LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN

.. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION UNITED STATES DE~ARTMENT OF JUSTICE J. EDGAR HOOVER, DIRECTOR MAY 1969

VOL. 38, NO. 5

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T 11 E CO V E R- Hot wires and what the law e It for c e melt t officer should know abollt th em. See page 2. - LAW ENFORCEMENT - BULLETIN CONTENTS

Message From Director J. Edgar Hoover 1 Hot Wires: The Hows and Whys; The Do's and Don'ts, by Sherman R. Knapp, Chairman of the Board, Northeast Utilities, Wethersfield, Conn. , A "Show" of Support for Police, by Carl E. Rivers, Chief of Police, Shelby, Ohio 7 Traffic Accidents, by Dan F. Schutz, Director, Bu• reau of Highway Safety Promotion, Divi ion of Motor Vehicles Wisconsin Department of Trans• pOT·tation, Madison, Wis. 10 ~ Mini-Lab on Wheels, by gt. Charles C. Samen, Mobile Crime Section, Metropolitan Police De• partment, Washington, D.C. 12 Publlsh_d by ,h_ Investigators' A ids . 16 .. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Improving Bank Security 17 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Washing'on, D.C. 20535 Wanted by the FBI 24 •

.. LAW DAY, USA-May 1st-has become a sig- we believe that our established democratic system nificant date in our society. The American Bar under the rule of law is the best means to achieve Association, in promoting this annual observance, rights and freedoms. Certainly, the "rights and is performing a worthy public service. The noble freedoms" mandated under anarchy, commu- purposes of Law Day, USA, are: nism, socialism, or dictatorship are not "truth . ." III actIOn. 1. To foster respect for law and under- standing of its essential place in Ameri- The observance of Law Day, USA, is closely can life. followed by National Police Week, May 11­17, To encourage citizen support of law highlighted by Peace Officers Memorial Day on observance and law enforcement. May 15th. This time has been set aside by an • To advance equality and justice under act of Congress and proclaimed by the President law. to give all Americans an opportunity to pay 4. To point up the contrast between respect to the men and women who devote their freedom under law in the United States lives to our system of law and its enforcement. and governmental tyranny under Members of law enforcement can be proud that commUnIsm. their primary responsibilities relate to protecting the ideals so vital to our democratic way of life. The Law Day, USA, theme this year, "Justice and equality depend upon law­and YOU," is Justice and equality should be the goal of all a truism with a meaningful message for all men, but not all men want the obligations which . .. Americans. make these ideals possible. Rights and liberties under a free society are not automatically ac- To Plato, justice was a cardinal virtue. Some crued. They require a heavy and continuous philosophers have defined justice as "truth in action." Truth, we are told, is immortal, but un- investment of civic duty and individual respon- fortunately both truth and justice are subject to sibility. the frailties of man. Let us, not only today but always, exalt justice Maximum justice and equality depend on the and equality, and let us remember that these successful maintenance of an overall system for cherished freedoms depend upon law­and the orderly redress of grievances. In our country, EACH of us.

MAY 1, 1969 Regard every fallen wire as dangerous. When you spot one on patrol or when one is reported to you, notify the power company so that repair crews may take immediate, expert action.

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By SHERMAN R. KNAPP· Chairman of the Board, Northeast Utilities, Wethersfield, Conn. The Hows and Whys; The Do's and Don'ts ~

­Mr. Knapp joined the Connecticut Light & ~laSSllchulleti. Electric Co. He assumed his present Power Co. in 1928, after gradullting from Cornl'll position on Apr. I, 1968. This article fint appeared in the June 1961 issue of Unh'erail) t al an electric­Ill engineer. lie was elected president of orlh('8 t l'tiliti€'s in 1966, following the Bulletin. Because of its important iDtereA affiliation of the Connecticut Light Power Co., members of law enforcement, Mr. Knapp has u ~ The Hartford Electric liGht Co., aDd Western it for reprinting here.

2 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin ) Every electric wire is a potential hazard and should be considered • The electric company which you know today is in most dangerous. instances quite different from that which you knew even 5 or Some fallen wires snap, twist, and 10 years ago. As the electrical energy requirements of this spew lethal sparks as they bite the Nation continue to skyrocket, the technology of the industry ground. Others lie quietly with no races ahead at an ever.increasing rate to keep pace with the warning rattles like a snake, but po- demand for energy. This article is designed to help you as a law tentially just as deadly. Do not go enforcement officer know what is involved in terms of public within 6 feet of any fallen wire. safety and your role. Preventive measures are always the best in any situation, whether it be automobile maintenance, weapons maintenance, or electrical accident for target practice by persons of all prevention. Thus, when boys and ages. And hard to find today is a po- girls attempt to play on or near lice officer who has not done his share electrical equipment, they should not of chasing young, eager climbers down just be summarily chased from the from utility poles and electric towers. area, to return again after you leave. Each one of these instances requires In your role representing legal au- that the law enforcement officer know thority, you can do much to impress the hazards and procedures involved upon children the hazards involved in an electric power emergency where and the potential threat to life. You there is a fallen or dangerous wire . can make these points in school pro­ .,

• I lectric power is just that- power. It can be just as deadly as the ~ cartridge in your handgun or the speeding automobile. As bullets and speeding cars represent energy in mo· tion, so also electricity is energy in motion­power. Its voltage is like the water pres- sure at a hose nozzle. But unlike water pressure, there is no "safe" voltage for human beings. Water from a garden hose can make you just as wet as water from a firehose; you can be killed just as quickly with a .22 caliber • gun as with a .44 magnum weapon; , • and you can get just as "shocked" from 120­volt house current as from . • a 345,OOO­volt transmission line. ,. The law enforcement officer is fre- quently first on the scene when over- ~ r head wires come down as a result of • .. storms, cars hitting utility poles, fall- ing rotten tree branches, civil disturb- .. ances, or sabotage. Increasingly evi· .. A t to us all is the strange fascina- WOn which insulating devices high . . Keep yourself and others away from metal highway dividers and metal fences of all kinds. atop transmission towers or poles hold A fallen wire draped over such dividers and fences can energize them for great distances.

