JUNE 1969 <:;>192 VOL. 5 NO.5

in this issue: ~.:: berkeley battle detroit wildcat offensive in n.~ mental hospitals

CORRECTION FOR BERKELEY PAGE 20< The ·pa.roSI·s.ph in column 4 start­

iDS "Wfth, "The crowd re:nained ... l' .:.wd the next 5 p8rae;rnphs (cont 'j on pg.23), endin3 With .•.to stop it. "I should be inser-ted nf"er the ?,8ragrsPh.in colu~~ 2 which ends, ...for clty hall. (page 20)

\ ," 'IE MOVEMENT PRESS - 330 Grove Street San Francisco, Califorma 94102 EDITORIAL The contradictions that are tearing this society apart Will, of course, not be stopped if we are repressed. Nevertheless the forces of revolution.can be greatly streng-helled if A white man has been murdered in Berkeley street bat­ we respond to the repression in a correct fashion. Most of us are going to jail; some of us tleso Pigs have fired into cro-.vds of white students with are going to die--anyone who cannot accept that fact, and the risk, should probably not be in the movement. But if we are going to jail; if we are going to die the enemy must be sho gunso Attorney General Mitchell promises prosecutions made to pay, The only way we can be sure that he is going to pay is if we carryon our struggle at new levels all the time. If we continue to stay one step ahead of him. (raids) against the revolutionaries responsible for campus For the present this means intensifying the struggle against the rotten educational turmoil. ConspiFacy and other felony charges are becoming system, via the student movement. It means explaining the student movement to working people--through leaflets, pamphlets, speaking engagements at churches, community meet­ more and more common in all the actions we are involved ing, union meetings, etc. This can be done by ALL of us. The other component is long-term in. The ante has definitelygone up. What does this escalation working class organizing. The puttingtogether of groups of people who will live in working class areas and indeed become working people. People who will attempt to raise political of repression mean? qmsciousness among working people, while engaging in day to day struggle. Most importantly it means that we have forced the ruling Repression makes it urgent that we raise questions about internal movement business also. The movement is in the processof defining itself ideologically. We call this process, "sharp ideological struggle". Sharp ideological struggle is needed when" sharp" means class to begin to show its true nature here at home, even clear thinking and investigation of ideas. But lately"sharp" struggle has turned into bitter among privileged white sectors. The velvet glove is off, struggle over formulas whose practical application is unclear. Many people, rather than thinking clearly and dealing honestly with the major strategic and ideological questions revealing the mailed fist. we face (and admitting that there are still many answers we don't have)have become dog­ matic and sectarian in their attempt to formulate a direction for the movement. When the ruling class feels compelled to fire guns upon Hardened camps form around questions for which no one has yet found the answers in relatively privileged sectors (white youth) and launch Pal­ practice. And practice isthe testofideas. People waste endless hours trying to re-enforce their positions and mapping out strategy to defeatthe other side--hours that could be spent mer-type raids against the leadership it means that we have organizing and learning from the unorganized and educating people who are new to the made some headwayo We must constat?ly bear in mind that movement. This is not to say that we should table ideological discussions. Rather, we should have this repression has only begun AFTER we have launched a sense of proportion. Remember against whom our bitterness and energies must be It directed if we are ever to make a revolution. Ideology is built on the basis of clarifying and our offensive. is a REACTION on the part of the enemy. explaining opposition to the enemy. We are not only pushing harder than before, but also, there Debate among the people is needed and should take place on principled grounds. Comradely debate has its limits--that is among people who support the Vietnamese, are a great many more of us pushing. Campus disturbances the Black Liberation Movement, etc.). Among,these comrades we needed a close are no longer isolated incidentso It is hard to find a peace­ feeling of love and affection; we must treat each other sincerely as brothers and sisters. ful college campus, or even a ,high school, nowadays. Re­ Without this we cannot survive against the enemy. sistance within, and desertion from, the army is growing everyday. Wildcat strikes, although often lacking political direction, have been more frequent in the, last two years THIS ISSUE IS DEDICATED TO MAL COLM X, HO CHI MINH, than in the past 20. The Vietnamese gain in strength every MANUEL RAMOS AND ALL THE BROTHERS AND SISTERS day the war drags ona Higher taxes and higher cost of living BEATEN, SHO T AND ARRESTED FIGHTING THE PIGS IN ar'e causing considerable unrest among working people. BERKELEY. In short, the ruling class is uptight. you act according to their laws and designs by whatever means necessary. All of this is not to say that the ruling class is about Once they succeed in taking you to Vi­ to crumble. Nor is it to say that repression cannot seriously etnam they will use severe military td;tv., discipline to send you to extremely dan­ hurt us. What it is to say is that we can use this repression to build our forces, both by gerous places. They will waste your getting ourselves more together and by .reaching out to our potential friends. The ruling (Editor's n,::Je: This 'etter has been life by sending you, for example, to class is not able to meet the needs of the people and our job is to explain why. The slightly edited for style. We have made the bases of the revolution to check questions of violence and repression must be turned against the enemy. no changes in the political content of on the strength of the Liberation Armed This is no time to retreat. We must continue to wage our battles against the enemy the letter .) Forces. The probabilities are 8 out of in the streets, but at the same time we must reach out to the people and explain what 10 that you will ,not return from such we are all a)xlUt. We can no longer allow the mass media to tell people about us. As South' Vietnam, February 20th, 1969 a mission. newsreel points out, "The media is the pig" . To the American Army men in custudy Or their aircraft will come and bomb For example, on bloody Thursday in Berkeley, the radio stations gave their usual your position"by accident" , or, inhand- 30 second accounts of the situation. Lies and distortions were pumped out over the Dear friends ' to -hand fighting with the Liberation radios and TVs to our potential friends. Within hours we were able to distribute 10,000 We were 'very moved to learn how Armed Forces, which they know you leaflets to information-hungry people in the Bay Area. Similiar work was done in New barbarously the authorities have re- cannot win, they will use their planes York when the Panther 21 were busted. Much more propaganda is being produced here pressed you. You have been courageous- and artillery to pound the battlefield, in the Bay Area. We need to explain to non-movement people in simple language the ly struggling against injustice. We are killing you and the liberation fighters political issues involved in our confrontations with the enemy. This is basic educational convinced, that no violence can force alike. work that must be done. It is basic work that we have been lax about in the past. you to do things in contradiction to If you disobey the order to go to People don't like violence and death. This is especially true when ~t occurs right here your conscience, to human morals and your death th~Y will treat you atrocious- at home. The pigs are having an increasingly difficult time in legitimizing their bru­ to the constitution of the United States ly. Many mutmees have taken place on tality against us. If we do a good job of explaining what is happening and what we're UndOUbtedly you havebeenawareofth~ U.S. bases inside South Vietnam against about, the chances are good that repression can be used to our advantage. unjust character of the war. The Amer- the orders of the U.S, commanders. For People are pissed off about taxes, inflation and other aspects of the general decay of ican government is turning a deaf ear e~ample, o~ January 20th of this year, American capitalism. At the same time, most of these people are racists and do not to public opinion at home and abroad eight American enlisted men committed identify monopoly capitalism as the root cause of their problems nor do they see the The Ameri can rulers have gone so fa; suicide in protest against the war and ruling class as their enemy. Thus, the struggle that is going on now is the struggle for' as to trample on freedom, throttle dem- repression by their barbarous comman- the allegiance of the masses of the people in this country. Over the past year or so we ocratic rights and violate the constit- ders at the Dong-du base, Cu-chi dis- have moved away from the contempt that we had previously shown these people. But these ution. They have mobilized police and trict, Gia-dinh province. people are our potential friends. Without them we can never make the revolution. national guard by the tens of thousands The American government has sus- How are we to determine who are our potential friends? In the past we have dismissed to repress the demonstrations held by the tained heavy military defeats.'Theywere the toiling masses as bought off and reactionary. More recently we have begun to realize American people to demand that the war forced to stop their bombings over the that the "working class" is the key to revolutionary change. Unfortunately all too often end, that their children return to the territory of the Democratic Republic no explanation is given about what we mean by the working class. The movement has U.S., and that the South Vietnamese of Vietnam, and to hold talks with failed to do a class analysis of American society--an analysis that would help us develop people be given the right of self-deter- the South Vietnam National Front for the appropriate strategies needed to reach different sectors of the working people. mination. Liberation and with the government of This analysis can only be developed through study and practice. We generally know that The American rulers are condemning the DRV in Paris for a political solution the traditional working class (blue collar production workers, as well as those engaged you to prison, hard labor or even death, of the Vietnam problem. However, the in distribution and communication) are key to making basic change in the society. They accusing you of being" mutineers" or Nixon administration still cherishes a produce the wealth of the society at the point of production. This is not to say that many "deserters". They are tryinl\' to make scheme of carrying out its neo-colon- other sections of the working people are not vitally important. The service sector of the .. R. P- cant. to p 21 economy is large indeed and vital, especially in the urban areas. a 2 .7 •••P U_ .7 ...& abe . a Professional, people with valuable skills, small businessmen make up what we call v sen the "petty bourgeoisie". Some parts of the petty bourgeoisie, thos,e tied to the ruling THE MOVEMENT is published monthly'by THE MOVEMENT PRESS, 330 Grove class (corporation lawyers, state department intellectuals, etc.) are our enemies. Less privileged sectors of the petty boure:eoisie vacillate politicallY. They will move in the Street, San Francisco, California 94102 -- (415) 626-4577 SUbscriptions - $2.50 per year; $3.00 foreign POW: Jeff Segal direction where they are pushed hardest. They can only be dangerous enemies if we fail to build a base with the working class. We should not abandon them. They have SKl1ls Joseph A. Blum, Editor and they have interests which in the long run should put them on the side of the people. But organizing them in a vacuum can only lead to disaster OUr primary allies lie in Staff: Arlene Eisen Bergman, assistant editor; Barbara Baran Lincoln the traditional working class. If they are in motion the petty bourgeois elements will Bergman; Renee Blum; GRIMSHAW, ckcivvl.:f.' Jerry Densch; most likely come along. Trena .Beagle CO(HA,4A.Nti SJ,1rrtf But this is still only theory. At present the movement has very little experience with the working class. It is absolutely necessarythat more and more groups begin to do work­ Chicago staff: Room 204, 162 N. Clinton, Chicago, illinois 60606 -- (312) - ing class organizing at this time. Remember that our German comrades said that as 327-3681. . long as they were solely a student movement, repression was not much of a problem. But once they began to make contact with young workers, the shit hit the fan, Partially this Los Angeles staff: Ken Cloke, Morgan Spector, Bob Niemann, Mike Davis, is what is happening to us now. It is only in the last year that we have begun to link up Judy Davis. 1657 Federal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90025. - (213) ­ with workers' struggles at all. This linking up is a partial explanation of why the re­ 478-9509 pression is increasing so rapidly. The enemy knows that he is vulnerable. He knows that New York Staff: SDS Regional staff. 131 Prince street, New York, New York if we begin to take a Marxist analysis to the working class and combine this with our 10012. - (212) 674-8310. previous strategy of struggle and confrontation, we can become an exceedingly dangerous force. This is what we must do and we !I1ust do so immediately, Detroit: NOC. c/o Jim Jacobs, 1215 Coplan, Detroit" Michigan 48215 The student mov,-,w' 'it must continue in the direction that it has been taking at least (313) 823-2387 since the Columbia rebellion one year ago. All struggle must be directed against im­ Bulk orders at special rates available at all offices. perialism and capitalism--not at the parochial privileged needsof students. This struggle Printed in San ~rancisco and New York must continue to be carried to the working class colleges and high schools. But unless we have people working with the younger workers, explaining the struggles of the student .. 4 • _ _• ~__~_----.. ... __ ~ movement, raising the questions of anti-racism and anti-imperialism among the working ..... _ •• eo ..... va ••• aye_ ..... __ • class, and taking a leading role in workers' struggles, repression will set us back.

PAGE 2 THE MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 A PEOPLE'S WAR FOR A

The whites student/street movement has suffered its first fatality. James Rector, 25 ofSan Jose died of wounds PEOPLE'S PARK in a Berkeley Hospital May 20--his body ripped apart by 00 buckshot. He was murdered by Alameda County Pigs during the first day of fighting over Berkeley's ~ People's Park. /' For the sixth straight day Berkeley, California is \,.,l --, ~ .-.~:-"-. --...... occupied by over 2000 National Guardsmen and 500 ",--.~ police from various communities as the MOVEMENT

I goes to press. The Guard was called in late Thursday ~,// /" .. after police and demonstrators engaged in the heaviest -' ~ . street battle in Berkeley history. More than two hun­ \. l'_. "':-.... . '-'~,::-- .., dred people and seventy police were injured on that "'-'" " "', '-, ...... , day. For the first time, cops used shotguns and rifles -, \ -;-...... ~ ) against the people. Over 100 were hit with birdshot, I i rock salt, lead pellets from shotguns, 00 buck (inclu­ -,'..../ •" 1, ding Rector) and even with large caliber rifle bullets. ' ,/ ( .. ",,- // \" .. ,,/;' The people fought back with everything they had--bricks, \" '\'" bottles, rocks and pieces of metal from various con­ ...... :..::.-. ~. "\ struction projects. So far no cops have been shot. '\ \ On the surface the battle is another in these plans only began to surface AFTER \ ~ " i a series of street/turfbattles between the the first weekend of park building by ,I people of Berkeley and the police. The the people. Roger Heyns, Chancellor of turf this time was "People's Park", a U.C. Berkeley has been under heavy one-half block vacant lot located just, p~'essure in the state for hh f[;nure to south of the Berkeley campus. Just a ad in a determined fashion to put down park? No. People's Park is of much campus unrest. This is despite the fact greater significance to both the People th&t he has brought pigs onto the campus who built it and to the pigs who are try- numerous times over the last year. still, ing to destroy it. in the public eye at least, he has been For the first time the movement in no Hayakawa. Persistent rumors indicate Berkeley has raised, in a clear and sharp that the Regents plan to get rid of him. way, the question of private property. WHh the question of private property at Many people in the movement certainly shlke he saw his chance to show just understand this; some have clearly ar- hO',i' tough he is when basic issues arise. ticulated it. The pigs definitely under- In addition, in California we are faced stand. According to Berkeley City Man- with two mad-dog facist pigs--Governor ager, James Hanley,"The basic question, Ror,ald Reagan and Alameda County Sher- therefore, was, and is whether public ,rif Frank I, Madigan. Both saw their property is to be developed and controlled oprortunity to escalate the struggle a by duly constituted authority or by any gaL1st the movement, and perhaps crush ad hoc group that chooses to assert rights it. Madigan, who was in charge of all and powers over it." Then, calling at- p<,!1ce, ordered the firing on students tention to the fact that the movement and others, later giving the excuse also understands that this is·what is at th;:t"our men were being assualted" community was important. People's Park us a soccer field•..the land belongs to the stake, he continued, "Or, as it was suc- and "I have reason to believe that the bP::ame a well known place throughout people who have created the beauty that cintly put in a 'people's' handout on May rac.icals have developed an antidote for th,' Bay Area. is the Park. By our love and sweat, we 16, 'control over that Park represented te'lr gas." He denied that police u~~d On May IS, Chancellor Heynes issued have built somethingof incalculable value more than just a piece of land. It raised anything but #8 birdshot, but Rector's a long statement on People's Park. The for the entire community. We can't let the basic question of who will control the d~';:.th shows that to be a lie. statement was issued to combat " rum­ absentee landlords control our existence. institutions and property in this country Reagan made clear his desire to crush o:';,~ that bulldozers would move SUd- RALLY NOON. and for what purposes?'" the movement. When questioned about the denly on the Park and destroy what had The mood of the rally was angry. So it is clear that both sides understand Park. he termed it a phony issue; an ex- been built. It did combat the rumor... Everyone there felt People's Park in that the question of OWNERSHIP AND cll:'e for radicals to bring about a eon- the rumor became fact. their guts. Finally the president-elect CONTROL OF PROPERTY is the basis frnntation and a riot. But over this The Chancellor said that the final de­ of the student body shouted out, "We of the current struggle. ph,'ny issue he has had white students sign for the land was not yet worked out should go to the Park". The crowd was But there are additional factors. The glnn.ed down for the first time and he ...and maybe there would be room for ready, just waiting for a word. The Park became more than simply a place hw, occupied the city of 'Berkeley with some compromise within the framework people began marching down Telegraph to go on sunny afternoons. It became a 2000 National Guardsmen. of University control ofthe land.•• such as Avenue to the Park. concrete manifestation of non-alienated As the struggle continues Reagan hys- some of the structures not being torn Within a few blocks they were met by labor, a place where the collective in- tl': ically screams that,revolutionists are down: the big redwood tree could remain; 'a line of California Highway Patrol­ genuity of youth and community was man- reGponsible for the entire disorder and maybe some of the land could be used men. Rocks ,and bottles began to fly al­ ifest for others to see. People felt it tly,t they must be given appropriate jus- as a play area for children of married most immediately (pigs threw them too) ~e. was their own...regardless of the shib- tJ students. Three conditions: l)The design followed by the now all too familiar sound boleths of "private property". HISTORY would be controlled by the University; 2) of tear gas grenades exploding. The "For the first time in my life," said In order to facilitate design plans, a fence fourth street battle in the last nine one participant, "I enjoyed working. I months in Berkeley had begun. ' _About a month ago a group of people would be built around the entire area; and think lots of people had that experience. ,'S)A warning--that the land was UNIVER­ But this battle was different from all Ever sinee I was 18 I hated every job to: k it upon themselves to organize a SITY PROPERTY and people who went that had come before. For the first time and either quit or, was fired. But this communal improvement of the land. the pigs moved against the people on an On w}ekends, hundreds of people came onto it would be arrested for tress­ was -something different. With aching passing. That was TueMay, issue that could only arouse the sym­ back and sweat on my brow, th~re was to the land, planted flowers, learned to pathies of the uninvolved, People might wo','k with a pick and shovel, laid sod, Early Wednesday morning campus pol­ no boss. What we were creating was ice posted NO TRESSP ASSING signs on side with the pigs to keep the Induction our own desires, so we worked like bu1lt brick walkways, people who could Center open or to stop "illegal" rallies we1d bu1lt' jungle gyms and other rec­ the Park, People followed the pigs around madmen and loved it." , tearing down the signs and burning most or campus occupations. But everyone, re~tion for the kids, stage was built, People were therefore willing to fight of them. Later in the day a group of mothers, children, workers on their am1 within a few weeks more than half to preserve what they had labored to women from AFSCME (Office \'hrkers' lunch-hours, dug the Park. o~ the area took on the look of a cre­ build. Union) demanded that the park be pre­ atively designed park. The university Also for the first time we were pre­ A third factor of some importance is served and expanded to include day care pared (psychologically at least) for a the internal politics in the state of awt the Regents became increasingly uptight, and, while making various co­ centers for U. C. employees. battle with the pigs. People were not California, and especially in the edu­ going to wait to be told to disperse. We cational system. The vacant lot is pro­ op:ive moves towards persons who sup­ THE BATTLE BEGINS ported the Park, continued to stress were goi,ng to attempt to reclaim our perty owned by the Regents of University At about five in the morningon Thurs­ that, above all, the land belonged to Park which the pigs had seized. At the of California. It was purchased in 1968 day, May 15, the pigs moved on the Park. thl! University. time, of course, no one dreamed they although it was designated for Univer­ About 75 people had stayed the night on People's Park became a gathering would use guns against us. sity use as long ago as 1956. Plans guard against the move. Police arrested place for many segments ofthe Berkeley Groups dispersed into many inter­ originally called for the construction of three people who refused to leave. After cornmunity. Like mothers who brought sections following the first tear gas dormatories on the site, but due to the the Park was cleared and ringed by tll,~ir children to play; and black people barrages; set bon-fires, continued to budget cuts imposed by the legislature police, construction workers arrived and throw rocks and bottles and anything else in response to the Cleaver controversy from Berkeley and Oakland; and the Berkeley hip crowd and students. The began to plough the perimeter ofthe Park, they could get their hands on. The pigs (see MOVEMENT, 11/69), the winter lay concrete and build an eight foot high for their part continued to lay down ph1,ce was pleasant. A certain degree TWLF strike (see MOVEMENT, 4/69), steel mesh fence. heavy doses of tear and pepper gas. and the general turmoil on California of collective work and discipline de­ veloped. During the few days before More than 6000 people gathered on the Within a very short period of time Ala­ college campuses, these plans were campus at a noon' T'action. A leaflet read: BULLETIN POL­ gan's personal pigs) began firing their The land remained vacant, and was ICE POLLUTE PARK. The paranoid shotguns indiscriminately at people. used as a parking lot by those people bO:'.go level down after 11 p.m. on week­ da:,'s because people in the neighbor­ rumors have come true, Hundreds of They shot at people trYing to get awal willing to risk getting their cars stuck ~rom h~ Jd asked them to. People who made a police in full riot gear, police snipers the disturbances who had DO con- in the mud. Now the University claims HeU~r8. lot Qf ,eoue "ere- o.-Ily talbd to ud on toP of blJAlcJn&$. Viet­ that it waata to lJlIil4 reereatk>oaI t.l. TIle' elIU£e campo pf'1 Stladed that cClIlSideratiUl for Ute nam? NO: &Ma area cUities (a soccer field) on'the site, but has been closed SO Roger Heyns canWild CONTINUED ON PAGE 20 JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 3 tinue the fight for Manuel Ramos, bro­ ther of all revolutionaries. On Tuesday, May 13, another march was held. This time the people marched from the corner of Armitage and Hal- 'sted to the 18th District police station on Chicago Avenue, where. State's At­ torney Edward V. Hanrahan was to speak at a police-community relations work­ shop. Again about 600 people began the march, moving south through the near north side ghetto, shouting, "All power to the people" and "Off the pigs". The march passed through the center of the huge Cabrini-Green housing projects, one of the high-rise slums that Daley boxes black people into in Chicago. Hundreds joined the marchers as they chanted, "Rise up, rise uP", "Join us". The crowd had grown to about 2thousand by the time it reached the Chicago Avenue pig pen. Outside the pen the pigs lined up and the crowd filled the streets for hours, while a negotiating team disrupted the «com­ munity-relations workshop" and deman­ ded that pig Lamb be charged with mur­ der. Hanrahan's man hinted that the pig might be indicted some time in the re­ mote future and said the "matter was under investigation" . After the negotiators carne back out­ side, the crowd moved off shouting and chanting. There was some spontaneous iooting and window smashing by project kids but only cookies, pop and potato chips were taken and these were given to the marchers. The cops, apparently fearing a mass uprising, made no attempt to intervene. BU ILDING SEIZED

