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Continue The hypothetical originally described by as a 3D rendering of the Dyson sphere using large, orbital panels of the Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure that fully covers the star and captures a large percentage of its power. This concept is a thoughtful experiment that attempts to explain how space will meet its energy needs once those needs exceed needs that can only be derived from the resources of the home . Only a small fraction of a star's energy emissions reach the surface of any orbiting planet. The of structures surrounding the star will allow civilization to gather much more energy. The first contemporary description of the structure was in his sci-fi novel Star Maker (1937), in which he described every solar system ... surrounded by gauze light traps that focus solar energy escape for intelligent use. The concept was later popularized by Freeman Dyson in his 1960 article Finding Artificial Stellar Sources of Radiation. Dyson suggested that such structures would be a logical consequence of the escalating energy needs of technological civilization and would be necessary for its long-term survival. He suggested that the search for such structures could lead to the discovery of a developed, intelligent . The different types of Dyson spheres and their energy-saving ability would correspond to the levels of technological progress on the . Since then, other design options related to the construction of an artificial structure or a series of structures covering have been proposed in research or described in under the name Dyson Sphere. These later proposals were not limited to solar power plants, many of which concerned housing or industrial elements. Most fictional images describe a hard shell of encased in a star that was considered by Dyson himself to be the least plausible version of the idea. In May 2013, at the Starship Century Symposium in San Diego, Dyson repeated his comments that he wanted the concept not to be named after him. Origin concept See also: The development of the energy Freeman Dyson in the 2005 Concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of the thought experiment of physics and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he stated that all technological were constantly increasing their demand for energy. He reasoned that if civilization for a long time would expand the need for energy, it would find a time when it would require the total energy production of the . He proposed an orbital system (which he originally called a shell) designed to intercept and collect the entire produced by the Sun. Sun. on the basis that such a structure can be distinguished by an unusual emission spectrum compared to a star. His 1960 article Finding Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation, published in the journal Science, is believed to be the first to formalize the concept of the Dyson sphere. However, Dyson wasn't the first to promote the idea. It was inspired by the 1937 sci-fi novel Star Maker, Olaf Stapledon, and possibly the work of J.D. Bernal. Although such are theoretically possible, the construction of a stable Dyson sphere system now goes beyond the engineering capabilities of mankind. The number of vessels needed to obtain, transfer and maintain the full Dyson area exceeds modern industrial capabilities. Georgi Dvorsky advocates the use of self-replicating to overcome this restriction in the relatively short term. Some have suggested that such habitats may be built around white dwarfs and even . Options in fictional accounts, the concept of the Dyson Sphere is often interpreted as an artificial hollow sphere of matter around the star. This perception is based on a literal interpretation of Dyson's original short work, presenting the concept. Responding to the letters, which were called to some documents, Dyson replied: A hard shell or ring surrounding a star is mechanically impossible. The form of the biosphere that I have provided consists of a free collection or a swarm of objects traveling in independent orbits around the star. Dyson swarms the Dyson ring - the simplest form of Dyson's swarm- in scale. The orbit is 1 AU in radius, collectors - 1.0×107 km in diameter (10 Gm or ≈25 times the distance of the -), from center to center around the orbital circle. The relatively simple arrangement of several Dyson-type rings, pictured above, to form a more complex Dyson swarm. Orbital radii of the rings have blurred by 1.5×107 km to each other, but the average radius of the orbit is still 1 AU Rings rotate 15 degrees relative to each other, around the common axis of rotation. An option close to Dyson's original concept is the Dyson Swarm. It consists of a large number of independent structures (usually solar satellites and space habitats) rotating in dense formation around the star. This approach to construction has advantages: components can be sized accordingly, and it can be built gradually. Different forms of wireless energy transmission can be used to transmit energy between a swarm of components and a planet. The disadvantages due to the nature of will make the location of the swarm's orbits extremely difficult. The