Structuralism
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Beke.Vp:Corelventura
„Bohemistyka” 2011, nr 3, ISSN 1642–9893 MártonBEKE interesting investigation to see how various theories and scholars have Budapeš influenced each other, sometimes ignoring political borders and cul- tural boundaries and sometimes very much affected by them, in- cluding geopolitical and historical factors, such as, for example, WorldWarII. MigratingScholars Although I mentioned above East and West, in this present paper andIdeasThePragueSchoolandScandinavia1 I intend to concentrate upon the Nordic countries. As we are going to see, the role of the Scandinavian countries was not irrelevant at all in thehistoryofstructuralismanditsimpactuponEuropeandthe US. The Prague Linguistic Circle was founded more than eighty years The first part of my paper is going to focus on the interwar period ago and it has created a system – structuralism – that is still amongst and the years of World War II, while the subject of the second part will the most influential theories in the fields of linguistics, literary theory besomereflectionsofCzechstructuralismin Scandinavia afterwar. and aesthetics. However, this very first sentence already raises several The Prague School has its roots in linguistics, its first representa- questions. Firstly, what is it that we call structuralism? Most of today’s tives and members were primarily linguists, like the above mentioned Western-European or American scholars or students would probably Vilém Mathesius, the first president of the Prague Linguistic Circle, or think of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault or Roman Jakobson, Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Josef Vachek and others. maybe Roman Jakobson. It is very likely that only a few of them However, some members of the Circle were also literary theorists and would think of the group of scholars – mostly linguists – that came to- aesthetes like Jan Mukaøovský and René Wellek. -
Indo-European Linguistics: an Introduction Indo-European Linguistics an Introduction
This page intentionally left blank Indo-European Linguistics The Indo-European language family comprises several hun- dred languages and dialects, including most of those spoken in Europe, and south, south-west and central Asia. Spoken by an estimated 3 billion people, it has the largest number of native speakers in the world today. This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of the Indo-European proto-language. It clearly sets out the methods for relating the languages to one another, presents an engaging discussion of the current debates and controversies concerning their clas- sification, and offers sample problems and suggestions for how to solve them. Complete with a comprehensive glossary, almost 100 tables in which language data and examples are clearly laid out, suggestions for further reading, discussion points and a range of exercises, this text will be an essential toolkit for all those studying historical linguistics, language typology and the Indo-European proto-language for the first time. james clackson is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, and is Fellow and Direc- tor of Studies, Jesus College, University of Cambridge. His previous books include The Linguistic Relationship between Armenian and Greek (1994) and Indo-European Word For- mation (co-edited with Birgit Anette Olson, 2004). CAMBRIDGE TEXTBOOKS IN LINGUISTICS General editors: p. austin, j. bresnan, b. comrie, s. crain, w. dressler, c. ewen, r. lass, d. lightfoot, k. rice, i. roberts, s. romaine, n. v. smith Indo-European Linguistics An Introduction In this series: j. allwood, l.-g. anderson and o.¨ dahl Logic in Linguistics d. -
Mexico Trubetzkoy Talk Slides
80 Años de los Grundzüge der Phonologie. N. S. Trubetzkoy. Presentación de la Nueva traducción y versión crítica Martes 15 de octubre de 2019 Contribu)ons of N. S. Trubetzkoy to Phonological Theory B. Elan Dresher University of Toronto 1 1. Intoducton 2 Trubetzkoy’s Grundzüge der Phonologie N. S. Trubetzkoy’s Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) was the greatest work in phonology ever published when it appeared, and it remains very important to this day. 3 Trubetzkoy’s Principios de fonología In time for its 80th anniversary we now have a wonderful new critical edition and translation into Spanish by Esther Herrera Zendeyas and Michael Herbert Knapp. 4 Introduc)on I will try to show why this book is so fundamental to the ield of phonology, and to linguistic theory more generally. At one level, we can look at the book as the first systematic and comprehensive presentation of a structuralist approach to phonology. At another level, it is a sourcebook of phonological ideas and analyses that can be mined productively, even by those working in other theoretical frameworks. One of the things that make this book great is the sheer number of ideas and analyses of many different phonological systems. 5 Introduc)on Many of the ideas Trubetzkoy introduced or expanded on in the Grundzüge have entered the phonological mainstream, though not always in the form that he intended. Also, because the book was published posthumously and the author never had a chance to check the proofs or make revisions, not everything in it is perfectly clear or consistent. -
