Call for Gardens' Deciduous Azalea Collections Data Copyright 2016 by the Azalea Society 61 Yes, You Can Write for the Azalean of America
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Propagating with Nature: Simpler Is Better by Mike Creel Written for July 21, 2005 Workshop at the 22Nd Annual Cullowhee Conference “Native Plants in the Landscape
Propagating WITH Nature: Simpler Is Better By Mike Creel Written for July 21, 2005 workshop at The 22nd Annual Cullowhee Conference “Native Plants in the Landscape CONTENTS Page ---- Topics 1 -- Why You Came Here - To Learn Simple Propagation What Is Different About Creel-Way Propagation? Low-Tech, Simple, Outdoors, Cheap A Few “Technical Terms Why Learn to Propagate Native Plants 2 -- How to Get Started in Creel-Way Propagation Principles of Creel-Way Propagation When Sticking Cuttings When Planting Seed Pots Identification Tags Woody Cutting Theory 3 -- Selecting & Mixing Your Media One All-Purpose Media Mix Shade Cloth Cools Cuttings Just Local Humus, No Rooting Hormones, Repotting Cuttings Varmint Caps for Seed Pots 4 -- Drilling Pots To Improve Drainage Drilling Thin-Walled Plastic Rescuing Pots In Peril Hold-Down Wires 5 -- Selection And Use Of Propagation Domes 6 -- Cuttings by the Calendar - Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall 7 -- Cutting Selection for Native Azaleas and Other Plants Unusual Cutting Types - InstantPlant, SuperPlant Unorthodox Propagation Pots - High-Rise, Collander, Dome-Pot Potpourri 8 -- Propagator’s Review Propagation With Motivation, Advantages of Creel-Way My Latest Experiments, Several Rules Nature Is My Greenhouse, Sharing Your Fruits 9 -- American Native Azalea Species in Bloom Order for Southeast Photos and Illustrations 10 -- Creel-Way Dome-Pot one gallon 11 -- Recommended Pots & Domes 12 - -Drilling & Filling Pots for Good Drainage 13-- Menagerie of Dome-Pots 14 -- Collander Dome-Pot 15 -- Dormant Cuttings Are Really Pruning Mike Creel 155 Cannon Trail Road Lexington, South Carolina 29073 [email protected] 1 -- Propagating WITH Nature: Simpler Is Better by Mike Creel Why You Came - You have probably come to this workshop wanting to learn new, simpler ways to propagate native plants on a small scale, and you will! I do not use rooting hormones other than what is contained in the plant cutting and in local soil bacteria. -
Characterizing the Genetic Variation in Seven Species of Deciduous Native Azaleas and Identifying the Mechanism of Azalea Lacebug Resistance in Deciduous Azalea
CHARACTERIZING THE GENETIC VARIATION IN SEVEN SPECIES OF DECIDUOUS NATIVE AZALEAS AND IDENTIFYING THE MECHANISM OF AZALEA LACEBUG RESISTANCE IN DECIDUOUS AZALEA by MATTHEW RANDOLPH CHAPPELL (Under the direction of Dr. Carol Robacker) ABSTRACT Despite the ecologic and economic importance of native deciduous azaleas (Rhododendron spp. section Pentanthera), our understanding of interspecific variation of North American deciduous azalea species is limited. Furthermore, little is known concerning intraspecific or interpopulation genetic variation. The present study addresses questions of genetic diversity through the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Twenty-five populations of seven species of native azalea were analyzed using three primer pairs that amplified a total of 417 bands. Based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and estimates of Nei’s coefficients of gene diversity (HS, HT, and GST), the majority of variation in deciduous azalea occurs within populations. Both among species and among population variation was low, likely the effect of common ancestry as well as frequent introgression among members (and populations) of section Pentanthera. The majority of populations were grouped into species based on Nei’s unbiased genetic distances viewed as a UPGMA phenogram. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to breeding in section Pentanthera. In addition to the lack of information concerning genetic variation in North American native azaleas, little is known concerning the insect-plant interaction between the primary azalea pest in the United States, azalea lace bug (ALB) (Stephanitis pyrioides Scott), and deciduous azalea. Azaleas are largely resistant to predation by insects, with the exception of ALB. Within deciduous azalea (Rhododendron section Pentanthera) varying levels of resistance to ALB is observed with a continuous distribution from susceptible to highly resistant. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Rhododendron L. Section Pentanthera G