simplest such arrangement is the Dyson ring, in which all such structures have the same orbit. More complex patterns more rings intercept more of the output of stars, stars, some structures periodically overshadow others when their orbits intersect. Another potential problem is that the growing loss of orbital stability by adding more elements increases the likelihood of orbital disturbances. Such a cloud of collectors would change the light emitted by the star system (see below). However, the disruption compared to the star's total natural emitted spectrum is likely to be too small for astronomers based on Earth to observe. Dyson Bubble Bubble Dyson: Location of statins around the star, in a non-conbit orbital pattern. As long as the satellite has an unobstructed line of sight to its star, it can hover anywhere in space next to its star. This relatively simple location is just one of an infinite number of possible statin configurations, and is intended as a contrast only for the Dyson swarm. The stats are depicted in the same size as the collectors depicted above and are located at an even distance of 1 AU from the star. The second type of Dyson sphere is the Dyson bubble. This would be similar to the Dyson swarm, consisting of many independent designs and can also be built gradually. Unlike the Dyson swarm, the structures that build it up are not in orbit around the star, but will be static satellites suspended by huge light sails using to counteract the attraction of the star's gravity. Such structures would not pose a risk of collision or overshadowing each other; they would be completely immobile towards the star, and independent of each other. Since the ratio of radiation pressure to gravity from a star is constant regardless of distance (provided that the satellite has an unobstructed line of sight to the surface of its star), such satellites can also change its distance from the central star. The practicality of this approach is questionable in modern , but it cannot be ruled out yet. 100% reflective satellites deployed around the Sun will have a total density of 0.78 grams per square meter of sail. To illustrate the low mass of the necessary materials, I note that the total mass of the bubble of such material 1 AU in the radius will be about 2.17×1020 kg, which is about the same mass as the asteroid Pallas. Another illustration: Ordinary printed paper has a density of about 80 g/m2. Such material has not yet been produced in the form of a working light sail. The lightest carbon fiber lightweight sail material is currently produced density-without payload-3 g/m2, or about four times as much as it would be necessary to create a solarstatite. One sheet of , a two-dimensional form of carbon, has a density of just 0.37 mg per square meter, making such a single sheet possibly as effective as a . However, since 2015, graphene has not been and it has a relatively high radiation absorption rate, about 2.3% (i.e. about 97.7% more will be transferred). For frequencies in the upper GHz and lower THz range, the absorption rate is 50-100% due to voltage displacement and/or doping. Ultralight carbon nanotubes, netted using molecular production methods, have a density of 1.3 g/m2 to 1.4 g/m2. By the time civilization is ready to use this , the production of carbon nanotubes can be sufficiently optimized to ensure that their density is below the required 0.7 g/m2, and the average density of a sail with falsification can be maintained up to 0.3 g/m2 (stabilized sail light requires a minimum of additional mass in falsification). If such a sail could be built at such density, a the size of the proposed L5 O'Neill Society cylinder-500 km2, with a room for more than 1 million inhabitants, weighing 2.72×109 kg (3×106 tons) - can be supported by a circular light sail 3000 km in diameter,× By comparison, it is slightly smaller than the diameter of 's satellite (although the sail is a flat disc, not a sphere), or the distance between San Francisco and Kansas City. Such a structure, however, would have a mass much smaller than many asteroids. Although the construction of such a massive habitable statin would be a gigantic undertaking, and the material science required behind it is at an early stage, there are other engineering feats and necessary materials offered in other versions of the Dyson sphere. Theoretically, if enough satellites were created and deployed around their star, they would have composed a non-rigid version of the Dyson shell mentioned below. Such a shell will not suffer from the disadvantages of massive pressure compression, as well as the requirements for the mass of such a shell is not higher than a rigid form. However, such a shell will have the same optical and thermal properties as the rigid shape, and will be detected by search engines in the same way (see below). Dyson's shell-cut diagram of Dyson's idealized shell, an option on Dyson's original concept, with a radius of 1 au version of the Dyson sphere most commonly depicted in fiction is the Dyson Shell: a single solid shell of matter around the star. Such a structure would completely alter the emissions of the central star and intercept 100% of the star's energy. Such a structure would also