On Thursday, May 15, the YLO sup­ ported by the Panthers, Patriots, SDS and McCormick Seminary students, seiz­ ed the brand new $2 million W. Clement Stone Academic-Administration building at the McCormick Theological Seminary, renaming it the Manuel Ramos Memorial building. ' McCormick Seminary is a Presbyter­ ian theological college in the Lincoln Park area which has a liberal facade, but is anything but a community institution. Iron fences 7 feet high keep the neigh­ borhood people away from its beautifully manicured lawns, libraries and play­ YOU CAN'T ST PUS ground. During the Democractic Con­ vention last August, its officials refused TO THE STREETS, to open the gates and let demonstrators by Janet Jones sleep there. They even requested that Chicago cops guard the gates. On the following night, May 5th, YLO, W. Clement Stone is the millionaire the Black Panther Party, the Young Pat­ insuranceman who was Nixon's largest It One day I walked up to Manue1Ramos at the corner riots Organization (a group of white contributor, and who has loaned two of working class youths from the Uptown of Dickens and Halsted and I said to him, t put your hands his executives to S,I. Hawaykawa be­ area), SDS, LADO (Latin American De­ cause he was so pleased with his tactics up or I will shoot you, I am a cop.' He said, t Oh no, fense Organization), and the Concerned in dealing with the S. F. State struggle. don't shoot me, because I have a job to do--you see, I Citizens Survival Front of Lincoln Park But now Stone's "temple" at McCormick organized a march from the corner of is in the hands of the people. work as a freedom fighter'." Armitage and Halsted to the wakE: .,t For some time the seminary students 1400 W. Oakley. have been rebellious and yearning for Alfred Matias, Young Lords Organization About 600 people began the march at the an action which would demonstrate their corner of Armitage and Halsted, followed desire to ally themselves with the YLO by a caravan of cars. They marched and other neighborhood radical groups through Latin, white and black working Many of them were on the streets during Manuel Ramos, 20, freedom fighter and member of class neighborhoods behind a banner the Democratic Convention and during the vanguard revolutionary group of Latin Americans, which read, «Manuel Ramos lives in all the marches for Manuel. On May 5th, Revolutionaries". Loudspeakers blared, the day after Manuel was shot, they set the Young Lords Organization, was shot dead by an "People, join us tonight in a march and up tents on the seminary grouds and off-duty cop on Sunday May 4 at 2 a. m. memorial for our brother, ManuelRam­ invited the neighborhood people inside os, who was killed by the pig. Power to to join them in protesting the dedica­ the People". tion of Stone's temple. They demanded They marched for about three miles, that McCormick invest $601,000 in low The murder took place outside the institution by the people; an occupation picking up people all the way and en­ income housing in the Lincoln Park horne of a member of the YLO, whose that continues as the MOVEMENT goes countering no hostilities. The pigs, who area. The results of their tent-in were birthday was being celebrated. About 2 to press. are becoming very uptight about the ex­ inconclusive, but they have now added a.m. Chicago pig Robert Lamb, off duty, After Manuel and Rafael were taken plosive potential of the Latin community, their support to the Young Lord's build­ carne across the street to the party with to the hospital events moved rapidly. were not to be seen. By the time the ing seizure. his pistol. People at the party opened One Young Lord has posed as a neigh- march and motorcade reach the funeral The YLO has issued 10 demands to the door and, with no warning, Lamb bor, watched what happened, and went horne there were at least 1,500 pe-ople the Seminary officials. They range from fired into the crowed doorway. One shot back to the Lincoln Park neighborhood together. After the wake people piled the low-cost housing demand to a co­ passed through Manuel Ramos' eye. An- for help. YLO lawyer Skip Andrewswent into cars and drove to the 9th district operative day care center for the neigh­ other bullet wounded Rafael Rivera, also to the hospital and then the morgue. It pigpen, horne of Lamb, located at 35th borhood. (see box this page for complete a Young Lord. was reported that policewere attempting and Lowe. Mayor Daley's house is right list of demands.) Having shot his quota for the evening, to put Manuel's fingerprints on a gun-- down the street and thus the cops were What is partiCUlarly significant about Lamb strolled back across the street any gun--to provide Lambwitha story. out in force when the people arrived. la~yer this action is the fact that a university and entered the building he'd corne from, The arrived just in time to pre- The crowd was angry--ready to fight take-over has been effected by the neigh­ without examining the wounded men or vent thiS. -- but the YLO was determined to pre­ borhood people. Seminary students are making any arrests. Other people went to' the police sta- vent the potential slaughter. The YLO lending their support--using their status Almost immediately after the shoot- tion. At first the police claimed that no had vowed to remain peaceful until as a buffer--without cluttering up the ing uniformed pigs from the 9th district one had been arrested. Finally they ad- their brother was buried. The pigs re­ action with student power bullshit. The arrived. It is not known who calledthem. mitted that they had four prisoners. They fused to let people speak until Cha cry is not"Student Powpr", but" Power Lamb then identified himself to the un- said they couldn't identify them because Cha asked the crowd to disperse so to the People" . iformed officers and pointed out four they didn't have "nice American names" that cops couldn't bust heads. A super The Seminary officials have so far YLO members who were then arrested. Then they said the four would be charged giant paddy wagon, a la the Democratic refused to call in the pigs. Manuel and Rafael were taken to Mercy with aggravated battery and that bail Convention, had justarrived on the scene, Manuel Ramos is dead. But the death Hospital. Manuel died in the emergency would be set at $1000 each. filled with cops. The crowd split. of a revolutionary is not in vain. His room minutes after his arrival, leaving The people in the neighborhood raised The very next evening 500 people, many brothers and sisters have been brought a wife and two children. Rafael remained the needed funds by putting up rent Puerto Rican and most from the Lincoln closer by his death and their struggle in the hospital for six days, and is now money, food money, any money they had. Park area, attended a memorial service for justice. A new movement is emerg­ back on the streets. By court time next morning $400 was for Manuel. Speakers from the YLO, the ing in Chicago, an unprecendented co­ Manuel Ramos is dead, but as Cha raised. Black Panther Party, the Concerned alition of revolutionary groups working Cha Jimenez, YLO's chairman has said, But in court, more lies. Lamb's law- Citizens' "Survival Front, the Young Pa­ together for the people. "You can arrest us, you can burn us, yer tried to switch the pig. He claimed triots Organization, the Latin American Copies of a poster of Manuel Ramos us~ you can shoot us, you can kill but that the arresting offic'er had been shot Defense Organization, and the st. Teresa and the last words he spoke before going you can't stop us." Manuel is dead, but and was in the hospital, criticallywound- Welfare Mothers praised Manuel and de­ to the door and being murdered are the Young Lords grow stronger, more ed. Another cop had been shot that night manded the arrest and indictment of a vailable. Send 35 cents to Concerned determined. Manuel's murder has somewhere else in the city and the pigs Lamb. Citizens Survival Front; 2512 Lincoln brought thousands of people marching in lied about his identity. The funeral was held Wednesday mO,rn­ Avenue, Chicago, lliinois. The money the streets demanding that killer Lamb Because of this perjury, bond was set ing. After the service hundreds of people will go to his family. be indicted for murder. Manuel's death as high as possible: $3000 each. By mid- left the church and drove to the cemetary The last words he said were, "MAN! has strengthened the" rainbow" coalition afternoon movement people in the city with clenched fists raised. Many people I BELIEVE EVERYONE SHOULD BE of the YLO, the Black Panther Party had collected enough money and the four wept at the funeral and Manuel's wife ABLE TO WALK FREE, WHETHER and the Young Patriots Organization. It Young Lords were ransomed out of the took it very hard, but all vowed to con- YOU'RE BLACK, WHITE OR BROWN. has led to the Se!z.UI·ELQLa neiErhborhood pig pen. PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 PEOPLE'S DEMANDS 1. That McCormick Seminary immediately turn over to the community $601,000 for low cost housing development. 2. That McCormick provide a building and recreational facilities for a badly needed cooperative daycare center. That the Seminary provide a bus so that children can be picked up for the center. 3. That all the apartments owned by McCormick and rented to people in the com­ _:..---'" munity should be rented to poor and working class families. I\I- 4. That the fence around McCormick be torn down so that the Seminary can be­ '1' "i, '1\ I I,' ~r;~\ come a part of the community, not a fortress against the community. ! NLJ\ f\ -- ,t..-. 5.We demand that the Stone Building be made available to the Puerto Rican com­ munity for the creation of a Puerto Rican cultural center to preserve and strenghten 1~/"'t~1 '0/El~ our cultural and historical heritage and to transmit these values to other peoples d P0 in our community and in Chicago. If it is found mutually advantageous to the Mc­ ,I ..J,. . Me Cormick Seminary and to the Young Lords Organization, we propose that the Sem­ ~ IVFS' If'/,..,h '1'() . t'/ t C L inary make available to the Young Lords Organization sufficient funds to purchase the property of Armitage-Dayton Methodies Church to be made the Puerto Rican !OV>lr. L:, pEO FL~ cultural center. 6. That McCormick extend a grant inthe amount of $25,000 to the Young Lords Org­

.,.{".,..,....-._.."...... ,.- .~ .. ' anization to be used in a community leadership development program and in the continuation and strenghtening of the work of protectingand serving our poor com­ munity. 7. That McCormick actively support the efforts ofthe LaUn American Defense Org­ anization to end the arbitrariness of the Cook County Department of Public Aid in its dealings with Welfare Recipients Defense groups. Specifically we demand that McCormick publically support the three demands that LADO, along with the Wicker Park Coalition for Welfare Rights, have sub­ mitted to David Daniel, Director of the Cook County Department of Public Aid and to George Dunne, President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, l.Removal of Walter A. Cunningham, District Office Supervisor and James Patterson, Assistant office Supervisor, for their lack of sensitivity to the needs and the human dignity of welfare recipients at the Wicker Park Public Aid Office. 2.Voice of the corn munity served by the Wicker Park Office in the selection of a new director of the office...... 3. Voice in the interpretation and implementation of welfare laws'and regula­ (1) (1) tions at the Wicker Park Office level. ~ We demand that this support be expressed in letters to David Daniel, Director Ul of Cook County Department of Public Aid and to George Dunne, President of the ~ (1) Cook County Board of Commissioners. Z 8. That McCormick extend a grant in the amount of $25,000 to the Latin American Defense- Organization to further the aims of creating a strong organization for o tJ1 welfare recipients in our community. co 9. The McCormick publicly oppose and condemn the political persecution carried o .~ out by the city of Chicago against poor people'S organizations such as the Black .£:: Panther Party, the Latin American Defense Organization, and the Young Lords o Organization. McCormick must demand from the respective authorities that charges arising out of political arrests be dropped by the complaining institutions, .....o namely, Department of Urban Renewal, Cook County Department of Public Aid, o Chicago Police Department, the City of Chicago and the State's Attorney Office. ..c: The Young Lords Organization and he Wicker Park Welfare Office Defendants p,.. and, in particular, Jose "Cha-Cha" Jimenez and Obed Loped must not be jailed and punished for their beliefs in justice and for their concern with their com­ munity's rights. 10. That McCormick Seminary extend a «seed money" grant in the amount of $25,000 to establish a legal bureau controlled· by poor people'S organizations (the attorneys to be chosen by the organizations to work full-time for them, and to be responsible only to them.) The Time Limit, decided on by the community to receivE' a definite answer was seven days from May 3, 1969.

received a report that someone had been shot in the State, 21 at Cornell (all dope busts).. This all taking buil4ing. We told them that no one had been shot place in a week that saw the trial of the 21 Panthers .' ,;j and that they couldn't corne in. ~o minutes later in New York moved up to the middle of June in a city they returned with a mass of fire engines and fire­ where felony cases never corne to trial earlier than men. This time the story was that there .was a fire two years after the initial arrest. Earlier inthe week. reported in the office and they began breaking down .in Chicago, Manuel Ramos from the Young Lords the front door of the office. The firemen carried Organization was murdered and Rafael Rivera was axes and long spears. shot in the neck as pigs attacked a YLO party. (see We opened the front door and said that two fire­ story on page four) Ahmed Evans was sentenced to men could corne in and inspect for a fire, but that death in Cleveland and white youths were shot down the pigs would need a warrant to enter. The pigs in the streets of Berkeley. (see story on page 3) There took advantage of the open door and tried to force is every indication that this marks the beginning of ~ their way past us. With the help of axe-swinging long - range attack. Grand juries are presently meetin firemen, they began swinging clubs and tried to on the east and west coasts. It is believed that the} bust some heads. Badlyoutnumbered and overpowered, are aimed primarily at the Black Panther Party. we were arrested and the office was left to the few 1969' s version of the 1920 Palmer raids bring~ people who remained upstairs to defend. Tim Mc­ the movement within the mother country face to face BY MIKE KLONSKY Carthy, Ed Jennings, and Les Coleman, all from with an emerging fascist threat of the type faced by Chicago, and David Slavi,n from New York (in town the black colony for many years. Fascism develops Shortly before the last SDS Na­ for the NIC) and I were charged with "aggravated when capitalism cannot meet the needs of the people battery", «interfering" with a pig and obstructing a and when the people organize to demand the things tional Interim Committee, we re­ fireman. which are rightfully theirs. The crisis in imperial1sm At the hearing the following morning, Ed Jennings is beginning to fall hard on the working class within ceived information from people with was also charged with a warrant that had been held the U.S, The Smith Act type attacks indicate that the contacts inside the Justice Depart­ on him since last summer's Democratic Convention ruling class is uptight about the possiblity of an rebellion. Thousands of such warrants are signed and emerging vanguard organization capable of uniting all ment, that AttorneyGeneral Mitchell can be used whenever the pigs need to bust radicals those under the burden of imperialism. As always, it was planning a nationwide sweep in the city. This was one for «mob action" and raised is the black liberation struggle which is being hit the the bail considerably. Bail was finally set for us at hardest. The youth movement begins to feel the boot against the movementwithin the next $12,5000. when it attacks white supremacy and attempts to build We later found that after the pigs had busted us, class unity with the black colony. The indictments ten days« they never even went through the motions of looking corning down now follow in the wake of over 200 The sweep which would consist of raids in more for a fire. They were obviously bent on busting up rebellions (led primarily by blacks) on campuses than 50 cities was to be coordinated out of Washing­ the office and once the arrests and publicity pre­ ag:!inst white supremacy and institutionalized racism. ton and would make use of local, state and federal vented them along with the remaining office staff One new development in my case has been a travel law enforcement agencies. The word was that dope locking all of the inner office doors, they settled for restriction placed on me which prohibits me from busts would be used as well as charges of «sedition" the bust. This should be seen in the context of leaving the state as well as speakingon any campuses. and Smith Act-type arrests (the Smith Act, over-­ similiar raids on the Panther office just up the There is also an attempt being made to nail me in the turned by the SUpreme Court, made it a crime to street during the week. next week or so for 90 days for a probation violation "advocate or conspire to teach" certain ideas and stemming from the arrest. outlawed all organizations that advocated such ideas, GESTAPO SWEEPS We are attempting to keep on top of arrests and namely Marxism-Leninism.) other attacks on the people throughout the country. The NIC decided that I would use a scheduled The folowing day Health Education and Welfare All busts or even' 'visits from the man which take appearance on «Face the Nation" to break the story Secretary Robert Finch made a speech in which he place in the next few weeks should be seen as part of of the attack. It was clear that the sweep would hit said that the raidon the SDS office" may well have been a nationwide attack and reports and news cl1ppings hardest at the black liberation struggle and that SDS the beginning of a nationwide crackdown on radicals"• should be sent to SDS, 1608 West Madison Street, would also be hit hard, especially around regional Madman Mitchell went out of his way to deny any Chicago, illinois 60612. 312 666-3874. levels of organization. Our guess was that regional such gestapo sweeps. The word we picked up from It is clear that we must respond to fascist attacks organizers rather than nationally known people would our sources indicated that a fight was going on with sol1darity and militancy. We can turn repressioI be picked off in the hopes that the people would not among the various factions within the ruling class into its opposite by pushing to the forefront the issue: be able to muster a coor~ated response. about the sweeps. Mitchell has the reputation among which built our movement in the first place. Wr.; his fellow fascists as a lunatic and they were afraid must raise the demands first basedon the needs of the FALSE FIRE ALARM that his clumsiness in dealing with the movement at most oppressed. The night following the TV show (May 12) about this time would screw up the long range extermination ten of us were working in the National Office. As plans. It is suspected that many, including Finch FREE HUEYI usual, whenever SDS or some SDS member or action (no moderate himself) tried to head off the sweeps, hits heavy in the media, bomb threats' were corning but lost. Mitchell reportedly has the support of con­ FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS! in regularly from assorted Nazis and drunks. About gress and will now proceed full speed ahead. one in morning, three or four carloads of pigs pUlled The day following the bust, hundreds of indict­ IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL OF ALL OCCUPATIO) up in front of the office and carne to the door. When ments were handed down across the country: 17 at FORCES FROM VIETNAM AND THE BLACK COLONY asked what they wanted, they replied that they had Brooklyn College, 13 at Stonybrook, 109 at Memphis POWER TO THE PEOPLE!

JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE~ R

ALL PHOTOS ON THIS PAGE COURTESY OF BLACK PANTHER NEWSPAPER

to the Program. They suggested a boycott against "I am a revolutionary. I am a revolutionary." talist America any program that is absolutely free is considered bad business. The Black Pan­ Safeway, until that giant chainstore decided to give «There's gonna be some barbecue if· Huey' s not set ther Party is a vanguard organization and a van­ some free food. One little boy, abo.ut seven, shouted free." guard organization educates by example. The Black out: "I'll tell my mama, don't buy. Right on." He Panther PaI'ty is educating the people to the was clutching a Little Red Book 'in one hand. No «Power to the people." fact that they have a right to the best that modern doubt he did tell his mother. And so did a lot of technology and human knowledge can produce. other children. Two weeks later, the Panthers an­ If 'You came along with some 8000 others to see The World belongs to the people. nounced that Safeway began donating food to the . about Huey on May 1st in San Francisco, you would Program. ' have heard more than a hundred small children There are now 10 Breakfast Programs in the Bay The meeting itself was out of sight. Everything chanting these slogans. The chants were energetic, Area and twice that many across the country. Pan­ the Panthers said was punctuated by spontaneous determined and happy. They knew what they were thers work overtime preparing the breakfast and outbursts of M Right on", «Free Huey", M Power to about. getting food from various mechants in the com­ the People". One sister told the children, "We want These were some of the children who the ,Panthers mu'nity. In an effort to reach the community, the you to grow up to be strong revolutionaries so you feed a free breakfast every morning before school. Panthers take the addresses and phone numbers of can finish off what we have started". With stomachs As Big Man, the Deputy Minister of Information of the children who participate in the Program. The full of food and minds full of images of Huey, what the BPP wrote: Panthers hope that eventually the community itself do yoU" think these children are thinking about as The free breakfast for children, program is a will take responsiblity for running the program. they pledge allegiance to the flag in school each socialistic program designed to serve the people. (This has already happened in East Oakland.) morning? All institutions in a society should be designed to At a lively meeting of children and some mothers, Serve the masses, not just a "chosen few·, In the Panthers explained to the children how the A,E.B. America this .program is revolutionary. In capi- power of the people makes merchants donate food

"

JUNE 1969 'AGE 6 THE MOVEMENT by Suzanne Crowell from the SOUTHERN PATRIOT STRIKE_ vs BLACK LUNG CHARLESTON, W. Va._The strike of 42,000 West ton, had labelled th e strike leaders as came to Charleston and held a mock Virgina coal miners last month brought a renewed men who hadn't worked in a mine funeral procession with miners in the spirit of labor militancy to the mountains and shook for 20 years, "agitated by outsiders". Capitol rotunda. an entire state. STRUGGLE CONTINUES The miners struck to force passage of on February 26. Hundreds came to the BLACK/WHITE UNITY The Senate passed a billwhich ignored a workmen's compensation law for black Capitol the next day to begin their lobby­ the miners' demands. The bill went lung. The legislature passed a law at ing effort. The strike was not "called" by any­ one. The BLA is headed by Charles into conference, and an 11th hour ver­ 11:51 p. M. March 8 - the last legal day Legislators felt pressure immediate­ sion resulted. The miners are not of the session. ly. One accused "a few doctors and a Brooks, a miner from Kanawha County. He also happens to be black, which is satisfied with it, although it embodies Only after Governor Arch Moore bologna_waving congressman" of stir­ some of their demands. signed the bill, three days later, did all ring up the miners. not surprising in west Virginia. The UMW has always stressed unity of black For example, the law does not require the men go back to work. He was referring to Drs. I.E. Buff, X-ray evidence of black lung, because The struggle to clean up the mines Hawley Wells and Donald Rasmussen, and white, as well as European imm!.­ grant and pioneer descendant. Without many miners with breathing difficulties began months ago, with a series of and Congressman Ken Hechler (see Feb­ do not have positive X-rays. local meetings to rally support for the ruary PATRIOT) such solidarity, the union could not have wOn the famous battles of the thirties The law alwo presumes tha black compensation bill. The bill was seen as Others started using the side doors to lung is derived from coal mining if a device to force mine owners to clean avoid their constituents, who had set up and forties. The miners marched to the Capitol the claimant worked in the mines 10 up their mines bymakingit too expensive a display of signs, obituaries, and a coffin of the last 15 years preceding his last not to. in the rotunda of the Capitol. after the rally, and Gov. Moore came out to address them. There was only exposure. The employer has the burden The strike had such impact on the state The rally an d march on February 26 of proving otherwise. political scene that many observerspre­ drew 3,000 miners to Charleston. It scattered applause, although Moore promised them support. When he said But the law lacks two important BLA dicted the future test of every politician was sponsored by the Black Lung Assoc­ demands. One was for a new medical his «hands were tied" because the bill would be: "Where were you when the iation (BLA), made up of miners. Spirit board, with doctors from different parts was still in legislature, a few mut­ miners went out?" was high as each local arrived and of the state. The other was a free­ One figure who has already been crit­ marched on stage to shouts of "No law, tered, "Your hands WILL be tied." treatment and research center in Char­ icized is John D. ("Jay") Rockefeller IV no coal!" In the legislature that day, miners leston. He is West Virginia's Secretary of Stat~ Miners came into their own as speak­ sat in the galleries and yelled down to The day after the bill passed, 2,000 until the strike. He has said little or ers that day, too. Previously, only doc­ their representatives, "I see you. Hope miners gathered to decide what to do nothing about bla ck lung. Charges that tors, lawyers and lawmakers had ad­ you're enjoying that plush seat, because next. None of the speakers over-rated he and his family profit from mining dressed most meetings. This time, you won't have it lang." the law. The miners shouted down a conditions have not been answered to miners outnumbered them on stage and Coincidentally, the first bill to get motion to return to work before the bill out of com mittee arrived in the House the satisfaction of the miners. several spoke to the crowd. was signed. They revealed tension between many as the miners were having their rally. They made it plain they didn't think The BLA lost no time in d.enouncing SPONTANEOUS START union members and union headquarters. the battle was over, either. A special The strike started spontaneouslywhen one miner called the BLA "your local it. Amendments were later adopted to session of the legislature is expected make it acceptable. Local 6108, United Mine Workers, at union away from your local union." in July. U Let's replenish our coffers," Another said he was"33 years a United Coal operators, meanwhile, asked for East Gulf in Raleigh County, left their said one. "We'll be back". They want jobs. In five days, the strike was state­ mine Worker and 35 years a miner - and a federal court injunction, claiming they Wide. It lasted 23 days. Pm ashamed of some things going on in were losing $1,122,000 a day. The in­ improvement in the black lung bill and Miners decidedat a mass meetingFeb­ our organization." , junction was denied. new safety legislation. ruary 23 to go to Charleston en masse UMW President W.A.BoYle, Washing- West Virginia University students held The strikers left the meeting with the meetings in support of the miners. Some spirit of rebellion still in the air. a mi: R er,s Iife

by Joe Mulloy SO the other miners accordingto company speed standards By the time the two sons decided tv fiee to Canada from the UTHERN PA TRIO T and fire them if they didn't keep up. Once the miners to avoid the draft, they had their father's strong back­ reached the required pace and maintained it, the com­ ing. Once he saw through "the lies about Vietnam", pany would raise the rate. This procedure is known as other sacred cows closer to home began to topple. DANTE; Va._ "It was an eyeopen­ speedup. widely practiced in industry then and now. His entire life changed. er. You see through one lie and you The companies kept order in the mines by threat- "Vietnam made me more politically conscious," ening to shut down if there was any labor-management Tiller declared. "I was then able to see that the see through all the rest." trouble: Tiller soon moved up to foreman, and he fol­ courthouse has but two goals: to work for the coal The speaker is John Tiller, a Southern white man, lowed the company line because"they didn't pay much companies' interest and to perpetuate themselves in and the lie he refers to is the Vietnam War. He and money those days for crusaders. You know certain office. his wife Katherine came to this conclusion about things are right and wrong, but you get caught up in "The Appalachian man and woman have gotten Vietnam after watching the first Senate hearing on making a living and it becomes all-importantt nothing in return for their labor and sacrifice, ex­ the war in early 1966. His only experience with the UMW was in the mid­ cept slag heaps, barren hillsides, and starvingbabies." Since then, the Tillers have joined the growing 40' s when it tried to organize theforemen. "This effort Since 1966 John Tiller has been very active. He movement for freedom and justice in Appalachia and failed," said Tiller, "when John L. Lewis traded us helped to form a poor people's organization to chal~ the rest of the South. for increased welfare benefits. But 1 never Qelonged lenge the established Byrd machine in Dickenson There are many popular misconceptions abo,ut the and looked down on those that did." County. He strongly supported the Poor People's South. One is that the people are hopelessly lost to In 1958, in order to cut production costs, the coal Campaign last spring because of his -hope that some­ the reactionary forces of the right. Another is that companies clos.'d down hundreds of small mines and thing permanent among the poor could be formed." the "good" people who aren't on the right are some­ automated the others. Thousands of men were thrown In January of this year he was badly pistol whipped how left over from the early organizing drives of out of work overnight. Tiller was one of them. in the face by a local deputy sheriff who told him to the United Mine Workers and the C.I.O. This led to his first real consciousness of the op­ quit"messing with those niggers and draftdodgers." Both of these misconceptions are wrong. Southern pression of black people. "They were cut off like the John Tiller believes there is no hope for change whites are subject to the same fears and frustrations rest of us. But when the few jobs began to open up, under the present system--the.control of the country as anyone else in this society. And they are affected none of them were hired back." by those who own the big farms, the big insfustries, by the same conditions that affect students at San Tiller eventually found work in Southwestern Vir­ and the big banks. He says that the working man Francisc0 State College. ginia at the huge Moss #3 mine, second largest in and the welfare recipient, black and white, must see The vital question facing everyone is how to re­ the United States, where he now works. He continued that they have a common interest. spond to these frustrations and conditions. The story to lead an ordinary life, raising his children, pursuing He believes they must form independent political of how John Tiller became part ofthe movement holds his hobby ofwriting short stories, and" privately paying organizations that affect their lives. This is what he hope for the future. lip service to what I knew was right" . «Over the years," is working at now. As he says, "Our only hope is Tiller was born in 1920 in Pike County, Kentucky, he added, "little things began to build up." to ORGANIZE." not far from the scene of the Matewan Massacre of In the mid-60's, when two of his eight children be­ There is a big difference between being an in­ the same year. The massacre resulted from a gun came draft age, the entire family, like so many other different minuteman in the mines and organizing battle between detectives hired by the coal operators families, began to be concerned about the Vietnam independent politics. But the conditions that make the and a sherrif who was friendly to the miners. Tiller's War. They read, discussed, and watched the Senate difference are around us all the time, the inade­ father was a miner and John entered the mines at 17. hearings on TV. "What shocked me was that Fulbright quacies and contradictions of the present political His first job was as a minuteman. He would time was just as'- powerless as I was," Tiller recalled. and economic system.

JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 7 j'l,.': ~1 lv' SPRING,' OFFENSIVE

and Queensboro was to build broad coali­ sufficient to generate concern and rec­ by Dione Donghi, Nick Freudenberg and Dave Gilbert tions to end political suppression. This ognition of our seriousness. results in organizing liberals as liberals --"defend the rights of a communist, al­ RELATIONS WITH BLACK A year of political action in New York City schools low political activity". The fallacyofthis MOVEMENT approach, as in the 1950s, is that liberals We hadn't anticipated the role and and colleges culminated in the Spring Offensive. In the as liberals have no reason to struggle. strength of the black student movement. Thus, both campuses had long peacefUl Our program didn' t give any clues as to last month more than 50 schools in the city have been sit-ins, but itwas impossible, to escalate. how to relate strategically and tactically hit by student insurrections. Thousands of new people The mass of students didn't understand to black struggles. Though we did have the need to challenge the power of the a broad conception of our role in sup­ have been involved in struggles ranging from peaceful administration. porting the black struggle !:>y building­ sit-ins to rock-throwing, fire-bombing and streetfighting. The alternative to liberalism is show­ a white movement against white suprem­ ing people the necessity to join our strug­ acy, as specific struggles unfolded, the Almost everywhere actions were in­ basis of the program, this approach could gle. This requires connecting the im­ strategic application of this concept was itiated and led by Black and Puerto Rican very easily be sucked into the dominant mediate local issues with the major pol­ open. Black students related to white students. The vanguard struggleswere in liberal ideology- _" education is the road itical issues so that people have some­ students differently on various camp- the high schools. There, Black, Latin and to equal opportunity". This demand a­ thing worth fighting for. We must con­ At Manhattan Community College, white students fought together around voided the whole question of white sup­ front the questions of power and violence where almost half the students are black programs demanding, among other remacy and privilege. head-on to initiate a level of tactics or third world andwhere student go home things: pigs out of the schools, black .To oppose this tendancy, we tried to and latin studies programs, an end to show that the resources of the university tracking, and open admissions to col­ are used by a particular class to main- lege. This high school movement has tain itself. Our struggle was not to ad­ also had excellent tactical flexibility. mit more people to the haven of the One day there would be a picket line, university, but rather. to make the schools the next day an occupation of the cafe­ another front for class struggle--afront teria, then fires or battles with the in which black and third world people pigs outside the school, In one week will win some victories that will con­ in late April fires broke out in 30 of cretely aid their struggle for self de­ the city's high schools. termination. For the first time there was heavy Another problem: People had a tend­ political action at New York's com­ ency ,to approach the open admissions munity colleges. At Queensboro Com­ demand as a metaphysical attack on munity college there was a three-week white skin privilege. sit-in. (see page 1<'1 ) Black students at When people failed to relate racism Bronx Community College and Third to class oppression programatically, World Students at Manhattan Community they were left with the idea that one College seizedbuildings demanding black fights white supremacy by giving the and latin studies and increased black and correct rap to Whites, rather than by latin adminissions. In both cases fledg­ • struggling together with blacks. This ling SDS chapters aided in support of tendency encouraged the liberal attitude black and Puerto Rican demands. --"let's admit those poor underprivi­ Three of the six senior colleges of leged Blacks and Latins into the univ­ the City University were shut down by ersity" . action around black and third world At NYU downtown, the SDS chapter students' demands. At City College, tried to relate to a spontaneous strug­ black and Puerto Rican students oc­ gle for the abolition of grading by com­ cupied and shut down the entire South bining it with their demands for open campus. The two-week occupation ended admissions. But the attempt to combine with a court injunction, but black, latin a demand for more class privilege with and white radicals continue action around an attack on class privilegewas doomed their demands. to failure. Even though some organizers A court injunction at Brooklyn Col­ talked about an end to grading as a lege temporarily slowed down a month necessary consequence of open admis­ of steady action by black, Puerto Rican sions, the basic motivation behind com­ and white students in support of 18 bining the two demands was to coopt a demands put forth by the Black and liberal struggle on its own terms. Puerto Rican Alliance. They took over Our own formulation of open admis­ the President's office twice, as well sions for black, third world and white as other offices and facilities. They working class youth tried to integrate disrupted classes regularly and held emphasis on the colonial question and raliies daily. white skin privilege with a full class At Queens College blacks and whites program. We now think this formula­ moved separately. Blacks moved around tion was both too general and often setbacks in the SEEK program for ·cul­ wrong. turally disadvantaged" youths. Whites In the high schools the formulation was moved around the suspension of several appropriate because in practice blacks students and the firing of a professor. and Puerto Ricans led the struggle and Similiar struggles against racism and because white privilege was clearly con­ imperialiSm were fought at Columbia, fronted by the no tracking and discipline Pratt, NYU downtown and uptown, and demands. (Trackingand expulsion affects Fordham. . black, Puerto Ricans and white worki.ng class youth in different ways.) Alsowhlte PROGRAM TO PRACTICE working class youth ARE systematically excluded from the colleges. . On certain campuses, however, the in- po~I:;r~U;:ap~:~s~~Sa :~~n~r~~~::a~ cluding of a white working class demand , was used as an excuse for not talking practice the program failed to answer about white supremacy. Even worse, some very. basic questions. ~e had two a few students talked about adding on types of dlfficulties: those ansing from white working class demands to the ~e demands themselves, and those com- demand for open admissions that blacks mg from our ignorance of the black d I t'n ut forth for blacks and latins. movement in NYC an a 1 s p The Demands.' Initially the demand It is wrong to tack oIl. "white demands" for open admissions was discussed al- to an on-going black struggle. It is a 'most as a program in itself. This ap- way to avoid accepting black leadership proach raised the contradiction between and avoid fighting white supremacy. our saying that the schools are for shit . Two examples. Both at Brooklyn and on the one hand, and our saying that Manhattan Community College the SDS more people should be Into them, on the chapters had begun to organize around other hand. Also, the focus on open ad- a program including open admissions missions led to a heavy stress on trying for black, latin and white working class. to make the exactly correct rhetorical However, when black and third world formulation of a full class and colonial students issued demands callingfor open position in terms of that one demand. admissions for black and third world We didn't understand that the actual people only, the SDS chapter voted to fully lessons of privilege and class oppres- support them. SDS saw the winning of sion grow out of struggle, rather than those demands as a pre-requisite for from the correct ideological formula- further action on the SDS program. Both tion. Open admissions had to be puf in chapters felt that to move separately on the context of a total assault on all the their program would divert from the class and colonial functions of the black struggle and would therefore not schools. We learned that an attack on be the best attack on white supremacy, racist admissions policies should not be which, afterall, is the objective. separated from an attack on the racist An important area our program failed ':ontent of the school, that is, from the to deal with was the question of political lemand for black studies programs. firings of teachers and political repres- There were several problems with the sion in ,general, Both Queens College ormulation of the open admissions de- and Queensboro SDSgotinvolved in broad 1and itself. A strong tendency, particu- coalitions against political suppression. 'arly within the City Universities, wanted At -~ueens, in fact, the issue of re- a make the demand a c'all for "free criiiting which led to the suspension of miversal higher education". By not ar- 3·students was dropped by the coalition. I.-; ~- -n' ticulating clearly the class and colonial, The §trategy Qut forth hy Pit at Queens C

PAGE 8 THE MOVEMENT-dil ,:i JUNE 1969 IN NEW YORK

every night to black and third world com­ clear. SDS chapters have organized pri­ tions, fighting the pigs, etc. These meth­ struggles have been led by black and third world students and that explains munities and where many of them have marily around support for black de­ ods have been sucessful in winning over mands. The real problem has been with more people. their militancy and high level of pol­ organizational ties off campus, there was Columbia, however, applied the notion little need for white support. black TACTICAL leadership. Mostwhite itical consciousness. SDS has had to radicals at City, Manhattan, Brooklyn of following black leadership somewhat overcome tremendous difficulties. De­ At City College, again, the black stu­ mechanically, depending on black stu­ dents had little need for white support. and Colmubia have seen themselves as spite heavy faction fights, brand new tactically separate from the black move­ dents for tactical leadership. Therefore, chapters with almost total lack of ex­ Here too, there is a high percentage of when black students did not lead a mili­ black and latin students and the school ment. The role of black students at perience in struggle, there are now City, Manhattan and Pratt has been to tant fight because of their feeling of iso­ masses of students around the city itself is located in Harlem. Both cam­ lation, the SDS chapter found it verydif­ fighting racism and imperialism. For puses had strong militant black strug­ close down the school--to win the de­ mands by any means necessary. Tactics ficult to move. A more flexible approach the first time there is a militant city­ gles. to black leadership might have been bet­ wide high school movement of black At Columbia, however, black students varied from mass actions to so-called "terror" tactics. At City, where white ter. For example, if the blacks weren't and white students led by the High are few in number and much more iso­ moving because they feared a: repeat School Coalition, Afro-American stu­ lated from their community. Also there students leave the campus every night, radical white students were split. Many of last year's SDS takeover, the Colum­ dent Association, The Black Student is a large white radical movement at bia chapter could have mobilized the Unions and the High School Student Columbia which overshadowed the black wanted to engage in clandestine acts, while others correctly believed that they campus to show militant support for the Union. The success of the HSSU, the struggle last spring. had to get to the rest of the white stu­ black struggles on other campuses and only city-wide white group, was im­ At most campuses, the POLITICAL dents with different tactics: picket lines, high. schools around the city. Instead, portant in transforming a potential race leadership of the black students has been marches, rallies, classroom disrup- when the white students finally did move, war into a class struggle of blacks and it was too. late. Confusion and a court whites against the Board of Education. injunction made a good struggle im­ Several community colleges now have possible. strong movements where none existed When we talk about black leadership before, Most of the branches of the City what we should mean is that the black University have had .good fights and have struggle AS A WHOLE is leading the replaced the elite schools as the scene revolutionary struggle-- politically and of primary struggle. Fihally, the elite tactically. It is wrong to isolate blacks schools have continued to develop, to on one campus and demand that they train cadre and to use their strength lead our struggle. At the same time, to reach out to high schools and com­ SDS obviously shouldn't move without munity groups. consultation with black students, espec­ The main failure' during the Spring ially when blacksare in motion. . Offensive was our inability to build a At other schools we faced a false clear consiousness.of a citywide move­ kind of tactical contradiction. At each ment. Although the simultaneous actions commuter school shut down by blacks, across the country make it impossible whites had tremendous difficulty in re­ NOT to see the connections, there is aching the people they wanted to org­ still a strong tendency towards isola­ anize. On one hand, it was a victory to tionism. Few chapters workel1 together shut down the schools. On the other hand, to help each other. City-wide demon­ we could not get together with our con­ strations were consistently small. At­ stituency. Often, a few people would get tempts to link. up schools in a par­ demoralized and say that the blacks ticular area or particular kinds of should have w1iited until whites could schools also failed. This failure is im­ organize. Bullshit. Maybe the NLF should portant because unless radicals extend have waited until we organized an anti­ their political practice beyond a specific imperialist movement. school we cannot become a revolutionary youth movement. THE LAW On the whole we failed to build org­ anic links between SDS and the high Repression has been another prob­ school movement. Some chapters tried lem. At Brooklyn, City and Queens, to use the high school students for their pigs occupied the campus making some own struggles. They didn't recognize forms of political activity difficult. the legitimacy of the high school, stu­ Nevertheless in no ease has the white dents' own struggles and also had a movement failed to hold rallies, dis­ mechanical understanding of black lead­ rupt classes etc. But pigs have been a ership. political problem. Last year at Colum­ Partly because of our failure to see bia SDS had to fight the liberal senti­ ourselves ,as a unified city movement, ment that cops on campus was the issue. we found it difficult to act as a pol­ Now, radicals at CCNY and Brooklyn itical force off campus. For example, agree that pigs ARE the problem--as when the black caucus of the Mahwah an occupying force representing the Ford plant asked us to support their State's power.But an attempt by Brook­ wildcat, we vacillated between seeing lyn student government to' call a lib­ ourselves as giving the right line to eral anti-cop strike failed becausewhite workers and as merely putting our radicals did not allow the pig issue to bodies on the picket line. We failed be separated from black and latin de­ to develop an understanding of our own mands. movement and our relations to workers., The injunction is the ruling class' Similiar problems arose in our rela­ new tool to bust student movements. tionship with community control groups In the last month more than 8 restrain­ -- the strike at Lincoln Hospital andwith ing orders and injunctions have been the Welfare Rights Organization. taken out against various campus act­ Lack of citywide consciousness also prevented us from dealing with 'repres­ ivists. Respons~s to injunctions have varied. Queensboro radicals ignored the sion in a coherent way. As yet, no bah injunction. (Result: 30 busts) At other fund has been set up and we're just schools injunctions led to a slow down starting to talk with lawyers about on­ in mass and direct actions and an in­ going relationships. We're just begin­ crease both in rallies and class disrup­ ning to deal with the question of how tions, fires and bombs. As yet no one to respond to repression in a non­ has been busted for violating injunctions defensive way. Our response to the Pan­ against rallies and meetings. ther 21 bust is just a beginning. (see Although Columbia SDS understood the the MOVEMENT, May, 1969) importance of breaking the injunction, WHERE FROM HERE? people thought they had to move clan­ destinely. This resulted in further con­ Our failures isdicate where we must fusion on campus and alienated many place our priorities for work in the would -be supporters. Most chapters corning months. First, we have to build now see· the injunction as a law, like a city-wide consciousness. Our sum­ any other law, and evaluate the politi­ mer program (the Work Out or "Taking cal implications of violating it as such. a Step Off the Subway") is aimed at In general, it seems like mass busts building the disciplined cadre necessary ~ have been replaced by selective con­ to reach out into vocational schools, ~ spiracy charges. Twenty people were shops, factories, gangs and other sec­ ~ arrested at Brooklyn for conspiring tors of youth. We also have to strength­ to ,commit arson and 22 other charges en and intensify our work in community each! Total bail was $60,000. They colleges, high schools and in the Army. aimed the frame-up at black and Puerto Our summer program will also in­ Rican leadership. Everyone expects clude a serious study of the political more conspiracy frame-ups in the next economy of New York City. From this ii few weeks. study we hope to strengtl1€n our' theory ~ Injunctions. haven't been used in the and develop approaches to off-campus high schools yet. There the pigs have work in supporting workers' struggles. ; relied on beatings and selective arrests. We also plan to have people working ~ Many top organizers have been busted in the social services--hospitals, wel­ on felonies and bail has been unusually fare, transit, etc. We see those as key high. areas in which workers' and community j struggles will be developing. ~ SUCCESSES AND FAILURES Our ,task then is to combine the 'i: theoretical and practical experience o we'll get during the ,summer with the > First, this spring has been the best ~ Ip.ssons of the Spring Offensive so that .Iext fall we can tear this motherfucking • •' bers--of new people, Most Of these cl".y apart. . PAGE 9 JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT ~ .~rr~nzrrf:\n i~~)WDi~~~Ftrf~l0'\~ ~ ~VA\I:PI:~~ 1r 'Jlr.L<'· ~iWJJ. ~\,11)\, '.~~~'.... '. ~\·I(.'i.!'\. )... 1\\.\\.1'1 Ii . II ..jl~ vI."I r .. I, 'fA\ ! U', '. j \ '; '; ; '. :i) I I \\. N ~ I I 'I \, \"\1 " \JL 1.\ I i ,._,,:j '1\.1 ;,'\ 1i ),1 .'J",' \.'Jl'\\\, L' U\\l · Ii I 'I " L)., I\ '-- \', V\!kg J\J LJ ;t~ ~. .-' J U\\:",cc~~ IJ \., -" UU U ~le rnan au orllel' Ul:;ea:;e:; COlllUllltJU, from your bOsS ana to "get alOng". Tne are in mental hospitals. More people authoritarian rules and demanding tech­ are not put away because on a national nicians are there to make patients pas­ basis it costs about $2000 a year for sive conformists to the hospital's rules. each patient. Yet the fact that $5 a day One nurse told me, while waving a is spent on mental patients while $50 hypodermic needle, uIf it doesn't sink "Our intention (the doctor explains) is to make this as a day is spent on general hospital into his thick skull by me telling it much like your own democratic, free neighborhoods as patients indicates the deplorable con­ to him through his ear, maybe he can ditions ·of the state's mental hospitals. understand it in his ass." possible--a little world inside that is a made-to-scale These conditions have been summarized by official psychiatric associations which LIFE IN THE HOSPITAL phototype of the big world outside that you will one day found less than 25% of the hospitals be taking your place in again••.A good many of you are in meet approved standards. The first thing that impresseduswhen The mental hospital is an institution we arrived at Camarillowas the massive here because you could not adjust to the rules of society half-way between prisons and public Spanish style buildings fill two city in the Outside world becuase'you refused to face up to schools. It exists to re-socialize those blocks with a maze of courtyards inter­ who have "broken-down" underthestres­ mixed with long two story dormitories. them, because you tried to circumvent them•.• ! tell you ses of their job, their family, or their We quickly found it was impossible this hoping you will understand that it is entirely for community. These "break-downs" come to get around without a big ring of keys. as rebellions and manifest themselves I lost, mine once and continually got YOUR OWN GOOD that we enforce discipline and order". as either flights into a fantasy world locked in or out of some room with or simply withdraw:!l. Others go nor- no one near to rescue me. The halls mally about their 1ives , and because and passageways were dirty and drab this may be "bizarre" in the middle institutional colors; grey, green creme ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOOS NEST, Ken Kesey class standards of the police and courts, and pink were everywhere. Outside there they are committed. The old notions were a lot of weeds and mud, while of psychotherapy, of understarding the the inside looked just as unkempt with unconscious or dreams have been ragged chairs and beat up furniture. dropped. We had been working several months Vtrtually the only kind of treatment before we discovered the back wards by Don Monkerud we saw in the hospital was «reality in the medical hospital section. The therapy." If someone thinks he is Gengis part of the medical hospital the public Kahn or hears voices, it doesn't matter. sees is painted and clean but the inac­ What matters is that he doesn' t tell cessible parts are dirty and deterior­ The movement is just beginning to move in the direction anyone about it. If he "behaves" nor­ ated. Patients are crowded 5 or 6 to of organizing poor and working class whites. Inorganizing mally, people will think he is normal. a small room with inadequate staffing. Re-socialization works by taking the Surgical dressings are messy and dirty, the poor and powerless we should also think about the concept of "normal", by making a pat­ beds are seldom changed and patients nightmare world of the mental hospitals. Most patients tern, a mold, and by fitting everyone say they are frightened. The technicians into it. If you fit the pattern you are related that the administrationwas trying are there not because conditions were worse for them released. The mental hospital is the only to round up all the gereatrics to "keep institution the society has to rebuild, them out of sight" . individually, but because they revolted against these in its own image, those who rebel against When committed, the patient is strip­ condition~. Work in the mental hospital sharpens the it without breaking laws. ped of his identity and begins his career Seventy per cent 0 f the patients at as one of the mentally ill -- known at understanding of the contradictions working class and Camarillo come from court committ­ the hospital as an "m.i.". This is done poor people face everyday as some of them "crack" ments which originate from complaints by a hospital routiD.e programmed to -. filed by the police. It cannot be stressed convince the patient that he is insane under the real problems and pressures of unsatisfying too muc~ that YOU DO NOT HAVE TO and incompetent to' make any decisions. work, arbirary bosses and uncertain futures. COMMIT A CRIME TO BE COMMITTED The hospital takes responsibility for TO A MENTAL HOSPITAL. The court everything -- how much you smoke Last summer I took a course in the There are over 600 mental hospitals simply adjudges you a "menace to your and eat, how you dress, how you wear "Sociology of Mental Illness" which ex­ in the United States with an annual self or to th e community" with little your hair, who you write letters to or amined social causes and functions of budget of $2 billion. Mental illness has or no proof. This is done on the basis call on the phone and virtually all other what is called mental illness rather than been defined to include 20 million people. o f police reports and an interview by details of your life. The patient learns the individual pathology which is nor­ Mental hospitals are only able to get the court psychiatrist which averages that he is to be dependent on the tech­ mally studied.· This meant spending 8 hold of 1 1/2 million every year. This 9.2 minutes in L.A. The menace 1S nicians, passive and docile. Any at­ weeks in a mental hospital, in which 4 figure reflects the number of residents usually that you have not learned the tempts to get something you want is of us later took jobs. We organized to and doesn't include the 800,000 who are rules and regulations well enough and seen as "manipulation" , hence a sign attempt to alleviate the oppression from admitted each year and who do not spend must be re-tooled. The main feature of your illness. arbitrary confinement and authoritar­ the full year in the hospital. On any of this re-tooling process is the work The doctors and technicians hold reg­ ianism which people in the mental hos­ one day of the year, 900,000 people, program which helps you learn" respon­ Ular "team" meetingsto compare notes, make collective decisions and to decide pital had to live with. While all of us "1{hich represents more hospitalized peo- sibility" and"dis('.iplinp." ; to take orders clearly saw the atrocities being com­ ~+J'<. ~" 'foP 4 <.J.!.t" ~ .. '*.:r¥, mitted, organizing was inhibited because of the limited political perspectives, lack of experience and limited com­ mittment of the students who had been on the periphery of the movement. We have met several people who have been in mental hospitals and who have re­ quested information beyond the textbooks and formal liberal educational myths about "mental illness". 'Though this ex­ perience was limited, some things can be learned about the way the instit­ ution functions, from the description of patient life, about the political issues and as guidelines for future organizing in mental hospitals...... ro c MENTAL HEALTH o en I-< Camarillo state Hospital is the largest Q) of the 10 state hospitals in California 0.. for the mentally ill. It lies isolated by !Ilountains on three sides just fifty 01 miles north of Los Angeles on the edge ...... C of the fertile Ventura plain which sup­ ..c +--' plies California's citrus' needs. Built o in the early '30s and surrounded by 8' Z high concrete walls and heavy wooden c gates, 3300 patients are all that remain ...... \ of the 6800 patients (1960) who once c populated a self-sufficilmt institution o 'U complete with its own vegetable gar­ Q) dens, orchards, dairy, forced labor, crowded conditions and'daily brutalities. ~ Electric shock, straight jackets, hosing 'U down and isolation roomshave since I-. and stelazine). At tll~ same time that ..0 more sophisticated methods of coercion o and oppression were being developed, +--'o mental health was developing and be­ ..c coming a big business. 0.