D101 Forewordtoanessay.Pdf (927.5Kb)
A foreword to an essay by Charles de Lamberterie The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Nagy, Gregory. 2017.11.17. "A foreword to an essay by Charles de Lamberterie." Classical Inquiries. http://nrs.harvard.edu/ urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries. Published Version https://classical-inquiries.chs.harvard.edu/draft-of-a-foreword-to- an-essay-by-charles-de-lamberterie/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40827372 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Classical Inquiries Editors: Angelia Hanhardt and Keith Stone Consultant for Images: Jill Curry Robbins Online Consultant: Noel Spencer About Classical Inquiries (CI ) is an online, rapid-publication project of Harvard’s Center for Hellenic Studies, devoted to sharing some of the latest thinking on the ancient world with researchers and the general public. While articles archived in DASH represent the original Classical Inquiries posts, CI is intended to be an evolving project, providing a platform for public dialogue between authors and readers. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:Classical_Inquiries for the latest version of this article, which may include corrections, updates, or comments and author responses. Additionally, many of the studies published in CI will be incorporated into future CHS pub- lications. Please visit http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:CHS.Online_Publishing for a complete and continually expanding list of open access publications by CHS. -
Schools of Linguistics Thought
First Linguistics Lecture Schools of Linguistics Thought The Prague Linguistics Circle Prague Linguisitc Circle A group of linguists belonging to the Linguistic Circle of Prague founded in 1926. It has been considerably influential in the development of distinctive feature analysis. Roman Jackobson He was very much influenced bu trubeskoy work as they worked collaboratively along with other active memebrs of the Prague school. His ideas began to diverge in significant ways from those of his memebrs after the death of Trubetzkoy in the late 30s. “Observations sur le classement phonologique des consonnes” the article he wrote in French and presented to the Third International Congress of Phonetic Sciences in 1938 in Ghent, Jakobson made a most far- reaching breakthrough as he declared that” Basic tenet of the Article “[n]ous identifions les phonèmes d’une langue donnée en les décomposant en leurs caractères phonologiques constitutifs, c’est- à-dire que nous établissons pour chaque phonème quelles qualités l’opposent aux autres phonèmes du système en question English Translation (We identify the phonemes of a given language by decomposing them into their constituent phonological characters, that is, we establish for each phoneme the qualities it opposes to the other phonemes of the system in question.) Significance of the Article Published in 1939 in the Proceedings of the Congress, this article is frequently regarded as the debut of the second epoch of his phonological theory, since the previously marginal issue of “sub-phonemic entities” -
The Prague School's Early Concept of Distinctive Features in Multilingual Texts: a Chapter in the History of Structuralist
International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics, Vol. 4, No. 1, March 2018 The Prague School’s Early Concept of Distinctive Features in Multilingual Texts: A Chapter in the History of Structuralist Phonology Changliang Qu development of Jakobsonian phonology and the classical Abstract—In the rise and development of modern phonology, Praguian phonology. Anderson noted, for example, that “in the Prague School undoubtedly played the vital role. Although the thirties, Jakobson’s views on phonology were developed Saussure suggested that “syntagmatic” is one of the two most very much within the context of his cooperation with important features of linguistic signs, Jakobson yet discovered on the phonological level the “paradigmatic” linguistic unit – Trubetzkoy and the other members of the Prague School” [1], distinctive feature, which served as an essential concept in late and that “it was only after Trubetzkoy’s death in 1938 that th 20 century phonology. Jakobson’s theory of distinctive feature Jakobson’s own position began to diverge in significant ways is typically made known via the books he published in the from that underlying their earlier work” [1]. In this sense, the United States after WWII. However, his idea of distinctive feature had already been initiated in the 1930s during the classic late 1930s is naturally considered a vital pivot inside period of the Prague School. The term “distinctive feature” was Jakobsonian phonology. In “Observations sur le classement also used directly. The term and the idea were actively phonologique des consonnes”, the article he wrote in French responded by other members of the circle like Trubetzkoy and and presented to the Third International Congress of Phonetic Vachek and came to turn mature. -