provide a huge surface, which many expect to use for shelter if the surface can be habitable. Dyson's spherical shell in the solar system with a radius of a single astronomical block, so that the inner surface will receive the same amount of sunlight as the Earth per solid corner unit, will have a surface area of about 2.8×1017 km2 (1.1×1017 sq m), or 550 million times Earth's surface. This would intercept a total of 384.6 yottawatts (3,846 × 1026 watts) of the sun's output. Non-shell-like structures intercept less, but the shell variant represents the maximum possible energy captured for the solar system at this point in the Sun's evolution. This is about 33 trillion times the energy consumption of mankind in 1998, which amounted to 12 terawatts. There are some serious theoretical difficulties with the variant of the dyson's hard shell sphere: such a shell will not have a pure gravitational interaction with its englobeded star (see the shell theoreum), and can drift towards the central star. If such movements are not uncorrected, they may eventually lead to a collision between the sphere and the star, which is likely to lead to disastrous results. These structures will need either some form of motion to counteract any drift, or some way of reflecting the surface of the sphere from the star. For the same reason, such a shell will not have a pure gravitational interaction with anything else inside it. The contents of any biosphere placed on the inside of Dyson's shell will not be entit to the surface of the sphere and will simply fall into the star. It was suggested that the biosphere could be contained between two concentric spheres located on the inside of the rotating sphere (in this case, the force of artificial gravity perpendicular to the rotation axis, as a result of which all matter placed on the inside of the sphere could unite around the equator, effectively making the sphere a niven ring for housing purposes, but still fully effective as a shining energy collector) or placed on the outside of the sphere). where it will be held at the site of the star's gravity. In such cases, it would be necessary to develop some form of lighting, otherwise the sphere would be at least partially transparent, because the light of the star would otherwise be completely hidden. Assuming a radius of 1 AU, the compressed force of the material forming the sphere should be huge to prevent implosion due to the gravity of the star. Any randomly selected point on the surface of the sphere can be considered as gaining under the pressure of the base of the dome 1 AU in height under the gravity of the Sun at this distance. Indeed, it can be seen as the base of an infinite number of randomly selected domes, but since much of the power from any one arbitrary dome is opposed to the power of another, the pure power at this point is enormous, but finite. No known or theorist is strong enough to withstand this pressure, and form a rigid, static sphere around the star. Paul Birch (in relation to the smaller designs of Supra- Jupiter around a large planet, not a star) suggested that it is possible to support the shell dynamic tools similar to those used in the Fountain. Masses moving on circular paths on the inside of the sphere, at a speed much greater than the orbital speed, will press outward on magnetic bearings because of centrifugal force. For the Dyson shell with a radius of 1 AU around a star with the same mass as the Sun, a mass traveling ten times the orbital velocity (297.9 km/s) will support 99 (a-v2/r) times its own mass in an additional shell structure. Also, if you take over a radius of 1 AU, there may not be enough in the solar system to build a Dyson shell. Anders Sandberg believes that the solar system has 1.82×1026 kg of easily usable building material, sufficient for a shell of 1 au weight of 600 kg/m2 - on average about 8-20 cm depending on the density of the material. This includes the hard-to- reach cores of gas giants; only the inner provide only 11.79×1024 kg, enough for 1 AU shell with a weight of only 42 kg/m2. The shell will be vulnerable to the impact of interstellar bodies such as , and material in interstellar space, which currently deviates from the sun's impact. The and any protection it theoretically provides will cease to exist. Other types of Dyson clean Another possibility is the Dyson network, a web of cables strung about a star that may have power or heat collection units strung between cables. The Dyson network reduces to a special Dyson sink or bubble case, however, depending on how the cables are supported against sun gravity. Bubbleworld A bubbleworld is an artificial structure consisting of a residential shell around the hydrogen gas sphere. The shell contains air, people, houses, furniture, etc. The idea was conceived to answer the question: What is the largest space colony that can be built? However, most of the volume is uninhabitable and there is no power source. Theoretically, any can be enclosed in a solid shell; in a certain radius, surface gravity will be terrestrial, and energy can be provided by using the planet's thermal energy. This concept is explored peripherally in the novel (and the story is curated, which is included