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF RHODODENDRON L. SECTION PENTANTHERA G. DON (ERICACEAE) BY KATHLEEN ANNE KRON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1987 , ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the supervision and encouragement given to me by Dr. Walter S. Judd. I thoroughly enjoyed my work under his direction. I would also like to thank the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Bijan Dehgan, Dr. Dana G. Griffin, III, Dr. James W. Kimbrough, Dr. Jonathon Reiskind, Dr. William Louis Stern, and Dr. Norris H. Williams for their critical comments and suggestions. The National Science Foundation generously supported this project in the form of a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant;* field work in 1985 was supported by a grant from the Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina. I thank the curators of the following herbaria for the loan of their material: A, AUA, BHA, DUKE, E, FSU, GA, GH, ISTE, JEPS , KW, KY, LAF, LE NCSC, NCU, NLU NO, OSC, PE, PH, LSU , M, MAK, MOAR, NA, , RSA/POM, SMU, SZ, TENN, TEX, TI, UARK, UC, UNA, USF, VDB, VPI, W, WA, WVA. My appreciation also is offered to the illustrators, Gerald Masters, Elizabeth Hall, Rosa Lee, Lisa Modola, and Virginia Tomat. I thank Dr. R. Howard * BSR-8601236 ii Berg for the scanning electron micrographs. Mr. Bart Schutzman graciously made available his computer program to plot the results of the principal components analyses. The herbarium staff, especially Mr. Kent D. Perkins, was always helpful and their service is greatly appreciated. -
Rhododendrons and Azaleas at Shore Acres
Overview Tips on Growing Rhodies and Azaleas All rhodies and azaleas are members Most azaleas and small-leaved rhodies of the genus Rhododendron. Azaleas Rhododendrons Rhodies and azaleas do not like “wet feet.” They prefer moist well- enjoy considerable sun in the Pacific differ from rhododendrons in that they Northwest if given adequate moisture can be evergreen or deciduous, while drained acid soil that contains lots of and Azaleas organic material. If your soil is a heavy during dry periods. Avoid hot spots like most rhodies are evergreen. They tend the south and west walls of buildings. However to have smaller leaves and flower clusters, clay-type, try to improve it by adding organic at Shore Acres material like compost or ground bark. Thoroughly the vast majority of rhodies and azaleas will as opposed to the larger flower trusses of not thrive in full or complete shade. More rhododendrons. Azaleas usually have 5-lobed dig or rototill in with the native soil. Do not totally replace the old soil with new material. shade promotes deeper green foliage but low flowers with 1 stamen per lobe, as opposed light intensity also reduces flower bud set to rhododendrons, which have 2 stamens per There should be a blend of native soil and soil amendments in the planting hole. If conditions and produces a leggier plant as it tries to find lobe. Other technical points that distinguish adequate sunshine. azaleas from rhododendrons are best left to are really challenging, consider a raised bed with those with microscopes. at least half of the root ball above the general ground level and good soil mounded around it. -
Towards Broader Adaptability of North American Deciduous Azaleas Alexander Q
Towards Broader Adaptability of North American Deciduous Azaleas Alexander Q. Susko, James M. Bradeen, and Stan C. Hokanson orth American deciduous azaleas have and many shades in between, providing tremen- long been adored by horticulturists. dous spring and summer interest in the garden. NThese plants, which belong to the Quickly recognized for their horticultural merit, genus Rhododendron sect. [section] Pentan- North American deciduous azaleas piqued the thera, comprise 15 species distributed from interest of plant collectors upon their discovery Texas to Florida, extending northwards to and continue to be widely lauded by gardeners southern Maine, and with one species occurring today. This has led to a proliferation of cultivars in mountainous areas of Oregon and California. and interspecific hybrids that provide a beauti- These species display a wide range of flower ful floral display every year both in gardens and color, from pure white to deep orange, pink, in the wild (Azalea Society of America 2016). WILLIAM (NED) FRIEDMAN As a common name, “rhododendron” usually refers to large evergreen shrubs whose flowers have ten stamens, such as this elepidote cultivar ‘Album Grandiflorum’ (accession 22810-A) growing in the Arnold Arboretum’s Rhododendron Dell. 16 Arnoldia 74/2 • October 2016 Over 240 unique accessions of Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera exist at the Arnold Arbore- tum including many interspecific hybrids, vari- The Linnaean system classifies organisms into ous cultivars, and 12 of the 15 deciduous azalea increasingly narrow groups until reaching the species native to North America (Table 1). The individual species level. Classification (to the accessions at the Arnold Arboretum have ori- section level) for the North American deciduous gins in a wide range of environments and could azaleas is shown here (US-GRIN 2016). -
The Red List of Rhododendrons
