Two Rare Myxomycete Species from the Iberian Peninsula
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ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2014. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/128.79 Volume 128, pp. 79–82 April–June 2014 Two rare myxomycete species from the Iberian Peninsula Oscar Requejo1* & Nicanor Floro Andrés Rodríguez2 1 San Xurxo, A Laxe 12B Salceda de Caselas E-36470, Pontevedra. Spain 2 Cánovas del Castillo, 1, Vigo E-36202, Pontevedra. Spain * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Two uncommon myxomycete species, Diderma sauteri and Stemonitopsis microspora, recently recorded in the Iberian Peninsula, are described, illustrated, and discussed. Key words — Amoebozoa, Physarales, Stemonitales, taxonomy, distribution Introduction As a result of a fungal and myxomycete inventory of the ‘Río Caselas’ region, located in the Northwest of Spain, Pontevedra province (Requejo 2013; Requejo & Andrés Rodríguez 2013), two interesting taxa were obtained. After a detailed morphological study, these collections were identified as Diderma sauteri and Stemonitopsis microspora, two species that are rare in southwestern Europe and which are described and discussed here. Materials & methods The collection and study of the specimens was made following the usual methodology for myxomycetes (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969; Nannenga-Bremekamp 1991). Macroscopic characters were studied using a stereomicroscopic Nikon model SMZ745T. Microscopic observations were made using a Nikon E100 microscope. Samples were prepared in KOH (5–10%). For measurements and microscopic images of the structures we used the software ProgRes® CapturePro 2.7, associated with the digital camera Jenoptic CT3 (Jenoptik AG, Germany). The studied collections are deposited in the personal herbarium of one of the authors (req-Fungi) with duplicates in Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C. (MA-Fungi). 80 ... Requejo & Andrés Rodríguez Taxonomy Diderma sauteri (Rostaf.) T. Macbr., N. Amer. Slime-moulds:103.1899 Plate 1·1–2 Sporocarps gregarious or scattered, sessile, globose to subglobose, sometimes pulvinate, with flattened areas by mutual pressure, up to 1 mm in diameter. Sporotheca pink, grey, pinkish-brown or brownish. Hypothallus undetectable. Peridium double, the external layer, cartilaginous, thin, smooth, separate from the inner; inner layer membranous, grey or iridescent, with amorphous calcium carbonate granules of 1–3 µm diameter. Columella rudimentary, calcareous, often reduced to a reddish-brown basal thickening. Capillitium filamentous, limeless, smooth, colourless to violet, branched and few anastomosed. Spores free, black in mass, dark violet-brown in transmitted light by LM, globose, (n = 62) (11.2–)11.8–15.0(–15.2) µm, spinulose. Specimens examined — SPAIN: Pontevedra. Salceda de Caselas, A Laxe, Río Caselas, 29TNG3676, 90 m, on bryophytes, 10-I-2012, leg. Óscar Requejo (req-Fungi 423; MA-Fungi 86674). Comments — This collection fits well theD. sauteri descriptions of Poulain et al. (2011), Ing (1999), and Neubert et al. (1995), although we have recorded a slightly wider range of spore sizes. Our observations of abnormally large spores up to 21 µm diam. coincide with those of Martin & Alexopoulos (1969); these authors mentioned the possibility of such abnormalities when there is an anomalous sporocarp development, and therefore we place no taxonomic importance on such features. Diderma sauteri is usually associated with bryophytes. The most similar species is Diderma ochraceum Hoffm., which has smaller spores and bright orange, red, or yellow sporothecas (Poulain et al. 2011). Diderma subincarnatum Kowalski shares with D. sauteri the pinkish colors of the sporotheca but the spores are slightly larger (13–16 µm diam) and usually grow in dead branches and leaves (Poulain et al. 2011). This is the first confirmed record of D. sauteri in Spain. We know only a mention for Portugal in Torrend (1909). Neubert et al. (1995) cite D. sauteri for Spain although they do not refer to a collection. Although they give the location as “Extremadura” (Spain), this is probably just a reference to Torrend’s record for “Estremadura” (Portugal). Stemonitopsis microspora (Lister) Nann.