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The Genealogy of the Morrison Origins in Scotland

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The Genealogy of the Morrison Origins in Scotland Page !1 of !190 The Genealogy of the Morrison Origins in Scotland: A critical evaluation of the historical evidence for the origins of the Morrisons in Scotland Alexander Weir Morrison September 2016, Updated version 17/1/2017 Page !2 of !190 CONTENTS Preface to The Genealogy of the Morrison Origins in Scotland p 6 Chapter 1 Introductory Comment p 10 Morrison DNA and the Settlement of Scotland p 10 What’s in a name? p 13 The multiple origins of the Morrison surname p 16 The Earliest Morrisons p 16 Morrison Clusters p 18 Footnote regarding Cosmo Innes’ description of the origin of names p 22 Note on the definitions of some Gaelic names p 24 Chapter 2 The Evolution of the Morrison name p 25 What are the possible origins of the Morrison name? p 25 1. St Maurice p 26 2. Morrison and the Buchanan connection p 27 3. The name Moir and Muir p 28 4. Sir Kenneth More and The Crusades p 31 Chapter 3 Crests: The Three Saracen Heads p 33 The Motto p 38 The Morrison Tartans p 39 Chapter 4 Page !3 of !190 The Clan Morrison Hoax of the Norse Origin on Lewis and Harris p 44 The Morrison Myth Makers p 44 Analysing the Fable p 46 A Note on the Genealogy of Olaf the Black p 47 Who then was the Progenitor of the Lewis/Harris Morrisons? p 49 Inventing a Legend: The Ay Mac Hormaid Myth of the Morrisons of Durness p 53 The Fife Adventurers p 63 The Morrisons of Lewis and Harris: Irish or Norse? p 65 The Adoption of the name “Morrison” on Lewis and Harris p 68 Should “Gillemoire” (Gilmour) be a Sept of the Morrisons? p 73 Chapter 5 The Origins of the Morrisons: From Lowlands to Highlands p 77 The Scottish Lowlands 1550 to 1750 p 81 The Lothians and Edinburgh p 84 Chapter 6 Examples of Significant Morrison Families During the The Reign of the Stewarts p 91 The Prestongrange and Dairsie Morrisons p 91 The Origins of the Morrisons of Prestongrange p 96 The Morrisons of Dairsie in Fife p 98 The Timeline History of Dairsie p 99 Historical note on the Spottiswood family p 100 Page !4 of !190 Sir John Morrison’s Family p 102 Biography of the Morrisons of Prestongrange p 103 Some Historical Asides p 105 Prestongrange and Ireland p 106 The Prestongrange Lineage p 108 Historical references regarding Sir William Morrison p 122 The Downfall of Sir William Morrison p 123 The end of the Prestongrange Morrisons p 127 The Barony of Prestongrange p 128 George Morrison of Little Chalfield or not? p 129 Who were the George Morrisons of Prestongrange? p 132 Factual Errors made in some Historical References p 134 George Morrison cited as a parent in the Birth OPR Edinburgh p 137 Parents of a son named George Morrison in the Birth OPR for Edinburgh p 137 Marriages of George Morrison in OPR Edinburgh not previously mentioned p 138 Morrison Burials in Edinburgh p 138 Edinburgh Records referring to Morrison p 139 Other Morrison names in records of Edinburgh p 140 Cautionary Note p 141 Chapter 7 The Aberdeen Morrisons: Bognie and Pitfour p 142 The Morrisons of Bognie p 143 The Morrisons of Pitfour p 152 Page !5 of !190 Chapter 8 Other Morrisons who made significant contributions in Burgh Affairs 1. The Morrisons of Naughton p 159 2. The James Morrison Provosts of Aberdeen p 161 Chapter 9 The Morrisons of Lewis and Harris The Morrisons who Became Clergymen p 166 Appendix 1 The contents of Prestongrange House p 168 Appendix 2 Map of Scotland p 170 Appendix 3 Lineages of the Morrisons of Prestongrange, Dairsie and Bognie p 171 References p 179 Page !6 of !190 Preface to The Genealogy of the Morrison Origins in Scotland One of the earliest attempts to detail the origins of the Morrisons in Scotland was by L A Morrison (1880). It was a noble endeavour made difficult by the fact that he was living in America and his research was conducted by mail across the Atlantic. Whilst he made significant findings into the genealogy of many Morrisons in America he also drew a fanciful conclusion about Scotland that has led to a proliferation of unsubstantiated claims based on an improbable supposition: “… let every Morrison distinctly remember that he is of Scotch descent; that his name is Scotch; and that the terms Scotch-English or Scotch-Irish, so far as they imply a different than Scotch origin, are a perversion of truth, and false to history. All evidence shows that the Island of Lewis, settled by Norsemen, was the cradle of the family; that members of it crossed to the mainland of Scotland, passed into England, Ireland, and spread from there over the earth” (p 70). Nothing could be further from the truth. In reality “all the evidence” that L A Morrison claimed unravels