(' \ r May 1969 3 Keep out of the danger zone. Never get closer than 6 feet to fallen Impress upon motorist the fact that, should he step from his vehicle, wire. Keep crowds back and out from under overhead lines. Set he wOllld make himself part of the electric circuit from the wire to flares. Reroute traffic if necessary. the ground, just as the victim is doing in the above drawing. .. grams, and your cooperation, if called initiate it. A few pleasant hours in a The Emergency Strikes: What upon, can be invaluable in assuring classroom is a small investment toward To Do First the safety of young people in the preventing the day when you might As a law enforcement officer, _ community. have to rush the burned, broken form Equally important is the fact that, of a child to an emergency ward only should know the basic ABC's of an .. if schools in your area have not in• to find that you were not fa t enough. electric power emergency: structed students in the hazards of Your local electric company IS A. Advise your headquarters of the electricity, you can perform a signifi• ready to assist in all possible ways to emergency condition immediately. cant community service by suggesting formulate a meaningful education B. Brightly light the area if in dark• such a program and then helping to program. ness hours and keep people at least

Remind driver of damaged vehicle that vehicle is "hot" or energized Do not attempt to handle wires unless properly equipped or trained. when it has a fallen wire draped over it. Tell him that as long as Make sure that stick of wood, the wooden pole, or the rope you he stays in the vehicle, he is perfectly safe. use to remove fallen wire from vehicle or victim is free of dampness.

4 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin ~ oo feet away. Electric power emergencies frequently occur when it is raining and the wet ground increases the hazards. C. Cement is safe; metal can be deadly. Keep everyone from any kind of metal structure, fence, guardrail, or highway divider. Even a rusty old barbed wire fence may be energized by a fallen wire draped across it miles away and out of sight. In a hurricane, tornado, forest fire, flood, or large civil disturbance, fallen wires may be multiplied by the • hundreds. In such instances electric companies borrow skilled professional service restoration and linecrews from each other to augment trained man- l power. In such large disasters, you have your own job to perform, but ~ you must be prepared to cope with the

special and unusual conditions prev- Sometimes occupants of a vehicle must leave in a hurry. Instruct them to leap free of the ... alent with many fallen wires, even vehicle with no part of their bodies or clothing touching the energized vehicle and the ground o~ go about your own emergency at the same time. ! unctIOns. You must be additionally prepared .. for the moment when you may face an electric power emergency alone and make the quick but proper deci- sions about people, power, and your- self.

,. Rules To Remember

Electricity, from a powerline or a ). thundercloud, seeks to reach the ground. Therefore, one rule to re- member at all times is: Do not let ,. yourself or others get into a circuit between one wire and another, or between one wire and the ground. • In a typical power emergency, a car hils a utility pole and causes a wire to snap and fall on the car. The • occupants are perfectly safe as long "' as they stay in the car. Call the power company. If the car catches fire, tell

? the occupants to leap, not step, from A car. To step out would put them in

W circuit, with deadly results. If the Don't be a dead hero! Don't make foolhardy rescue attempts. Remember, your rubber boots and • occupants are too injured to respond, rain gear are designed to protect you against getting wet­not against getting electrocuted.

> May 1969 5 with your car you may be able to push the other car out of contact. But before you get out of your car, take a good look around, or it might be your last; there might be another fallen wire behind you or hooked to your bumper. If so, exit leaping from your cruiser.

Rescue Aids

Many police carry a length of dry rope, an ax, and blankets in their cars. The rope can be flung around the fallen wire to pull it free from a vehi• cle or victim, or it can be used as a snare to help extricate unconscious persons trapped in burning cars or tangled wires. The ax is to be used to cut a fallen wire with one true swing only when all other rescue efforts with wooden poles, sticks, or dry rope have failed. In most cases, leave the cutting Never try to cut fallen wires without proper equipment. A long, dry rope can, however, be I• used to pull a fallen wire from a victim. Try to lift wire clear of victim while keeping i ~ of potentially dangerous wires on the some point, in contact with ground. Danger is reduced considerably this way. •

Sometimes a rope can be used to pull victim free from a vehicle or snarled, fallen wire. After ground to trained power company ~ victim is completely clear of wire, begin artificial resuscitation immediately. This is a mailer of life or death. Every second counts. linemen. The blankets, of course, are carried to keep a victim warm while artificial resuscitation is being admin• istered. Carbon dioxide and dry powder extinguishers, usually carried in police cars, also can be used safely • to fight electrical fires. , Lifting a Fallen Wire

Sometimes, a long, dry stick can be used to lift a fallen wire from a victim. " A garden rake at least 6 feet long will • answer the purpose. In any rescue attempt, you must • protect yourself; dead heroes aren't any good to anyone in trouble. Do not • rely, under any circumstances, on rub• ber boots, raincoats, rubber gloves, or • ordinary wirecutters to help protect you. Above all, do not touch the wa or allow even your clothing to to. the wire or the victim.

6 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin If ~ll A "Show" of Support

for Police

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T he problems confronting police A good police officer has to have a departments of cities and towns wide range of ability. In addition to across our ation have, in the past law enforcer, he has to be part lawyer, By few years, increased and become judge, doctor, marriage counselor, CARL E. RIVERS complex. Thought of mainly as major and more, because of the extremely Chief of Police, city problems because of the wide broad scope of his duties. In an Shelby, Ohio publicity metropolitan areas receive, average day it is not unusual for a they are nonetheless prevalent in policeman to make several arrests, is• smaller cities and towns, too. sue a dozen or more citations and Almost without exception, police warnings, help the young and old departments have been forced to face across streets, direct traffic, give first the brunt of these problems at a time aid, or even bring a baby into the when they are understaffed and inade· world. Since he is continually working quately equipped and trained to cope with people and looking out for their with them. There never seems to be safety, he must know how they will enough money to do the job properly, react in given situations. Except and even if funds are available, there through experience, this knowledge are always other complicating factors can only be acquired through many such as public apathy. If these prob• hours of training. Yet in Ohio, for ex• lems exist in large cities, one can read• ample, State law requires only 120 ily see how much more acute they can hours of formalized police schooling. be in small cities or towns with more This requirement seems particularly limited resource. incongruous when one realizes that