-Bremek., Nederlandse Myxomyceten: 208. 1975 [“1974”] Plate 1·3–4 Sporocarps in small groups, stipitate, 1.8–3.5 mm total height. sporotheca cylindrical, subcylindrical or slightly conical with rounded apex, brown, 1.5–2.3 mm long. Hypothallus shared, brown to black-brown. Peridium evanescent. Stipe 0.6–1.2 mm long, black, with a broadened base. Columella reaching the apex of the sporotheca, concolorous with the stalk. Capillitium tortuous, Diderma sauteri & Stemonitopsis microspora in Iberia ... 81 Plate 1. Diderma sauteri (MA-Fungi 86674). 1. Sporocarps; 2. Echinulate spores. Stemonitopsis microspora (req-Fungi 500): 3. Sporocarps; 4. Spores and capillitium. becoming very entangled towards the outer part, branched and anastomosed, forming a fragmented peripheral net. Spores brown to reddish-brown in mass; hyaline, pale brown by LM, subglobose or slightly polygonal, (n = 59) (3.7–)3.9–5.1(–5.2) µm diam, reticulate. Specimens examined — SPAIN: Pontevedra. Salceda de Caselas, A Picoña, Río Caselas, 29TNG3676, 66 m, on wood of Pinus pinaster, 4-III-2013, leg. Óscar Requejo (req-Fungi 500; MA-Fungi 86675). Comments — The specimen fructified on Pinus wood, although S. microspora is often recorded in the literature as growing on leaves (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969; Poulain et al. 2011). All the morphological characters fit well with the description provided by Nannenga-Bremekamp (1975) for the species. The small spore size of S. microspora distinguishes it from other species such as Stemonitopsis hyperopta (Meyl.) Nann.-Bremek. (5–7 µm diam) and Comatricha pulchella (C. Bab.) Rostaf. (6.5–9 µm diam) (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969; Poulain et al. 2011). 82 ... Requejo & Andrés Rodríguez According to the data provided by GBIF (2013) there is only one Iberian record of S. microspora, in Madrid from 1975. We have found no other bibliographic records of this species for the Iberian Peninsula. The other species of Stemonitopsis reported from the Iberian Peninsula are S. aequalis (Peck) Y. Yamam., S. amoena (Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek., S. hyperopta, and S. typhina (F.H. Wigg.) Nann.-Bremek. (Lado 1993; Hernández-Crespo 2006). Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to Dr. Carlos Lado for his help in the confirmation of the studied species and to Dr. Alfredo Justo for the initial review and translation of the text. They also thank M. Luisa Castro (Universidade de Vigo, Spain) and Carlos Lado (Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid) for presubmission review. Literature cited GBIF. 2013. GBIF data portal, National Botanic Garden Belgium – Myxomycetes. http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/14353 [accessed 2013-05-29] Hernández-Crespo JC. 2006. SIMIL, Sistema de Información Micológica Ibérica en Línea. Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, C.S.I.C. Proyecto Flora Micológica Ibérica I–VI (1990–2008). Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, España. http://www.rjb.csic.es/fmi/sim.php Ing B. 1999. The myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland. The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. Slough, England. Lado C. 1993. Bases corológicas de Flora Micológica Ibérica. Números 376–692. Cuadernos de Trabajo de Flora Micológica Ibérica 7: 1–305. Martin GW, Alexopoulos CJ. 1969. The myxomycetes. Univ. of Iowa Press. Iowa. Nannenga-Bremekamp NE. 1991. A guide to temperate myxomycetes. Biopress Limited. Bristol. Neubert H, Nowotny W, Baumann K. 1995. Die Myxomyceten (Band II). Karlheinz Baumann Verlag. Gomaringen. Poulain M, Meyer M, Bozonnet J. 2011. Les myxomycétes. Fédération Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné-Savoie ED. Sévrier. Requejo O. 2013. Catálogo micolóxico (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) das ribeiras do río Caselas (Pontevedra, N.O. da Península Ibérica). Mykes 15: 9–90. Requejo O, Andrés Rodríguez NF. 2013. Catálogo de Myxomycetes (Protozoa) das ribeiras do río Caselas. Mykes 15: 91–107. Torrend C. 1909. Catalogue raisonné des Myxomycetes du Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciencias Naturales 2(1/2): 55–73..