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DP Arabske Jaro.Pdf UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra společenských věd Diplomová práce Bc. Radek Stehlík Arabské jaro 2010 – 2012 Olomouc 2014 vedoucí práce: Mgr. David Hampl, Ph.D. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. .............................. Bc. Radek Stehlík Olomouc, 14. 4. 2014 Děkuji vedoucímu své práce, Mgr. D. Hamplovi, Ph.D., za odborné vedení, ochotu a poskytnuté konzultace. OBSAH ÚVOD ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 TEORIE KONFLIKTU ................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 DEFINICE KONFLIKTU ................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 TYPOLOGIE KONFLIKTU ............................................................................................................. 8 1.3 DYNAMIKA KONFLIKTU .......................................................................................................... 10 1.4 ŘEŠENÍ KONFLIKTU ................................................................................................................. 11 2 POLITICKÝ ISLÁM .................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 OBECNÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ISLÁMU ....................................................................................... 12 2.2 ISLÁMSKÉ POLITICKÉ MYŠLENÍ ................................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Tradicionalismus ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Sekularismus ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Islamismus ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.3 ISLÁMSKÝ STÁT ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Islámský stát a demokracie ................................................................................................ 20 3 ARABSKÉ JARO ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.1 PŘÍČINY ARABSKÉHO JARA ...................................................................................................... 23 3.2 TUNISKO ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Politický vývoj ve 20. a na počátku 21. století .................................................................. 25 3.2.2 Jasmínová revoluce ........................................................................................................... 29 3.2.3 Porevoluční vývoj ............................................................................................................. 32 3.2.4 Výsledky arabského jara v Tunisku .................................................................................... 33 3.3 EGYPT .................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3.1 Politický vývoj ve 20. a na počátku 21. století .................................................................. 34 3.3.2 Revoluce v Egyptě............................................................................................................. 40 3.3.3 Porevoluční vývoj ............................................................................................................. 43 3.3.4 Výsledky Arabského jara v Egyptě ..................................................................................... 46 3.4 LIBYE ..................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4.1 Politický vývoj ve 20. století. ............................................................................................ 47 3.4.2 Revoluce v Libyi ............................................................................................................... 49 3.4.3 Porevoluční vývoj ............................................................................................................. 51 3.4.4 Výsledky Arabského jara v Libyi ....................................................................................... 52 3.5 SÝRIE ..................................................................................................................................... 52 3.5.1 Politický vývoj ve 20. na počátku 21. století ..................................................................... 52 3.5.2 Revoluce v Sýrii ................................................................................................................ 54 3.5.3 Výsledky Arabského jara v Sýrii ........................................................................................ 57 3.6 DOPADY ARABSKÉHO JARA ...................................................................................................... 58 4 PEDAGOGICKÁ APLIKACE ..................................................................................................... 60 4.1 ZAKOTVENÍ TÉMATU V RVP PRO GYMNÁZIA ............................................................................. 60 4.2 NÁVRH ČASOVĚ TEMATICKÉHO PLÁNU ..................................................................................... 61 ZÁVĚR ................................................................................................................................................... 66 SEZNAM ZKRATEK ............................................................................................................................ 67 PRAMENY A LITERATURA .............................................................................................................. 68 ELEKTRONICKÉ ZDROJE ................................................................................................................ 71 SEZNAM PŘÍLOH ................................................................................................................................ 75 ANOTACE ÚVOD Cílem této práce je analyzovat procesy arabského jara v letech 2010 - 2012. K dosažení tohoto cíle jsme stanovili jako dílčí cíle specifikaci příčin a spojujících momentů, kvůli kterým se hovoří o jedné revoluční vlně, popsání politických systému a průběhu změn ve vybraných státech, porovnání dopadů arabského jara s ohledem na demokratizaci a islamizaci vybraných států, naším cílem je také navrhnout pedagogickou aplikace tématu. Práce bude rozdělena do čtyř kapitol. V první kapitole se zaměříme na teorii konfliktu, definujeme konflikt, uvedeme základní typologie konfliktu, v teoretické rovině analyzujeme příčiny a schéma vývoje konfliktů. Druhá kapitola bude zaměřena na islám a jeho politickou dimenzi. Pozornost věnujeme rozdílům v základních směrech islámského politického myšlení, zejména na sekularismu a islamismu. Zaměříme se také na koncept státu s pohledu islámu. Třetí kapitola zahrnuje události arabského jara. Pozornost bude věnována příčinám revoluční vlny a společným znakům zasažených států. Zanalyzujeme dosavadní politický vývoj a průběh revoluce ve vybraných státech a shrneme výsledky revolucí. Pro podrobný rozbor budou vybrány státy, v nichž arabské jaro způsobilo výrazné změny. Pozornost věnujeme i roli moderních médií, která sehrála v šíření revoluční vlny významnou roli. Ve čtvrté kapitole se zaměříme pedagogickou aplikaci tématu. Vymezíme společná témata v této práci a příslušných vzdělávacích programech a navrhneme konkrétní způsoby jejich využití. Státy severní Afriky byly po dobu několika desetiletí charakteristické poměrně malou proměnlivostí svého politického systému. Způsob vlády v těchto státech nebyl demokratický, autoritativní režimy po dlouhou dobu své vlády zůstávaly stabilní. Mezi léty 2010 – 2012 prošla státy severní Afriky a blízkého východu revoluční vlna známá jako arabské jaro. Arabské jaro je poměrně novým tématem, které nebylo doposud v české literatuře příliš reflektováno. Z česky psaných zdrojů byl pro tuto práci významný sborník textů Arabské jaro rok poté. Pro aktuální informace byly využity cizojazyčné zdroje, především odborné časopisy a zpravodajské servery BBC News, The New York Times a Al-Jazeera. Diplomová práce vychází z českých i zahraničních zdrojů, ve kterých se vyskytují rozdílné formy psaní vlastních jmen. Některé zdroje používají český fonetický 5 přepis jména, jiné pracují s anglickým nebo francouzským způsobem psaní. Například jméno vůdce tuniských islamistů se v použitých zdrojích objevovalo ve formách: Rachid Ghannouchi, Rashid al-Ghannushi, Rášid Ghannúší. Z důvodů přehlednosti práce užíváme vždy pouze jednu formu psaní jména, nejčastěji je to anglický způsob psaní, protože z anglických zdrojů vycházíme v částech práce popisujících aktuální situaci. Výjimku tvoří části práce popisující politický vývoj Egypta a Libye, v těchto částech jsme vycházeli převážně z česky psaných zdrojů a proto používáme způsob psaní vlastních jmen užívaných v těchto zdrojích. V práci je také použit nejednoznačný pojem Západ. Pojem se objevuje v pracích L. Kropáčka a v této práci jej používáme ve stejném smyslu. Pojmem Západ se
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