DOCSLIB.ORG

FSOA May Newsletter 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FSOA May Newsletter 2018 Issue 017 May 2018 NEWSLETTER ‘Safe standing’ to be discussed in Parliament after campaign Safe-standing in the Premier League and Championship will be debated The plan was rejected by the government, and the Football Supporters' in Parliament on June 25th following a petition to the government which Federation responded by saying sports minister Tracey Crouch was was signed by more than 110,000 people. "declaring war on fans". The government previously said there were no plans to change the all- The Premier League asked for more evidence before it could be allowed seater policy after West Bromwich Albion had a proposal to trial ‘safe at top-flight stadiums. standing’ in one of its stands rejected. League One promotion chasers Shrewsbury received delivery of new Standing in English football's top two divisions was outlawed by the safe-standing rail seats which they plan to install at their stadium this Football Spectators' Act in 1989. summer. It came following recommendations made in the Taylor Report into the Sports minister Crouch said she was "grateful" for fans "expressing their Hillsborough disaster, which claimed the lives of 96 Liverpool fans. views on this issue". West Bromwich who were recently relegated from the Premier League, In a statement, the government reiterated their belief that "all-seater proposed a pilot scheme that would have meant 3,600 seats in the stadia are currently the best means to ensure the safety and security of Smethwick End were converted to 'rail seats', which can be locked in an fans”. But they added that they would continue to "consider advances in upright position. technology and data that may enhance the existing policy". The FSOA’s statement following the decision: “We have noted with interest that a petition in support of so-called ‘safe standing’ has gathered momentum among spectators and clubs following the Government’s decision to reject a pilot scheme at West Bromwich Albion and will now be considered for a debate in Parliament. “The issue of supporters persistently standing in seating areas is one that affects all-seater football stadia up and down the country and threatens to compromise the safety of thousands of fans every match day. “Something must be done to tackle this issue, and the introduction of an alternative such as dual-purpose seating or other systems currently being developed to enhance safety should not be ignored. “The FSOA was therefore disappointed with the decision to reject the trial, which would have provided the perfect opportunity to gather much-needed data and feedback on alternative systems that are not intended to encourage more fans to stand but instead create a safer environment for those who already persist in doing so. “Only by allowing trials of dual-purpose seating to go ahead can enough information be gathered to enable the Survey for members Government to make an informed decision on whether such an alternative is safer than the status quo. The safety of spectators must always remain The issue of fans standing persistently is one that affects grounds across the paramount, which is why it is pleasing that this issue will be given the careful country. The FSOA will be conducting a survey among members to find out consideration it deserves with how this issue affects your club, how you try to combat it and what solution the view of enabling positive change and you think would work best. Thank you in advance for taking the time to enhancing match complete this to help us move forward with a resolution. day safety at all grounds going forward.” ‘Safe Standing’ articles continue over page Issue 017 May 2018 Work begins to Safety rails plan at install rail seating at Oxford United Oxford United are continuing to investigate the possibility of Shrewsbury Town FC introducing the Ox-Rails: Supporting Safer Spectators concept at the Kassam Stadium. This would see the installation of a safety rail, independent of the seats, in sections of the East [Home] and North [Away] Work has begun on making Shrewsbury Town Football Club the first stands. The sections would remain as seated areas but the club in England and Wales to install safe standing. introduction of this additional safety control measure would In 2017, £65,000 was raised for the Supporters’ Parliament-led prevent the risk of a progressive crowd collapse by supporters initiative which will see 555 rail seats placed into the Salop Leisure who have chosen to persistently stand. South Stand. In February 2018 the overwhelming majority of the Oxford The rail seats have been made by local company Ferco Seating and United Safety Advisory Group members, including representatives of the Fire & Ambulance Services, supported the fitters were at the stadium early on Tuesday morning to start the the Ox-Rails concept. The club were informed, again in work, which is scheduled to take two weeks. February, that the Stadium would receive a licence under the Town CEO Brian Caldwell has been involved