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a:17­;,l:; O-(Jt)--:! a beautician in our State must have who, with 32 years of service, retired for lobby display. Each had the . 1,500 hours of formal training. It shortly after the initial meeting, made dividual's name and the heading, has been proposed that our mandatory an excellent suggestion for use of the "Know Your Police." police training be increased to 260 show proceeds. They proposed estab• hours, but no formal legislative action lishing the Shelby Police Education Immediate Success has been taken in this regard. Fund to enable officers to take gen• eral, advanced, and specialized train· The show retained the traditional One Concerned Citizen ing courses. features of earlier productions includ· Shelby business and industrial lead· ing a chorus, jazz band, and slapstick .. One citizen in Shelby, Ohio, who ers responded 100 percent in favor of comedy. The script was structured is deeply cognizant of the value of the project and formed a committee around a light plot with individual ( proper law enforcement to the com• to sponsor the show and provide fi· performers playing character roles. A munity and the need for citizen nancial backing to cover production new musical comedy was horn, and it support of police is Mr. Reid M. costs. Participating were officials of was an immediate success. The 2• Pittenger, executive vice president 14 industries and financial institu· night full·house runs played to an ,. of Ohio Seamless Tube Division tions. The project was, perhaps, the audience of 1,450 persons. Adding this of Copperweld Steel Co. Some 4 first example in Shelby of total busi· number to the number of persons in months ago, he approached other ness and industry cooperation in sup· the cast and show production means Shelby business leaders and said, "Our port of police. that more than 15 percent of Shelby's police department suffers from low total population of 10,000 was either morale. The community at large has Historical Group directly or indirectly involved. little concern for law enforcement As a result of the show, more than ~ problems or for the individual offi• Mr. Julian W. Barnard, Jr., man• $2,600 was raised for the police edu- cer's problems. The police officers feel ager of public relations and advertis· cation fund. In addition, the promo- I• this deeply, and it adversely affects ing at Ohio Seamless Tube Division, tion surrounding the show meri. police attitudes and performance-• wrote an original three·act script en• recognition of the program by thereby reinforcing negative public titled "The Stirring Saga of Frankie National Conference of Christians " opinion. I propose to you that we re• and Johnny." To produce the show, and Jews, which offered to Shelby ~ verse this cycle by joining forces to Mr. Barnard reactivated the Shelby policemen scholarships to attend its sponsor a police public relations pro• Minstrelmen. Disbanded 11 years be· police institutes held at various times gram. This would have two major ob• fore, this group had a history of suc· of the year in different parts of the .,. jectives: To improve the public image cessful performances dating back to country. of the police and to improve the po• the 1890's. Mr. Barnard at one time liceman's image of himself." had been in show business as a writer, Education Fund performer, and musician and had writ• Benefit Show ten and directed previous shows for Expenditures from the police edu- • cation fund have enabled the Shelby Mr. Pittenger suggested an unusual the group. Because of its historical Poli~e Department to purchase a li• .. approach to the problem-business record, enthusiasm ran high. brary of 36 reference books covering and industry sponsorship of a police topics from juvenile delinquency to benefit show. A substantial number of Special Program arson. With tuition paid from the community members would be in• Soon almost 150 persons were at fund, two officers have been taking a "• volved as participants in the cast, work rehearsing, building scenery and correspondence course in advanced • chorus, stage crew, production, and props, making costumes, selling tick· fingerprint and identification train• direction of the show to demonstrate ing from the Institute of Applied to police the willingness of many citi• ets, and preparing promotion. The zens to take positive action in their program was to be an important Science, and one officer took an ad- < behalf. The fact that the show would feature. Designed as a souvenir book• vanced course in the care and raise funds for use by the police de• let, it included several pages de• handling of the sick and injured. At- ~ partment was secondary to the main voted to the Shelby Police Department ten dance at more training schools is purpose. with individual pictures of the offi• planned. • Shelby Mayor Raymond M. Wil• cers. In addition, enlarged photo• Throughout our country tod kinson and Police Chief Leroy Coffey, graphs of the officers were prepared many people talk about a gap between ..

8 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Shelby police know that they have the full support of all citizens, young and old alike, as a result of the business­ and industry­sponsored police benefit show.

.. the public and police. However, there is no gap in Shelby, for each officer now knows that the citizens are "Police protection in a community can IJe only as effec• 7 behind him 100 percent as a result of tive as the residents demand and support. The duties of our successful community project. apprehending dangerous criminals, initiating crime pre• All problems of the Shelby Police vention measures, and solving offenses rightly IJelong to • Department have not been solved or law enforcement agencies. The responsibility of keeping eliminated, but at this time relations the local police a{!ency strong enough to discharge these between the public and the police obligations, however, certainly falls upon each citizen, cidc )0 have taken on a new awareness, and leader, local government official, lJUsinessman, and incli• cooperation between the two is im· ~ vidual concerned with the welfare 0 IIlS. rommu1llty. . " pressive and stimulating. f ­J. Edgar Hoover, Director, FBI .. If a community project to improve August 1, 1959 M lic support for police worked in W lby, Ohio, perhaps it might work ~ in your town or city, too.

, ~ May 1969 9 DANGEROUS • , ENHNiliONs (

~ Traffic ~ ~CACC~ ~ ~~ ~ Accidents ~I cliCK.. ...

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By DAN F. SCHUTZ. Director, Bureau of Highway Safety Pro- motion, Division of Motor Vehicles, ... Wisconsin Department of Transpor- tation, and how they can Madison, Wis. be BROKEr~

*Thi. article i. reprinted through the cou".._ 1he Wisconsin Dt'pnrtmr­nt o( Tranllportalion. Ma(H· .. son. Wi8. ... , 10 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Some people will not take time to read this article. But YOUR reading it could save THEM from having an acci- dent in which YOU could become involved.

