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Magnificat in D Major, BWV
Johann Sebastian Bach Magnificat in D Major, BWV 243 Magnificat Quia respexit Quia fecit mihi magna Et misericordia eius Fecit potentiam Deposuit potentes Suscepit Israel Gloria patri Sicut erat in principio *** Chorus: S-S-A-T-B Soloists: Soprano 1, soprano 2, alto, tenor, bass Orchestra: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 oboes d'amore, 3 trumpets, timpani, strings, continuo ************************* Program notes by Martin Pearlman Bach, Magnificat, BWV 243 In 1723, for his first Christmas as cantor of the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Bach presented a newly composed setting of the Magnificat. It was a grand, celebratory work with a five-voice chorus and a colorful variety of instruments, and Bach expanded the Magnificat text itself by interpolating settings of several traditional Christmas songs between movements. This was the original Eb-major version of his Magnificat, and it was Bach's largest such work up to that point. About a decade later, he reworked the piece, lowering the key from Eb to the more conventional trumpet key of D major, altering some of the orchestration, and, perhaps most importantly, removing the Christmas inserts, so that the work could be performed at a variety of festivals during the liturgical year. It is this later D major version of the Magnificat that is normally heard today. Despite its brilliance and grandeur, Bach's Magnificat is a relatively short work. Nonetheless, it is filled with countless fascinating details. The tenor opens his aria Deposuit with a violent descending F# minor scale to depict the text "He hath put down [the mighty]". At the end of the alto aria Esurientes, Bach illustrates the words "He hath sent the rich away empty" by having the solo flutes omit their final note. -
UWM Department of Music Concert Program Style Guide
UWM Department of Music Concert Program Style Guide Table of Contents 1. General Rules for All Titles 2. Generic Titles 3. Distinctive Titles 4. Composer Names & Dates 1. General Rules for All Titles 1.1 Titles (including movement titles) are capitalized following the rules of each language: a. English: capitalize all words except conjunctions, prepositions, and articles, unless they begin a title. b. French: capitalize all words up to and including the first noun; everything after that is lower case (except for proper nouns). c. German: capitalize first word, and all nouns. d. Italian & Spanish: capitalize first word, all else is lower case except proper nouns. 1.2 Movement Titles a. Movements follow under the main title; those in foreign languages should be italicized. b. Movement numbers are uppercase roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, rather than i, ii, iii, iv) c. If all movements of a work are performed in order, they do not need to be numbered; otherwise number the movements being performed with their original numbers. If only a few movements of many are being performed, it is possible to also add the word “Selections” in parentheses after the title to avoid confusion. Examples: Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major, BWV 1068 V. Bourrée VI. Gigue Carnaval des animaux (Selections) IV. Tortues XII. Fossiles d. It is appropriate to translate movement titles that might not otherwise be understood, particularly if they are not translated elsewhere in the program. Place translation(s) in parentheses. Example: Concerto for Orchestra I. Introduzione II. Gioco delle coppie (Game of Pairs) III. -
Brahms Reimagined by René Spencer Saller
CONCERT PROGRAM Friday, October 28, 2016 at 10:30AM Saturday, October 29, 2016 at 8:00PM Jun Märkl, conductor Jeremy Denk, piano LISZT Prometheus (1850) (1811–1886) MOZART Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, K. 488 (1786) (1756–1791) Allegro Adagio Allegro assai Jeremy Denk, piano INTERMISSION BRAHMS/orch. Schoenberg Piano Quartet in G minor, op. 25 (1861/1937) (1833–1897)/(1874–1951) Allegro Intermezzo: Allegro, ma non troppo Andante con moto Rondo alla zingarese: Presto 23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS These concerts are part of the Wells Fargo Advisors Orchestral Series. Jun Märkl is the Ann and Lee Liberman Guest Artist. Jeremy Denk is the Ann and Paul Lux Guest Artist. The concert of Saturday, October 29, is underwritten in part by a generous gift from Lawrence and Cheryl Katzenstein. Pre-Concert Conversations are sponsored by Washington University Physicians. Large print program notes are available through the generosity of The Delmar Gardens Family, and are located at the Customer Service table in the foyer. 