with the process from Football Spectators Act 1989 with the Ox-Rails: Supporting the beginning and is delighted to see the installation begin. Safer Spectators concept installed. The stadium would remain “They were here at 7.30am”, said Brian. “The plan is to get most of a seated venue. the seats out and then start working on installing the safe standing Ian Mixter, Head of Crowd Safety at Oxford United, who has worked on the project since October 2017 said, units, so it’s a nice sight to see them starting the work. “It is great to be able to update our supporters with “It’s going to hopefully help the atmosphere going forward. information regarding the concept; one which grew out of a “Hopefully, having that big body of support behind the South request for me to look at the feasibility of a dedicated area for Stand, cheering the team on, will help us in the long term as well. the Ultras. “It’s good for the town as well that we are putting Shrewsbury on “Although a time frame cannot be placed on completion of the map. the project the next stage will see the installation of a test build of an Ox-Rail, in front of a single row of seats in the East “We’ve had unbelievable coverage for safe standing and what’s Stand, to allow the safety barrier to undergo rigorous testing. happened with West Brom recently has highlighted it and had “Analysis of the results will allow for the design, if required, to everyone wanting to speak to us again about it. The fact that we be amended. The safety of spectators, both home & away, is are getting the safe standing units to be the first installed in England paramount and the club is committed to ensuring that this and Wales is going to be huge and there will be media interest on groundbreaking concept complies with the safety standards the club again.” required by the regulating authorities. “Running concurrent will be continued consultation with our Roger Groves, joint chair of the Supporters Parliament said now was supporters, including OXVOX and season ticket holders, to a great time to be a supporter of the club. ensure that when installed the Ox-Rails: Supporting Safer “It is really exciting to see the safe stands go in,” he said. “We have Spectators concept matches their expectations of a safe and done so much background work on this to see it taking shape is supportive environment in which to view matches. great. It is like buying a new house off plans and then seeing it all “Oxford United are continuing discussions with the Sports come together. Ground Safety Authority to allow the concept to continue within the Stadium should the club be promoted to the "It would not have been possible without the support we have from Championship.” the fans and businesses who helped us raise £65,690. We had Niall McWilliams, Oxford United’s Managing Director said: money from the club as well as £10,000 from Fansbet which really “First of all we would like to thank Ian for his hard work boosted the funds. on this project. He has been very much the driving “I was down at the ground and was so proud to see it all go in. It force and has done a fantastic job in getting it this has been brilliant to finally see it come to fruition.” far. We would love to see Ox-Rails at the stadium and will continue to work with all relevant parties to try and make this happen.” Issue 017 May 2018 Details unveiled for FSOA’s 2018 October Conference & Exhibition Details have been unveiled for the FSOA’s upcoming Conference & Exhibition, which will take place on October 16th and 17th. The event will take place at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, in Stratford-upon-Avon, and will give FSOA members the opportunity to network with peers, listen to talks by experts and get a glimpse of the latest technology and services available to improve safety at stadiums. A full agenda of speakers, interactive sessions and presentations for the full-day conference on October 17th will be unveiled shortly, but the FSOA is delighted to announce the VIP after-dinner guest speaker as boxing legend, Frank Bruno MBE. The former world heavyweight champion boxer is one of the most well-loved and recognisable boxers in British history who has been candid about his personal struggles with mental health outside of the ring. The evening of entertainment will once again by compered by longstanding friend of the FSOA, Andy Ashworth. Ahead of the conference and exhibition, guests are invited to take a boat trip along the River Avon on October 16h.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Safe Standing – What Are Rail Seats