The Red List of Rhododendrons Douglas Gibbs, David Chamberlain and George Argent BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the International, Richmond, UK world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve © 2011 Botanic Gardens Conservation International threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of ISBN: 978-1-905164-35-6 human needs. Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a partnership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees imply any expression on the part of the authors and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of information, or Botanic Gardens Conservation International delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
July-August Bay Leaf
July-August 2005 The Bay Leaf California Native Plant Society • East Bay Chapter • Alameda & Contra Costa Counties www.ebcnps.org CALENDAR OF EVENTS Native Here p. 6 Saturday July 16, 10:00 am, field Trip to Cedar Fridays, July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and Aug 5, 12, 19, 26 Mountain Native Here Nursery open 9-noon Sunday July 24 at 2 pm, Pioneer Tree Trail, Samuel Saturdays, July 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 and Aug 6, 13, 20, Taylor State Park 27 nursery open 10-1 Saturday August 6 10:00 am, field trip onBlue Oak/ Tuesdays, July 5, 12, 19, 26 and Aug 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Spengler Trail to Chaparral in Briones Regional Native Here seed collecting, 9 am Park Wednesday August 24 6:30 pm, keying session at Plant Sale Activities p. 6 Native Here Nursery Tuesdays, July 5, 12, 19, 26, 9 am to 2 pm, Merritt College, Oakland Board of Directors’ Meeting Saturday, August 13th, 10 am, Merritt College, Oak- Field Trips p. 5 land Saturday, July 9, 2005, Field Trip to Calaveras Big Trees State Park and Environs MOUNT DIABLO BUCKWHEAT REDISCOVERED Eriogonum truncatum has been dubbed the “Holy Grail I was working on the Mount Diablo project and target- of the East Bay” by Barbara Ertter. For such a delicate ing areas favorable to unusual plants. Further, a close plant, this name is somewhat deceptive. When Seth eye was to be kept for the diabolically elusive Mount Adams of Save Mount Diablo was brought to the site, Diablo Buckwheat that I believed was present in some he was unable to perceive the plant though it stood difficult to reach spot on the mountain. -
APALACHICOLA NATIONAL FOREST PETS PLANT SPECIES LIST (Subset of the R8 Regional Forester's List Dated 08/07/01) Revised August 7, 2001 Effective January 1, 2002
APALACHICOLA NATIONAL FOREST PETS PLANT SPECIES LIST (Subset of the R8 Regional Forester's List dated 08/07/01) Revised August 7, 2001 effective January 1, 2002. SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Endangered Harperocallis flava Harper's Beauty Threatened Macbridea alba White Birds-in-a-Nest Pinguicula ionantha Godfrey's Butterwort Scutellaria floridana Florida Skullcap Sensitive Agalinis divaricata Pinelands false foxglove Agrimonia incisa Incised Groovebur Andropogon arctatus Pine-Woods Bluestem Angelica dentata Coastal-Plain Angelica Aristida patula Tall threeawn Aristida simpliciflora Southern threeawn grass Arnoglossum diversifolium Variableleaf Indian plantain Arnoglossum sulcatum Indian plantain Asclepias viridula Southern Milkweed Aster chapmanii Chapman's Aster Aster eryngiifolius Coyote Thistle Aster Baptisia simplicifolia Coastal Plain Wild Indigo Berlandiera subacaulis Florida Greeneyes Boltonia apalachicolensis Apalachicola Doll's Daisy Calamintha dentata Toothed Savory Carex baltzelli Baltzell's sedge Carex decomposita Cypress-knee sedge Cleistes bifaria Small spreading pogonia Coreopsis nudata Georgia Tickseed Euphorbia discoidalis No Common Name Forestiera godfreyi Godfrey's swampprivet Galactia microphylla No Common Name Gentiana pennelliana Wiregrass Gentian Hymenocallis henryae Panhandle Spiderlily Hypericum chapmanii A Saint John's-Wort Hypericum exile A Saint John's-Wort Justicia crassifolia Thick-leaved Water Willow Lachnocaulon digynum Bog Button Lachnocaulon engleri Engler's bogbutton Linum westii West's Flax Lythrum curtissii -
Rhododendron Prunifolium (Small) Millais
Common Name: PLUMLEAF AZALEA Scientific Name: Rhododendron prunifolium (Small) Millais Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Azalea prunifolia Small Family: Ericaceae (heath) Rarity Ranks: G3/S3 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: none Description: Deciduous shrub to 15 (4.5 m) feet tall, with hairless twigs. Leaves 1 - 3 inches (2.5 - 8 cm) long, - 1 inch (1 - 3 cm) wide, alternate, deciduous, oval with pointed tips and tapering bases, with no or short leaf stalks, hairy primarily on veins and margins. Flowers 1 ½ - 2 inches (4 - 5 cm) long, orange to red, funnel-shaped with 5 spreading petals and 5 long, showy stamens; not fragrant. Fruit a pointed, elongated capsule, - 1 inch (1.7 - 2.2 cm) long, covered with short, pointed