Calvert Watkins
CALVERT WARD WATKINS Calvert Watkins, a towering figure in historical and Indo-European linguistics and president of the LSA in 1988, died unexpectedly in Los Angeles on March 20, 2013, a week after his eightieth birthday. At the time of his death he was Distinguished Profes - sor in Residence of the Department of Classics and the Program in Indo-European Studies at UCLA. He had moved to UCLA after a long career at Harvard, where he re - tired as Victor S. Thomas Professor of Linguistics and the Classics in 2003. Though born in Pittsburgh and raised more in New York than anywhere else, Cal (as he was to all who knew him ) did not feel himself an unhyphenated East Coaster . His parents , Ralph James Watkins and Willye Ward Watkins, were both from San Marcos, Texas; Ralph was an economist and government advisor whose career brought him north . Cal was intensely proud of his Texas roots, and cultivated a faintly detectable Texas drawl to the end of his days . But he was hardly ever more than a visitor to his an - cestral home state. After graduating from Friends Seminary in Manhattan , he entered Harvard with the class of 1954. He stayed there, apart from leaves and fellowships, until the last decade of his life. Cal began as a prodigy and never stopped being one. Exposure to Latin and Greek in school made him hungry for more, and by the time he was fifteen he had decided to be an Indo-Europeanist. He had already shown himself to be a remarkable practical lan - guage learner. -
Review of ML West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth
Review of M. L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007). The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Gregory Nagy. 2008. Review of M. L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007). Indo-European Studies Bulletin 13, 60–65. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12305812 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Review of M.L. West, Indo-European Poetry and Myth (Oxford 2007) Gregory Nagy [[This review was first published in Indo-European Studies Bulletin 13 (2008) 60– 65.]] West’s book is most useful for researchers in the Classics and in Indo-European studies. I have produced two different and mutually complementary reviews of it, one for Classicists and one for Indo-Europeanists, with the collegial permission of the book- review editors of Classical Review and Indo-European Studies Bulletin. In the present review for IESB, I concentrate on the usefulness of the book for those who are already well versed in Indo-European studies. The book offers a synthesis of research done by Indo-Europeanists on poetic and mythmaking traditions as reflected in Indo-European languages. As such, it rivals other recent books about these traditions. Readers of the IESB will not need to be reminded of the more general book of Jaan Puhvel (1987) or of the more eclectic book of Calvert Watkins (1995). -
Milman Parry and AL Kroeber: Americanist Anthropology and The
Oral Tradition, 16/1 (2001): 58-84 Milman Parry and A. L. Kroeber: Americanist Anthropology and the Oral Homer John F. García The view of Homer which . was to render earlier scholarship obsolete . was apparently arrived at by the reaction of an unusual mind to the text of Homer: nothing in Parry’s background (middle-class, not particularly intellectual, Welsh Quaker origins), nor in the place where he was born and lived until he went to France in 1923 . makes that reaction likely. Parry’s teachers in Greek at the University of California included two of the finest Hellenists of their generation, George Calhoun (1888-1942) and Ivan Linforth (b. 1879). Both men knew Homer well and had a sensitive understanding of his poetry. But they were not the source of any of Parry’s specific ideas. His work was as much a surprise to them as to the rest of the world. The mind that presented Homer to the world as the singer of traditional poetry was itself the product of no traditions. A. Parry 1971:xxii-xxiii Introduction Milman Parry’s mythic reputation derives from the brilliance of his scholarship, the suaveness of his rhetoric, a mysterious and untimely death, and above all his standing as a revered ancestor of American Homeric scholarship in the predominant form it now takes. Adam Parry’s words enhance the sense of something unaccountable, even miraculous, in his father’s genius; yet we can read them today, if we want to take the study of intellectual history seriously, only with a skeptical eye. -
The Main Differences Between Traditional Phonology and Generative Phonology