    © Stadionwelt.de What Are Rail Seats? Robust metal seats with a high back forming Rail seats are widely used in Germany. a sturdy rail for safe standing. Fitted in place UK distribution is via the supplier of all of normal seats they link together to create a 60,000 seats for the Emirates Stadium. continuous, strong rail right along the row. The hihistorystory of rail seats Height and strength comply with government German football clubs see standing as requirements. They are also approved for an integral part of fan culture. Every use as seats by UEFA and FIFA, e.g. for ground provides standing areas. At World Cup and Champions League matches. 2011 champions Borussia Dortmund, for instance, there is standing for 27,000 The seats fold up flush between the uprights, fans, a third of the stadium capacity. thus creating wider clearways than along rows of normal seats. In 2000, the clubs faced a challenge. UEFA stipulated that grounds staging BENEFITS OF THE RAIL SEAT SOLUTION Champions League and UEFA Cup • Answers fans’ call for choice games had to be all-seater. What to do? • Makes football more socially inclusive The clubs were committed to standing • Counters problems of ageing fan base but had to comply with UEFA’s new • Safer than standing at low-backed seats rules. They found three solutions. One • Saves money on seat repairs was ‘Variositze’, ‘rail seats’ to us. • Better access for paramedics / stewards • Rails make it harder for offenders to flee Some clubs with rail seats: Hannover 96, Werder Bremen, Stuttgart, Hoffenheim, • Stadium remains UEFA / FIFA compliant Wolfsburg, Bayer Leverkusen and HSV.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultation on Seated and Standing Accommodation at Football League Matches Contents
    CONSULTATION ON SEATED AND STANDING ACCOMMODATION AT FOOTBALL LEAGUE MATCHES CONTENTS Executive Summary ..............................................3 Scope .....................................................................4 Background ...........................................................5 Legislation and Regulations ................................7 What is Rail Seating? ...........................................9 Standing in modern stadia ................................10 Case Studies .......................................................12 The Public Debate ..............................................14 The Process for Change ....................................16 Considerations for Clubs ...................................18 Implementing Rail Seating .................................19 Questions for Clubs ...........................................21 List of References ..............................................22 All-Seater/Rail Seating Questionnaire ..............23 December 2013 Football League Operations Centre Edward VII Quay, Preston, Lancashire PR2 2YF Tel: 0844 826 5188 Football League Commercial Office 30 Gloucester Place, London W1U 8FL Tel: 0844 826 3103 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Football League Clubs have requested that The Football League review the ‘all-seater’ stadia requirement in the second tier of English football and investigate the issue of ‘rail seating’. This document sets out the current legislative, public policy and regulatory framework and what steps would be required for a change to the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Football Supporters’ Federation and the Peterborough Council for Voluntary Service
    Please Take Care of our Environment Recycle this Newsletter if no longer required IN POSH WE TRUST Patron :- Tommy Robson Members of Supporters Direct, The Football Supporters’ Federation and the Peterborough Council for Voluntary Service. Sponsored by ‘CHARTERS’ and ‘OAKHAM ALES’ NEWSLETTER No 41 September 2014 Notification of Annual General Meeting and Board Member Nominations 2014 / 2015 - Posh Players Profiles What makes P.U.F.C. a Community Club? Pete’s ‘Memory’ Lane, Posh v Notts Forest! Visit our website: www.theposhtrust.co.uk E-Mail: [email protected] Registered as a Society under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014. Registration No. 29533R with the Financial Conduct Authority. THE POSH SUPPORTERS’ TRUST Chairman Barry Bennett, Secretary John Henson, Treasurer Geoff Callen Directors : Ray Cole, Keith Jennings, Walter Moore. John Lawrence. Ken Storey. Patron Tommy Robson. Consultant Peter Lloyd. The Posh Supporters’ Trust, is a democratic not-for-profit organisation of supporters, committed to strengthening the voice of supporters in the decision-making process at Peterborough United Football Club. We seek to improve the links between the club and the community it serves, and help the club to grow to the highest level. Our Mission : To bring Peterborough United Football Club, Posh fans and the local community closer together. To help disadvantaged and deserving fans to go to a match for free under the "Smile Ticket" scheme. To help the football club by increasing the Posh fan base through our "New Posh Fans Initiative." To support football related activities locally through sponsorship and donations whenever possible. To have a substantial membership in order to represent the views of fans at meetings with the football club and to promote their interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Manchester Utd Given Permission to Trial Safe Standing at Old Trafford