in the novel as the head) by Charles Strauss, in which transforms into a man-inhabited world. Stellar star engines are a class of hypothetical megastructures whose goal is to extract useful energy from a star, sometimes for specific purposes. For example, Matrioshka's brain extracts energy for computation purposes; Shkadov's engines generate energy for movement purposes. Some of the proposed star engine designs are based on dyson's sphere. A can be a source of energy, not a star, to increase the efficiency of converting matter into energy. Black there will also be fewer stars. Star. reduce the distance of communication that will be important for computer societies as described above. In search of megastructures in Dyson's original work, he suggested that sufficiently advanced extraterrestrials were more likely to follow a similar model of human energy consumption and eventually build their own collectors' sphere. Building such a system would make such a civilization a civilization of TIPA II Kardashev. The existence of such a system of collectors would change the light emitted by the star system. Collectors absorbed and re-energized the star's energy. The wavelength (s) of radiation emitted by collectors will be determined by the emission spectrums of the substances from which they are made and by the temperature of the collectors. Because it seems likely that these collectors will be composed of heavy elements not normally found in the radiation spectrum of their central star, or at least not emitting light at such relatively low energies compared to what they would emit as energy free cores in the - there would be atypical wavelengths of light for the spectral type of star in the spectral spectrum of light emitted by a star system. If the star's output percentage is thus filtered or converted as a result of this absorption and reradation has been significant, it can be detected at interstellar distances. Given the amount of energy available per square meter at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun, it can be calculated that most known substances will be reradating energy in the infrared part of the . Thus, the Dyson sphere, built on life forms not unlike , who lived in close proximity to a sun-approaching star, made from materials similar to those available to humans, is likely to cause an increase in the amount of infrared radiation emitted in the emitted spectrum of the star system. Thus, Dyson chose the name Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation for his published work. SETI has taken these assumptions in its search, looking for such infrared heavy spectra from solar counterparts. According to 2005 data, Fermilab conducts a constant study of such spectra, analyzing data from the infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS). The definition of one of the many infrared sources as a Dyson sphere will require improvements in discrimination between the Dyson sphere and natural sources. Fermilab found 17 potential ambiguous candidates, four of whom were described as funny but still questionable. Other searches also resulted in several candidates, but were not confirmed. On October 14, 2015, planet-hunting scientists discovered unusual light KIC 8462852 stars captured by the Kepler Space Telescope. Kepler. The star was nicknamed the Tubby Star after Thabeta S. Boyajian, the lead author of the original study. This phenomenon has led to speculation that dyson's sphere may have been discovered. Further analysis, based on data until the end of 2017, showed that wavelength depends on blackouts in accordance with dust, but is not an opaque object, such as an alien megastructure that will block all wavelengths of light equally. Fiction Home article: Dyson's spheres in the popular Dyson sphere culture originated in fiction, and it is a concept that has often appeared in science fiction since then. In fictional accounts, Dyson's spheres are most often portrayed as Dyson's shell with the gravitational and engineering difficulties of this variant, noted above, largely ignored. See also the sci-fi portal Alderson disk - The hypothetical artificial astronomical megastructure Dyson sphere in popular culture - Dyson spheres depicted in popular Dyson tree culture - Hypothetical genetically engineered plants capable of growing inside the Globus Cassus - Art project and book by Swiss and artist Christian Waldwo Kardashev scale - Method measurement of the level of civilization of technological progress Based on the amount of energy civilization is able to use Klempererer outlet - Type of gravitational system - a hypothetical megastructure of huge computing power Megascale Engineering - application of technology to influence the global environment of the planet - 1970 sci-fi novel by Stars rise star engineering - Hypothetical artificial modification of the stars Tensegrity - Structural principle Based on the use of isolated components in compression within the Continuous Voltage Network - Tabby's Star Hypothetical Planetary Engineering Process - the star is marked by unusual blackout events. Dyson's spheres: how developed alien civilizations will conquer the . space.com. received on January 14, 2014. a b c d e f Frimann J. Dyson (1960). Search for artificial stellar sources of infrared radiation. Science. 