Voicing the Silenced: Between Pleasures and Therapeutic Effects of Children’S Literature in Judy Blume’S Selected Novels
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI VOICING THE SILENCED: BETWEEN PLEASURES AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN JUDY BLUME’S SELECTED NOVELS A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora in English Language Studies by Nuraini Fahmawati 116332029 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI VOICING THE SILENCED: BETWEEN PLEASURES AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN JUDY BLUME’S SELECTED NOVELS A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora in English Language Studies by Nuraini Fahmawati 116332029 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and bibliography, as a scientific paper should. I understand the full consequences including degree cancellation if I took somebody else’s ideas, phrases, or sentences without proper references. Yogyakarta, 13 Mei 2016 Nuraini Fahmawati PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Nuraini Fahmawati Nomor mahasiswa : 116332029 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: Voicing the Silenced: Between Pleasures and Therapeutic Effects of Children’s Literature in Judy Blume’s Selected Novels Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Pada tanggal: 13 Mei 2016 Nuraini Fahmawati PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank God for giving me strength to finish this study, for His infinite blessings and love that I receive in my life. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor Ibu Dra. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A. (Hons.), Ph. D., for the useful comments, remarks, and engagement as well as her expertise, understanding, and patience through my learning process of writing this thesis and in my graduate experience. I also acknowledge Bapak Paulus Sarwoto, S.S., M.A., Ph. D., Ibu Dra. A. B. Sri Mulyani, M.A., Ph.D and Ibu Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A. who have willingly shared their precious time and vast knowledge during the process of my writing. My acknowledgement also goes to the other member of my committee Ibu Dra. Th. Enny Anggraini, M.A. for the assistance provided at all level of this research. I also send my gratitude to Sanata Dharma University that provides me place and facilities to study, all my lecturers, and the administrative staff of KBI department who have devoted themselves to help me during my study in Sanata Dharma University. My special thanks go to my loved ones: My husband and my daughters Nina and Jihan, Bapak and Ibuk who supported me throughout entire process, both by keeping me harmonious and helping me putting pieces together. My gratitude is also due to my wonderful friends and classmates of 2011 KBI Sanata Dharma University especially Dyah, Satrio, Mbak Luluk, Christo, Ruslinah and all people that I cannot mention one by one, who have given me supports in finishing my thesis. Thank you. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vii Table of Contents TITLE PAGE i PAGE OF APPROVAL ii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ABSTRACT x ABSTRAK xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION xi 1. Background of the Study 1 2. Problem Limitations 8 3. Definition of Terms 9 4. Problem Formulations 12 5. Objectives of the Study 12 6. Benefits of the Study 12 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 14 1. Review of Related Studies 14 2. Review of Related Theories 26 1.1. The Problems of Generalization and Common Assumptions in Understanding ‘Childhood’ and Children’s Literature 27 1.2. The Other, Colonization, and Children’s Literature 33 1.2.1. Inherent Inferiority, Opposite, Contradictory, and Declined 35 1.2.2. Inherent Femaleness and Danger 36 1.2.3. Inherent Adult-Centered 37 1.2.4. Inherent Silencing 38 1.3. Silencing, Censorship, and the Innocence of Childhood 39 1.4. The Pleasures of Children’s Literature 45 1.5. Therapeutic Effects in Voicing the Silenced in Children’s Literature 47 3. Theoretical Framework 55 CHAPTER III Romance, Sensuality, and Sexuality 57 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI viii 1. Childhood’s Romance, Sensuality, and Sexuality: Against Childhood Innocence 57 1.1. Romance (Crushes) 58 1.2. Sensuality 58 1.3. Puberty 61 1.3.1. Menstruation 62 1.3.2. Breast Development 63 1.3.3. Wet Dreams 64 1.3.4. Masturbation 65 1.4. Sexuality 67 1.4.1. Teenage Sexuality 67 1.4.2. Birth Control 69 2. Pleasures of Words and Understanding in Romance, Sensuality, and Sexuality 70 3. Romance, Sensuality, and Sexuality: Providing Information and Building Connection 81 CHAPTER IV Bad Sides of Life 99 1. Bad Sides of Life: Disproving Other-ness to Empower Children 99 1.1. Parental Conflicts 100 1.2. Divorce 102 1.3. Uncertainties 104 1. 4. Illness 106 1. 5. Problem with Religion 107 1. 6. Death 108 2. Bad Sides of Life: Pleasures of Acknowledging Newness, of Escaping, and Recognizing Gaps 110 3. The Bad Sides of Life: Coping Difficulties through Literature 120 CHAPTER V Unexpected Manners 139 1. The Unexpected Manners: Children as the Centre 139 1.1. Bullying 140 1.2. Sibling Rivalry 142 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ix 1.3. Disobedience 144 1.4. Back Talks and Gazes 146 1.5. Dishonesty: Cheating, Snooping, Lying 150 1.6. Impudent Teases 152 1.7. Swearing 152 2. Unexpected Manners: Building Organized Stories 154 3. The Unexpected Manners: Assisting Children Deal with Problems of Personal and Social Development 163 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 176 BIBLIOGRAPHY 187 APPENDICES 191 Synopsis 1: Deenie 191 Synopsis 2: Forever 191 Synopsis 3: Tiger Eyes 192 Synopsis 4: Then Again, Maybe I Won’t 192 Synopsis 5: Blubber 193 Synopsis 6: It's Not the End of the World 193 Synopsis 7: Starring Sally J. Freedman as Herself 194 Synopsis 8: Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret 194 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI x ABSTRACT Nuraini Fahmawati. (2016). Voicing the Silenced: Between Pleasures and Therapeutic Effects of Children’s Literature in Judy Blume’s Selected Novels. Yogyakarta: English Language Studies, Graduate Program, Sanata Dharma University. Judy Blume was in controversy that her novels were banned and at the same time were loved for vividly uncovering the silenced issues of sensuality and sexuality, brute realities, and unexpected manners to young readers. As the novels voice the silenced, this study observes, at first, how childhood and its literature are viewed through them. In doing so, this research addresses some children’s literature experts who draw insight from the post-structural and postcolonial for reexamining the common beliefs around silencing in children’s literature. Secondly, post-structuralism is also borrowed to analyze the relation between voicing the silenced and the delights of the novels. Meanwhile, the last aim is to reveal the functions of sensuality and sexuality, brute realities, and the unexpected manners in implying literature’s roles in children’s life by using the cathartic reading perspective. The results of this research reveal that, firstly, through voicing sensuality and sexuality, children are trusted and their innocence is disproved of. This study also finds out that the pleasures of words and understanding are present as the issues are voiced. In addition to this, the practical benefits in giving detailed information and in building connection are found when dealing with such sensitive topics. Secondly, by presenting topics relating to the dark sides of life, this research shows that children are empowered when their other-ness is ignored. At the same time, the pleasures of escaping, newness, and recognizing gaps are performed with the appearance of the issue. Meanwhile, the practical role to help children cope the difficulties signifies the presence of topics about difficult life. The last result shows that children are placed in the center of the stories when the unexpected behaviors are depicted through the fictional characters. As it is, the pleasures of the organized stories are found by the presence of their behaviors. Finally, the role of literature to help readers to cope with the trouble with their personal and social development is found as the texts deal with the unexpected manners. Key Words: Silencing, Pleasures of Children’s Literature, Cathartic/Therapeutic Reading PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI xi ABSTRAK Nuraini Fahmawati (2016). Voicing the Silenced: Between Pleasures and Therapeutic Effects of Children’s Literature in Judy Blume’s Selected