R w accidents have just one cause. traffic laws has nothing to do with ety of possible accident combinations, Usually there are three or four accidents. Thus we have the fellow here are a few real­life (or death) recognizable factors making up what who is thought of, or who thinks of examples which seem to occur over we can call an ACCIDE T COMBI- himself, as a "fast driver, but a good and over again: NATION. Thus, the crashes, colli- driver." sions, bumps, and scrapes with which Accident Combination No. we are so familiar are not pure "acci- Fatal Moment .. THE SLIDER" dents" at all, but "culminations." - If you can take away one or two To the speeder who zips by us on ~&9! ~ ---...... ;~~- critical ingredients from a potential the highway, everything seems fine accident combination, the combina- right up until the fatal moment of sur- tion will be broken and won't "cul- prise when circumstances converge to minate" in an "accident." trap him in his own inability to stop T ypical Ingredients in time or to slip safely past trouble • Rainy weather. .. which he otherwise could easily have "Combination" View • Treadless and under­inflated avoided . • tires on car. This "combination" view of acci- On the other hand, the combination • Steep roadside ditch. dent causation explains why it is pos- theory also explains why individuals • Driver in a hurry. sible to break a traffic law now and with a record of violations tend to then­and sometimes even to compile have more than their share of acci- a considerable record of traffic law dents over the long run. Accident How the Combination Works violations­and still escape accident elements looking for accident combi- Smooth, soft tires "hydroplane" on .,olvement, at least temporarily. It nations to fit into are rarely long wet pavement at otherwise manage- . y even seem, to the practicing disappointed in today's heavy traffic. speeder, for example, that ignoring Out of the infinite number and vari- (Continued on page 22)

May 1969 11 "The mobile crime labora• tory unit is designed to re• spond immediately to fast• breaking major cases and to begin searching and proc• essing potential evidence."

By Each mobile crime labo,atory truck is fully equipped for Dro"ess.na SGT. CHARLES C. SAMEN Mobile Crime Section, Metropolitan Police Department, Washington, D.C. Mini-Lab on

In recent years the thrust of Supreme ment, in keeping with the proven value Court cases limiting the use of po· of quick evaluation of crime scenes, lice questioning and the admission of commenced designing two van-type confessions has forced police to be trucks as mobile crime laboratories to more dependent on technology in respond immediately to major cases proving cases. The Metropolitan Po• and begin searching and processing .. lice Department, Wa hington, D.C., potential evidence of crime. While in along with many other departments the planning stages, we contacted a in the country, has moved to meet this number of manufacturers of scientifla challenge by expanding its activities technical equipment and purchas. in this area. In May 1967 our depart- the most modern apparatus on the

12 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin productions of tire impressions, shoe- Five technicians assigned to the prints, and tool impressions. identification section form the nucleus 4. Combination Seminal Fluid Test Kit.- of this new unit. Each of these men, For field test for presence of semen stains. an expert in fingerprints and photog- 5. Retrieving Magnet. raphy, attended an FBI­conducted 6. Shoeprint and Tire­Casting Kit.­For specialized school on searching for making plaster of paris reproductions and preserving physical evidence. of tire impressions and shoeprints. After the men completed this course 7. Metal Locator.­For detecting metal ob· jects in grass and wooded areas. of study, the department officially in- 8. Portable Generator and Three SOO­Wau stituted the mobile crime laboratory Floodlights With 200 Feet 0/ Extension unit on January 28, 1968. Cord. 9. Complete Latent Fingerprint Kit.­In- eludes Polaroid CU- 5 fingerprint cam- Processing of Evidence era. 10. Metal Number Restoration Kit. Presently all evidence is collected. H. Complete Photography Outfit.­Includes wrapped, and labeled as soon as cameras and lenses which enable tech- possible after discovery and returned, nicians to take closeup photographs by the mobile laboratory, to the down to 9 inches. precinct office, where it is evaluated. 12. Identi·Kit.­For making composites of suspects. Each mobile unit is actually a minia- 13. Paraffin Test Kit. ture laboratory on wheels containing 14. Miscellaneous Tools. equipment to process evidence and to 15. Two Aluminum Ladders. commence analytic procedures while After obtaining this equipment, we it is fresh. The emphasis on the time designed special cabinets to house it element is necessary since some types and installed them in trucks. We in- of evidence, such as blood or seminal cluded a small writing desk and chair fluids, have a tendency to change so technicians would have a working composition if exposed to warm area to run field tests at crime scenes. temperatures. Such fluids must be

Officer­technicians working in a mobile laboratory run field tests on evidence.

r • market. The following list includes a portion of the equipment obtained and stored in each mobile van for use by technicians at crime scenes: 1. Master Blood Test Kit.­For running field tests for presence of human blood. 2. Master Evidence Collection Kit.­Con- tains evidence­collecting vacuum sweep- er, ultraviolet light, microscope, and A miscellaneous articles for searching, re- W covering, and preserving evidence. 3. Moulage Kit.­For making plastic reo

May 1969 13 Using a metal locator during a crime scene search, a police technician fonds possible evidence in a grassy area.

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quickly delivered to the department where recovered. Any photographs along with the latent fingerprints and laboratory and refrigerated to prevent taken are described therein. photograph negatives. The jacket is deterioration. Once the evidence has The procedural checkoff chart is a then filed under the type of crime, been evaluated at the precinct office, guideline that technicians follow from according to the mobile crime labora• it is tran ported to more complete the instant they arrive at the scene tory job number and date. toring .. laboratory facilities, where further ex• until the entire case investi gation is aminations are made. completed. It lists the proper equence to be followed, uch a roping off the Specialized Forms area, latent proce , photographs, measurement ketche , and other In order for the technicians a • pertinent step. igned to the mobile crime laboratory The upplementary report is a to relay their finding at crime cenes progress report on all additional ex• to the investigating unit, we designed aminations conducted by technician the folIolI ing specialized forms: an in the office. evidence report, a procedural check• The crime scene diagram contains ofT chart, a upplementary report, and cale sketches to be used for the a crime scene diagram. interior and exterior of each crime The evidence report is prepared, in cene. rough, at the scene and indicates the Once the form have been com• 4 type of evidence and exact location pleted, they are placed in a file jacket, Chief John B. layton.