    12 Thursday, April 30, 2020 Sports Manchester Utd given permission to trial safe standing at Old Trafford AFP LONDON Resuming football season MANCHESTER United have been granted permission to ‘definitely possible’, claims install 1,500 safe-standing seats for use in a trial when UEFA medical committee Old Trafford is opened again to supporters. AFP The use of barrier seating LAUSANNE has been approved following a change in regulations and a UEFA’s medical committee All football organisations feasibility study carried out by believes restarting seasons which are planning the the club. suspended because of the restart of their competi- Fans are not expected to be coronavirus pandemic “is tions will produce permitted to attend matches definitely possible”, just as comprehensive protocols... for at least a number of months several European countries with English football indefinite- are ruling out attempts to ensuring that the health of ly suspended due to the corona- return to action. those involved in the virus outbreak. “All football organisations games is protected and Even when matches do re- which are planning the restart the integrity of public turn, they will likely take place of their competitions will policy is preserved. behind closed doors for the for- produce comprehensive proto- seeable future. cols... ensuring that the health -- UEFA’s medical committee However, United insist of those involved in the games chairman, Tim Meyer, in a work can be carried out on is protected and the integrity statement the project whilst respecting of public policy is preserved,” social distancing guidelines said UEFA’s medical commit- to ensure it is ready for when tee chairman, Tim Meyer, in a possible, avoid playing com- fans can return.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom for the Terraces 2013 (PDF)
    freedomfreedom forfor thethe terracesterraces 20132012 34 COUNTRIES | 14 QUESTIONS Publisher: ProFans Sandra Schwedler Postfach 028863 10131 Berlin [email protected] www.profans.de A project of ProFans in collaboration with WELKOM IN AMSTERDAM! Another year passed by, the 6th European Football Fans’ Congress takes part in Amsterdam this weekend and meanwhile for seven years we develop the project “Freedom for the terraces”. Originally started as a part of an exhibition 2006 in Hamburg, the project became much more by now. It’s still kind of an exhibition – at least every year at the Football Fans’ Congress – but it’s also published as reader and actually it’s a really big research organised and developed by football supporters. And it’s still growing. This year we’re happy to announce that supporters of 34 countries took part and answered 14 questions about fans’ paraphernalia, police repression, ticket prices, pyrotechnics and much more. “Freedom of the terraces” is a project of ProFans in association with FSE. ProFans is a nationwide supporters’ organisation in Germany, dedicated in the fight of supporter’s rights. Actually ProFans and FSE just provide an organisational framework, but work is done by many other people around Europe resp. the world. We have to say that you did a fantastic work this year again. So, thank you very much, for answering our questions, connecting people or just being supportive! The result is magnificent! In case of any question or if you miss a country or you would like to add something, don’t hesitate to contact us via e-mail: [email protected] And now: Enjoy! Dan / Prague & Sandra / Hamburg ProFans, July 2013 – 1 – ARGENTINA s ► Capital: Buenos Aires ► Language: Spanish ► No.
    [Show full text]
  • Briefing for the Public Petitions Committee
    Briefing for the Public Petitions Committee Petition Number: PE1248 Main Petitioner: Mr Stephen Taylor on behalf of the Pars Supporters Trust Subject: Calls on the Parliament to ask the Scottish Government to encourage the football authorities in Scotland to allow professional clubs to have the option of re-introducing safe standing areas at the country’s top class football grounds. Background The introduction of all seated football stadia was a consequence of the findings of the 1989 report by Lord Taylor into the ‘Hillsborough Stadium Disaster’. The findings of the report applied to football stadia in England and Wales. Lord Taylor recommended all seated stadia for football matches in the following terms: “There is no panacea which will achieve total safety and cure all problems of behaviour and crowd control. But I am satisfied that seating does more to achieve those objectives than any other single measure” (Football Supporters’ Federation, 2007, p.5). The UK Government accepted Lord Taylor’s recommendation and implemented it through the Football Spectators Act (1989). Section 11 of the Act enables Ministers to require conditions in licences (to hold football matches) regarding the seating of spectators. At present, football matches in the Premiership and the Championship (the top two leagues in England and Wales) are required to be held in all seated stadia. The provisions of the 1989 Act do not apply to Scotland. In Scotland, membership of the Scottish Premier League (SPL) requires that: “…non-seated areas of a ground may not be utilised in a match in the Scottish Premier League” (SPL, 2008, p.3).
