural resources. Research, education, extension, as well as environmental monitoring and assessment are used to achieve this goal. Online publication of thesis summary: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/ ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-788-5 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-789-2 New methods for improving water management Exploring the role of diatoms in ecosystems Bonnie Bailet Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Uppsala DOCTORAL THESIS Uppsala 2021 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2021:55 Cover: Diatom structure unfolding into DNA (Illustration: B.
    [Show full text]