14 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Aerial photographs, made by technicians assigned to the mobile crime section of the department, are excellent for determining escape routes.

all pertinent information on every process all crime scenes. Therefore, identified latent prints rose substan- case investigated in one file insures the department decided to train tially. Now that the program has security and ready accessibility to patrol officers in one­man cars to proved to be successful, additional .. authorized personnel. process crime scenes in certain types patrol officers have been recruited to of cases. Precinct commanders were participate. Aerial Photography requested to participate in the experi- One of the technicians assigned to mental program by sending selected the mobile laboratory designed an Recently, the technicians assigned officers to special courses designed by attache case containing all the neces- to the mobile crime laboratory have the mobile laboratory in conjunction sary equipment for conducting minor undertaken aerial photography in with the trammg division. The crime scene searches. After obtaining major cases when requested by the selected officers were trained in lift- the approval of the Assistant Chief for • investigating unit. These aerial photo- ing latent prints and basic crime scene Technical Services, Charles L. Wright, graphs are excellent for determining technology. They were then issued r and Chief of Police John B. Layton, routes of escape. As information is basic equipment and sent into the laboratory technicians initially pur- • received, a technician can place a field to do latent fingerprint work chased 100 cases, referred to as physi- plastic overlay of an aerial shot over along with their other police func- cal evidence kits. To date, we have is- a city map and trace the general direc- tions. At first the quality of the latent sued kits to 200 patrol officers and tion taken by fleeing suspects. prints was inferior, but as the officers trained them to use the kits properly. M'rom the mobile crime laboratory's developed experience, the prints im- At present, when a uniformed patrol W eption, it was obvious that this unit proved. Within 3 months the percent- officer, untrained in processing latent could not possibly respond to and age of cases closed as a result of (Continued on page 23)

May 1969 15 INVESTIGATORS' AIDS

iC ~adio cut tree itself. Trees without these Homemade pottt I 3) indicators are not to be cut by the WfD ~tL-L (b3.YJ9¥J-J: ~- 6­ t 9 . buyer. Rangers have discovered situa• Police in the Nation's Capital re• which was covered by a cosmetics bag. tions in which the purchaser applies cently received information that a Extending from the bottom of the bag similar markings to trees not desig• car occupied by three men contained were the volume control and other nated by the rangers and then pro• various implements that were used to tuning knobs and a small antenna. ceeds to cut these trees. . ~ commit a crime. Power for the unit was provided by To detect these violations, the ,. Shortly afterward, officers arrested the automobile battery. A regular rangers have used a paint containing a the occupants and found the follow• electric appliance cord, attached to radioactive chemical. Inspecting the ing: ski masks, three loaded revolvers, the radio, plugged into the cigarette tree markings with a Geiger counter, a pair of gloves, rope, a flashlight, one lighter. the rangers readily can determine canister of tear gas, and an unusual Police officers commented that the which trees have been illegally cut. homemade radio. reception on the radio, which easily The most interesting item recovered picked up the local police channels, was the compact transistor radio was excellent. NEW FIRE ALARM SYSTE_

A new voice alarm communications t system developed and installed by the • Denver, Colo., Fire Department has attracted interest among fire officials throughout the country. The new plan uses the principles of an advanced public address unit extending into each firehouse throughout the city. It supplants the vocal alarm system which previously used direct tele- • phone lines from the headquarters fire ~ dispatcher to each station in the city. A major advantage over the direct Covered by a cosmetics bag, the radio had Power was obtained from the automobile line system is that the public address • volume control and other tuning knobs ex• battery by plugging a regular electric ap• unit simultaneously informs all fire· • tending from the bottom. A small antenna also pliance cord attached to the radio, into the protruded from the bag. cigarette lighter receptacle. men of the location of the fire regard• less of their location in the station. • The group of electronics and com• munications experts who developed TIMBER IDENTIFICATION The United States sells timber from the network are planning a project of • I During a recent investigation con• its forests to interested buyers, and the closed-circuit telephone systems link- .. cerning the theft of government prop• trees to be cut are marked with paint. ing firehouses and police stations J erty in a national forest in the Mid• A mark is placed at the base of the throughout the city. Their hope is to +J west, a forest ranger related to Federal tree and another is put higher on the bring about further coordination _ investigators the kind of problem con• tree. When a tree is cut, the marking tween the two depa. rtments in d~.r. I front' g the overnment.. I A. will appear on the stump and on the i~refighting 0ECrations( IJ . ... _ ...... ''''''''' ' pL tA~ 'JlA1..~ 0 .~-KJ) " 16 ~r (/PJ- L/;?t- .)-:2) r: FBI Law Enforcement Bullet ' O/)jf-b~ Lb 3- '1:;.96 -/3) j:t-3/J ~ tf O n July 7, 1968, the President signed into law the Bank Protection Act of 1968. This law required the Federal banking supervisory agencies to set up rules establishing minimum standards with respect to the installa· Photographs help by highlighting the unusual attire worn by some robbers. tion, maintenance, and operation of security devices and procedures in banking institutions. These devices are to be reasonable in cost, and the provisions of the Act are designed to discourage bank robberies, burglaries, Improving and larcenies and to assist in tne Bank identification and apprehension of persons who commit these crimes. Under the Act the security proce· dures implemented by the various Security banking institutions will be regulated by four Federal supervisory agencies. The institutions and their supervising agency are as follows : For nationally chartered banks and banks Regulations issued by Federal banking supervisory located in the Di trict of Columbia­The Comptroller of the Currency; agencies to implement the Bank Protection Act of 1968 For State­chartered banks which are require banks to consult with law enforcement officers. members of the Federal Reserve System• This article discusses how law enforcement agencies can The Federal Reserve System; fulfill their responsibilities under this Act. For State banks whi ch are not members of the Federal Reservp- System but the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation• The Federal Deposit Insurance Corpora• tion; and

