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Canadian Rail Canadian Rail No. 426 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 1992 C R H A 60 YEARS 1932 - 1992 • CANADIAN RAIL PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY BY THE CANADIAN RAILROAD HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 1-::mOR: Fred F. Angus For your memberShip in the CRHA. whiCh includes a CO-EDITOR : Douglas N. W. Smith subscription 10 Canadian Rail. write 10 : PRODU C"IQN: A. Stephen Walbddge CAHA, 120 Rue SI·Pie"g, SI. Conslan!. Que. J5A 2G9 CARTOGRAPHER: William A. Germaniuk Rates: in Canada: $29 (including G5T). LAYOUT. Fred F. Angus outside Canada: $26. in U.S. funds. PRINTING: Procel Printing TABLE OF CONTENTS THE ST. CLAIR TUNNEL 100TH ANNiVERSARy ......................... ...... DOUGLAS N.W. SMITH .. 3 THE STE. ANNES BRIDGES - THEN AND NOW ....................... .. ..... A. S. WALBRIDGE .......... 26 SALEM AND HILLSBOROUGH ACTiVITIES ................................ .............. ... DYSON THOMAS........ 32 RAIL CANADA DECiSiONS ........................................................... ................ DOUGLAS N.W. SMITH .. 34 ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO ........................ ................... ......... .............................................................. 34 THE BUSINESS CAR ...............................................................•.............................................................. 35 Canadian Rail is continually in need of JlEIWS , stories. historical data, phol0S. maps and other material. Please send all contributions to the editor: Fred F. Angus, 302 1 Tratalgar Ave. Montreal. P. Q. H3Y IH3. No payment can be made for contributions, but the contributer will begiven credit to r material SUbmitted. Material wi ll be returned to the contributor it reque sted. Rem ember "Knowledge is of little value unless it is shared with others". NATIONAL DIRECTORS Frederick F. Angus Hugues W. Bonin J . Christopher Kyle Douglas N .W. Smith Robert Carlson William La Surf Lawrence M. Unwin Jack A. Beatty Charles De Jean Bernard Martin Richard Viberg Walter J. Bedbrook Gerard Frechette Robert V.V. Nicholls A. Stephen Walbridge Alan C. Blackburn David W. Johnson Andrew W . Panko John C. Weir The CAHA has a number 01 local divisions across the coun try. Many hold regular meetings FRONT COVER: The fuhrdllr bridgf' of and issue newsle\1 ers. Further information may be obtained by WIlting \0 the division. rill' C rt/lid Tnmk Ruil... ay at SII'. All/lt.I·. NEW BAWSWICI( DIVISION CALGARV & SOUTH WESTERN OlVISION C(//wda Ea.51 (110.... SI(:. AIIIII' de IJellel'uf' P.O 8<,. 11 62 60·6100 4., A..- N E. P .Q.) 11.5 IJI1010RTaplled in 1860. TI!iJ s..nc Jo/Vl N B. E2l.a7 ~ . AhrUo T2-' 5Z8 bridge was hllill ill 1855 as I,WI of Ihe ST l..A.WHENCE VALLEV OI\l1$lON AQCj(V ~TAIN QI\lISION P.O eo. 22, S\atIOr1 'i'r PO. 60x 6102. SWiorI"C"" CTR linl' Ixrweel/ Monluul alUl TOfOIllO. Montraal P 0 H:.l8 3JS E~~rSB2NO (/lid il s/(HHI'lllliI 1899 ... hell il ....as 1'1'­ RIDEAU VAlLEY CHVISION SELKIRK DIVISION lilaCI'd by (/ 11101"(' 111(;.10'1"11 SITIICW I"(' . PO eo.962 PO 60.39 Smith I Fail. On\. 1(7A M5 RoMI$IOke e C VQE 2SO Norlll(lli Phol Q.I:ra,Jhk AI·chin'S. McCord I(INGSTOH OI'IISION CFIOWSNES T ,\ I(ETTlE VAllEY O!\IISION "'11.1"1:'11111. Phmo No. 7542 View. P O. eo. 103. Slali<ln ..... PO 6o • .tOO ~. Dn1. K71A 6P11 CrartJrOOk. B.c. VIC 4H9 TORONTO,\ VORl( DMSION NELSON ELECTRIC TRAMWA,Y SOOIE TY As part of ils activities. the CAHA operates PO eo.: !l849. T........ ' A­ IZJ ......... srre.I the Canadian Rai/"way Museum al Delson I Tomrno.Dn1. M5W1P3 Nelson. S.C. \IlL 2\18 SI. Constant, Que. which is about t 4 mIles NIAGARA O!\IISION PRINCE GEQAGE·N£CHAI(O-FfIASER DIVISION (23 Km.) Irom downtown Montreal. \I is PO. Boll S93 PO 60.2408 $I CaIhaf1nw, ~ ~ 6'.'18 PJfooe G<.orge. B.C. VO!N 286 open from late May to earty October (daily until Labour Day). Members. and their Im­ PACIFIC COAST Dl'VISIOf,I W ~lOj(n 0MIi<n LIMon ~'"" mediate 'am i~es, are admltled tree Dt cha rge . PO 80It 1005. $Wo'I'A' .....CIO PacIIC - Coast 0M$I0n v.....:ower. B C. V6C 2Pl GOAL. Of THE ASSOCIATION' THE ca..L£CTION PRESERVATION M1D OI$SEt.IINATION Of ITEMS RElATWG TO THE HISTORV Of RAILWAYS IN CANADA JANUARY - FEBRUARY 1992 CANADIAN RAIL Page 3 The St. Clair Tllnnel tOOth Allniversary By Douglas N.W. Smith (With some additional research by Fred Angus) In September 1991, special events were held in Sarnia, I doubt very much if any bridges will ever be put across Ontario and Port Huron, Michigan to mark the one hundredth either the Detroit or St Clair Rivers. The shipping in these waters anniversary of the opening, by the Grand Trunk Railway, of the St is immense, and the sh ipping interest extremely powerful in the Clair Tunnel between the two communities. The engineering State of Michigan. solutions