    [Show full text]
  • SBA17-Winners Brochure
    THE STADIUM BUSINESS AWARDS 2017 Recognising leadership, innovation & achievement in the delivery, operation and management of sports facilities globally THE WINNERS 22 June 2017 • Croke Park • Dublin VENUE OF THE YEAR For the world’s best stadium, arena or sports venue. From the small local club venue to the mega-capacity national sports stadium which deserves recognition for its outstanding performance over the past 12 months ...and the award goes to... MetLife Stadium, USA A Word from the Judges "The scale and complexity of the operation at MetLife Stadium is surely worthy of an award in any year... But 2016 was exceptional, as the stadium hosted its busiest season since opening in 2010: 61 major events and more than three million guests – with nine major events in the month of August alone. The stats are simply unassailable. MetLife Stadium is this year’s Venue of the Year winner." The Finalists •Golden 1 Center, USA •Liverpool FC’s Anfield, UK •MetLife Stadium, USA •Vodafone Arena, Turkey •Stade Pierre-Mauroy, France •U.S. Bank Stadium, USA •Parc Olympique Lyonnais, France EXECUTIVE OF THE YEAR For the sports venue leader, pioneer or visionary that has over-delivered in the past 12 months ...and the award goes to... Vivek Ranadivé Owner & Chairman, Sacramento Kings, USA A Word from the Judges "In a sports world dominated by wealthy and distant owners, Vivek has not let his own success obscure the importance of fans and community. He views the Sacramento Kings as a platform which people look to as community leaders, activists and role models. Under his leadership in Sacramento, he opened the most technologically advanced and sustainable arena in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WATNEY CUP' [Season 1973-74]
    Please Take Care of our Environment Recycle this Newsletter if no longer required Patron :- Tommy Robson Members of Supporters Direct, The Football Supporters’ Federation and Peterborough Council for Voluntary Service. Sponsored by ‘CHARTERS’ and ‘OAKHAM ALES’ NEWSLETTER No 39 August 2013 Notification of our 11th Annual General Meeting and Board Member Nominations. The Peterborough United Squad for 2013/14 At Last! Stadium Development is GO! Pete’s ‘Memory’ Lane, 1973 / 74 season. A National Trophy for Peterborough United ‘Best Away Day’ Award 2012/13 Visit our website: www.theposhtrust.co.uk E-Mail: [email protected] THE POSH SUPPORTERS’ TRUST Registered in England and Wales with the Financial Services Authority as an Industrial & Provident Society. Registration number: 29533R. Patron Tommy Robson Chairman Barry Bennett, Vice-Chair Paul Froggitt, Secretary John Henson, Treasurer Geoff Callen Directors : Ray Cole, Tony Griffin, Keith Jennings, Paul Little, Walter Moore. John Lawrence. Consultant Peter Lloyd. The Posh Supporters’ Trust, is a democratic not-for-profit organisation of supporters, committed to strengthening the voice of supporters in the decision-making process at Peterborough United Football Club. We seek to improve the links between the club and the community it serves, and help the club to grow to the highest level. Our Mission : To bring Peterborough United Football Club, Posh fans and the local community closer together. To help disadvantaged and deserving fans to go to a match for free under the "Smile Ticket" scheme. To help the football club by increasing the Posh fan base through our "New Posh Fans Initiative." To support football related activities locally through sponsorship and donations whenever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Standing at Football
    By John Woodhouse 31 August 2021 Standing at football Summary 1 The current position 2 Time for change? commonslibrary.parliament.uk Number 03937 Standing at football Image Credits Attributed to: Fulham FC v Bolton Wanderers, 2002 by mightymightymatze. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 / image cropped. Disclaimer The Commons Library does not intend the information in our research publications and briefings to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. We have published it to support the work of MPs. You should not rely upon it as legal or professional advice, or as a substitute for it. We do not accept any liability whatsoever for any errors, omissions or misstatements contained herein. You should consult a suitably qualified professional if you require specific advice or information. Read our briefing ‘Legal help: where to go and how to pay’ for further information about sources of legal advice and help. This information is provided subject to the conditions of the Open Parliament Licence. Feedback Every effort is made to ensure that the information contained in these publicly available briefings is correct at the time of publication. Readers should be aware however that briefings are not necessarily updated to reflect subsequent changes. If you have any comments on our briefings please email [email protected]. Please note that authors are not always able to engage in discussions with members of the public who express opinions about the content of our research, although we will carefully consider and correct any factual errors. You can read our feedback and complaints policy and our editorial policy at commonslibrary.parliament.uk.
