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Development of Geographical Institutions in India

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Governing Council of the Indian Geographical Society President: Prof. N. Sivagnanam Vice Presidents: Dr. B. Hema Malini Dr. Sulochana Shekhar Dr. Smita Bhutani Dr. Subhash Anand Dr. Aravind Mulimani General Secretary: Dr. R. Jaganathan Joint Secretaries: Dr. R. Jagankumar Dr. S. Sanjeevi Prasad Dr. G. Geetha Treasurer: Dr. G. Bhaskaran Council Members: Prof. P.S. Tiwari Dr. M. Sakthivel Dr. V. Emayavaramban Dr. B. Srinagesh Dr. Dhanaraj Gownamani Dr. B. Mahalingam Ms. S. Eswari Member Nominated to the Executive Committee from the Council: Prof. P.S. Tiwari Editor: Prof. K. Kumaraswamy Assistant Editor: Dr. K. Balasubramani Authors, who wish to submit their manuscripts for publication in the Indian Geographical Journal, are most welcome to send them to the Editor only through e-mail: [email protected] Authors of the research articles in the journal are responsible for the views expressed in them and for obtaining permission for copyright materials. For details and downloads visit: www.igschennai.org | geography.unom.ac.in/igs Information to Authors The Indian Geographical Journal is published half-yearly in June and December by The Indian Geographical Society, Chennai. The peer reviewed journal invites manuscripts of original research on any geographical field providing information of importance to geography and related disciplines with an analytical approach. The manuscript should be submitted only through the Editor’s e-mail: [email protected] The manuscript should be strictly ordered as follows: Title page, author(s) name, affiliation, designation, e-mail ID and telephone number, abstract, keywords, text (Introduction, Study Area, Methodology, Results and Discussion, Conclusion), Acknowledgements, References, Tables and Figures. You may refer IGS website (www.igschennai.org | geography.unom.ac.in/igs) for reference. The title should be brief, specific and amenable to indexing. Not more than five keywords should be indicated separately; these should be chosen carefully and must not be phrases of several words. Abstract and summary should be limited to 100 words and convey the main points of the study, outline the results and conclusions and explain the significance of the results. Maps and charts should be submitted in the final or near-final form in JPEG format. The authors should however agree to revise the maps and charts for reproduction after the article is accepted for publication. Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and it is informed that IGS will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. Acknowledgements of people, grants, funds etc. should be placed in a separate section before the reference list. The names of funding organisations should be written in full. References should be listed in alphabetical order as per MLA format. The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. The manuscripts should be accompanied with a letter stating that it has not been published or sent for publication to any other journal and that it will not be submitted elsewhere for publication. For details and downloads visit: www.igschennai.org | geography.unom.ac.in/igs The Indian Geographical Journal Contents Page Volume - 95 Number - 1 June, 2020 No. Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Hyderabad - Kalpana Markandey 1-21 Geospatial Based Cross-Examination of Deforestation, Groundwater and Desertification 22-34 Process - The Situation in the Gundlupet Taluk, Karnataka, India - Arun Das S., Umakanth, Sushanth Sawant, Koichi Kimoto, Chandrashekara Y.P., Harsha B.S. and Venugopal The Relation of Happiness and Life Satisfaction with Income Over Space and Time in 35-61 India: Subjective Well-Being Within, Between and Across States - Lakshmanasamy T. The Urban Challenge: Provisioning of Basic Services in Notified and Non-Notified Slums 62-75 of India - Anuradha Banerjee, Joydeep Saha and Dinabandhu Mondal GIS Based Spatial Access to Pediatrician Services - A Case Study of Selected Municipal 76-87 Circles of Hyderabad - Srikanth Katta Population Trends in Mangrove Forest in the Godavari Delta, East Coast of India 88-94 - Hema Malini B., Demudu G., Ananda Ratna Kumar K. and Nageswara Rao K. Composite Indicators in Evaluating the Patterns of Regional Development in Kongu 95-110 Uplands, Tamil Nadu, India - Jasim H.R. and Kumaraswamy K. Assessment of Land Degradation Through Geospatial Technology in Kodavanar 111-122 Watershed, a Part of Amaravathi Basin, Tamil Nadu - Prawin B. and Masilamani P. Mapping the Management Practices of Domestic E-Waste: A Case Study of West Delhi - 123-135 Shitika Bhatia, Subhash Anand, Virendra Nagarale and Om Jee Ranjan Spatial Analysis of Crimes in Tiruchirappalli City, Tamil Nadu - Mary Santhi P. and 136-146 Balaselvakumar S. Reviews The Vulnerable Andaman and Nicobar Islands - A Study of Disasters and Responses 147-150 (Punam Tripathi) - Srikumar Chattopadyay Mapping Place Names of India (Anu Kapur) - Nagaraj H. 151-153 Archives An Appeal to the Universities of India for Considering the Position of Geography as a Science (Volume XVI, 1941, pp.33-41) 154 -164 Advertisement in the Journal (Volume XVI, 1941, p.115) News and Notes (Volume XVI, 1941, pp.105-108) News and Notes Results of 10th IGS Talent Test - 2020 165 Announcement of IGS National Online Meet on Development of Geographical 166-168 Institutions in India, 4-7, September 2020 The Indian Geographical Journal Volume 95 (1) June - 2020, pp 1-21 ISSN 0019-4824 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF HYDERABAD Kalpana Markandey Department of Geography, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract With increasing urbanization, the amount of solid waste generated is multiplying multifold. The type of waste also reflects the level of development of the society and its cultural attainment. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is produced from residential, commercial, industrial and institutional activities. The proportion of waste production is an indicator of socio-economic affluence of the area. Higher standards of living lead to higher consumption and greater generation of waste. The solid waste generated and its composition is impacted by socioeconomic factors like the average family size, number of rooms, monthly income, and employment status. This paper is an attempt at examining the solid waste generation scenario in Hyderabad vis a vis other city of the world or the average Indian situation. It has been found that larger families generate less solid waste compared to smaller ones. The work of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) is examined in handling the solid waste. The municipal solid waste is examined over a temporal perspective, Waste composition, physical characteristics of waste, capacity of transfer stations, weight of garbage and waste generated per head per locality are studied as also the disposal of solid waste and loss of Municipal solid waste. Keywords: Municipal solid waste , Waste composition, Characteristics of waste, Transfer stations, Waste generated per head Introduction Urbanisation, industrialization and a consumer-oriented society lead to rising levels of Solid Waste generation. With increasing urbanization, the amount of solid waste generated is multiplying multifold. The type of waste also reflects the level of development of the society and its cultural attainment. 'Waste characteristics vary according to season, income level, population, social behaviour, climate, and industrial production, the size of markets for waste materials and the extent of urbanization, effectiveness of recycling, and work reduction' (10). Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is produced from residential, commercial, industrial and institutional activities. The proportion of waste production is an indicator of socio-economic affluence of the area. Higher standards of living lead to higher consumption and greater generation of waste. The composition of the waste is also a reflection of the economy of the area that generates the waste. 1 Kalpana Markandey The Indian Geographical Journal, 95 (1) June - 2020 The solid waste generated and its composition is impacted by socioeconomic factors like the average family size, number of rooms, monthly income, and employment status. 'It was also reported that there is a direct relation between the solid waste composition and the social activities in the community. In addition, other factors including change in the source-sorting behaviour and consumption of goods are among other factors affecting the composition of the solid waste and the quantity in households. Socio-cultural, economic, legal, political and environmental factors as well as the available resources are the main issues that affect the MSW management in all countries' (5). 'Waste management is one of the priority issues concerning protection of the environment and conservation of natural resources' (1). In 2002 there were 2.9 billion urban residents in the world who created about 0.64 kg of municipal solid waste (MSW) per person per day (0.68 billion tonnes per year). By 2012 there were about 3 billion inhabitants producing 1.2 kg waste per person per day (1.3 billion tonnes per year). By 2025 this is likely to increase to 4.3 billion urban inhabitants producing about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tonnes per year) (4). In China, for instance, municipal solid waste increased from 31.3 million tonnes in 1980 to 212 million tonnes in 2006. The rate of generation increased from 0.50 kg/ capita/day in 1980 to 0.98 kg/capita/year in 2006 (2). In Malaysia the per capita solid waste generation is 0.5 to 0.8 kg/person/day in which domestic waste is the main source; it has increased to 1.7 kg/person/day in major cities by 2003 (7).
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    DISTRICT AT A GLANCE (DINDIGUL DISTRICT) S.NO ITEMS STATISTICS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i. Geographical area (Sq.km) 6266.64 ii. Administrative Divisions as on 31-3-2007 Number of Tehsils 7 Number of Blocks 14 Number of Villages 341 iii. Population (as on 2001 Census) Total Population 1923014 Male 968137 Female 954877 iv. Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 813.0 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY i. Major physiographic Units Palani and Sirumalai Hills, ii. Major Drainages Shanmuganadhi, Nangangiar and Kodavanar 3. LAND USE (Sq. km) during 2005-06 i. Forest area 1389.23 ii. Net area sown 2535.05 iii. Cultivable waste 89.31 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Red Soil, Red Sandy Soil & Black Cotton Soil 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS 1. Paddy - 25735 Ha – 21% (AS ON 2005-2006) 2. Coconut – 24798 Ha - 21% 3. Fruits & Vegetables – 21069 Ha – 19% 4. Sugarcane – 7014 Ha – 6% 6. IRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES Number Area irrigated (During 2005-06) (Ha) i. Dug wells 99350 5290 ii. Tube wells 375 449 iii. Tanks 3104 703 iv. Canals 28 492 v. Other Sources - - vi. Net irrigated area 104672 Ha vii. Gross irrigated area 112071 Ha 7. NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (AS ON31.03.2007) i. No of dug wells 20 ii. No of piezometers 16 8. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Charnockite & Granite Gneisses 9. HYDROGEOLOGY i. Major water bearing formations Weathered & fractured Charnockite & Granite Gneisses ii. Pre- monsoon depth to water level (May 2006) 0.12 – 13.10 m bgl iii. Post- monsoon depth to water level (Jan’2007) 0.90 – 14.90 m bgl iv.
  • Mapping of Fluoride Endemic Areas and Assessment of Fluoride Exposure