to the difficulties imposed by the soils in the area brought The difficulties in the way of sinking tubes are certainly this project into world-wide prominence. quite as great as Mr Hannaford describes them ... '" To mark this major accomplishment, Canadian Rail takes In a letter dated January 7,1880, Hannaford stated th at the pleasure in presenting a history of this major engineering physical difficulties were such as to place a tunnel practically out accomplishment including a detailed account of the early history of the question and that if a crossing was ever required other than and construction of the tunnel as written by an anonymous the car ferry, a bridge would be the practical and least costly wal. correspondent of the Toronto Mail in 1890. This article captures the flavour of the time and the attiUldes of the Victorians towards After the fusion of the GT and Great Western railways in the progress of technology. Supplementary material brings the 1882, the matter was taken up again, as the line of the Great history of the tunnel up to the present time. Western on the one side and that of the Chicago and Grand Trunk on the other side of the river were so situated as to favour direct connection by a tunnel or otherwise. Mr Walter Shanly was THE ACCOUNT FROM THE TORONTO MAIL, requested by Sir Joseph in 1883 to make an examination of the SEPTEMBER 9, 1890 river, which he did, reporting very much in favour of a tunnel being attempted near the site which was subsequently adopted). ST CLAIR TUNNEL: [The tex t now returns to the account of the Toronto Mail 's SUCCESS OF A GREAT ENGINEERING UNDERTAKING correspondent - DNWS.] From Our Own Correspondent. The St Clair tunnel is an accomplished fact, and is now ORIGIN OF THE WORK numbered among the great engineering wonders of the world. In 1874, Sir Joseph Hickson became General Manager of After overcoming almost insurmountable obstacles the gigantic the GT. With that shrewdness and perception which has proved iron tubes have been driven from each side of the river and have such a powerful factor in placing the road in its present proud met, and nothing now remains but to lay the track in the tunnel and posi tion as one of the greatest of the trunk line systems on the excavate and grade the approaches. Thus the greatest problem of continent ... He at once set to work to consolidate the scattered subaqueous tunne lling has been satisfactorily solved. and moribund railway systems and interests of the province and The credit for this undertaking is due more particularly to amalgamate them into a quickened and harmonious whole. The two men, Sir Henry Tyler, president of the Grand Trunk (GT), and fusion of the Great Western and other roads followed, and the Sir Joseph Hickson, general manager of the railway ... railway interests were benefited accordingly ... The acquisition of lines of railway on the American side of the St Clair River and of [Here it is necessary to interject material from other sources the Great Western line on the Canadian side placed the means of into this account so as not to perpetuate an error made by the 4 carrying out the projected tunnel within the realm of possibilities . repOJter which attributed the St Clair Tunnel project to Sir Joseph The GT now has its most important lines converging on both sides Hickson, when in reality it was the brain child of Sir Henry Tyler. of the St Clair River at about the only point where the building of Those places in the article where the reporter attributes the tunnel a tunnel could be undertaken with a reasonable hope of success. to Hickson have been excised - DNWS. J On November 18 , 1879 Sir Henry Tyler wrote to Mr Hickson: "When shall we be in running order to Chicago? As soon NEED FOR THE TUNNEL as the route is, if it become, a proved SLlccess, we shaH have The traffic over the GT system, which embraces the Grand seriously to consider the question of a tlmnel at Sarnia, or a tube Trunk Railway of Canada with its various leased and acquired lines at the bottom of the St Clair river, perhaps slightly below the and connections, the Chicago and Grand T[lInk, the Detroit, Grand bottom, worked from a heading with a water-tight face ... " Haven and Milwaukee, the Toledo, Saginaw and Muskegon, and On January 3 1, 1880, Hickson wrote to Sir Henry Tyler: "In a the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroads, has been increasing so note you wrote me some time ago, you refe rred to the matter of steadily and rapidly every year that it became obvious ... that a making a tunnel beneath the River at Sarnia. I asked Mr Hannaford ferry transit would soon be inadequate for the work. The two large to tell me if any project of the kind had ever been to his knowledge, steam car ferries at present employed are worked to their full considered and reported upon.
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