rapidly under the spotlight of a multidisciplinary approach which includes DNA, broad socio linguistic analysis and historical research. The facts are: 1. it is more probable that the origin of the name came to Scotland from England and spread North (with the Island of Lewis being the last region to adopt the name); which means 2. the name Morrison is not generally of Scottish origin but more likely Anglo- Norman with multiple variations; 3. there is no common Morrison progenitor as there are many different families with unrelated origins who adopted the name that has evolved from many different geographical regions; and finally 4. there is no DNA evidence to substantiate any Norse involvement in the origin of the name. Most people at some stage in life ponder their origins. There is a Television program titled “Who do you think you are?” that has been syndicated in the UK (BBC1), Australia (SBS) and the USA (NBC) that traces a “celebrity’s” family tree. There are numerous books on genealogy, professional researchers and Page !7 of !190 specialised commercial family tree making computer programs all designed to tap into this lucrative market. The central finding of this research is that the Scottish Morrisons originated in the Lowlands, identified in historical documents dating from the early 1400s. The Isle of Lewis is not the “cradle of the family” as commonly proposed and has only comparatively recently (1640) become identified with the name Morrison. The name Morrison is about the twentieth most common surname in Scotland today. The earliest record of the name Morrison so far located is that of “Arthuro Morison domino de Darleith” as a witness to the “Resignation by John MacRoger of Gleane MacKerne, in favour of John of Culquoune of Luss, of Gleane Mackecherne, etc. 7th February 1429” (The Chiefs of Colquhoun and their country by William Fraser, Vol 2, Edinburgh 1869 p 287). Eleven years later in the Aberdeen Burgh records in “1440 Sept. 18. Morison, Angus, of Kynkardyn (at request of laird of Drum) Council Register IV., 209” (Munro, 1890, Register of Burgesses of the Burgh of Aberdeen, 1399-1631, p 6) was the first of numerous entries found for Morrison in the Aberdeen Burgh register. These Aberdeen Burgh entries are discussed in detail later as they identify an established Morrison cluster in this region. Burgh records from Edinburgh and Glasgow at this time also show many Morrisons. Additionally the records of the Cistercian Monks in the Cupar Angus area during the 1400s identify Morrisons described as farmers. There is no single definitive theory for the origin of the modern day Morrison spelling, however it is most likely to have evolved from a patronymic form of either (1) Maurice/Morris (from St Maurice) to become ‘son of Morris’ (Morrison), or (2) Moor/Moore/More to become Moresoun (Morrison), or (3) Moir/Muir to become Muirson (Morrison). There are no doubt many people named Morrison who adopted the name for whatever reason just as there are those named Morrison who changed their name to another (such as the actor John Wayne). There are other curious origins such as the connection between the Buchanans and MacMaurices discussed later. There is no conclusive proof that has so far been found to support any one or more of these possibilities as being evidence for a single origin. In fact a single origin is a complete nonsense. On the balance of the evidence provided all of the above evolutionary origins demonstrate the more probable conclusion that the name Morrison has manifold origins in a range of territorial regions. When names were first written they were recorded as they sounded to the writer along with the writer’s own peculiar way of spelling. Many of the earliest records were written in Latin by monks whose works were later translated into Anglo Norman English or French, and finally Standard English. There are no doubt many families across Scotland who have surnames derived from a Page !8 of !190 translator’s misunderstanding or even possibly imposed for the sake of convenience by giving a person a name who otherwise didn’t have one at the time. Recognition must also be given as to whether the writer was from the Gaelic Highlands or the Scots English (Inglis) Lowlands since this also led to issues of accent, dialect and tradition in the way names were heard or written. The modern form of the spelling Morrison did not become fixed until the latter half of the 1800s when Scottish records such as Census, Birth, Death and Marriage became standardised. This standardisation coincided with a generally higher level of literacy both amongst the recorders and the population in general, and led to the spelling of surnames that we recognise today.
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