    Mapping of Fluoride Endemic Areas and Assessment of Fluoride Exposure

    SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 407 (2009) 1579– 1587 available at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Mapping of fluoride endemic areas and assessment of fluoride exposure Gopalan Viswanathana,⁎, A. Jaswantha,1, S. Gopalakrishnanb,2, S. Siva ilangoc,3 aSrikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Velkatta, Kondapak (mdl), Siddiped (Rd), Medak — 502277, Andhra Pradesh, India bManonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627 012, India cDepartment of Chemistry, Thiyagaraja engineering College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India ARTICLE DATA ABSTRACT Article history: The prevalence of fluorosis is mainly due to the consumption of more fluoride through Received 28 June 2008 drinking water. It is necessary to find out the fluoride endemic areas to adopt remedial Received in revised form measures to the people on the risk of fluorosis. The objectives of this study are to estimate the 3 October 2008 fluoride exposure through drinking water from people of different age group and to elucidate Accepted 9 October 2008 the fluoride endemic areas through mapping. Assessment of fluoride exposure was achieved Available online 28 November 2008 through the estimation fluoride level in drinking water using fluoride ion selective electrode method. Google earth and isopleth technique were used for mapping of fluoride endemic Keywords: areas. From the study it was observed that Nilakottai block of Dindigul district in Tamil Nadu Fluorosis is highly fluoride endemic. About 88% of the villages in this block have fluoride level more Water pollution than the prescribed permissible limit in drinking water. Exposure of fluoride among different Fluoride intake age groups was calculated in this block, which comprises 32 villages.
  • Rock-Water Interaction and Chemical Quality Analysis of Groundwater In

    Rock-Water Interaction and Chemical Quality Analysis of Groundwater In

    Research Article iMedPub Journals Journal of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry 2015 http://www.imedpub.com ISSN 2472-1123 Vol. 1 No. 1:1 DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123.100001 Rock-Water Interaction and Chemical Quality Basavarajappa HT, Manjunatha MC and Analysis of Groundwater in Hard Rock Terrain Pushpavathi KN of Chamrajanagara District, Karnataka, India Department of Studies in Earth Science, Using Geoinformatics Centre for Advanced Studies in Precambrian Geology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India Abstract Groundwater is one of the main natural resources having its application in various Corresponding author: Basavarajappa HT fields which affects its quantity. Groundwater pollution occurs when used water is returned to the hydrological cycle. The present study aims to assess the spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters in Southern tip of Karnataka using [email protected] Geoinformatics technique. Efforts have been made to evaluate a total number of 46 representative groundwater samples (C1 to C46) from different parts of the Department of Studies in Earth study area during pre-monsoon period (April-May 2005) to assess its parameters Science, Centre for Advanced Studies in - 3- 3- - 2+ 2+ + 2- + Precambrian Geology, University of Mysore, such as F , NO , CO , Cl , Ca , Mg , Na , SO4 , Fe, K , pH and EC. Groundwater quality is found to be more controlled by rock-water interaction and residence Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, India. time of water in aquifers and affected more by anthropogenic factors at many locations. Each Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) patterns and major lineaments are Tel: +91-9910726770 mapped and digitized using SoI topomap of 1:50,000 scale and IRS-1D, PAN+LISS- III satellite data through GIS software’s.