PAGE 10 THE MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 years accumulation of dirt, blood and draft organizing films to the students piss), dressing old chronics and other­ and talk to them about the war and wise keeping the institution phYsically -racism..T,·here was, little we could do running. This wo;rk is without 'pay and ih terms of concrete organizing be­ serves restaurants and hotels with cheap cause of their short stay and most of labor by referrals when patients are them tried to get into L.A, on the released. If a patient refuses his work week ends for some action. therapy in the kitchen or on the garbage Organizing black patients was never truck it is a sign 0 f his "illness" and seriously attempted because we feared he loses all his privileges until he iswill­ repercussion which would come down ing to cooperate. Technicians are often on them. We never could prove any of reluc.tant to lose good workers and the beatings because the technicians try to keep them around. always said the bruises and stiches we A great deal of free time is spent saw were accidents from 'drug reactions trying to talk to the doctors and social and they had the patients so frightened workers who hold the key to the outside. they would not talk. These people decide when a patient is In fact, the main reason we didn't "well" and can be placed in a board attempt to organize patients was the and care home. These homes are indeed complete control the technicians exer­ a mixed blessing. The state pays $187.50 cised through the arbitrary use of drugs which provides $15 spending money and and the lock up. Because we couldn't room and board for a month. Business­ find a blatant case of mistreatment men run these board and care homes it was impossible to rallypatients around and cut all corners, including keeping the an issue. We thought of using leaflets spending money, to keep their profits to reach the patients but this would up. The state insures them a plentiful bave simply gotten us fired on the g~ounds supply of boarders and maintains little of "stirring up already mentally dis­ control or supervision over the homes. turbed patients'. Consequently the only If a patient doesn't cooperate he will thing we could do was form small groups be returned to the hospital and begin of patients and try to keep them out of again his indeterminate sentence. the way of the technicians control. Any At the same time that the hospital uprising will have to be spontaneous functions to re-program people, it also and the only thing we can do is to have presents us with a microcosm of soc­ workers organized to link the struggles iety in which many of the contradictions together. are heightened and stand out in naked Organizing workers 'around racism relief. We were not surprised to find was difficult because all of the 12 black the same problems at Camarillo as workers employed were in service jobs. we find in the other institutions. The white workers we talked to were overt racists and became hostile when RACISM pressed. Our project to expose racism Reaction against racism is presenting at Camarillo was planned to coincide with the hospital with the first serious threats the battles which were going on at San to its authority. Camarillo is not an Francisco state. (We had been talking a isolated case. Hospitals across the coun­ lot about the S, F. State Struggle) The plan try are being hit by the repercussions of was to pull off a media trip by staging the black movement. Several recent a sit-in or taking over a building and cases dramatize Eldridge Cleaver's de­ preparing a list of demands. ' mand that all black people held in The mental hospital is extremely vul­ mental hospitals be released. Earlier nerable to pUblicity and had just been in the year, a militant black man was hit by charges ofpoor conditions and lack committed over a hassle after failing of treatment by an independent labor un­ to pay his rent. The recent strike at ion. Television cameras on the grounds ...... ro the Lincoln Hospital, in the mostly and articles in the newspapers shook up c: Puerto Rican and black South Bronx the hospital and stopped work for 2 o in New York, revealed not only bru­ weeks while people talked about the rn s-. tality and lack of treatment but also issues. (J) that black people, ethnIc minorities and We talked to several people and held p" poor people always fall prey to the a meeting with some black janitors. 01 thought control factory. They were generally favorable but dis­ .....c: The population of Camarillo is made trusted us because we had college educa­ ..c:..... up of black, Mexican-American and poor tions and could easily get a job if fired• o whites. The administration and profes­ We planned another meeting to discuss Z Sional workers are 99 1/2% white and further plans but before vie could meet middle class. The technicians, which one of the people we had talked to finked .....c: make up the bulk- of the employees, to the administration. This effectively c: have only about 3% minorities. The brought an end to our organizing. Both o main reason there are not more min­ the whites and the blacks were scared off '"0 orities among employees is the ruth­ (J) _ by threats of being fired and permanently ~ less discrimination in the surrounding black balled from state civil service jobs. area. Realtors refuse anyone except CLASS STRUCTURE 'U wasps and many even refuse people with s-. ro children. The description of patient living con­ ..c: But racism did not disrupt Camarillo ditions clearly reveals their slave like .....u until the recent increase in the number existence in the hospital. Patients serve p::: of young black men.. They have been as drone/workers to keep the hospital >. committed after being picked up by the running and to do the work technicians .n L.A, pig department which is desper­ don' t want to do. At the other end of ately rounding thew up in an effort the systems sit the doctors. The "med­ .....o ical model" (mental illness is adisease o to control the ghettoes. Small groups ..c: of blacks have been forming, walking like other diseases an d only the doctor 0. around the grounds and hanging out is able to diagonose, treat and cure it) together. They have not adjusted to with its psychiatric jargon allows the the stress of overcrowding, regimen­ doctors and the superintendant, appointed how to work together to transform the is always filled with the "sitters" tation, rigid sexual segregation,and have by the governor, to rule the hospital "m.l." into a "well adjusted personality" • who stare numbly at the continually begun to rebel and defy the authority based on "expert", "spechlized" know­ The team accepts the label the doctor blaring t. v. set. At 7:30 the doors and domination which is the cornerstone ledge and "professional" training. The has chosen, with no scientific criteria are locked; bed time comes at 9:30 ,of the hospital. The hospital has tight.: doctors word becomes law just as the used, and applies it to a patient as with the technicians walking up and ened its rules even harder and resorted witch doctors law of the past. This a stereotype. "John is a sociopath... down between the rows of beds to check to beating patients, locking them on mystification allows retired doctors to don't believe anything he says...he will on everyone. their wards, increasing their drugs, keep working, receive high pay, have just try to charm you." All the tech- For mpals patients form longlines and and giving them drug injections to "qui­ a private - practice on the side, and nicians then treat John this way which wait for 1/2 hour before rushing in, et them down" . do a minimum of unsupervised and reinforces their preception, demands eating in 15 minutes; and hurrying to In an effort to keep firm bureaucratic ,unaccountable work. Doctors provide that Johnfollow certainbehavior patterns make room for the next bunch. The hos- control "incident reports" are filled only minor medicalcare and you can they choose and view all of his behavior pital was rocked by controversy' when out each time a black is involved in any never find them when they are wanted. as coming from this diagnosis. John t.v. cameras came and took pictures friction and a copy is sent directly The only function they provide is to give comes out looking like the stereotype of flies, cracked and cigarette stained to the administration. Recent reports drug prescriptions. Patients leave the they decided upon and winds up with - dishes and broken windows in the cafa- are blatant in their reflection ofracism. hospital contemptuousand disgusted with more problems than he went in with. teria. There is a patient canteen but In response to rumors that black men the whole doctor game. Even more controlling than the team the technicians keep all money and slowly were propositioning white girls, the ad­ Technicians' starting pay is $410/ is the total use of drugs. The first dole it out for escorted buying trips. ministration proposed that "some of month and they spend fhe first years two weeks in the hospital is spent heav- Patients have to ask for a dime to get our stronger male patients serve as a in the back wards, mopping up urine, By sedated. Patients say they feel like a cup of coffee. The hospital gives bodyguard". Another investigation of a and changing beds. The technicians are their "head is stuffed with cotton"which patients no money which reduces every- black man putting his arm around a supervised by workers with 10-15 years makes it impossible for them to think one to beggars for cokes and cigarettes. white girl and "proposing a sexual re­ seniority. The supervisors have been at straight. Patients complain of not being Wards have rules and regulations a- lationship" led to the conclusion that Camarillo since the days of lobotomy, . able to do anything but sleep and feel gainst 'holding hands, giving away cig- "male Negro patients are ganging up straight-jackets and the total use of depressed and dependent. Drugoverdos- arettes, talking"disrespectably" to tech- all over the hospital and becoming riot electric shock. Their relatively priv­ age is a big problem. Everymorningnoon nicians and being"overactive". Two girls Ueged position gives them status and and night patients have to lineup for a we knew were' restricted to.their ward concious" . During the summer, racism'is more . authority which they guard jealouslywith couple of pills and some sweet tasting for two weeks when a technician saw overt WhE!ll the hospital employs 50 close supervision, an informer system, kool-aid. Anytir.le you "misbehave", them kissing their boy friends. Drink- black, and brown high school students and transfers. ' drugs are increased. Some patients get- ing .and balling are strictly forbidden from the Economic Opportunities Pro­ The administra,tion prevents unity a"; ting as much as 150 mml. of Thorazine and some technicians speli<1their time gram in L.A. Students continually told inong workers by playing them off a­ 3 times a day. This explains why we patrolling the secluded areas. Sensi- me of harrassment, being called "nig­ gainst each other; supervisors against saw so many patients curled up sleep- tivity group's were severely curtailed gers", having the staff ignore them and worker, one special service against an­ ing on the lawns, in the corners ofbuild- because doctors thought patients touching being given the worst and dirtiest jobs. other. "Professional" workers (i.e., so­ ings and in hall ways. each other would "lead to sexual acting A similar pr9gram' set up with Wil­ cial workers, psychologists and school Patients are housed on a ward with 70 out" . , berforce, an all black college in Ohio, teachers) are given special privileges to 85 other patients of varying age and 'Life on the ward consists of boredom 'was cancelled, by the administration of offices, cleaner jobs, and a limited .diagnosis. Some have been there 2weeks intermixed with "work therapy" •.Work after its racist practices and attitudes authority to interfere in the ward bus­ and some 30 years. Threelarge sleeping therapy is a euphemism for forcing were criticized by the students. iness. This creates continuous tensions' rooms contain long rows of beds with patients to make beds, scrub walls, no place to keep any possessions and floors and bathrooms (somehow they Organizing around racism was diifi­ CONTINUED ON PAGE 19 no place for privacy. A "day hall" are still always dirty ftom Qver thi;rty , cult. We found we could show some anti- ~.~ V"~ JUNE 1969 ",TB-th MOVEMENT PAGE 11 ~1~.i,'1~ ;! L_ "

scarce and there were plans for an early mOdel change this year• . Of the big three, Chrysler is in the worst economic position to sustain any possible recession. In 1961, the company almost went out of business. Through a re-organization of dealerships, a new five-year warranty plan(revokedon 1969 mOdels), and Industr1a1 diverslflcation (ChrySler is now moving into the plastic industryj and is,also purcbas1ngover'2 million .dollars worth of real estate a week) Chrysl4n" bas mainta1ned 1'7% of the domestic auto market. At the time of the stepling Wildcat however, Chry­ sler held almost 400-,000 unsold cars, an 83 day supply according to recent sales rates and the'· highest in the in­ dustry. If inventories remained that high, it·would be ~essary for the auto . company to cut back production in June. During these. lay-ofts. the corporation would have had to 'Pay 95% of tbebase HOC almost all Chrysler mOdels. EngIneers pay to an workers with one. year sen­ by Detroit are proud of the plant" flexibility: stamp. iority. The wildcat' at·sterUng, which ing dies can be moved in and out Of idled 35~000 workers tor- eight days, the 167' major presses, cbangtng the served to keep production'down wb11e A' wildcat strike is an, act of defi,ance,.:tl clearly il­ whole line 'In less tban six hours. The management' could blame the w~~kers legal action' directed·at'lhe ti:nio'n':i:zs ''WelZ'''a$m.anage­ sterling· :plant is critical to the 'auto tor· the disruptton and save money 'by parts supply of the.four major Chrysler "not' paying' -aJiy SUB benefits to those mente It occurs when the everyday tensions of industrial assembly plants in Detroit: Lynch Road, \~ off.t~:.:::-.:'::i:j ;")~'il !c.s-:"!>~ '~OT._ conflict burst into co'llective struggle. The . workers, Hamtramck. Warren Truck &lid lett­ 0111 ..-u~ U"''Iriscliif4in er.$OD.'." .' opportunity l&huas~feti'1iJdbWi le8llet-' in order to express their power, aJte""pt to, st9p· pro-. .Of an the Chrysler Plants, sterllng sbtp. As profits grow less in a period .~. ..Stamptac 18 0IIe cd few eoatit"dac a of slowexpaD81bn, ~tal1sts~'upfor duction. ( .- .. ". '. clear ,mwlty of workers. At 'losaeslJ'Jal sales by'for_'moreJtabor Since wildcats are 'pri,!Uirily sp~~ ;move,ments least 70%. 'Of the worurs are wldte. out of workers. After eper1ellClng -tl1e mostly Polish and, ltaUaD, with.·1IOIDe ·.pcnrer of ··the ·L'eagHof Re'fol1lt1Onary of workers, they are- ,o/teneonfu,sed,. '$tYjlggles that~a1i!~ Southern white. EtIMlle 10Jll11tles are BlaekWorters at Dodge·;I4a1n-aDd El­ stroog in ~ plant: the~e are cDacd' don Gear·ud"AJde . Chs;.ter'was wry . easily. crushed., When. they firSt ..Wa~Ci4;i,.workers a t· ~:.p~ prodUctJcD IlDes. SJDce aJixloas ,to,"bep . ~ disClp1lne permeated' with a ftlefftJ,g "ofpo'UJ~r.~~~;·iiif::!Jc,tWllly shUt stel'UDc 18 such; a new P1aDt, a'lOOd t1Ibt.'.Worket"s ;ShOuld 'DOt be able·' to • . c '.,"0< " •. ". Ii .;...... ~•.~. , ~ajor1ty ~ wildcat,.'conb~ues, the ptlOCIuct1oD workers are cut into procluct1on , nor ',a local It down. " Later, as the managemerF-.J ~ CUl8 ~ 18.aud SO, most of 1eadersb1pbe,permitted toenCourac~~ th~intematioMl~on .hom arf III&lTIed. ~eDge to d1se1pUne.''l'Ire workers of threatens to fire them,' and burebl ~pinc Plac~:~the'-locitl und¢t""·dis·ctpline~· Altho. sterIlill Is a new Local 12M 'needed to _.taught a lesson, cracy moves to.: T1f# ~! plant, tile worldDg eoad1t1oDsare .....y --il wildcat strJke Would enable ma.nagoe­ struggle becomes gr.im. W, bulld aga1D--the seU~out contract, ~~ actions during the ster.~.st~.As· Douglas Frasertbreatened to put the Nat1~Q1I~ was clearly a -dangerous one~ When.1ocal teriorating worldng condltions, Safety a cadre of organizers, the local under rece1vershipthatthemenre­ union officials advised workers thatthey bazards, the arrogaRce ·of the foremen, antzlng Committee, seek4f tod8l1elGP turned to work. Last summer, two wild­ did not have to clear out the b8,Sement, the compUlsory ow1't1me, the years of groups of polWca1l7 COQScWl1s 1f'Id.te cats occurred oYer tbelackofventilation Chrysler fired all the stewards,.com­ of 'juSt break slJops•. frustration hard work to workers in the '1'JJeSe groups in the plant. In all 1Dstances the local mitteemen and union'officlaIs on.tile­ even economically' owression' will provide·the outreach into the plant --this leadership, Which is suPPOsed to main­ SPOt. The walkout began: as workers surges into the minds of tbeworkersand through 11terature.production and strug- tain its side of the contract and dis­ learned they bad no union ~epresenta.. another wildcat begins over some ord... glee Wb11e our factory work is, very cipline the ranks, supported the wUd­ tion against ma,na.gement.· P1eket llnes IDary worker-manqement -eonfronta- Umited (we ()DIy. began four months cats. Given this militant leadership it tlOD . ago the· wUdeat .at Sterling provided were .established and un~ Thursday; h would be in the interests of' manage­ April 10th, no produ<:Uon. was turnecl The walkout at the sterUrig stamping us with some experience and insights ment to crush the local. out at sterling stamping. Plant was simfllarto the above sketch,. Into organizing workers in basic .in- The need of Chrysler keep its to During the first nlgbt of the walkout; except for one imJlC)rtant difference. On ciustry. workers in line is particularly pressing scabs driving through,the pidtet lines the side of the workers was tile active In the spring of 1969 as the auto in­ were attacked arid carssmasbed.Thirty­ partlc1pat1on of organizers ari(l students' THE PLANT dustry suffers the first effects of what four workers were arrested. .After that wllo placed the wildcat lIlto the contest might be a long-term eeonomic stagna­ Opened in 1965, the Sterllng Stamp. except for a few isolated in~nts•. the of political struggle. Through tbe1r ef-. . tion. Sales are down substantially. in­ lines remained firm. SoUdarity betWeen forts, the wildcat became more tbiuJ- ali . ing Plant is a relatively recent addition creasing inventories to the b1ghest In to theChI'ysler empire. Employing over the plant workers'. and the' Chrysler Industrial dispute. If notb1n« else was automobile history (at the time of the truckers, who take the auto paris to the gained at Bterllng, manyworkerstearned . 3,500 production an sk1lledworkers, the wlldeat there were 1.7 mllUon cars 80 mllUon dollar plant sprawls over 1/2 aSSE'mbly plants, was .stroJig. None of to respect the students for turn1Dg out unsold). Production is being cut back. the big blue trucks crossed the picket to support their strike. Hopefully, out mile of land in the white working class During February prOduction was slowed Unes. of the wpdcat w111 emerge a cadre of suburb ofster!Jng Heights. At sterling, down as many assembly plantswere shut NOC organizers arrived on Thursday revolutionary workers who see their hOOds, frames andfenders are made for down for a week. Overtime became morning and found soUdarity inthe ranks

PAGE 12 THE ...... -:,

could not be accomplisbed unless white the problems inherent in the personal workers accepted the legitimacy of black contact approach. Yet, 1n..al1 cases COIl­ demands. tacts with workers on a face to face We raisedquestions concerningthe re­ level were extremely important. lationsblp of guys to their wives. Were they telling their wives about the strike? TACTICAL ERROR How come very few of their wives were Perhaps the most important tactical on the line? Through these raps, particu­ error we made was not encaging stu­ larly on white supremacy, many workers dents in the struggle from the outset. disagreed violently with our analysis. At first we felt that students would tum Yet, almost everyone recognizedandac­ ott the workers. Their life-style is so cepted us as -agitatorS"', -organizerS"', different and their 'knowledge of the or -anti-establishment peopl~ who had issues so limited that we anticipated been active in the student movement, workers would be hostile to their par­ black liberation struggle, orworked org­ ticipation. yet, 011 sunday, independently anizing poor people. of our actions, SDS chapters began to OUr leafleting efforts were modest, as appear on the line. OUr analysis of stu­ we placed heavier emphasis on personal dent participation was incorrect. In fact contact with workers on the picket lines. the presence of students was critical to There were several difficulties with this the continuance of the wUdeat.' approach. At night great quantities of By sunday, the wUdeat had reached beer and dope were consumed as many the fifth day. After the firsttwo evenlngs, workers transformedthe picket linesinto very few scabs attempted to cross the a party-like atmosphere. While remain­ . picket lines, and marching around the ing solid in preventing any scabs from plant exit gates became an· uneventful crossing the lines, guys were certainly chore. Fewer and fewer workers began not interested in political raps. Another shOWing up on the line. Those that did problem with personal contact was, ex­ appear grew increasingly 1IIICerta1n of cept for a small group of guys who were whether the wUdcat would last. there most of the time, the sameworkers The diminishingworker supportforthe did not show up. Du$g the eight days wUdeat would be critical at the first of picketing very few of the workers shift change on Monday. Since the wUd­ very high. Most workers were m1lltantly sel for the local union officers in their eame regularly. In fact, as the wildcat eat began right before the- Easter hoD­ anti-Chrysler andanti-UAWInternation­ attempts to head off a threatened Chry­ continued, the personnel changed rapidly. day, many workers took advantage of al. They were p1saed off at the arro­ sler injunction on picketing. Finally, we Many guys we talked to at the beginning the strike to have an extended weekend gance of management for poor worklnc began to place the wUdcat into thelarger of the wildcat simply didn't show up as vacation. They were ready to return to conditions and continual mistreatment. context, laying out Chrysler's reasons picketing became pretty much a routine work on Monday. Without a strong show They were angry at the UAW Interna­ for provoking the pike. Much of our affair. Finally, since the plant was in of pickets the wildeat would be broken. tional for not supporting their actions. analysis was' confirmed when on sunday, the suburbs, there were very few cafes On Monday morDing,only a handful of Workers supported their local officers management fired 69 .guys for strike or bars nearby, making it difficult to pickets appeared, but bolstered by about and most sought to bulld a strong local activity. Many of the firings were arbi­ bring a few workers together for some 75 SDS people from the UDiversity of ' 1ID1on. The lJ1.en.on the picket lines were trary; some, however, were ~t the long political raps. Michigan, cars were turned away. The primarily young guys, and most of the most mWtant workers who had been id­ At one point when it appeared that. wUdcat continued and the spirits of the stewards and committeemen, generally entified from photographs taken byfore­ management was going to break through workers rose. Guys begaa showing up a bit older, were also present•. The men escorted out to the line by plant the lines to get at some of the auto on the line qaln, partly because they wUdcat was headed by the union pres­ pigs to identify picketers. parts remaining in the Plant, w~ pre­ were interested in meeting the students. ident and vice-pres1dellt, botbpoltt1cally pared a leaflet that was to be dis­ The older workers were di_rbedby the. •sophistieated aDllable men. ROLE 'OF NOC tributed in the community by highschool preseace of the students on the line; '£1'· -. groups worklnc with NOC. The leaflet one brougtlt' up a razor and shears to ~UNION CONSCIOUSNESS We came on hard about our pOlitics, listed the demands, gaVe an analysis cut some of their halr. However, the telling guys that NOC was intereijted in of Why the wildeat (Chrysler'S desire to younger workers were open to the stu­ Not surprisi~IYtbe workers mWtanC8 workers taking pOwer, the rightofwork­ crush the leadership as well as save dents and Interested' in talking with stayed at. the level of trade uDion con­ ers to control the production process and money while inventories are high) and them. r',seiousness. WhUe t.bemendiaUkedChry­ the state. We passed out fist buttons called for community solidarity with the Through their discussions, workers '. /iller, few SUPPOrted the concept thatthey which were gobbled up immediately. We strikers. The leaflet was not distributed learned about the movement. Tbeye1ear­ · sbould control the company. Many looked were very hard on white supremacy, however, as Chrysler backed away from ly understood what students were about toward an II honOTablesettlement" oftheir makJng it clear to guys that they should confrontation with the workers. In retro­ for as one worker put it: -the students grievances. ;,'1'he !u_s of safety con­ support the demands of black workers spect, our decision not to turn out more are always on the side of the under­ g~on§,,~ftrtnp were treated as de- for if they reallywanted to beatCbryslef, leaflets for the community andthe work­ dog". Many, workers stated flatly that ,mpe:ts unrelated to other strugglesIn the tblilY wOuld ~ to unit$ with.the L~ era may ,have beep';a ''taet1eal error. ' the students made the difference when '( auto plants. Manyworkerssa$d tb).t~r­ 01 ReVGlut10nary BlackWorkltrs, lUld this Leaflets m.ightha!,~r~rC;0JJle.some of the fate of the wUdeat was in doubt c lJDl, in co~pa~ ~. p~ts in, ~ Detroit areas, was basici11r,·.~ i." tHJ ~ Gil,:, \ 'l. \.' i'lC .... )\', ~ Ao"W9r~~~ fOl!;~e prob- t:.\~ '\ ~" .ft" 1~P.ls 'With· wQr~. eoDdltiOU.lUld a, few t, ~~, '''l:!Qwere,'Il8Itard8•. yet 111 ..... ~ cu~~J~theeommonprob­ ... ~IIlS. affeetbHranntowOl'bra. Altbougb '" .~lUls ~w· a 'broader atruale· of IIWIaC8IDQt eWHJWr.re trytnc to cJ:Ub m111tant workentbeywereuncertainbow 10-, relate to JL E.flf -tile wodcers at ater- • .~, the wUdcat.u am.ara,.aD e.ctbl to aeblew better.<~tklDa 1Il,tb1s IW'- ticular ,pJaJlt~ '. • '; .As Ql11i~t UDlGatsts, workers bad I~ little underflaellnr; of the role of the ~te. "Even, afteJ' the police arrested AI' ~' lI0t:kers," m98t JUfs did, DOt,perciftlw .,,PI.rliSaQ ,role the. coPs Played,' In cclass eonf1tct., For. tbemthere were cood and,bad cops. Altboucb many BUys served J.p VietDam- aDd were profoundly ~ .l8f1uencecl into an _-warP()sitlOl1, they ~:I',~;,reiate,' .It to, their' strugle with ~-,"'er.: F1aallJ. thewUdeat leader- '. (lOCal 'pres1dellt aDd voP.) is 1Il­ wIved in the actiVIties of the local Dem­ ocratic .party maldDc them 1IDWi1Unc to see struegle escept througb exlstin&' 1Il- · !Stltutlons. As the wUdcat continued,the poUtics of tile le&aership presented a problem to our efforts in organizing. F1na11y, 'most workera were unable to deal "with white supremacy. When we .-ecs 'why weren't any blacks on the -'l?l~et lines, the standard reply was, lI,those guys don't eare, they are just over at the union ball." Manj guys felt that whites were glYen the moredifflcu1t jObs in'the plaat because management · would know It 'WOU1d get done properly. ;., when pressed, on their feeUnca, 'Workers admitted that there was DO equaDty in the shop. Althoup. 30% of the plant is black,tbere are DO black ste­ wards' or committeemen. Even the most racist southern 'WOrkers admitted that there is a. problem wbenthey said the P1lled trades department is,all white. SOme even saw tbe need to relate to crOuPs ute DRUM and E~RUM in their 1Igbt'against Chrysler. . We· spent the- first days on the picket lines trying to put the issues of tile wUdcat into political perspective. We ran down stuff on theUAW--how it does not fight for bette!' working conditions in 'the national contract, how the contract screws local uniOll power, how grie­ vances are settled far away from the shop floor, etc. We provided legal coon- CONTINUED ON PAGE 21