• May 1969 17 law enforcement agencies to fur. competent information. In the past informal discussions about security devices have been held with banking officials; however, the new Act will require a more formal approach. Law enforcement agencies can ex- pect that banking institutions will be contacting them for specific informa- tion and guidance. Two of the four supervisory agencies require that each An "average" man in an bank's files contain a readily avail- "average" business suit with an "average" hat able record showing the name{s) and wearing "average" and title (s) of the law enforcement shoes is difficult for most witnesses to describe . officer{s) whose advice the security Most of the time, a picture officer sought. of the robber in action does a much better job. Banks' Responsibilities

Each bank security officer is re- quired to consider a number of fac­ ,.. tors when deciding what security de­ I• vices are appropriate for his bank. These include: 1. The incidence of crime against e banking office and/or against finan- cial institutions in the area in which ~ a banking office is or will be located; ,. 2. The amount of currency or other valuables exposed to robbery, bur- For Federal savings and loan associations around the vault if the vault i visible glary, or larceny; and in titutions the accounts of which are from outside the bank office. 3. The distance of each banking office insured by the Federal Savings and Loan 2. Tamper­re i tant locks on exterior from the neare t responsible lawen- Insurance Corporation­The Federal doors and exterior windows designed forcement officers and the time reo Home Loan Bank Board. to be opened; quired for these officers ordinarily On January 16, 1969, the four su- 3. An alarm ystem or other appropriate to arrive at the banking office; device for promptly notifying the 4. The cost of the security devices; • pervi ory agencies published their re- nearest re pon ible law enforcement 5. Other security measure in effect; quirement in the Federal Regi ter. officers of an attempted or perpetrated and ~ The requirements are sub tantially robbery or burglary; and 6. The physical characteristics of each the same and affect approximately 4. uch other devices a the ecurity banking office tructure and its 37,000 banking institutions. officer, after seeking the advice of urroundings. law enforcement officers, shall de· termine to be appropriate for dis· The fir t and third considerations Requireme.nts couraging robberie~, burglaries, and listed above repre ent subjects on ~isting larcenies and for a in the which law enforcemeut agencies will 4 One major requirement of the reg- identification and apprehension of be consulted. per ons who commit such act. ulations is that each bank must des- Of important interest to each ignate a security officer who is to A significant aspect of these re- banker will be crime in his particular • survey the need for ~ecurity devices quirements, one which directly in- neighborhood as opposed to crime in ~ and by January 1, 1970, provide for volves the banker­law enforcement the entire city or metropolitan area. the installation, maintenance, and relationship, is the provi ion that All available data obtainable in this • operation of: every bank must con ult with law en- regard should be furnished to • 1. A lighting system for illuminating rorcement officers. Thi tipulation security officer. Crime in the c during the hours of darkness the area places an important respon ibility on munity where a bank is located will ...

18 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin • 1 0UbLedly be one of the major con- devices at least equivalent Lo the pro- ing bell, or other device that is audible siderations in deLermining whaL se- tection that is described in an appen- inside the banking office and for a curiLy device will be installed. In this dix to the regulations. Of particular distance of approximately 500 feet regard, the regulaLions specifically inLerest to law enforcemenL officers is outside the bank, should be installed. state thaL it is appropriaLe for banking Lhe fact that one of the standards spec- offices in areas wiLh a high incidence ified in the appendix calls for a rob- Formal Procedure of crime Lo insLall many devices which bery alarm for each banking office to will not be pracLical, because of costs, "hich the police can ordinarily arrive Many banks will be investing a con- for small banking offices in areas sub- within 5 minutes after an alarm is siderable amount of money in pro- stantially free of crimes against finan- activated. Such an alarm, according tective devices and procedures in cial inSLituLions. to the regulations, should be designed order to comply with both the spirit to transmit to the police directly, or and intent of these regulaLions. They Security Devices through an intermediary, a signal in- will be seeking competent information dicating that a robbery has occurred from law enforcement officers. De- Under the Act and under the regu- or is in progress. pending on their size, the number of ~ laLions issued by the supervisory The appendix similarly sLaLes that banks in their jurisdiction, and other agencies, law enforcement does not a burglary alarm system should be factors, many departments may want have the respon ibility to decide what designed to transmit to the police, to establish a formal procedure for securiLy devices or procedures banks eiLher directly or through an inter- handling these requests. It may be should install. These decisions are to mediary, a signal indicating that such desirable to refer all bankers to a cer- """' be made by the banks and are subject an attempt is in progress. In the case tain officer or officers who specialize to change by the banking regulatory of a banking office at which the police in investigating armed robberies or agencies. ordinarily cannot arrive within 5 min- burglaries. Each bank must consider the ap- utes after an alarm is activaLed, the While some of the information that e Priateness of installing security appendix specifies that a loud­sound- law enforcement will be giving to

A full­face shot of individuals as they leave the building can be of great help in the investigation of bank robberies.

.

• A wide­angle shot showing the rel ative posi tion of person s present du ri ng a robbery is hel pful in clari fying details. banks may be opinions based on ex• port to bankers in order to avoid any camera capable of taking a good pic• perience, the well-organized police de• po sible misunderstandings in the ture during a robbery. However, be• partment hould also be able to future as to what pecific data and cause the camera has been installed furnish orne pecific figures concern• adl ice were given by the law enforce• by apparently untrained personnel ing crimes against financial institu• men Lofficer. \\'ho did not take into consideration tions in the area of the inquiring For many years the FBI has advo• the nece ary aspects of lighting_ angle bank. Likewise, it should be possible cated the in tallation of security de• of len, etc., the photograph obtained to accurately estimate the time re• vice by banks. Hidden cameras have i of poor quality. quired to arrive at a banking office in been of particular assistance to law response to an alarm system. Since all enforcement in solving robberies. An• Exchange of Information inquiring bank will be seeking the other significant security device is the same type of information, police de• silenL alarm to be activated while a s an aid to avoiding inefficient partment may find a standard pro• robbery i in progress. Oftentime ,this ecu ri ty device . bankers hould be cedure for upplying the data delice will enable police officer to encouraged to freely exchange infor• advantageou . arrive at the cene in time to appre• mation Ilith each other. Al 0, the de• hend the robbers as they are leaving vice installed should be regularly W ritten R ecord the bank. inspected and serviced. Of equal im• portance, employees should be Lrained Many of the banks will maintain Proper Installation in how to activate the system. Em• a record of their discussions with law ployee training in holdup procedures enforcement officers for review by While bankers shQuld be encour• is a peci fic requirement of the bank examiner. It eem only pru• aged Lo in tall these devices, they regulations. .. dent for la\\ enforcement agencies to hould al 0 be cautioned about ineffi• The FBI did not prepare the Ba. keep a imilar record. It may even cienL system . Furthermore, in some ProtecLion Act regulation and i n be de irable to submit a written re• in tances a bank has purchased a re ponsible for the administration of