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1680-1684, September 2013 © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.9.1680-1684 The Application of the Individual Teaching Based on Generative Phonology in the University Yingxue Zheng Department of English Language, Private Hua Lian University, Guangzhou, China Abstract—There are the main differences between traditional phonology and generative phonology in terms of methodologies, depth and scope, which can be applied to the design and interaction in individual teaching. Generative phonology or modern phonology is more advanced than traditional phonology, but most learners can’t understand the generative phonology, so their differences can help the students understand phonology and know their nuances. The definition of phonology, the research scope and methodologies of phonology , the contrasts between traditional phonology and generative phonology from the three respects of methodology, depth and scope, which play the instructive significance on the individual teaching and the future of phonology. Index Terms—phonology, generative phonology, methodology, phonetic I. HISTORICAL REVIEW AND DEFINITION OF PHONOLOGY AND INDIVIDUAL TEACHING In the modern history of linguistics, Saussure (Hu Zhuanglin, 2001), one of the founders of structural linguistics, studied the sound absolutely and abstractly. His distinction between langue and parole leads to distinct disciplines that study sounds and their linguistic function. The former studies sound in speech acts from a physical point of view, and the latter focuses on the distinctions between the abstract phonemes and their functions within the linguistic system. He believed that phonetics would describe the actual sounds produced when one utters the form, but the form of a word, e.g. -
4 the History of Linguistics
The History of Linguistics 81 4 The History of Linguistics LYLE CAMPBELL 1 Introduction Many “histories” of linguistics have been written over the last two hundred years, and since the 1970s linguistic historiography has become a specialized subfield, with conferences, professional organizations, and journals of its own. Works on the history of linguistics often had such goals as defending a particu- lar school of thought, promoting nationalism in various countries, or focuss- ing on a particular topic or subfield, for example on the history of phonetics. Histories of linguistics often copied from one another, uncritically repeating popular but inaccurate interpretations; they also tended to see the history of linguistics as continuous and cumulative, though more recently some scholars have stressed the discontinuities. Also, the history of linguistics has had to deal with the vastness of the subject matter. Early developments in linguistics were considered part of philosophy, rhetoric, logic, psychology, biology, pedagogy, poetics, and religion, making it difficult to separate the history of linguistics from intellectual history in general, and, as a consequence, work in the history of linguistics has contributed also to the general history of ideas. Still, scholars have often interpreted the past based on modern linguistic thought, distorting how matters were seen in their own time. It is not possible to understand developments in linguistics without taking into account their historical and cultural contexts. In this chapter I attempt to present an overview of the major developments in the history of linguistics, avoiding these difficulties as far as possible. 2 Grammatical Traditions A number of linguistic traditions arose in antiquity, most as responses to linguistic change and religious concerns. -
Chapter 9: Linguistics in Prague and Vienna Between the Wars John A
Chapter 9: Linguistics in Prague and Vienna between the wars John A. Goldsmith May 5, 2016 1 The two main characters 1.1 Nikolai Trubetzkoy 1890-1938. Early studies in Russia, and a year in Leipzig. 1.2 Roman Jakobson 1896 - 1982. Three chapters: 1896-1920: Jakobson the Russian. 1920-1938: Jakobson the emigré, Jakobson the Czech. 1940-1982: Jakobson the emigré, Jakobson the American. Teacher to Morris Halle, and supporter of Noam Chomsky. Enormous imprint on Slavic studies Figure 1: Prince Nikolai Trubetzkoy in the United States in the post-war world. Need for area studies, especially in Eastern Europe, during the Cold War period. 2 Education in pre-Revolutionary Moscow Influence of Neogrammarians, and of Baudouin de Courtenay, but little yet of Saussure. 2.1 Husserl, Brentano, Gestalt psychology 3 Life in Russian exile, and Eurasianism Moral decadence, deeply connected to Western (Enlightenment) influence on Russia. Anti-semitism. Eurasianism today. Read this webpage—really: http://www.4pt.su/en/topics/eurasianism. 4 Anti-mechanism, pro-organicism, anti-universalism, pro-peoples 4.1 Anti-mechanism Figure 2: Roman Jakobson What is mechanism? What are small, random, fortuitous events? Mechanism has several aspects, as we try to read RJ and NT: (i) no room for function or goals (i.e., no room for teleology); (ii) a need to identify a small number of iden- tifiable and distinct events as causes for every event. Positively, they sought a model in which the way things are is the result of dynamic forces operative among a large number of elements. Systems are al- ways in dynamic equilibrium, and never at rest.