hairs. Similar Species: Other orange-flowered wild azaleas (Rhododendron austrinum, R. flammeum, R. calendulaceum) flower April–May, and have hairy twigs and leaves. Sweet white azalea (R. arborescens) has white, fragrant flowers during the summer, and may be in flower or fruit at the same time as plumleaf azalea; its fruits are covered with knob-tipped hairs. Related Rare Species: Florida flame azalea (Rhododendron austrinum) occurs on river bluffs and stream banks in southwest Georgia. Oconee azalea (R. flammeum) occurs in several counties in the lower Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain. Both species are ranked as rare or vulnerable throughout their ranges (G3S3). Habitat: Moist hardwood forests in ravines, usually with beech, spruce pine, maple, and southern magnolia, and on wet, sandy stream banks. Life History: Although capable of sprouting from roots, plumleaf azalea reproduces primarily by seed; it does not form thickets or colonies. -
Lazy K Nursery, Inc
LAZY K NURSERY, INC. Winter - Spring 2008 valid until changed Mail Order Lazy K Nursery, Inc. has been specializing in native American plants since 1958. We maintain one of the largest stocks available of native deciduous Rhododendrons, commonly called Native American Azaleas. The American azalea species of the southeastern United States have been called, by many plant authorities, “the most beautiful of our indigenous flowering shrubs.” They offer the possibility of an almost continuous sequence of bloom from late March until September. In addition, native azaleas display a broad range of unusual flower colors and grow in a variety of heights and sizes. Many of them provide intense fragrances along with their bloom. An added bonus is their handsome sculptural forms that highlight the winter landscape. All are winter hardy to USDA Zone 6; several will withstand even colder temperatures. Our production consists of nursery propagated container stock grown from cuttings or seed of selected plants. It is most important to understand that due to their genetic composition, seed grown native azaleas are variable, within the parameters of the species, as to flower size and color, among other characteristics. Our goal is to replicate plants that are excellent examples of those that occur in nature. Our cutting grown plants are from specimens that represent typical or unusual forms of the species. We ship plants from October 1 to March 31 only. Shipments will be made by U.P.S. ground service unless other shipping instructions are received. For shipping information, please see order form. 1 NATIVE AMERICAN AZALEAS All American azalea species, cultivars and hybrids, are a minimum of three years old and grown in gallon containers and are priced at $12.00 unless otherwise noted. -
Rare Vascular Plant Taxa Associated with the Longleaf Pine Ecosystems: Patterns in Taxonomy and Ecology
Rare Vascular Plant Taxa Associated with the Longleaf Pine Ecosystems: Patterns in Taxonomy and Ecology Joan Walker U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Department of Forest Resources, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 ABSTRACT Ecological, taxonomic and biogeographical characteristics are used to describe the group of 187 rare vascular plant taxa associated with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) throughout its range. Taxonomic and growth form distributions mirror the patterns of common plus rare taxa in the flora. Most of the species have rather narrow habitat preferences, and narrow geo graphic ranges, but a few rare sp~cies with broad habitat tolerances and wider geographic ranges are identified. Ninety-six local endemics are associated with longleaf pine ecosystems. This incidence is as high as in other comparably-sized endemic-rich areas in North America. A distinct geographic trend in rare species composition is indicated. Species fall into 4 groups: Florida longleaf associates, south Atlantic coastal plain, east Gulf coastal plain, and west Gulf coastal plain species. Distributional factors that produce rarity must be considered in the development of conser vation strategies. Overall, conserving longleaf communities rangewide will protect .large ~ numbers of rare plant taxa in Southeastern United States. INTRODUCTION 1986), and inevitably the strategies required to con serve them will differ. Recently Hardin and White (1989) effectively focused conservationists' attentions on the high The purposes of this study are to (1) identify numbers of rare species associated with wiregrass the rare species associated with longleaf pine eco (Aristida stricta), a grass that dominates the ground systems rangewide; (2) characterize the rare spe layer of longleaf communities through a large part cies taxonomically and ecologically, in order to of its range, and over a broad range of longleaf identify patterns that may distinguish this group habitats.