    [Show full text]
  • Kicking Through the Wall: Football, Division, and Entanglement In
    Kicking Through the Wall: Football, Division, and Entanglement in Postwar Berlin By Emmanuel Hogg, BA (Hons), MA A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Carleton University Ottawa, ON © 2016, Emmanuel Hogg Abstract Seldom is the German capital referred to as a “Fußballstadt” (“football-city”). When Berlin and football are mentioned together, themes of corruption, hooliganism, the Stasi, and scandal dominate. And yet, Berlin holds a rich footballing history that dates back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has long played an important role in the lives of Berliners as spaces for sociability. In the postwar period, two divergent states emerged, each with their own competing structures of football. Whereas in the Federal Republic football remained an autonomous but not apolitical space, it was explicitly politicized in East Germany. As an important form of “soft power” during the Cold War, the people’s game reveals the extent to which the Iron Curtain was much more porous and elastic than the imagery of the Berlin Wall suggests. Rather than view football as “war without the fighting”, a microcosm that interprets the German and Cold War past as simplistic, reductive, and dichotomous, this dissertation analyzes the sport’s inherent dynamism that presented Berliners on both sides of the Wall with unique spaces for social interaction. Although both German states tried to use the sport to assert their own interests, this dissertation argues that football simultaneously provided fans with a relatively free space authorities could not effectively control, opening the opportunity for German- German interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Standing at Football a Rapid Evidence Assessment Dr Jo Welford Alex Beard Andrew Corley Dr Guy Birkin Nariah Francis Hayley Lamb
    Standing at Football A Rapid Evidence Assessment Dr Jo Welford Alex Beard Andrew Corley Dr Guy Birkin Nariah Francis Hayley Lamb Acknowledgements: We would like to thank individuals from the Premier League, English Football League, UK Football Policing Unit, Football Supporters’ Federation, Sports Grounds Safety Authority, The Football Association, Level Playing Field, Celtic FC, West Bromwich Albion FC and Oxford United FC who gave up their time to discuss this evidence review with us, along with Jon Darch and Mark Turner. Thanks also go to those who submitted evidence to be considered for this review, including the organisations and clubs acknowledged above as well as numerous academics and experts working in the sector. For more information about this report please contact: Dr Jo Welford [email protected] CFE Research Phoenix Yard Upper Brown Street Leicester LE1 5TE 0116 229 3300 www.cfe.org.uk © CFE 2019 Established in 1997, CFE is an independent not-for- profit company specialising in the provision of research and evaluation services in the fields of education, wellbeing and the economy. Contents Contents ................................................................................................................... 3 Executive summary ................................................................................................. 4 This report .......................................................................................................... 7 01. Introduction ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A 2020 Round-Up
    NEWSLETTER A 2020 Round-Up A word from our CEO, Duncan Drasdo Some of you may remember the occasion, back in 1992, when the Queen famously described the preceding 12 months as an annus horribilis. It seems that 2020 looked back on its ‘92 forefather, rolled up its sleeves and said “Hold my beer”. This is a year that few will be sorry to see behind us. It’s hard to imagine how we’d have reacted to a prediction that 2020 would see the season suspended and then games resume behind closed doors with fans excluded from stadia. Worse still Liverpool seized the chance to break a 30-year drought with their first league title* since 1990. (*Historians with Red Mancunian sympathies will delight in applying an asterisk to this entry in the record books). More seriously though, the impact of Covid on people’s lives has been immense - millions have been impacted financially and many thousands have died. Sadly, when we finally do return, there will be numerous seats at Old Trafford permanently deprived of their previous occupants. That is quite a sobering thought. It’s no exaggeration to say that Covid has dominated everything and that includes MUST’s own activities - whether they be discussions with the Club, representing our supporters, or working to support our local community through our Foodbank initiative. It’s often said that adversity brings out the best in people and that’s certainly been true of so many in this pandemic. Manchester United itself has been no exception in that respect with tremendous support for the local community, and indeed our own Foodbank Appeal with a £50,000 donation the eye- catching headline, but many more activities going on behind the scenes.
    [Show full text]