PAGE 13 f ...... r,:-...... ". NOWHIRI TO RUN (CANAIDA NO NUDISTS NOWRIRI TORIDI ALLOVJB)!

by Rick Ayers and Melody Kilian

American draft-dodgers and deserters living in can­ ada (recent estimates put the number between ten and fifty thousand) have begun to organize to remain, or to become politically effective against a youth· channeling system integrated with American Selective Service, and aJ[ainst Americqn- imperialism more generally. The Canadian immigration regulations at the border, not inside; on the other are paired almost perfectly to the Selec- hand, you can rarely get landed at the tive Service Act in its channeling ef- border without a job offer. fect. The poor; the non-white, the un- This new rule automatically cuts off skilled and "inarticulate" are denied the great majority of deserters, who entry to Canada and left to face the usually barely scraped by the point- draft in the U,S., while skilled and system. The Canadian government knows educated middle-class (and therefore this. Another recent move has been to mostly white) young men are welcomed place already-landed deserters with a because they are potentially useful to narrow points-margin suddenly"on pro- the Canadian branch-plant economy. In bation" for having concealed their de- general, immigration rules exclude those serter status on their application. In who could not have received deferments these and other ways the government in the U.S. is moving deserters into more insecure Escaping into Canada means getting status. away from the draft but notfrom capital- Despite these regulations, more de- - ism. The new arrival has the same serters arrive in Canada than the "legiti- choices open to him as Canadian youth, mate" channels make allowance for. and these are even more rigidly pre- Getting these people U landed" through determined by class background and by or around the immigration office is the needs of the system than in the U.S. a primary problem for all the groups The alternatives are unemployment, co- that work with deserters. Ionia1 jobs in the extractive industries In addition, those deserters who could (mining, logging), colonial studentIabor, not have gotten deferments in the U.S., or, for the privileged who complete and therefore could not pass the Canad- university, technical or managerial work ian point -system, encounter problems in the branch-plant corporations. with the aid-and-counselling groups.. Canadian working:-class youth are Most of these groups are run by coun- channeled into extractive industries by sellors skilled in landing and finding the underfinancing of working-class high jobs for middle-class draft dodgers schools and regional colleges. Young through their contacts amolJ$ Canadian '- share with old workers the lower stand- liberals. A lower-class, especiallyblack ards of living and suffer under the re- deserter therefore meets the white mid- pressive labor legislation that are the dIe class wherever he turns, even within lot of colonial workers throughout the the aid committees. Counselors complain to life in Canada. The ADC also tries the contradictions of the exileS' position empire. that these people are "inarticulate" or to maintain internal discipline among were discussed and the determination The professional and managerial pos- engage in behavior that could endanger the group, building communal awareness was formed to get together on the basis itions are being reserved for the children the group, such as stealing. The Mon- and responsibility as a guard against of the common political experience of of the middle and upper class of Canada. treal group seems to have done most demoralization or dangerous activities. leaving the U.S., even though the levels 52% of all male family heads in Canada to overcome these problems. ADC also has exposed immigration on which that experience became con­ are blue collar workers, yet only 17% Deserters' groups in Canada differ in policy in the press and by speaking sciously political differed widely. of college students come from blue- the degree to which they relate to the throughout Quebec, and aggressivelyap- It became clear that the only work collar families. Tracking in the high American or to the Canadian movements, . peals or sues negative Immigration Of­ in which American political exiles could schools and the cost of college education. or to politics at all. The Montreal fice decisions. There has been heated involve themselves in order to develop effectively exclude the rest. Group relates most closely to the Amer- debate in Parliament on the question their political understanding was the While in the U.S. a failing grade may ican scene, the Vancouver group is of asylum for deserters, with growing local struggles of the left. Weekly mean death in Vietnam, in Canada it oriented more toward the Canadian support among liberal and religious dinner-meetings with political raps for means a life in the mills and minef. movement, and the Toronto group is groups. ADC itself receives support all Americans, and other ways were And, as always, the low grades fall dis- not political, but merely a service com- from local trade union people, from the developed to help new arrivals under­ proportionately to the lower classes. mittee. UGEQ, from professional people and stand the lQcaJ movement, overcome (Protests against the class and colonial some politicians. Yankee chauvinism, and learn to do nature of the university have taken place MONTREAL In its "ManifestO", the ADC states: effective work. in both the English-Canadian and in the "We deserters and associates viewour­ One of the reasons this kind of Quebecois movements. The demand for The exile group in Montreal is the selves as an integral part of the world­ focus developed in Vancouver was the open admission and financing led to a American Deserters' Committee (ADC). wide movement for fundamental social .growing intensity of the local move­ mass arrest of 114 people at Simon Their main political work is to agitate change. We express support and soli­ ment not only among students but a­ Fraser University in British Columbia against the U.S. militaryand to encourage darity with the NLF of South Vietn~m mong many other groups with polit­ in November, 1968. There have been desertion. They also do aggressive work and with the black liberation struggle ical grievances, such as women, trade two general strikes led by the UGEQ to pressure Canadian immigration. at home ••. Forced to live our lives unionists, the unemployed (Vancouver (Quebec General Union of Students) in ADC supports desertion not as a direct as political eXiles, we view ourselves has the highest unemployment rate in technical schools' and junior colleges manpower threat to the army (although as victims of the same oppression as North America), Indians, and "street around demands for general accessi­ the AWOL .rate is now beginning to the Vietnamese and the American peo­ people". All of these groups have been bility in Quebec.) approach these proportions), but as the ple, not only the minority groups, but in motion in Vancouver, with varying Since August 1967, immigration re­ best way to do anti-imperialist work also the broad masses of American degrees of coordination, at different quirements into Canada have been based with the military. The, argument is people who are becoming more aware times recently. on a "point system". The applicant gets that the few guys in a platoon who of the need for change." The problem that exiles are coming points for education, for knowing French, desert and aren't caught sap the enthu­ The development of the American­ to understand' was stated in the group's for having skills in demand, foJ;' being siasm (if any) of the rest for the war oriented program of the ADC is partly mimeographed newsletter, YANKE E RE­ personally pleasing to the middle-class effort. ADC believes that desertion in a result of language and culture bar-. FUGEE, frOjIl a woman's viewpoint: immigration officer, etc. However, until the U.S. military is reaching the import­ riers which isolate American radicals "We understabd that our being inCanada~ recently, immigration authorities did ance it had in the French military near somewhat from the national struggle does not affect the size of the U.S. not even ask the applicant for his mil­ the end of the Algerian' war, when it of the Quebecois. This problem also ~' military machine, but that our men's itary history. was more effective than inside organizing exists for the English-speaking left at places are simply filled by others who Under heavy state Department pres­ and going to prison. A deserter who McGill university in Montreal, where cannot enter Canada. We know also that sure, however, a few months ago Tru­ stays in touch with GP s and encourages students often operate within a vacuum our being here Is N9T anti-war work. deau's "Liberal" government in Ottawa them to follow him overcomes some of and lack a political base. Only work that aims at destroying the laid down a series of unofficial changes. the inactivity and powerlessness of his However, reciprocal support between economic system that causes the war-­ No announcement was made of' a shift position. the ADC and the Quebec left is growing. capitalism--is anti-war work." in policy, but imin1grationofficers began The ADC does the most radical polit­ ADC recognized the need for its mem­ The group around YANKEE REFUGEE -... . to question applicants about military ical work with deserters and has the bers to become involved in the local had become involved in a majority of status to find out if they were deserters. most open and democratic internal polit­ movement, and the Quebecois give .sup­ movement activities in Vancouver, with­ Then a memo came down requiring ical structure. When a deserter arrives port .because to weaken the main imper­ out, however, taking on an institutional deserters to apply for landed-immigrant in Montreal he is, de facto. a member ialist army is useful to all revolut­ identity or demanding that Americans status from within' Canada only (after of the ADC and becomes part of the iOnllry movements. channel their movement activities entering on a temporary visa), and decision-making community. This dif­ through it. The group has seen itself not directly at the border. This aut­ fers from the doctor-patient type rela­ VANCOUVER primarily as catalyst for Americans omatically cuts 10 points off the appli­ tionship that most new arrivals encoun­ within the local movement. cants score, because' a catch-22 in the ter with their counsellor. The Vancouver exile group, composed Because of the number of deserters regulations provides that you can pre­ In ADC, deserters counsel each other of deserters as well as draft-dodgers, who are arriving, the Vancouver exiles sent yourself with job-offer in hand only and help each other along in adjusting began out of initial meetings in which have recently begun to get into work PAGE 14 '.4 e,dJ JI'_H'E.AMOVEMENT JUNE 1969

J. Vl Ll ... Vl, \. eo tJ. L.J.iI-i similar to that of the ADC in Montreal: the political climate, or rather, apol­ to expose Canadian im migration policy, itical climate, of Toronto, and under­ to raise' community support for·the great lines the need for a conciously political number of deserters coming in, and to do group. _ anti-military agitation by means of de­ With its charter flights for those serters contacting military bases in the "cooped up in Canada". and its work U.S. on Toronto cuisine, the UAE appeals For example, YR pUblicized the case of to the more affluent elements in the a Navy deserter busted at Simon Fraser exile community, for who transfer to University and threatened with deport­ Canada is merely a question of geog­ ation, and was instrumental in organizing raphy. Such an organization inevitably large student rallies over the issue. leads to Yankee chauvinism such 'as in The most effective anti-military work the phrase "cooped up in Canada" and done so far was organizing among the can only alienate Canadians along nat­ crew of the destroyer USS Hollister ional lines. Americans, as Americans, when she docked in Vancouver for three are hardly an oppressed minority in days and held an "open house". Leaflets Canada. Their need to organize them­ with information on desertion-opportun­ selves can be rooted only in opposition ities and copies of the American Ser­ to U,S. imperialism, with the aim of viceman's Union's paper, THE BOND, liberating not only themselves; but Can­ were distributed by members of the adians also, from its grip. Vancouver Women's Caucus, about half As the exodus North increases and as Americans, half Canadians, and by de­ the average class background of immi­ serters. Good discussions and contacts grants (legal or extra-legal) move down were made. ward, the UAE and all exile groups Out of this successful work came the will have to respond. The newer arrivals ,/ conviction among a number of deserters may not be able to find jobs in -the that more actively political organiZing Canadian system. Theyare,onthewhoie, was possible, aimed both locally and more class-conc1ous than their prede­ at the U.S. At this point the exile cessors. They are more ready to take community in Vancouver, like the Mon­ the risk of deportation for political treal ADC, is beginning to combine activity rather than to remain frozen work in local struggles with desertion­ for five years until they become nat­ agitation. uralized Canadians. They are more com­ mitted to spreading effective propoganda TORONTO aimed at the American military. There are no other active groups of The Union of American Exiles (UAE) exiles in Canada. There is a large in Toronto is the largest, busiest and number of unorganized exiles in other, . politically least effective exile group smaller cities, such as Regina, most I .I in Canada. It specifically defines itself working in universities and doing spor- not as a political group, but as a service adic work with local movements. Indiv- . organization committed to ameliorating idual exiles exist in nearly every local- i problems such as loneliness,'disorein­ ity, including the most unlikely out-of- \ th~-way tation, the lack of housing and jobs. In spots, but have no collective \ addition to articles on Toronto cuisine, VOIce. its newsletter THE AMERICAN EXILE In the major centers, however, the IN CANADA, featured a charter flight rising number and growing political to Europe for exiles only, not to escape, consciousness will necessarily make but merely to do the tourist thing. American exiles an increasingly im­ The UAE has in the past addressed portant part of the movement in Canada I\ and the U.S, c: itself to questions such as whether ~ the group, which has a formal member­ ADDRESSES: o ship and a constitution, should"Become American Deserters' Committee co~ Political". But, apart from the desire 112 St. Paul St. West c: to have a "political column" in the Room 5-22 ro newsletter, to stage an occasional mock Montreal, Quebec Phone 843-8144 f--oo election and to do "political investi- .....o gation" , the UAE has defined itself so far Yankee Refugee, o away from political self-conciousness Box 3822 ro that radical exiles living in Toronto Station r5 Z usually cannot work with it. Vancouver, British Columbia >. The surprising ability of people who . ..Q have been directly affected by imperial- Union of American Exiles , o ...... ism to continue life as before it was 44 St. George St. , o "interrupted" is partly a reflection of T~c:.to, Ontario __ _.oj .c 0.. how -to control riot control

The following is an editorial from the FATIGUE these riots can' no longer be contained by the lo­ and brainwashed officers) that doesn't know how to PRESS, a paper for, of, and by Fort Hood Gis. For cal cops, we get called in to end it. react to questions that are direct and truthful insights further information contact: FATIGUE PRESS, c/o The Army and the U.S. government uses, us to into what all this riot control is all about. It throws Atty. Jim Simons, P.O. Box 922, Austin, Texas. stop people and us from overthrowing our oppres­ the lifers off balance, and shows the other EMs the sors. They use many tactics in trying to do this. stupidity and blind ignorance of "our leaders" • In recent weeks many of us have been getting First of all we are a show of their strength, and Some good questions might be: training on how to deal with our brothers and sisters they hope that our ominous presence will terrify the 1) Why should we as Americans have to fight and who are rebelling against some of our oppression. people. We march in formations specifically de­ kill our fellow Americans? By ours, I mean oppression that is put over ALL signed to make people disperse. II this tactic fails 2) Why does our government put more value on a TV of us. there is CS gas which is currently being used set than on a human life? The orders given to shoot The present political and economic systems finds against the Vietnamese in their civil war. The to kill looters obviously makes property more im­ numerous ways, including the Army, of "keeping us symptoms of this gas are 1) nausea 2) skin ir­ portant than people. This is so wrong. No amount of in our, place". More and more people are realizing ritation (itching) 3) watery eyes 4) bronchial con­ any kind of property is worth more than a person's the many ways that we are getting screwed and are gestion. 5) severe vomiting. Nasty shit!' We are life, doing sQmething about the situations instead of let­ also taught how to walk with drawn bayonets at the ':. - t ting them slide and alloWing matters to get worse. throats of our" enemies" • 3) Why do rebellions begin? What situations and Our brothers and sisters ARE breaking out of this The actual training is really propogandizing by conditions cause them to start? Maybe read some oppression and when they attack the property and the Army. We see movies of acted riots where our histpry of the Army vs. the People from the Special people who screw them and us, that is known as a job looks simple and easy. Very one sided questions Riot Control SecUon to start a discussion. riot. are asked by the instructor, One example from a 4) Why should we be punished for not p~rticipating Our government tries to bullshit us by telling recent class is : "What would you do if a dirty hip­ in ~omething we morally and politically object to? -.,.,., blacks that rioting 'is only making matters worse pie threw shit in your face t1The required or desired 5) tn whose interest do we .put down rebellions? Are for "their road to freedom" and by trying to scare answer, is "Kill the bastard". Possible better an­ we fighting fo r the people or for the rich who rule, the whites by making them think that ALL blacks Swers could be: 1) Hippies don't riot. 2) I would oppress and exploit us? are out to destroy ALL whites indiscriminately, explain to the person that I was actually on his side. 6) Are the laws that are supposedly being broken and ruin their houses, cars and jobs. Well, that is 3) The people wouldn't throw anything at me because which we are being called out to defend, there to bullshit because our brothers and sisters, regardless I am an E.M., but they might throw it at you because protect us or to keep us down? of color, are smashing stores that have exploited you are a lifer or an officer. Hopefully this article will help you to control them and are ruining businesses that have ruined It is a good idea to ask sound political questions riot control training. If you have anything that you them. at the riot control classes, because it shows other could add to this article or questions concerning The men in power say "many good, decent, and Gis how we are being used and helps bring out ANYTHING dealing with riot control (the refusing innocent people are victims because they are in­ political awareness in the other men. It is also to go) please write a letter to the Editors, and we nocent bystanders. Cops, shooting "looters" kill good because it shows the "Gr£>en Machine" up to will print it with an answer in our next issue. Dig it. more bystanders in number and more often. When everyone for exactly what it is - a machine (lifers "Tricks are for kids" , and they can't fool us. PAGE IS JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT --; AIDING OUR ~c;a. !J,J oJ - .... - ENEMY