20 FBI Law En fo rce ment Bulletin • LAW ENFORCEMENT DAY FOR SCOUTS

In December 1968 the city of Balti• more held a Law Enforcement Day for Boy Scouts in the area. Cooperat• ing in this project were the FBI, the city and county police, and the Balti• more Junior and Senior Bar Associa• tions. Approximately 1,500 Scouts and their leaders participated in the I-day function. Moot court was held and various boys were picked as jurors and witnesses. A tour of the Baltimore City Police Department was part of the program, which included speakers from the various law enforcement agencies. The initial program was well re• ceived by the Boy Scouts, and plans are being made to hold a similar func• tion in 1969. l ~' t.~ .~~.J) ) /; - -I:);; - tP CITIZEN'S ARREST

An exclusive area of a west coast county was plagued with a series of daylight burglaries until the heroic efforts of a housewife led to the arrest of a man and woman responsible for the crimes. The story of their capture was related by local authorities in this manner: A male and female drove near the home which they planned to A change in the position of the camera plus adequate lighting will often improve the quality of burglarize and parked their car. The photographs which tend to be dark or fuzzy. r man went to the door, but no one ~ answered. He returned to the car to obtain the necessary tools and equip• - . them. We do, however, hope that these creased to 2,658. regulations, when fully implemented, Every bank and savings and loan ment to gain entry into the house. The will be of assistance to all law enforce• association under the Bank Protection burglar went back to the house and ment officers in reducing the ever• Act must comply with the regulations entered, only to find that the lady of increasing number of assaults on fi• issued by one of the four banking the house was indeed at home and was .. nancial institutions. supervisory agencies. Since one of the holding a gun on him. She ordered As a matter of comparison, during principal objectives of these regula• him to sit on the floor while she called calendar year 1958 a total of 704 vio• tions is to assist law enforcement in her husband who was nearby. He re• ~ lations of the Federal Bank Robbery the identification and apprehension of turned and apprehended the female , AI Incidental Crimes Statute oc• individuals who prey on banks, law accomplice who was sitting in the car. Wrred. Ten years later-calendar year enforcement should take an active The police were called and took the ;. 1968-the number of violations in- part in assisting banks in this matter. ;::t'~,l~ May 1969 lb3A.29t- ja) 1:7- / ';.:$2' TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS collisions sometimes involve more ugly combination ought to be Chang' than 20 vehicles at a time! Alcohol abuse can be just as danger- (Continued from page 11) ous for a pedestrian as for a driver. able speed. The speeding car slides out Not only should pedestrians main- of control. The ditch is too steep to How To Prevent It tain reasonable sobriety, but they permit recovery or escape (or an on- should wear light­colored clothing or coming car is too close to prevent a This chain, too, can be broken. Not reflective material after dark. Drivers head­on crash). by eliminating the roadblock ahead ought to reduce their speed on hard- (you don't even know it's there yet). to­see nights. It should be remembered ot by getting that following driver How To Break the Combination that although the hours after mid- off your back (as badly as you wish night aren't heavily traveled, they do An accident combination is broken you could). But simply by falling back produce a high percentage of traffic by taking away one or more of its a bit and giving yourself more fol- fatalities. parts. In this case, stopping the rain lowing distance as a matter of regular Such precautions as these, aimed at can't be done; and the improvement practice. Then, when the drivers up breaking up a very dangerous com- of roadside characteristics may not ahead start hitting their panic brakes, bination, are vital to safety. always be immediately feasible. you'Il have time to pump your brakes Improved accident reporting tech- But tires can be checked . . . re- to a safe, smooth stop­warning those niques and data processing capa- placed . . . kept properly inflated! behind, and breaking the accident bilities may soon make it possible to Driving speed can be controlled! chain. define the most frequent and deadly These simple but necessary precau- Be a Chain-breaker! accident combinations with scientific tions could break up many skidding precision. In the meantime, trouble- combinations and prevent their pain- Fatal Combination No. some combinations can be spotted and ful and tragic consequences. .. THE KNOCKDOWN" anticipated by observing and thought- ful drivers. , Crash Combination No. While we may not know exac what the elements of the next accident "THE CRUNCHER" combination will be, we do know that --~-~ - \/~ most crash situations contain ingre- * Ingredients -~_&o4)p?dt dients like: Speed too fast for condi- • The darkne s of an after­mid- tions, intoxication, drug abuse, dark- ness, inattention, following too closely, Ingredients night hour. • A man with a blood­alcohol lane­hopping, passing on a hill, an • Fast, heavy freeway traffic. level of .20­plus trying to cross improper turn, a missed stop sign, ,.. • A tailgating driver behind the street or walk along the exhaustion, slow­poke driving, tire ~ you. highway. failure, a worn tie rod end, a broken • Too little space between you • An approaching driver, push- brake line. and the car ahead. ing or exceeding the speed limit. It is possible that at any given time • An unexpected road block- any single factor named may by itself result in no great harm. But then, 'r age. Foreseeable Results suddenly, in unanticipated combina­ _ tion with other conjoining circum- W hat Could Happen The walker i in no condition to protect himself_ The darkne reduces stance : another fatal crash! At the road obstruction, topped the driver' ability to ee. The dark- Could orne habit or practice of traffic backs up rapidly. Suddenly the clothed pedestrian e cape the driver's your , or some neglected defect in driver ahead hits his brakes hard. notice until the last moment. The car your vehicle, or some ignored char­ • A split­second later, 0 do you, the is moving too fa t to permit the driver acteri tic of the treets and highways", foIlowing driver has no time to to top or avoid fatal contact. you travel, be even now contributing do much braking. Result: a screech- to a developing crash combination? .. ing, crunching chain collision, com- What To Do About It plete with broken grills, caved­in e trunk , and whip­lashed necks. uch everal of the ingredients of this Help break it up!