131 (3414): 1667–1668. Bibkod:1960Sci... 131.1667D. doi:10.1126/science.131.3414.1667. PMID 17780673. S2CID 3195432. STARSHIP CENTURY SYMPOSIUM, MAY 21-22, 2013. July 7, 2013. Archive from the original on July 7, 2013. Received August 31, 2017.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) - Dyson, Freeman (1979). Breaking the universe. The main books. page 211. ISBN 978-0-465-01677-8. Some science fiction writers mistakenly gave me credit for inventing an artificial biosphere. In fact, I took the idea from Olaf Stapledon, one of sandberg's own colleagues, Anders (2012-01-02). Dyson frequently asked Stockholm, . No 3. Dyson was the first? Archive from the original original 2012-11-21. Received 2015-04-23. Dvorsky, George (2012-03- 20). How to build a Dyson sphere in five (relatively) simple steps. Received 2016-10-07. Semiz, Ibrahim; Ogur, Salim (2015). Dyson's spheres around white dwarves. arXiv:1503.04376 «physics.pop-ph». Osmanov, S. (2015). About finding artificial Dyson-like structures around pulsars. Int. J. Astrobiol. 15 (2): 127–132. arXiv:1505.05131. Bibkod:2016IJAsB. 15..127O. doi:10.1017/S1473550415000257. S2CID 13242388. F. D. Dyson, D. Maddox, Anderson, E. A. Sloan (1960). Letters and responses, search for artificial stellar sources of infrared radiation. Science. 132 (3421): 250–253. doi:10.1126/science.132.3421.252-a. PMID 17748945.CS1 maint: several names: list of authors (link) - Dyson frequently asked questions: Can dyson sphere be built using realistic ?. Received 2006-09-01. Some sketches of Dyson's spheres. Received 2007-10-06. Sunlight puts pressure. Received 2006-03-02. b Dyson Sphere frequently asked questions: Is Dyson's sphere stable?. Received 2007-10-06. B Sandberg, Anders. 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Archived from the original on October 7, 2007. Received 2007-10-07. Badescu, Viorel; Richard B. Cathcart. Space travel with solar energy and Dyson sphere. Astronomy today. Received 2007-10-07. Fermi Conclusions. Archive from the original for 2007-09-23. Received 2007-10-06. Dyson often asked questions: How strong should Dyson's hard shell be?. Received 2006- 03-08. Search WaybackMachine for June 14, 2011 copy quote web address l' //www.paulbirch.net/SupramundanePlanets.zip.zip.archivedate-2006-06-27 - b c Sandberg, Anders. Other Dyson Sphere-Like Concepts. Dyson Sphere frequently asked questions. Received 2006-08-13. Star engine. Internet encyclopedia of science. Get Kardashev, Nikolai. On the inevitability and possible structures of supercivilism, the search for extraterrestrial life: Recent events; Symposium Materials, Boston, Massachusetts, June 18-21, 1984 (A86-38126 17-88). Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1985, page 497-504. Carrigan, D. (2006). Dyson's Fermilab Area Search Program. Archive from the original 2006-03-06. Received 2006-03-02. Shostak, Seth (spring 2009). When are we going to find the aliens? (PDF). Engineering and science. 72 (1): 12–21. ISSN 0013-7812. Archive from the original (PDF) for 2015-04-15. Richard Carrigan; Dyson, Freeman J. Dyson's Field in Scholarpedia. Scholarship. 4 (5): 6647. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.6647. Carrigan, D. (2012). Dyson's Fermilab Area Search Program. Archive from the original 2006-03-06. Received 2012-01-15. Dick Carrigan (2010-12-16). Searching for Dyson's sphere. Home.fnal.gov. Received 2012-06-12. Billings, Lee. Alien supercivilizations are missing from 100,000 nearby galaxies. Received on August 31, 2017. Infra Dig: Looking for Aliens: Search for Aliens Goes Intergalactic. Economist. 2015-04-18. Received 2015-04-19. Fifty galaxies were red enough to accept aliens devouring half or more of their starlight. Andersen, Ross (October 13, 2015). The most mysterious star in our galaxy. The Atlantic Ocean. Received on October 13, 2015. Lee Williams (October 15, 2015). Astronomers may have found giant alien megastructures of the orbiting star near the Milky Way. Independent. Received on October 15, 2015. Boyajian, Tabeta S.; et al. (2018). The first post-Kepler brightness dips KIC 8462852. Astrophysical Journal. 853 (1). L8. arXiv:1801.00732. Bibkod:2018ApJ... 853L... 8B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa405. S2CID 215751718. Drake, Nadia (January 3, 2018). The Mystery of Alien Megastructure Star has been hacked. National Geographic. Received on January 4, 2018. Olaf Stapledon. Star Maker - J. D. Bernal, Peace, Flesh and the Devil: Investigating the of the Three Enemies of the Rational Soul External Relations Look Up Dyson Sphere in Wiktionary, a free dictionary. The Commons has media related to Dyson.com. Listen to this article This audio file was created from a revision of this article from 2012-05-07, and does not reflect subsequent edits. (Audio helpMore conversational articles) Dyson spheres are frequently asked questions by Torodal Dyson swarms of simulations using Java applets FermiLab: IRAS based all sky upper limit on Dyson's spheres, with a notable application on Dyson's field of engineering Dyson spheres on memory alpha ( wiki) sourced from

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