The labor com mittee of SDS was ready to move .with the rank-and-file. Contact with the strike was fairly steady during the smmuer, when the demon­ strations were held. The attitude of the "'It'. . union leaders was made clear at the .,,' '", ....{ final demonstration, when strikers were ..' ....~ ..'\. .;'. told to march across the street from \ . .;;.~.'(.~.~. "".~.,." ·f/';"~v..·. SDS, and workers marching with SDS were threatened with suspension. Left support dissipated with the open­ " ing of the campuses, but it is doubtful that continued involvement would have made much difference. The leadership an early settlement seemed likely. Pro­ had its strategy worked out, and if the by Morgan Spector fessional strikebreakers had been left had gotten in the way its partici­ brought in, but the city government pation probably would have been pre­ condemned their use, subscriptionswere emptorily halted anyway. The union ap­ The MO VEMENT has recently carried a series of cancelled in huge numbers, and adver­ proach was simple and safe. It took articles that dealt with strikes featuring sharp con­ tisers refused to advertise. Three meet­ a double tack of sending "truth squads" Ings occured within two weeks, and the 'around the country to drum up support frontation and struggle; the potentially revolutionary strikers had the public ear. for the strike, and organizing consumer But the unknown quantity was Hearst's pressure against the stores advertising unity of students and workers has been given a determination to crush the unions. He in the Examiner, and urged cancellation dramatic opportunity to assert itself. began the strike with close to $500 of SUbscrIptions. million in liquid capital, and after the The leadership was clearly afraid But what happens when struggle is and almost psychopathIc sadism. He first month had passed there was no of involving itself in militant struggle. not the order of the day, when predict­ would terrorize his underlings. Afederal question but that he intended to spend In one sense, this was understandable, able, day-to-day class collaboration Is arbitrator determIned that he had order­ as much as he had to In order to keep since the courts were cooperating with carried over into a strIke situation? We ed his handlers to literally run down any the presses running. Hearst in making arrests, handing down have saia that you can' t win a fight if pressmen who happened to get in their Hearst's determination became absol­ conspiracy indIctments, and allowing you are afraid to fight: the Herald-Ex­ way, and ordered Aiello removed from utely clear in February of 1968, when frame-ups of top union officials. aminer strike currently in progress has any responsible positions. Now, Hearst two things happened. One was the con­ been the posItive proof of that activists' Insists that the strike cannot be settled struction of a ten-foot high barbed wire INTERNATIONAL TAKES OVER credo. Seventeen months of strike has until Aiello is returned to a supervisory fence all around his plant, and the in­ brought the union to the Impasse ofknow­ position. Given that Hearst won't' even stitution of a 24 hour armed guard. The The net result of the union strategy Ing that it can't bring Hearst to the table talk to the unions, this positIon can hard­ other was a study made by a New York up until February of .this year was and that the unions will be wiped out on ly be taken as the last major obstacle newspaper expert, who estimated that the following: subscriptions were cut December 15, 1969. to settlement. Nevertheless, it is the Hearst was losing at least $1 million by two-thirds, advertising was cut by No union has ever been strong in Los most striking example of the latitude per month. (That rate has continued. To close to ten million lines, none of the Angeles, where the anti-labor forces are that Hearst feels he had In the conflict, date, Hearst has lost about $17,000,000. strIkers thought Hearst was a decent powerful politically and economically. He is not sweating yet.) human being, and the strike was being Particularly, no union has ever been UNION BUSTING lost. So, the unions came to the left. strong at the Herald ExamIner, as they NON-MILITANT STRUGGLE February 1969 saw the development face an implacable and disgustingly It is a little difficult to figure Hearst of what turned out to be a bag of hot wealthy opponent. Knowing that contracts in this situation, since the Hearst syn- In March, the trend of the future aIr. Paul Ruppert, the international rep­ were open to renegotiation through the dicate has been struck several times was clearly established. The union lead­ resentative In Los Angeles, decided that fall and winter of 1967, George Hearst in several cities in the last two years, . ership was going to pursue a legalistic the time had come for militant action. began early on his program of attrition and all of the strikes have been set- and essentially non- militant struggle Maybe. He was in a position to do so, of the jurisdiction of every union in his tled more or less to the satisfaction if they could. All the efforts were put since responsibility for the strike had plant, of the unions. However, you must under- behind an 0 rdinancedirected against pro­ pretty much deVOlved to him. At this As long as eighteen months before the stand that Los Angeles is the scene fessional strike-breakers. The ord­ time, a collection of all the left org­ strike deadline, there were reported in- of a concentrated effort at union bust- inance passed the city council, but Yorty anizations in Los Angeles as .to stances of company men appearing on ing, and that Hearst in many ways is sat on it, killing it with the pocket out as to whether or not we would be the scene of complaints of on-the-job trying to prove that teqacious capitalists veto. He was not going to make an willing to mobilize masses of people conditions, and telling workers "when can destroy the emaciated labor move- overt move against the union until he for a militant confrontation at the Hearst the next contract is up for negotiation, ment here. knew that Hearst was definitely the plant. There were two conditions though, so-and-so Is out". This happened with When it came time for the negotia- power between the two. and they provided the basis for the ul­ such regularity and with such complacent tions, the Hearst representatives did Yorty declared himself in April. The timate failure -of Ruppert's"plans" . One response on the part of union officials, not even bother to make a show of city agreed to act as an arbitrator in was, that we had to be completely that when contracts did come up, Hearst meeting the union demands halfway. the strike; Several sessions proved fruit­ under the discipline of the union. The was in command. The local Guild was (and still is) 34th less, and at the end of the month the other was, that nothing would happen The list of legitimate grievances a- in the nation on the pay level, and anti- city arbitrators resigned as a body, say- if organized labor would not move in gainst management was long, but the deluvian in fringe benefits. T.he Guild . ing that management wasnotcooperating. support. union had frittered Its strength away demanded $33.50 more per week over The union appealed to Yorty to bring The second condition is easier to to the poInt that Hearst felt free to two years, a better health and welfare Hearst to the table. Yorty replied:" These deal with, since the labor situation in walk arrogantly over arbitrators, fed- plan, and a number of other benefits guys called the strike, now they want Los Angeles pretty much provided Rup­ eral awards, and grievance committees. in pensions and conditions. Hearst re- me to pUll the chestunuts out of the fire pert with his answer even before he As the union's ability to influence the sponded with $7 per week over two for them". asked the question. The union leadership work process deteriorated, th& union years, and did not even respond to the SDS and PLP moved in support of across the board is conservative and did nothing. Any temporary gaIns have other demands. the strike during the summer, and held saturated with trade-union conscious­ been wiped out as Hearst has outlined Faced with an intolerable situation, three demonstrations, one of which cul­ ness. Every union in town will be deal­ the "conditions" under which he will the Guild struck on December 15, 1967. minated in the smashing of every win­ Ing with a strike situation within the agree to settle the strIke. Other unions in the plant refused to dow. in the Hearst building. The rank­ next two years. Every union ,had rank­ Take one vivId example: a foreman handle non-union material. They were and-file was clearly frustrated by this and-file ready to do whatever was nec­ named Frank Aiello, In charge of the locked or thrown out within thirty-six time, and was ready to move In a essary to fuck up Hearst. Every union paper-handlers. Aiello Is the closest hours, and as of December 16, the plant militant manner. If the only way to win had leadership that was unwilling to do thing to an animal thfit any management was shut down and 2,000 workers were was to bleed Hearst's pockets, then anything with the young left involved. could have working. His history as fore- on strike. many of the rank-and filers were ready So, practically every union faIled to man is one of assau~cious racism. For the first monULo! the strike. to make him bleed. commit itself to mobilizing support for

PAGE 16 TH[B- MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 ~.

mass action. to prove that no basic agreement could purpose of cadre operation is to garner need to confuse and complicate further The problem with the left was some­ exist between themselves and the other the greatest number of converts from an already confused and complicated what different and more subtle. First Marxists in the group who did not follow '!very political struggle. We operate situation. of all, it should be clear that there this group's line. ThUS, despite the fact as cadre now because we must, our goal was never any question about being that broad agreement existed in the com­ is to move into mass work as soon as FACTIONALIS M "under union discipline". On the one mittee. over a critique of collaboration­ possible. hand, we agreed to accept the dis­ ist leadership, commitment to socialism, In order to develop mass support our Basically, the brief history of the cipline on the line, but on the other and recognition of the politica-I issues in­ ideology must represent the people. At Los Angeles Herald-Examiner Strike we insisted from the start on indepen­ volved, this group operated as a faction this time, most of our ideolQgy comes Support Committee was one of factional dence of agitation. We felt that it was at all times. When tactical differences from other struggles in other times in fighting, marked by a complete inability not our task simply to support the union came up they were elevated to dif­ other countries. The communist ideology on the part of anyone to get down to the action, but to elevate what was pri­ ferences on points of principle, which for our American struggle remains, in real questions of how we could be of marily an. economic battle to a political then had to be discussed at length, which large part, to be hammered out through material assistance to the strikers. It level. At the first meeting with Ruppert, fl'oze the work of the com mittee for a participation in the struggles of the was six weeks after the first meeting it was made abundantly clear that we few more days. people. Again, this means that although before people went regularly to the had no intention of participating apol­ In the long run the problems within the we have principles and goals which are strike line. At no time did we deal with itically. left probably did not matter for this predetermined, we must not operate in who we intended to mobilize and how. The initial strategy that was held by particular strike since the union seems any manner which will interfere with the At no time did we get beyond "theo­ the support committee was to formu­ to have foresworn any idea of mounting constant recruitment of new members. retical" discussions and arguments late a Marxist perspective on the strike, a massive mobilization. But for us the Within our committee, there was a which in fact had no relevance to the the relationship of Hearst to the com­ experience was significant since it point­ tend€ncy that wanted to keep our mem­ strike, but which arise from a history munity. the relationship of Hearst to ed out a number of problems that arise bership at the small level of thirty or of factionalism and sectarianism which the students, and the correct role of when dealing with what must be essen­ so that we had at the time. The com munity may well plague our activities for many a newspaper (ideally, of course). Having tially a popular front action. group (to which I belong) which began months to come. done so, we were then going to use the First of all,. there can be no aband­ the work opposed this on the grounds I I said at the beginning that the prob­ broad range of issues to ~oalesce rank­ onment of principle by any Marxist outlined above~ The position of the SDS ability is that the strike will finally be and-filers, community people, and stu­ working in a popular front. The aim is opposition, in favor of a disciplined, broken on December 15, 1969. On that dents based upon the common interest in to set forth a political statement broad Marxist COllective, virtually meant op­ date, the union will have been out for two years, and no striker will be el­ labor victory in the strike. enough to allow participation by a broad erating in a rigidly dogmatic, and not a range of groups, but which presents a igible to vote in a NLRB election. At cadre, fashion. We recognized this as a that time, scabs will be called upon SPLITS IN THE LEFT transitional analysis of the situation. mistake, and opposed.it. From there, the Marxists must playa to vote on having the Guild represent Many more disagreements arose over them, -and the outcome 'is predictable. There was not any real argument over vanguard role, and never pass up an tactical points. For example, given the that part of our strategy. Thearguments opportunity to advance the political con­ The chances of the union being able total absence of left involvem,'!nt in the to do anything drastic enough to win at that finally split our group asunder de­ tent of the demands, or ofthe struggle. strike since the summer of 1968, should veloped over what may have been an this point are nil, even if they wanted we at this time move right in with a full­ to. Unfortunately, the union leadership artificial difference over the role that the IDEOLOGY scale indictment of the leadership, out . support group shoUld play. The original is far from convincing on that score. front? The SDS faction said yes. Our The most valuable lesson for us is committee with the exception of one or Secondly, the use of ideology should be position was that we should have an in­ two members was firmly of the con­ fleXible, allo~ing maximum amount of that our real-allies will always be in the dictment ready at hand, to. use when the rank-and-file, and among the unorg­ viction that we should develop as broad room for development, and adaptation mood was best to receive it, but that it a support group as possible. The role to a changing situation. We must always anized workers. Integration, entering would be a mistake to enter with such into their struggles, and elevating eco­ of the nucleus group (the original mem­ remember that ideology is alool, a gUide an indictment should the leadership now bers) would be a vanguard, insuring the to action. It is not fixed and rigid; in nomic consciousness to political con­ be calling for, and in fact leading, a sciousness, this is broadly what must political development of the grQup as a fact, it feeds best on those situations militant confrontation. _whole, and guarding against the dangers which contravene or challenge any or all be - done in this period. Committed to Also, should we raise demands to the a Marxist position, we should give our­ of apolitical support of the leadership of previous assumptions. Consequently, workers? We felt that it would be wiser selves all the room possible to make the union. without sacrificing principles, Marxists to interpret the course of the struggle A group around SDS entered the com­ in popular front situations should be as politically, to synthesize and analyze the our developing ideology responsive to the needs of the people. Our ideology, mittee after two meetings. They took the flexible and responsive as the conditions fifteen months of defeat and collabora­ indeed ourselves, must represent the position that the support committee of the struggle demand. tion, and let, the strikers pick up and should not do anything until all of the As a final point, it also seems clear people. Then, and only then, will our run with it. The SDS people wanted to strength be greater than the organized differences between members of the from our experience that while Marxists raise demands on top and attempt to committee had been resolved, and all often have to operate as cadre, our goal guide the struggle from the point of strength of the man, be he a union bureaucrat or a liberal pol, or your members of the committee bound to the is not to maintain ourselves as cadre. having the demand refused. We felt that decisions by democratic centralism. We operate as cadre at this time because some demands might be legitimate at local fuzz. This group at times seemed determined we. do not have mass support, and the certain times, but that there was no Power comes to the people when we have done our work to get the people ready to take it. u Ii . c ••0:; SS;;;; tF=stiSS :: .;aavertisement • S' ;%::;e;;.. no· $ $- SSSSg S Ei ForRevolutionary Inspiration and Guidance the CHINESE have had their LITTLE RED BOOK; and now AMERICAN ra.dicals have their **** LITTLE RED WHITE AND BLUE BOOK! ~ OUT MAY 15 - ORDER NOW! 128 pp 95~ absolutely indispensable for your shop, mine, mill, office your classroom, sit-in, demonstration, take-over your picket line, confrontation, march your' union meeting, SDS meeting

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JUNE 1969 THE MOVE MEN-'f PAGE 17 of individual Senators. Renegades and his turn came, what the case was about, neutrals need not apply. and how to get out of serving: make a Just as important is the role of District pOlitical statement. Those who remained Attorneys and Grand Juries. The in­ had selected themselves. They said later tricate, corrupt system of "deals" that they felt challenged. They honestly determines the fate of most people wanted to give a fair judgement, fair in court is heavily biased against the in the broadest sense, the sense that THE DEDINNI ND pOor. DA's and Grand Juries themselves goes beyond the law to include justice. choose what crimes will be brought It was not lack of ideas, but curiousity to the courts. Jury trials are the ex­ about political ideas and action, that INSIDE: THE FUll STORY Of STOP THE DRAFT WaR ception, not the rule. DA's and judges brought them to the jury. Their curiosity make it clear to the defendant that it whetted by the questions asked during THE ~•. - ol..a. will go harder on him if he insists voir dire. on trial by jury. It is not uncommon for They were: a housewife, a post office ~~ ~ felons to sit in jail for a year or more, clerk, an inventory production control­ DAYS '. ..••J ft unable to make bail, before their case ler, a tool and die machinist, another ':..'~ ~ post office clerk, a bookkeeper for ;:': .. " comes up--jail time that does not count .; ~" .'ito" . ~n "~.\ toward service of their sentence! an electronics firm, and inspector WE , ,: I 'C~ "C j~.~:­ \:~, ~~:4 a GM assembly line, a construction ~:~.i~' ~ THE JURY supervisor, a switchboard operator, SEIZED I ..··' "I,..... the owner of a drugstore, and a retired ;!.!:!~.~~:. The Constitution of the United States Marine colonel. . ~~ ~ as adopted by our forefathers makes Eleven whites, one black. Mostly lower THE no mention of trial by jury; like the white collar, someworking class. People other rights given to the people, it who could afford to miss work for was not added until the left-win!! .Tpff­ three months, but not rich enough to STREET ersonians forced in the first ten amend­ feel above iury dutv. Their children ments. Like most of our "rights" it go to state, city and community col­ entered our legal system only after a leges. They live in Hayward, San Lean­ IN people's struggle that took advantage dro, Castro Valley--white highway cities of the contradiction between sections in the l1atlands that spill southward of the ruling class. (When the guards from Oakland. OAKLAN quarrel, the prisoner escapes). The black man, Mr.Peters, is a Post 20~ The process of picking the jury is Office clerk. During Stop The Draft called "voir dire" (to speak truthfully). Week his son wrote home from Vietnam A slip here, as in any delicate oper­ asking for clippings about the demon­ ation, can kill a defense case. It re­ stration. His son's only COmment about quires wisdom, insight, sensitivity and STDW was "it doesn't help the morale a little investigating' on the side. The of the troops". After the acquittal the by Ernest O'Shea prospective juror is an iceberg, his defendants and the courtroom crowd psychology, politics and personality sub­ were celebrating in the courthouse lobby, merged, who must be maneuvered into laughing, crying, calling friends on the revealing himself. A stone hard-core phone. Mr. Peters came out of the tiThe case against CleVinger was open and shut. The racist who claims he loves Negroes elevator alone, hesitated a second , only thing missing was something to charge him with. may blow his cover when asked if he'd grinned quickly and gave us the clenched send his daughter to Berkeley or let fist. "One day CleVinger stumbled on the way to class; th: her date someone with long hair. next day he was formally charged with braking ranks The questions asked in voir dire HOW COME ACQUITTAL? set the pattern for the political nature There are many reasons the trial while in formation, felonious assault, indiscriminate of the rest of the Oakland Seven trial. came out the way it did. Most important behavior, mopery, high treason, provOking, being a smart The prospective jurors were told that to remember--the District Attorney did the seven opposed the Vietnam War, not make a case. Working on the assum­ guy, listening to classical music and so on'•..As a member were allied with the Panthers, believed ption that the jury, being good servile in self-defense against police, had mil­ Americans, would believe what their of the action board, Lieutenant Scheisskopf was one of itant backgrounds, and one of them was rulers tell them, he dug a pit for the judges who would weigh the merits ofthe case against serving time in the pen. Would that, the Oakland Seven and fell in it. the jury was asked, prejudice you? present~d With meticulous care, he laid down CleVinger as by the prosecutor Lieutenant Or on the other hand, would the fact a trail of logical landmines and stepped Scheisskopf was also the pj~osecutor. Cleavinger had an that these young me are trying to save on the last one: the Seven planned to the lives of your sons, whom they con­ shut down the Oakland Induction Center. officer defending him. The officer definding him was sider to be their brothers, prejudice To do this they woul:d have to obstruct you against, the Prosecution? police and trespass, which meant incit­ Lieutenant Scheisskopf." One writer ·for an underground news­ ing others to join them in 'their 111egal • -'1 . Joseph Heller, CATCH-22 paper covering the trial was scornful of intent. Therefore they are guilty of the jurors who claimed they could be. conspiracy. American law is a class institution. law boomerangs.) impartial. They were either lying or Its purpose is to mediate, obscure and The legal system maintains several empty headed, she said. False: Every CONTINUED ON PAGE 20 control class conflicts. While it pre­ more useful illusions. It pretends that prospective juror knew, by the time tends that all men are equal under anything the 'court dbesn't take judicial the law, it carefully makes sure that notice of, doesn't exist. Like the race of the rich wlll come out on top, and the defendant or his political views. that those who must change the status At the beginning of the Oakland Seven quo are punished. It is the false front trial, the judge actually said, -I don't of existing property and social rela­ see what the Vietnam War has to do tionships, the layer of phony brick gi ving with this case." He was right. Nowhere TH'I END the appearance of eternal truth to the in the indictment was the Vietnam War system of exploitation it covers. mentioned; it was only noted that the de­ But just as there are contradictions fendants had conspired to trespass and within the ruling class. there are con­ interfere with pOlice officers. It did tradictions in their legal system. Under not say why; legal theory tries hard certain circumstances, the Movement not to ask why. can take advantage of these contradic­ The judge who ordered Eldridge Cleav­ tions and, occasionally, win. Histor­ er freedom on bail was considered brave, ically, the law has rationalized the simply because he noticed that Cleaver activities of the ruling class. As Ken was well-known politically and inferred Cloke points out; the-reby that the Adult Authority might - The' law accepts as given existing just be trying to railroad him back into economic relationships and reinforces prison. them. There was no law of rent In the state of California (and, I as­ before the relationship of landlord sume, in other states), Municipal, state, and tenant arose through the expro­ and Supreme Court judges are elected; priation of peasants from their land, those on the Supreme Court for a term compelling the tenant to pay for the of 12 years, those on the lesser courts use of land he once used freely". for 6 years. This looks democratic on paper; in practice it. is exactly the The ruling class declares their own opposite. robbery - the right to property and its A Superior Court judge dies in office. protection." Their law turns massacres the Governor appoints a • temporary" into campaigns and injustice into order. successor, usually from the lower Mun­ The myth of the law is that it is icipal Court. The Governor then appOints neutral, fair, blind to temptation. Or­ someone to f111 the empty Municipal slot. iginally the rising bourgeoisie demanded Come the next election, they run un­ that the law be impartial in their strug­ opposed, are elected and set up for gle against the privileged aristocracy. life. By law, the Governor nominates the "-' But today, the form of impartiality has candidate for State Supreme Court; no ­ a different meaning. The bourgeoisie opposing candidate is allowed to run. has the power to make impartial ml~an In short, judges get their jobs straight indifferent---indifferent to the needs from the Governor, and they know it. of the people. 'Poor and rich alike are The false front of being elected is held barred from sleeping under the bridge. over the heads of judges by state author­ So what. Only the poor need to sleep ities. During the Oakland Seven trial, \,.....- there. Assembly man Don Mulford, longtime As the DA said, summing up his enemy of student movements, called case against the Oakland seven," There a meeting of Superior Court judges and has been a lot of talk here about mot­ told them fiat out that any judge caught ivations. I will say only this: no matter giving light sentences to student demon­ how lofty his ml)tives may have been, strators would be opposed in the next Robin Hood was just a thief." With '--~ election by a "well-financed" campaign. that he disposed of the need that moved Even the San Francisco Examiner thought 10,000 people to try to shut down the this was a little too out front. Oakland Induction Center. (But some­ Federal Court judges are appOinted tim es the formal impartiality of the by the President on the reco_mmendation ;..- .. PAGE 18 THE MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 first fight by David Gilbert, Alvin Hornstein--NY SDS Region

On May 8, police surrounded a private house where activists from Queensborough Community College were holding a strategy meetingo There were warrants for 6 pt)ople, but the head of QCC security came along to

fi1ger militants 0 20 people were carted off to jail. Earlier in the day 10 others were arrested in their homes, and on the street, two pulled from a car by pigs with pistols drawn. As security sorts through photos more arrests can be expected. The movement at QCC is very new, but people have responded beautifully--no question of breaking, just an intensification of action. The struggle was initiated around the dents about the educational budget cuts clearly political firing of English prof in terms of the class functions of edu- Don Silberman, a P.L. member who was cation and the demand for open admis- blacklisted for his role in an antiwar sions. The chapter's biggest action had sit-in at another New York college. been a day long program 'Nhere black Students moved to a non-disruptive sit- high school students moved on the cam- in in the administration building which pus to discuss open admissions. They at its height had 750 participants out of attempted to pull down the American a day session of 3,000. flag and a confrontation over patrio- The administration response was the tism developed which brought to the firing of two more teachers, twelve surface the racism of many white stu- student suspensions, lock-outs offaculty dents and led to QCC's first real pol- from two legally constituted faculty itical discussions. meetings, the threat to remove funds from any College Discovery student LIBERALISM / STAGNATION (black, Puerto Rican, poor white) who participated, and court injunctions (lead­ Meanwhile, Silberman had been laying ers face a maximum of 30 days and $250 the groundwork for his assualt. He had for EACH day, 16 in all). build solid support of the faculty on Early on May 7, after 2 and 1/2 academic freedom lines; this support weeks of the nondisruptive sit-in, in a probably made it easier to involve large well timed guerilla action students seized numbers of students in the earlier low and barricaded the bUilding, expelling ad­ level sit-in. Given the crucial impor­ ministrative personnel. According to tance of anti-communism in America, plan, when the pigs came people split the significance of 750 people at a work­ into the rally being held outside. The ing class school sitting-in to defend an the escalation. The importance of the white move.nent stuck to a • political pigs stayed on campus for several hours avowed communist should not be ignored. shift can be judged from the following suppression" line when black students anyway, standing in battle formation. Neverthless, the "academic freedom", comparison. After the seizure, the black rioted the whites nearly condemned their The rally became a mass picket, people "defend the' first ammendment" line students made their move, demanding action. went into the cafeteria and classes to led to djfficulty. the firing of the racist head of the There are still problems--the limited build a strike. The next day, the bUilding SDS was absorbed into a Coalition to College Discover Program, a black stu­ context of the original fight still makes was reoccupied, the cops returned and End Political Suppression even though dies program, increased enrollment of it difficult for people to understand the this time a small right wing group it provided all' the leadership. Open blacks, and more black teachers. At the need for strategic planning. But the de­ started to fight. But QCC stUdents, even identification with the rest of the move­ announcement many whites newly in­ velopment of a cadre of perhaps 50 solid on the left, have been hitters all their ment and the larger political struggle volved in the movement stood cheering people where several months ago there lives--there are ex-Gis in the group. was restrained. Since the politics focused with clenched fists raised. By contrast, were only a handful is extremely prom­ Women fought hand to hand with the on free speech rather than the nature of at nearby Queens College, where the ising. The movement continues. pigs and attempted to sabotage their power, the protestors had no rationale squad cars. The police round up followed .for moving into disruptive action. In fact, ~a==aaa;=aaa=a====a;aa=;=;aaa=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa===aa==aa aa that night. faculty participants often pointed with pride to the way QCC compared to the COMMUNITY COLLEGE more violent movement outside. Needless to say, 2 and 1/2 weeks of The QCC struggle is particularly sig­ simply sitting on the floor led to stagna­ nificant for two reasons: it is the first tion and demoralization. Most students major community college struggle in just went about their business with the ~~~T~L 0FF~~~stO~ from f·11 our region; it is a test case for a sit-in removed from view. Numbers strategy of total repression. dwindled, tension increased, little poli­ There are many practical difficulties tical work was being done. Several times in building a movement at a community a militant caucus pushed for a seizure, and antagonisms among the workers ence on supervision into heated dis­ college. The two year program doesn't but Silberman, hoping to build a trade which the admin.istration then mediates. cussion an arguments between workers provide much time for development. Also union struggle in the faCUlty opposed and This has kept the administration pro­ and supervisors. This was the first most students work and livewith parents. effectively squelched the possiblity. tected and can only be brokenwith issues time people were really turned on to Typical problem: one girl in the sit-in When the split finally reach a head on which unify all workers for common fighting against their bosses. It was was threatened by her father with a May 7, both tactics were tried simul­ goals. only a limited beginning but it success­ two-by-four; many were kicked out of taneously. The faculty picket line never fully undermined the authority of the We had one difficult problem in or­ administration and showed people they their homes. materialized, but the seizure revitalized ganizing the technicians, which was ne­ The communitv colleges function to interest and led to a partial shutdown of could combine and force the adminis­ ver adequately overcome. A natural tration into a corner. produce middle level service technical school with police and mass convoca­ selection of workers functions to retain workers, secretarial and clerical work­ tions. those who rely on brute strength when ers, health technicans, data processors, The P.L. strategyatQCC and evidently dealing with patients; accept the auto­ ABOLISH MENTAL HOSPITALS lab workers, • parprofessionals". The at other schools in the city is to build cratic authority of both doctors and education is shoddy and fragmented, de­ broad based coalitions to end political senile supervisors; accept run down signed to leave the future workers vul­ suppression. This results in organizing Our efforts were a long way from conditions; and are able to passively bUilding the kind of militant effective nerable to further automation and com­ liberals as liberals--"defend the rights witness the grinding down and dehum­ petition with newer graduates. The med­ of a communist". The fallacy to this organizations we need but it did show anization of patients.· The natural se­ that the issues and problems in the ian income of a graduate is $7,000 in a approach, as in the' 50s is that liberals lection is made through the training city where $10,000 is needed to support as liberals have no reason to struggle. institutions of this country are essen­ program which kicks out dissidents, al­ tially the same. It shows the way, even a family of four. The students come Thus the faculty was magnificent in though most people select themselves from the more skilled section of the secret ballots bUt none dared to show in a mental hospital/dictatorship to out due to the stress of being unable bring the authority of the administration working class. And despite the glamour on the picket line for a strike. The to help the patients. Another problem is of "higher education" these students are mass of students also did not under­ crashing down and to show the workers the callousness which results from the a way out of their complacent and fright­ being trained to fill the same relative stand the need to challenge the power fact that they consider the hospital position of their fathers in a more tech­ of the administration. ened positions. It is an excellent example work just another job. of the impossibility of reform and the nologically advanced economy. In ad­ Poor working conditions, lack oftreat­ dition to the straight"carreer" students, MILITANT CAUCUS necessity for complete and total aboltion. ment, low pay and petrified authority The mental hospital is hardly a pri­ there are the "transfer" students with a The alternative to liberal support is are key grievences. These can build to 60% chance of making it to a senior showing people the necessity to join our ority for people to organize in but a radical critique of class society by it can provide a basis for both political college. At QCC the majority of day struggle. This requires ~onnecting the pointing out the contradictions between students are in the transfer program so immediate local issues with the major exposures and for increasing the pres­ low pay and doctors pay and special sure and widening the cracks in a that there might be more of an iden­ political issues so that people have glamour projects, between distinctions tification with the "middle class" stu-' something worth fighting for. The ques­ government already unable to keep con­ in labo1', between patients needs and trol of ghettoes, colleges, and Vietnam. dent movement. Still the class back­ tions of power, violence, "outside agi­ institutional needs, between mental and The mental hospital is alwa,ys in a pre­ ground and destination of the students tators" ," etc. must be confronted head physical labor, between status and com­ carious position because of the news shows the growth of the movement in a on. The movement must initiate a level petence and 'between the goals of the lower strata, which is an important media. It only takes several well or­ of tactics sufficient to generate con­ hospital and its actual functioning. Hav­ ganized people to throw the institution step forward. cern and recognition ofour seriousness. ing no part in the decision making and Throughout the year at QCC, the SDS and government into a crisis and under­ The present strength of the movement being shined from ward to ward with mine its authority. Its reactions always chapter was new and small. There had grew with the emergence of the militant no notice were particularly irritating been some organanizing on student power make our job easier by stripping away caucus who understood the need to es­ to workers. the mask of service to reveal its true issues with little success, but chapter calate and realized the need for more We were able to discuss someofthese nature of oppression, coercion and con­ people did a good job at talking to stu- forthright politics to build support for issues by turning a three day confer- trol by a small clique at the toP.

JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 19 BERKELEY - CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3

nection with them; they shot at a group on campus, but pOlice using clubs cleared of gas broke up groups of students all the liberals began to move, slowly. Al­ of people yelling to someone not to throw the area. The crowd moved closer to afternoon. most 300 professors passed several anything; they shot at reporters from the the center of campus and held a brief Late Monday night word came from the ' motions including: a call for the resigna­ San Francisco Chronicle and the L.A. rally lasting twenty minutes. Speakers hospital that Rector had died of his tion of Heyns, Reagan, et al; demand Times; and they shot at us. As a result, talked about the police use of guns, the wounds. The pOlice response was the for withdrawal of troops; and refusal to at least one man is dead; one blinded; need to defy the ban, the need to relate essence of piggishness. First, a war­ teach until normal conditions return to two others in serious condition and two to the National Guardsmen. Police start­ rant was immediately issued for Dan the campus. The Teaching Assistant' s newsmen wounded. Heavy calibre rifle ed to move,in so the 6000 people at-, Siegel, president -elect of the ASUC for Union passed similiar motions At the and revolver bullets were also fired; tending the rally split for City Hall. inciting a riot, for his speech on Thurs­ Berkeley City Council, black council­ weapons most definitely designed to Guardsmen and police soon cleared the day. He turned himself in and was re­ man Ron Dellums pushed for the re­ maim and kill, not to disperse a crowd. area and the people marched north--to­ leased on $1000. moval of the troops, but was badly out­ The pigs were out to kill. ward the bourgois Berkeley hills. Re­ Second, the pigs refused to allow a voted. The liberal audience was hor­ The people got in some good blows peated skirmishes occurred at People's peaceful memorial march around the rified by the complete insensitivity of too. Many. cops were pelted with rocks. Park Annex throughout the day and the city the next day. Assurances were given the Council. The school board liberals A crowd of more than one hundred radio announced that the pigs were busy that no disruptions would take place and were somewhat more successful push­ people backed two policemen against a pulling up flowers whenever demonstra­ that people merely wanted to show their ing through a resolution demanding to wall, showered them with bricks and tors managed to plant a few. The march respect, 'but the pigs said no. Further know when the troops were to be re­ ev.entually chasedthem away. People then to the h11ls ended after several hours, they said that no ralles could be held moved so that the school children's moved to their car, smashing the win­ but only after the decision was made to on or off campus. This was something safety could be assured. other· groups dows, turing it over and setting it on hold another rally and demonstration new. Despite the fact that Reagan's ban have also begun to speak up. fire. Demonstrators liberated the of­ on Monday. had been in effect for several days no Meanwhile the demonstrators vowed to ficers' radio, uniforms and other equip­ Late Sunday night, the final clash at attempt had been made to stop marches return to the streets again and again and ment from the burning vechicle. People's Park Annex occurred-- People before Tuesday. But when about 3000 never to submit to living under arm~d The usual ebb and flow of street'bat­ sitting around a bonfire were moved out students, lead by a faculty vigil group, occupation and facism. tles was missing--the fighting remained by police with clubs; the area was hosed reached the edge of campus on the start The crowd remained mobile, marching intense for almost four hours. Even iT. and at least five persons were arrested of their march, they were turned back. all over downtown Berkeley, trying up adjacent residential areas the fighting after a BART SpOkesmen said it was During the rest of the afternoon the traffic. Guardsmen with fixed bayonets was heavy, as police shot tear gas can­ private property. pigs worked on a two-stage plan. First, stayed at the perimeter of the crowd and nisters into houses and shot people on to contain ail demonstrators to the the marching continued for several rooftops. Many residents, both young ESCALATION ON BOTH SIDES campus or immediately adjacent area, hours. No major violence occured. The and old, aided people, offering first aid Monday's plan called for a minor esca­ and second, to arrest as many people pOlicy of the pigs was confinement and and the relative shelter of their homes. lation on the part of the demonstrators. as possible. The containment plan was they were eventually able to funnel the More than 50 people were arrested, The same plan of marching off the cam­ followed up with massive gas attack--in­ crowd back onto the campus. People many on very heavy charges, including pus and away from the South of campus eluding the use of CS Tear-Powder-­ gathered there and held a rally where it felonious assault with a deadly weapon area was adopted. This was to avoid our dropped from a helicopter. This is the was decided to demonstrate on Saturday (throwing rocks). being bottled up in our own "ghetto" first time the State of California has at the main business section of town At six p.m. Governor Reagan, at the where gassing, clubbing, and perhaps used this gas. It has not been used be-. in order to prevent normai commerce request of the city of Berkeley, called more shooting could take place. Instead fore because it has two dangerous ef­ from taking place. The demonstration out the National Guard, and imposed the plan called for a march to the down­ fects. 1) It will in heavy concentration broke up with about one half ot the a curfew from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. In town area to once again increasethe eco­ produce mental confusion where the crowd returning to the downtown section addition the Governor's proclamation nomic pressure on the local merchants. affected persons cannot find their way for some more.. harassing action, which forbade public gatherings in Berkeley. The difference was that this time we ­ out of the gas, and 2) It causes skin eventually petered out. Facism arrived at Berkeley, but the planned to stay in the downtown area cancer in mice and cats and lung cancer The next morning a crowd, which grew people, although disorganized have been and if dispersed, to return. Theplanwas in dogs and monkeys. In addition its to several thousand, gathered on Shat­ nurtured in the politically conscious partially successful. The downtown area effects are increased when water, the tuck Avenue in the central business dis­ community. They reacted by defying the was tied up for several hours and ad­ usual remedy for gas, is applied. The trict. People hung ,around the streets. ban on gatherings and tried to win over ditional small business areas were in­ pigs later denied that they had usedany- Almost all stores were closed for at the National Guard. vaded, intersections seized, traffic thing like.that. . least two hours. People clapped their blocked until the pigs arrived and dis- . During the day more than 50 people hands shouted ·we want the Park" , and persed us once again. The action con­ were arrested in what police called many imitated the high whistling noise DEFYING THE BAN tinued from noon to about 5 p.m. sev­ Operation Snatch. By early evening the made by demonstration Algerians in the eral persons were arrested at each of streets were cleared. Very few demon­ film • Battle of Algiers". After a march the places and the clubbings continued. strators had reached the business area began, National Guardsmen moved down By Friday there were at least 1000 The heaviest action took place on the and the police sustained no injuries for the street from both directionswith bay­ National Guardsmen and 500 police in campus where Guardsmen withfixed bay­ the day. 0nets, while California Highway Patrol­ berkeley. A rally was called for noon onets and pigs throwing large quantities On the positive side was the fact that men beat people. Their object: to get OAKLAND SEVEN continued from p-age l'a

'" '.' For "People's Exibits" he presented Mal Bernstein laid the legal basis for According' to one juror, the retired clear than with the case of the Presidio taped speeches, leaflets with phrases acquittal. The jury instructions he sub­ Colonel, the brutality issue would have 27. By acting vindictively and stupidly, emphasized like "We're going to shut mitted to the judge were one of the become more important had the prose­ the Army brass transformed mild sup­ the mother down" ,"It may be possible to most important ,'easons for the acquittal. cution presented a decent case. Then port for GI organizing into massive break people away from the police", The judge was forced to include such the issues of the war and police bru­ support. and "The police are illegitimate; they instructions as, "Even advocacy ofcrime tality would have hung the jury. He It is argued that political trials should are the enemy." is protected by the First Amendment, personally was very moved by the tes­ His major witnesses were two incom­ be used as platforms. Yes, but keep in the absense of immediate incitement" timony of the police beatings. in mind that they are muted, and the petant police spies, who were supposed to and «Blocking inductee busses or pushing The jurors came from increasingly prove that these phrases were actual amplifier is not under your control. cars into the streets does not con­ alienated classes. They pay taxes, pro­ Legal repression has been transformed biueprints for action. After removingthe stitute obstructIng police officers." duce wealth that is squandered on wars into victories.Castro did. The Irish rev­ lapses of memory and false quotes from The intersection of political and legal and moon shots, vote for remote poli­ the testimony, nothing remained to link arguments--putting politics in command olutionaries of 1916. did, though they ticians who lie to them, and send their paid with their lives. Eugene Debs re­ any of the Seven with the crimes they without neglecting the legal questions sons to a losing war. were supposed to have conspired to made the defense case doubly effective. ceived almost a million votes for pres­ They still accept the court as neutral ident while in jail. Huey's trial gave commit. A political trial asks the question: territory, but their very impartiality Finally a m1l1tary history of STDW, Why are the defendants on trial? his political ideas national publicity. was in contradiction with the court The American class biased judicial complete with 8 x 10 glossy color It is answered by projectingthe neces­ system, which is in no way impartial. photographs with circles and arrows and sity and the politics of the political acts system is rent with contradictions. A By aggreeing to listen to both sides, political defense should take advantage a paragraph on the back, presented by for which the defendants were arrested. they agreed that both sides had some­ the Deputy Police Chief, the" Commander The Defense makes the assumption that of this. The forces of repression don't thing to say. In the end, their very like us to use the First Amendment, of Ground Forces" and the Tac Squad the jurors can identify their needs with "impartiality" pUshed some of them leader. the political struggle of the defendants. or the search and seizure laws. politically to the side of the defense. bad. They can be forced to obey these After the courtroom case was over But it does not expect the jury to acquit Boomerang! and the jury had walked upstairs to out front on the grounds that the war is laws--until the day they rescind the Bill of Rights (which they never wanted tl}e jury room, they began their delib­ wrong, Induction Centers should be shut THE FIRST AMENDMENT erations by agreeing that the DA had down, or a Black Studies Department in the first place). Contrary to some presented no evidence. be established at the local college. Still, a legal tool was needed to acquit. sectarians, the successful use of the The Defense assumes that its enemy-­ That tool was the First Amendment. In First Amendment is a measure of our TO RUN A POLITICAL TRIAL the ruling class--is the enemy of the a period of rising struggle the First strength. It makes revolution easier, jurors: Amendment may be a cutting edge for not harder. If trial must come, t3.ke your place There were three defense attorneys: The jury was impressed by the argu- the revolution. It can give legal pro­ Charles Garry, Dick Hodge, and Mal ment that the Seven were unjustly selec- tection to the views of the vanguard. in the arena of legal illusions proudly, Bernstein. Garry was the ring master-- ted for prosecution. The Defense did The First Amendment is a perfect state your name and politics clearly, political, rhetorical, tough and emotion- not place the Seven on the witness stand. example of bourgeois formalism. Itpre­ fully expecting the jury to identify your aI, hammering away on the issues of the Their silence, combined with the w11l- tends that everyone has a right to problems with theirs. Bring the People war, the draft, selective prosecution, ingness of the 47 witnesses to talk speak, ignoring the fact that commun­ to your defense inside the courtroom the «senile and demented" District Attor- about the demonstration, said in effect: ications are monopolized, that "equal and out and pull as strong a legal ney, the traditions of freedom and revolt "The Seven were not STDW, the 10,000 time" means equal time for the two case as you can out of the tangle of in America...getting up to crossexamine were. The focus should not be on us monopoly parties, that the upper classes bourgeois contradictions. a cop.•. turning to the courtroom and individuals, but on the political event tend to do most of the talking. **** \--- Winking a a friendly spectator, then that caused our indictment and that The First Amendment combined with turning to face the cop with a stern look. threatened the power structure conduc- the blunders of the DA allowed the After the Oakland Seven trial was over, The 47 defense witnesses came from ting the war." jurors to express their political sym­ one of the jurors said, •I used to be all classes and moral and political The pacifists who openly conspired pathy in legal terms. We should not a sitter, a neutral. Now I know that to persuasions. They had participated in to trespass and who told the cops weeks scoff at the First Amendment: like a be neutral is to play into the hands Stop the Draft Week and they told the before of their intentions were not gun, its value depends on who is holding of the power structure." She was reading jury why they went and what happened indicted for conspiracy. Gi;en this, the it and how well-shielded the opponent SOUL ON ICE. She is a middle-aged \:1.- to them. jury could only interpret the indictment is. , registered Republican.. Dick Hodge concentrated on the facts. 'of the Seven as selective. What actually happened at the demo- The' evidence of police brutality was TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS stration? Was the DA' s version accurate? most important in discrediting prose- He contradicted prosecution testimony cution witnesses who to the man denied Political trials provide for us an with defense testimony and other parts that officers had 'ever struck demonstra- opportunity to expose and humiliate the of the prosecution' s case~ tors. ruling class. Nowhere .is this more May it happen again.•• PAGE 20 THE MOVEMENT JUNE 1969 WILDCAT continued from p.13 on Monday. In general they were very in working with us. We aided one worker threat and reward (the local leaderswere ready stated, there were political rea­ open to political discussions with stu­ in putting out a leaflet that named the told that if they did not urge the men back sons why the leadership would support dents. scabs. During the wildcat guys promised to work their careers with the Dem­ the UAW International. On the other hand, most students to get the scabs after the strike was ocratic Party would be over, at the same Adding to different political perspec­ simply don't know enough about work­ over. A good number of car windows time, jobs on the· International staffwere tives was the complication that in order ers and the issues effecting them to have been broken and tool boxes crushed dangled before them for their help in to help the wildcat during its initial layout some concrete analysis. Their in the presses since the leaflet. One stopping the walkout), the local leader­ stages we provided independent legal rhetoric had little relationship to the problem we have been facing is the in­ ship began to urge the end of the strike. counsel for the local. A very important lives ofthese young workers. Even though ability to get all our contacts together The stewards and the committeemen area of any working class organizing in many of the guys at Sterling were the to plan collective action. Sterling works however, remained loyal to the Wildcat, factories is knowledge of labor laws. same age as the students they were in on three shifts and since the wildcat reflecting the division between the vice­ Unlike the university, the internal be­ a world altogether different than col­ many guys have been working seven president and president who stayed out­ havior of unions is subjected to a var­ lege students. Most were married, faced days a week as Chrysler planned for side the plan, and those officials of the iety of federal and state laws that can with consumer problems, raising child­ a local strike that would shut down union on the shop floor. lead to court action by management or ren and attempting to find ways to exist operations until the summer. There has We tried hard to counter the lack of the union. We also gave advice on strat­ for a lifetime in a factory. They were not been a single day when everyone organizing ability by first getting guys egy and tactics. This placed us in close not pissed off at the pigs. The war and was off. In addition, workers are spread to see how important itwas to be together. contact with the leadership, while at the the draft had little direct impact on them. all over the suburbs and eastern half Continually we would ask: what are you same time we had little hopes for them Most of their problem 5 were centered of Detroit, making it difficult to select going to do when the wildcat is over? remaining anything but reformist durirrg around dealing with industrial discipline. a central meeting place. We hope, how­ How are you going to take-on Chrysler the struggle. Throughout the wildcat we They, were working hard (some had ever, to have a group of workers attend­ with all its resources? How can you remained in uneasy contact with. the been working seven days a week since ing educationals and planning activities even take control of your own local, let leadership not sure how much to work Christmas) and finding the money they on a regular basis in the near future. alone the International? As best as pos­ with them nor how much to be indend­ earned was just enough to make ends The struggle the wildcat initiated will sible, when guys expressed interest in ent. This problem lias· still not been meet. For them the studentswere visions continue in the shops. The critical need organizing, we attempted to pass on resolved as the present union leader­ of people which only their children might for us is to evaluate our efforts in deal­ techniuqes. ship has asked we help them in the next become. Regardless of the effect of the ing with some problems in organizing For example, if a leaflet is to be union election. students on the attitudes of the workers, in a wildcat situation. It is to these passed out in the shop we stressed the Our experience suggests keeping away the mere visible signs of students man­ questions we now turn. need for a distribution system where from specific dealingwith the locaJ lead­ ning the picket lines with workers forced Essentially the problems we encoun­ workers pass along material from de­ ership. On the other hand, the in-plant the UAW into action. tered focused around four areas: a) the partment to department. This prevents leadership, union stewards and COID­ ability of young workers to organize; management from singling out one in­ mitteemen, seem very open and willing b)white-black worker relationships; c) dividual for handing it out, and also en­ to move. The goal should always be to INTERNATIONAL SEDUCTION the woman question; and d) relationship gages many workers in an action, es­ remain with the rank and file. We went The International union played a subtle with local union officials. tablishing new contacts for a plant cau­ up to the. picket lines at Sterling with role in forcing the wildcat to end. In the cus. Any leafleting of plants should rec­ the idea that the wildcat would be crUshed, beginning of the strike the International's YOUNG WORKERS ognize the importance of an internal dis­ .and it was important that the struggle, pressure was absent; However, as th.e tribution system. It is much more ef­ initiated by the action would be carried wildcat continued and students joinedthe The emphasis in NOC's work has been ficient to give a worker 50 leaflets, if on in the plant through a Solidarity "au­ workers the UAW pushed quickly for a on young workers for the following he will hand them out inside, then dispose cus. Our time aiding the local leadership settlement. On Monday, the UAW sum­ reasons: l)since they are just being of 500 during a shift change. was .important in terms of contact and moned the local union leaders to Sol­ integrated into the shop young workers access to information about conditions idarity House, the UAW headquarters. are the most likely to rebel against WHITE SUPREMACY AND within the union, yet involvementwith the During this meeting the UAWbureaucrats industrial discipline; 2)young workers leadership was always risky, for even told Local 1264' s union representative are less ensconced in a life style and MALE CHAUVINISM the most militant do not have the same that if they did not order their men back family pattern which will impede their interests as radical organizers and they to work' the local would be taken into development as organizers; 3)young could crush whatever actions we had receivership by the International. That workers are the most oppressed by the We faced another key problem at Ster­ begun. afternoon the localwas putinto receiver­ seniority rules, wage levels, unemploy­ ling with the lack of black participation One observation that ties together our ship and Douglas Fraser, executive ment compensation and lay-offs; and on the picket lines. While many blacks experiences at Sterling is that most board member and head of all of the 4)young workers grew up after the De­ hung around the union hall, very few workers are without a political pers­ UAW's Chrysler division, ordered all of pression making them take a different went out on the .lines. For most of the pective. Deprived knowledge of an anti­ the workers at Sterling Stamping back view of solely wage and fringe benefit white workers the lack of black partici­ capitalist analysis, workers are often to work. increases than their fathers. At Ster­ pation was proof, "they didn't care about unable to deal with the forces oppressing The next morning, to the surprise of ling we found that young guys were in­ the strike" . them. Many guys at Sterling were ex­ many, they refused. Many menwere con­ terested in our politics. At the wildcat we were unable to deal tremely pissed off about how the bosses fused and started to go to work, but when Yet, so Pervasive is the bourgeois with this problem in concrete terms. We screwed them, but became frustrated be­ they saw the picket line they turned notion of individualism that most of did talk to a few black guys about the cause they didn't know how to move. around and went home. FraZer's res­ the workers have not experienced col­ League of Revolutionary Black Workers, These workers were some of the first ponse was to call a mass meeting for lective work. During the wildcat we and the League is now in contact with to walk out of the meeting with Fraser. the local 1264 members. found continually that guys did not know them, but there was little racial inter­ Workers cannot be expected to be able At the meeting the UAW used all the how to organize. There was no leaflet action during the wildcat. Our experience to cope with the contradictions they traditional ploys. The vast majority of distributed to all workers explaining at Sterling indicates how important it face every day on the job without the the rank and file came to the meeting the reasons for the wildcat. The picket­ is to raise black demands that will in­ placing of these contradictions in a feeling angry and militant. Frazer and ing was unorganized; it was assumed volve black workers in the struggle. general political framework. The UAW others, who spoke about ending the strike workers would show up to fill each shift. Otherwise it is likely that most black International plans its political actions carefully. Workers can only respond· were booed and heckled. When Fraser Although most workers were interest in workers tend to view the struggle as a first called for a strike vote, only a getting publicity for their actions, the white man's affair. In other plants, how­ with a gut action --a wildcat--but can­ handful voted in favor of returning to idea of passing out leaflets in their com­ ever, black and white have worked toget­ not sustain a struggle. It is our job to work. Fraser started to put down the munities never occurred to them. All her on wildcats,so the Sterling situation begin that process of political struggle. 'presence of students on the picket lines through the 8 day walkout, there was no is not universally applicable. The working class is in motion; it and guys shouted back: -The students communications center as most business If our handling of the problem of black always has been. The task is to develop did more for us than the International!" was conducted in a haphazard fashion. workers was insufficient,the waywe dealt the political program and ideology that Still. Fraser monopolized the micro­ Had some of the militantworkers organ­ with male supremacy was a disaster. Al­ will mobilize workers into a struggle phone and dragged the meeting out for ized themselves for the Wednesday meet­ though we talked about these issues to against capitalism and imperialism. two and a half hours. Many workers left ing with Fraser, the outcome might have workers, as in the case with the black disgusted. In essence, Fraser said that been considerably different. workers, little concrete organizing was cont' d .fr. p. 2 the only way to get the 69 fired workers' In part, the failure of the workers to accomplished. NOC women should have ialfsm in South Vietnam either by po­ jobs back was to go back to work and organize themselves was due to the local visited the homes of workers to talk to· litical dealing or by military pressure. let Fraser, as the UAW representative, president and vice-president. The rank their wives about the strike. We faileo In Paris, it has made noisy propa­ bargain with the corporation. He said and file were denied information during to reach the significant minority of ganda about its - good will for peace". the only alternative was more firings, the wildcat by these union officials who women workers in the plant. Although But in Saigon, it has been intensifying more people laid off at other plants. He kept negotiations with the UAW Interna­ there were very few women workers on its military activities, and it has spurred then introduced a fired worker who got tional or Chrysler a deep secret. The the picket lines, at tlie union meeting the Saigon puppet administration, their up and told the rest of the workers to local would not even give names.and tele­ with Fraser many did show up and some lackeys, to fiercely repress the South go back. The meeting was controlled by phone numbers to workers to get guys contacts should have been attempted. Vietnamese urban population's move­ the careful selection of speakers and by out on the picket lines. Both these union Our failure to deal with the question ment for the restoration of peace, the refusal of the chairman to let mili­ officials were very capable men and of male chauvinism in concrete terms to pressgang young people, even stu­ tant workers effectively question Fraser. could have easily organized groups of reflects a blind spot particularly present dents and professors, in order to in­ Finally, on the third ballot Fraser pushed militant workers to carry-out the bus­ in working class organizing. There is a crease the effectiveness of its armed through a return to work vote, primarily iness of the Wildcat, yet because oftheir masculine illusion always associated forces. The American administration's by promising to allow a regular strike politics, they refused to see this as a with working class organizing: you go to deeds are in utter contradiction with vote in the plant on the next Monday. desirable end. the bar and talk to the guys. Of course its words. Many workers, however, were confused the women are supposed to fall in line We must resolutely and persistently and did not vote at all. ELITISM behind the men. In part, our attempts at continue to struggle by all possible Workers went back, only to overwhel­ Sterling suffered from that perspective. means against its maneuver of dragging mingly. sanction an official walkout for One of the very important orientations To counter this dangerous tendency NOCs on the war, and against its war policy. May 8th Yet, the last minute nego­ of the American union is to keep workers women's sub-collective has been estab­ Dear friends, you are setting an ex­ tiations produced an agreement in which systematically deprived of the skills by lished to deal with organizing working ample of indomitability for the conscien­ Chrysler agreed to keep oil off the floors, which they can organize themselves. In class women both in the factories and tious American youth indefending justice repair the conveyor belt, and fix some the UAW, it is the International struc­ the communities. and opposing injustice. You will surely of the machines. Sixty-five of the men ture that is responsible for organizing be the victors. were re-hired, most punished through drives. Working through the local leader­ LEADERS VS. RANK AND FILE The South Vietnamese people highly loss of back pay, and the jobs of five ship, the International passes on its value your valiant action and express men remain contested in binding arbi­ elitist politics: keep the rank and file in Finally, during the walkout we had our admiration and sincere gratitude tration. Although the local leadership the dark as much as possible, then many problems with the local union of- to you, and ask you to convey our best fought for the settlement, it was a sell­ there will be no disruptions. They do not ficials. While they accepted our aid greefings to your families. out as the union did not even win am­ understand the nature of 'contemporary (when faced with the threat of attack We wish you goodhealthandsllccesses nesty for all the men. In a ratification capitaiism At Sterling the local pres­ from both management and union, they in your struggle. vote, the local membership approved ident and vice-president, no matter how would have accepted anyone's aid), they Faithfully yours, the settlement 1,380 to 794. much they thought 'of themselves as anti­ became suspicious of our intentions, South Vietnam People'S Committee for ::iince the wildcat we have been meet­ establishment, cOnformed to that rule. As particularly as the UAW pressured them Solidarity With the American People. ing with guys who expressed an interest the UAW applied pressure, both through .into urging the rank and..!flil~eL.2b~ac~k!S....A~s.ila~I-...__.;' _ "- JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 21 ~. w w 0:: :::If.I w· Z ~ If.I ~:tt « Z 0:: W E-< «If.I p.. ~ u ~ ::r:: u >< p:j o oE-< ::r:: p..