22 FB I Law Enforcement Bulletin • e MOBILE CRIME LAB (Continued from page 15)

prints, responds to a scene and estab- lishes that a crime has been com- mitted, he contacts the office of the mobile crime laboratory unit by land- line and reports the type of offense discovered. If the offense falls within the scope of the precinct latent print man, the clerk in the office advises the police dispatcher to send an available unit. After the scene has been proc- essed, the clerk is notified of the results and indicates same in the run book. If latent prints are recovered, they are forwarded by departmental mail and placed in the file under the type of offense. It is the goal of the mobile crime laboratory unit that every crime scene be searched properly for possible Attache cases containing all the necessary equipment for conducting minor crime scene searches have been issued to 200 patrol officers of the department. physical evidence. Personnel assigned to the mobile achieve the highest degree of profi- terest, such as the bombing at the .ttake great pride in the important ciency. They have recently played Russian Embassy and the civil disor- W lCtions they perform and strive to major roles in cases of national in­ der in Washington in April 1968.

"HOT CHECK" CAMPAIGN

The Las Cruces, N. Mex., Police De- cuted, is found guilty, the court may a sealed envelope or other protec- partment has distributed to all local order him to make restitution in the tive cover. This tends to preserve businessmen a "hot check" bulletin in- amount of the checks as a condition of any latent fingerprints which might forming them of the procedures in- his probation, but this order is in no be on the check. volved in the prosecution of passers way influenced by the police depart- 2. Determine as soon as possible who of worthless checks. ment. actually accepted the check and " The bulletin gives guidelines which Several factors, the bulletin states, who else may have seen the check- should be followed before any investi- determine what action can be taken passer. This action will aid the in- gative action can be taken. In the first with regard to an individual check. vestigation and may save a great Prescribed action covering postdated, deal of time. The offender must place, the businessmen are reminded "hold," "payment on account," "in- be identified positively for any that the police department does not, sufficient funds," "account closed," criminal prosecution. under any circumstances, collect bad r "no account," and forged checks is 3. Notify the police as soon as a checks. Rather, the sole purpose of its explained. In each instance, the busi- check is returned. Although there • investigation is to determine whether nessmen are told exactly what the po- is a lO­day grace period before the the matter warrants filing a criminal police can proceed with criminal .. lice can and cannot do_ charge, and, if it does, to initiate that action, they can still begin looking The official statement concludes action in the court holding jurisdic- for the person and find out how wi th three tips about returned checks: en over the offense. The notice points many other checks he may have out that if the defendant, when prose- 1. Always place a returned check in passed.

May 1969 23 upper left e "BLACKIE" on left WANTED BY THE FBI forearm, and "BLACK JACK" on left leg. Occupations ______Baker, orderly. FBI No ______13,715 B. Fingerprint classification: 11 S 1 R­r 5 S 1 U-r Ref: T R T T T U

- Notify the FBI Any person having information which might assist in locating this fugitive is requested to notify imme- diately the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Depart- ment of Justice, Washington, D.C. 20535, or the Special Agent in Charge of the nearest FBI field office, the telephone number of which appears .. JACKIE EDWARD LONGGOOD, also known as: Jack Edward Longgood, on the first page of most local Jack Edward Longood. directories.

Interstate Flight-Armed Robbery, Breaking and Entering, Grand Larceny. TOPICS TOPICS is an acronym for the Traf- fic Operations Program for Increasing Jackie Edward Longgood is pres- Description Capacity and Safety, a Federal pro- ently being sought by the FBI for un- gram aimed at reducing congestion, ~ lawful interstate flight to avoid Age ______37, born March 17, speeding up the flow of traffic, and confinement after convICtIOn for 1932, Charleston, improving safety in urban areas. armed robbery, breaking and enter- W. Va. New guidelines issued recently by • Height ______6 feet 1 inch. ing, and grand larceny. the Bureau of Public Roads state that On December 15, 1967, Longgood Weight ______205 to 210 pounds. Build ______Medium. cities with a population of 5,000 or escaped from a branch of the Marion Hair ______Brown, hairline reced­ more will be eligible for a share of t . Correctional Institution in Marion, ing. $200 million which is expected to be Ohio, where he had been serving an Eyes ______Brown. made available in 1970 and 1971 un• po. 11- to 25­year sentence. A Federal Complexion ______Dark. der the program. Priority will be given • Race ______White. warrant for his arrest wa is ued on to large urban areas where traffic con- Nationality ______American. February 9, 1968, at Toledo, Ohio. ge tion is most critical. Assistance Longgood has previou ly been con- cars and marks___ Scars on left side of forehead, bridge of from TOPIC will only be rendered , victed of burglary and a sault. nose, and back of where there is area­wide traffic im- neck; scars on right provement planning. • Caution wrist and right leg; As a growing program, TOPICS .. In view of the cnmes for which numerous tattoos in- offers Federal help where State high- cluding figure of Longgood has been convicted, he way departments are willing to par- Woody Woodpecker should be considered armed and on right forearm, ticipate, although there is no spee dangerous. nude woman on sum allocated.

24 FBI Law Enforc ement Bulletin . - FBI Bulletin Receives Award

cabruary 22, 1969, the Freedoms Found'ation at Valley Forge, Pa., honored the FBI by awarding The Principal Award for 1968 Govern• • • ...1 Unit Activity to the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin "for outstand ing achievement in bringing about a better understanding of the Ameri• ,. can way of life." Pictured above is the encased George Washington Gold Medal representing this honor. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FEDERAL. BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION WASHINGTON. D .C . 20535 OFFICIAL BUSINESS POSTAGE AND FEES PAID RETURN AFTER 5 DAYS FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

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