• STANFORD • THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST. • • reflected the limited experience of Stan­ its demands on April 3rd, by Molly Maguire ford's undergraduates who comprised the majority of the demonstrators. Their EXEMPLARY ACTION class backgrounds, Stanford's physical The April 3rd Movement at Stanford has survived isolation, and a liberal faCUlty all work The exemplary action occured in Jan­ to direCt students' concern to their uary when about 50 SDS members broke two sit-ins, the surge and decline of mass support own personal development or towards up an on-campus trustee meeting. This and a university-obtained court order enjoining the issues of the individual's moral rela­ was not too popular on campus, Twenty­ tionship to the system, (Stanford is nine people were suspended, but the entire movement from disruptiv.e activity. After the the prestige school for undergraduates subsequent university judicial hearings Board of Trustees failed to act on all the students' west of the Mississippi, Located in su­ unified SDS and educated the campus burban Palo Alto, it is insulated even about imperialism. In the wake of this demands on Mq,y 13, the A3M voted to take over the from that posh environment by a mile struggle, a small fraction of SDS began of eucalyptus groves and palm trees, organizing liberal support for a state­ industri"al park. This vote came the same day as the A liberal faculty has encouraged sem­ ment that SRI should be brought closer battle, in Berkeley over People's Park. (see page J. inarsfor freshmen with full professors, to the university and that all chemical a few students on alsortsof committees. biological warfare and counter-insur­ Disruption at the industrial PARK IN Palo, Alto was and an amenability to ail sorts of aca­ 'gency research at SRI should be ended. planned to serve a dual junction: press for A3M's demic reform. Some professors really Then, the enemy made a mistake. Five care about providing a liberal education­ trustees came to an open forum on March demand and serve as a diversionary tactic to take perhaps because the country's future II, Trustee William Hewlett (Hewlett­ managers must be generalists - and Packard, FMC) tried to lie about his man­ the heat off the Berkeley people. succeed in providing one, As a result, ufacture of nerve gas, and said that The April 3rd Movement was formed to the brains and labs that do basic Stanford has one of the nation's highest performing services for the U.S. gov­ when a meeting 0 f about a thousand and applied research.) percentages of Peace Corps and Vista ernment was a non-political act. The people last April 3rd demanded that all SRI, in addition to researching chem- volunteers. A huge number of Stanford entire audience demanded an open meet­ classified research, chemical and bio- ical-biological warfare, ABM deploy- students worked last year for McCarthv, ing to discuss SRI. logical warfare research, counterinsur- ment,andother weaponry projects, also The students care about issues, but The long research and education gency research, and research related does lots of counter-insurgent social the eucalyptus trees around the univer­ campaign, the break-up of the trustee's to the wars being fought by the U.S. science. Eugene Staley, often credited sity are like a cocoon insulating them meeting, an the trustees' mistakes had against the people of Vietnam, Laos, with having masterminded the infamous from experiential contact with overde­ created the potential, and the April 3rd Thailand, and Cambodia be stopped im- strategic hamlet plan used in Vietnam, veloped capitalism's many contradic­ meeting formed the movement. When mediately at both Stanford and SRI. They is an SRI economist, SRI maintains tions. The contradictions which do seep the trustees responded to the movement's also demanded an open decision-making an office in Bangkok, Thailand, where in through the educational process do demands with a moratorium on new meeting of the Board of Trustees to it, works in Project Agile, the Pent- nothing to place a premium on the CBW contracts and almost nothing else, decide the university's future relation- agon' s world -wide counterinsurgency collective development of a fighting spir­ more than 700 people met on April 9 ship with SRI. research program.(i.e." communications it, and decided to occupy the ApPlied Elec­ The demands struck directly at the problems in a jungle environment.w) • But last spring's sit-in provided some tronics Laboratory, interests ofthe Stanford trustees. Repre­ experience with community and the first sented on the Stanford board are Hewlett­ LIMITED EXPERIENCE task of struggle, As a result of the THE PAY OFF Packard, a defense electronics firm; sit-in and McCarthy's defeat, Stanford Food Machinery Corporation, known for All this has been going on at Stanford had a large, loosely structured SDS More than seven hundred people de­ nerve gas and fragmentation bombs; for a long time, and radicals have been composed of people of diffuse views cided to sit-in at AEL. The sit-in Lockheed, General Dynamics, utah Min­ researching it and educating about im­ and without much political experience was a direct attack on the war machine ing and Construction, which builds air­ p'arialism for a long time too. Two this fall.) that would actually stop research, Rad­ ""::.- bases in Southeast Asia, Northrup Avi­ years ago, when radicals covered the Demanding that stanford get out of icals were delighted to see so many ation, Shell Oil, and Tenneco, among campus with posters picturing the Stan­ Southeast Asia, SDS launched a massive people w1l1ing to do that. The hours others. The university is the center ford trustees and accusing them of educational campaign and research pro­ of research and education had paid of a research and industrial complex war crimes, most of the E;tanford com­ gram to expose the imperialist role off. The previous spring's sit-in was designed to serve the interests of the munity expressed its shock and disap­ of the university, SRI, and the indus- the first disruption that had ever hap­ trustees and their friends, Basic re­ proval. trial park. , pened at Stanf{)rd, and that had been a search done in university labs is linked Last spring, after seven studentswere The education and research campaign protest against the abuse of jUdicial pro­ through the intermediate-stage applied suspended for participating in a small was spiced with demonstrations at the cedure, Radicals had neverbeen able research done at SRI to the needs of anti-CIA demonstration, Stanford saw President's office and the university to guess how many people would support the Department of Defense andthe trust­ its first sit-in, The issue was one of lab (the AEL) housing military eloc­ a more radical demand. ees corporations. (The Stanford Indus­ student power; a faculty tribunal had tronic research. None of last fall's SDS had spent hours discussing its bial Park, built 011 university land, suspended the students after a student demonstrations drew much more than isolation from the rest of the campus, _ses new • spin-atJ'" firms from the court had acquitted them. The sit-in a hundred people; but after Christmas, In fact, isolation had been seen as one 1II11versitY's chemistry, engineering, and successfully demanded a revocation of through a combination of exemplary of the principal problems to overcome, pbysics departments, plus some of the' the suspensions and a revamped judi­ action, Grganlzing, and taking advantage SUddenly the movement was there -­ corporate giants represented by some cial process, of the enemy's mistakes, radicals were and no one knew exactly what to do ..the trustees, in, close proximity Last spring's focus on student power able to build the movement that made with it. Everyone's efforts had been

'~~GE 22 l""'-f~.;, THE MOVEMENT. i . , .", '.' .• JUNE 1969

...... • • • COUNTER ·INSURGENCY RESEARCH directed toward building a movement-­ of people who had formed the backbone ment. broken glass door. At 2 a.m. about no one had thought very much about of SDS that it would have been difficult In the end this left it up to the univer­ three hundred people were inside the what that movement would have to do for them to get together and talk about sity to define the sit-in. After nine days building. to win. The creation of a movement strategy. Besides, most SDS members President Pitzer offered to keep the lab The lack of strategy that had charac­ had been seen as winning. Many rad­ didn't want to put forward an SDS po­ closed for a week and students voted terized the April 3rd Movement was icals thought that if a thousand people sition because they thought it would to suspend the sit-in. present in Encina too. The adminis­ sat-in and stopped war research, they be perceived as manipulative and-split tration was moving to bust people as were bound to win. No one realized the movement. SDS had created the REPEAT PERFORMANCE fast as it could--the cops arrived at how difficult it was going to be to win movement and now many SDS members 7 a.m. when there were very few peo­ on SRI, ' said that, they couldn't make decisions The week after the AEL sit-in ended ple awake to witness any action. The When the April 3rd Movement decided for it; v the movement" had to decide the faculty voted to end classified re~ people inside Encina didn't expect such to occupy the AEL, they also set up what to do. search on campus. The movement's quick action. They made no plans for non-violent guidelines for the sit-in: There were two functioning cadre major focus became the demand for self defense. When university lackeys the building would be open to every­ groups at the sit-in, the Red Guard , closer control over SRI. A3M had orig- woke everybody up at six thirty to one, no damage would be done to per­ and th: United ~tudent. ~oveme':lt.( The inally demanded an open decision-making announce that the cops were coming; sons or property, and people would Guard is a Marxist-Lemmst collective, meeting on the question of SRI' thetrus- ' people held a meeting and decided to not tamper with classified files. These USM is a high school group.) They tees' response had been to ;chedule a leave, because most of them didn't guidelines were passed with little op­ put out one leaflet each and that was closed hearing for Wednesday, April 30 see any value in getting busted, ex­ position or discussion. People with mil­ it. Both of these leaflets were defen- at which students could testify and five pecially because no one else but the itant instincts (but little idea of stra­ sive, urging the sit-in not to give in trustees would listen. This became the pigs was around. tegy) , did not object. Later, they found to predictable faculty pleas to leave next, target date. The movement fell On the day after the Encina sit-in, the guidelines severely limited the pos­ the building. The USM leaflet did point back on the same tactic it had success- the trustees obtained a court order sibilites for escalating the struggle. out that ·we must be prepared to fight fUlly used before--waiting for the trust- enjoining 36 people by name and 500 The AEL sit-in was festive; it turned to the finish" but it said nothing about ees to do something that would outrage John Does from further disruptive ac­ into the first real community Stanford how this fight to the finish might be the campus, create support, and legit- tivity. A3Mhe.ld another meeting that ever had, and attracted hundreds of carried out. imize A3M's next move night, discussed proposals for another people. More than 1600 people signed Individual radicals did think about This tactic, designed to create broad sit-in and calling for a student strike the sit-in's solidarity statement. Wo­ strategy. But because people werethink- support was ineffective the second time and was unable to come to any agree­ men's Liberation set up a nursery. Palo ing in isolation a lot of energy was NObOdy' expected the trustees to com~ ment. Altans brought home-baked bread every wasted. Two or three people would stay through. Nobody was outraged. But ev- morning for breakfast. The high point up all night talking about what the move- eryone expected the movement to do NEW STRUCTURES came when a couple was married by ment should do, only to find themselves something Wednesday night and most the communitv. the next morning arguing small points people expected a sit-in. B~t what kind A3M has now restructured itself per­ The movement also launched a large against other people who had done the of sit-in? Broad support couldn't· be manently into small groups. At least education campaign for engineers in the same thing and come up with a slightly won for a militant sit-in But in the three hundred people are participating industrial park, researchers at SRI, and different answer., ten days between the withdrawal from in discussions of tactics. Most of the employees--both blue and white collar-­ Underlying the lack of leadership ~d AEL and the Wednesday hearing, the groups contain both of the movement's at Stanford. The leaflettingand extensive st.rateg.y at AEL was a preoccupahon emphasis on gaining broad support pre- Viewpoints. A3M has put out a, leaflet rapping gained some supportfor the April' With ViOlence. The occupiers of AEL vented discussions of strategy within on the Encina sit-in pointing out that 3rd Movement from all of these groups. saw themselves as split on this ques- the movement itself. "the trustees will respond only to ris­ More importantly it drew together al­ tion. The failures of leadership at AEL Wednesday the movement met and ing costs." The question of militancy ready sympathetic but previously in­ were failures- to prepare for militant decided to send representatives to tes- is finally being openly discussed, both active or isolated people. The AEL tactics; that doesn't mean that there tify at the hearing because as one within the Movement's small groups sit-in provided a focus around which weren't leaders: There were. Paul Ru- person said, "then n'ObodY can' accuse and on campus. such people could concretely talk about pert of the ReSistance, a pacifist, was us of acting too quickly." Later that For a while the discussion remained organizing in their own constituencies the celltral .figure. The groups that afternoon the movement's representa- abstract. But the Trustee's formal de­ around the anti-imperialist issues raised ~idn't lead--SDS, the cadr:s--didn't be- tives walked out and A3M met again cision forced people to take further by the student movement. It's much too heve that non-violent tachcs could win; to decide what to .do. The movement action. As of this writing, we do not early to tell how these organizing efforts but they;didn't want to talk about mili- had followed the same script that got know the outcome of the plans to take will develop. tant tachcs because they thought it would it into AEL, but the situation was dif- over the Industrial park. One thing But the sit-in couldn't prepare the split the movement. They would have had !erent. The violent/nonviolent divisions is sure--the students are not ready student movement itself for the power to win an abstract argument ~bout the remained, and they hadn't been talked to give up. struggle that was necessary to win the use of force in order to legitimize a about. Stanford Students were intellectually demands. By the end of the first week scratched door. Pacifism had been pop- The all-night meeting ended, with a convinced by SDS analysis of the univer­ many people began to see that AEL ular at Stanford for years. David Harris, decision to occupy Encina Hall the sity's role in imperialism before they wasn't enough, but no strategy emerged. of the Resistance, had been elected administrative center of the unive;sity. began to act. This created a contra­ None of the radicals on campus were student body' president in 1967. Stud- The question of guidelines was brought diction. The same people who were able to organize themselves and provide dents wer: concerne.d with principles up at the very end of the meeting. Again, moved to act by abstract systematic strategic leadership. and talked m abstrachons. we side-stepped the issue of tactics analysis had to work through questions NO STRATEGY Non-pacifists. tended to talk about when a motion to "achieve our objec- of tactics abstractly and systematically .. "mi~tan.cy" an~ "threatening the trus- tives (Le. get into the bUilding) in the before they ;ame up with a strategy. SDS, before the sit-m, had been a loose tees Without giving these phrases any, most humanitarian manner possible" They were faced with the need to come up organization that attracted everyonewho content. Everyone wanted to win the was made and accepted. It was under- with a strategy that could challenge c;onsid:red himself a rad~cal and. felt demands, everyone felt that there was stood that people would meet again and imperialism itself on the basis of little hke gomg to meetings. Dunng the Sit-in strength in numbers, and everyone. rad- talk about guidelines once the building or no experience in struggle; but they meeting-goers could find other things to icals and liberals alike, wanted to post- was occupied. About a thousand people are quickly gaining that experience. do and didn't J!'eed SDS. There were so pone the argument about tactics because walked over to Encina, and the move- +-->+< many diverse Viewpoints amongthe group they were ~fraid it would split the movp- ment finally split in front of Encina's BERKELEY CONTINUED FROM PAGE 20 I:l CI CI ClClClClCl CI Cl CI Cl C11:l C1I:lI:lClClI:lI:lI:l CI CI ~1:l=1:l1:l CI ClI:l CI CI C1I:lI:lClllII:lI:lI:l CI C1I:lI:lI:lClI:lClI:l CI C11:l1:l ClI:lI:l ClClI:lClI:l CI CI CI CI CII:K people off the main street and up side That is exactly what should be done with Third, we have tried to put the pigs ~ost of the leadership is devoting its streets and eventually back on the cam-' the vacant land and abandoned buildings on the defensive by exerting economic time and energy to defying the facist pus. in this city. These properties shouldbe pressure on downtown merchants. This police st~te, which is the correct strat- The group of people was divided in used to meet the needs of the people of of course is also safer militarily than egy at this point. Help from people a- half and after some marching both groups the community--needs for free rec- staying in our own "ghetto". We have round the country in. the form of dem- ended up on campus where a rally was reation, free day care and inexpensive moved a LITTLE beyond purely spon- onstrations and ralhes is vital at this held. Speakers said that the crowd should housing for the people. The Park was taneous riots to trying to pick physical time. The situation at Berkeley is a disperse, having stopped the shopping, the first step. The troops the police targets which will afford us maximum question of National Importance and and return on Sunday for a peaceful vigil the guns the shootings ar~ an attempt protection from pig violence and at the brothers and sisters everywhere must of thousands in front of Herrick Hos- to stop it." same time cause the most economic respond. Students at UC Santa Cruz and pital, in honor of those wounded during pressure to be exerted against those UCLA have already gone to the streets Thursday's savage WHERE WE ARE AT NOW who control the city government. and hopefully that will begin to happen On Sunday people were urged to go to It is difficult to assess the situation The pigs have now reacted with a con- in many other places. , churches and convince people there to at this point with any certainty, but sev- tainment policy and we will have towork Also e~couraging is the beginning support demands for withdrawal of the eral tentative observations can be macie out a counter-tactic of small groups of some discipline and some unity among pigs, condemnation ofthe brutality(which First it seems clear that the mov~- that still gives some protection when people with a great diversityofideology. included plenty of clUbbing and gasing, ment h~s entered a new stage The fact the pigs arrive. While certainly this has not been com",: besides the shooting). A ring of Guards- that pigs win actually shoot us' like they Fourth, the movement has responded pletely satisfactory there does seem to men around the hospital area made the have been shooting our black ~d brown correctly to the repression and institu- be .considerably less friction and sec vigil impossible. brothers for so long is somethingwhose tion of fascist laws. The city has been tananism among the people. There are Instead two thousand people marched meaning will only ~come clear to us as under curfew and military occupation of course some exceptions. More than to another vacant lot, this one owned by the shock wears off and the reality set- for the last six days. Assemblies and ever before we are united; Willing to the Bay Area Rapid Transit District, tles in. But it is the beginning of the loss rallies ha,:e been b~ed. And yet we debate. out the various actions and al- or BART. BART, supposed to be an of at least one part of our white skin have been m the streets in mass num- ternatIves open to us and take what efficient subway system has already privileges bers every single day and with the latest action we can. Spontaneity has not been swindled the people out of millions and Second .and this is directly related to developments that seems likely to con- stifled, but we are much more together is still nothing but a lot of holes in the the first 'is the fact that more and more tinue for quite some time. this time than we were before. There ground. There, People's 'Park Annex white r~dicals and revolutionaries are Fifth, some good mass propaganda is a good chance that we can unite even I'.. was created.. beginning to understand not only intel- has been done by various groups. Much further in the next few days. The decision to plant the new park lectually but concreteiy that we must of the talk about the need to relate to was part of a deliberate strategy to begin to' pick up the gun. Some early ~he ma.ss:s, to reach the w,orking class try to suggest to the community at large reactions suggested that we get every- . is begmmng to. be concretized. Excel- that lands be put to positive public one with a gun to appear at the next lent leaflets have been pa~sed out to the uses--Iow cost housing, parks, daycare demonstration armed and ready, but of National Guard. But, smce much of SUBSCRIBE ..­ centers, etc. One leaflet read: course this is unrealistic. The black our energy has been devoted to the need .-..'..... : The city and the university are afraid strlJggle has shown us that much more to be on the streets every day--with to . the message of People's Park will must be done before that will be even leaflets for our own people, raising spread. The~ are.afraid that people in remotely possible. Nevertheless people bail and responding to crisis--this has .the MOVEMENT the commumty Will take over BART are now confronting the question of self- not been d~ne :nough. Hopefully much land and build low cost housmg or take defense for the first time as a necessity more of this Will occur in the future. over condemned empty buildings and use rather than as an intellectual exercis~ The resources are still too limited to 12 issues for $2.50 them for day care centers. and that is healthy. do everything that must be done and ~

JUNE 1969 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 23