24 CONCERT CALENDAR For tickets call 314-534-1700, visit stlsymphony.org, or use the free STL Symphony mobile app available for iOS and Android. TCHAIKOVSKY 5: Fri, Nov 4, 8:00pm | Sat, Nov 5, 8:00pm Han-Na Chang, conductor; Jan Mráček, violin GLINKA Ruslan und Lyudmila Overture PROKOFIEV Violin Concerto No. 1 I M E TCHAIKOVSKY Symphony No. 5 AND OCK R HEILA S Han-Na Chang SLATKIN CONDUCTS PORGY & BESS: Fri, Nov 11, 10:30am | Sat, Nov 12, 8:00pm Sun, Nov 13, 3:00pm Leonard Slatkin, conductor; Olga Kern, piano SLATKIN Kinah BARBER Piano Concerto H S ODI C COPLAND Billy the Kid Suite YBELLE GERSHWIN/arr. -
Key Relationships in Music
LearnMusicTheory.net 3.3 Types of Key Relationships The following five types of key relationships are in order from closest relation to weakest relation. 1. Enharmonic Keys Enharmonic keys are spelled differently but sound the same, just like enharmonic notes. = C# major Db major 2. Parallel Keys Parallel keys share a tonic, but have different key signatures. One will be minor and one major. D minor is the parallel minor of D major. D major D minor 3. Relative Keys Relative keys share a key signature, but have different tonics. One will be minor and one major. Remember: Relatives "look alike" at a family reunion, and relative keys "look alike" in their signatures! E minor is the relative minor of G major. G major E minor 4. Closely-related Keys Any key will have 5 closely-related keys. A closely-related key is a key that differs from a given key by at most one sharp or flat. There are two easy ways to find closely related keys, as shown below. Given key: D major, 2 #s One less sharp: One more sharp: METHOD 1: Same key sig: Add and subtract one sharp/flat, and take the relative keys (minor/major) G major E minor B minor A major F# minor (also relative OR to D major) METHOD 2: Take all the major and minor triads in the given key (only) D major E minor F minor G major A major B minor X as tonic chords # (C# diminished for other keys. is not a key!) 5. Foreign Keys (or Distantly-related Keys) A foreign key is any key that is not enharmonic, parallel, relative, or closely-related. -
WALTON, William Turner Piano Quartet / Violin Sonata / Toccata (M
WALTON, William Turner Piano Quartet / Violin Sonata / Toccata (M. Jones, S.-J. Bradley, T. Lowe, A. Thwaite) Notes to performers by Matthew Jones Walton, Menuhin and ‘shifting’ performance practice The use of vibrato and audible shifts in Walton’s works, particularly the Violin Sonata, became (somewhat unexpectedly) a fascinating area of enquiry and experimentation in the process of preparing for the recording. It is useful at this stage to give some historical context to vibrato. As late as in Joseph Joachim’s treatise of 1905, the renowned violinist was clear that vibrato should be used sparingly,1 through it seems that it was in the same decade that the beginnings of ‘continuous vibrato use’ were appearing. In the 1910s Eugene Ysaÿe and Fritz Kreisler are widely credited with establishing it. Robin Stowell has suggested that this ‘new’ vibrato began to evolve partly because of the introduction of chin rests to violin set-up in the early nineteenth century.2 I suspect the evolution of the shoulder rest also played a significant role, much later, since the freedom in the left shoulder joint that is more accessible (depending on the player’s neck shape) when using a combination of chin and shoulder rest facilitates a fluid vibrato. Others point to the adoption of metal strings over gut strings as an influence. Others still suggest that violinists were beginning to copy vocal vibrato, though David Milsom has observed that the both sets of musicians developed the ‘new vibrato’ roughly simultaneously.3 Mark Katz persuasively posits the idea that much of this evolution was due to the beginning of the recording process. -
Ludwig Van BEETHOVEN
BEETHOVEN Piano Pieces and Fragments Sergio Gallo, Piano Ludwig van BEE(1T77H0–1O827V) EN Piano Pieces and Fragments 1 ^ 13 Variations in A major on the Arietta ‘Es war einmal ein alter Mann’ Sketch in A major, Hess 60 (transcribed by A. Schmitz) (1818)* 0:31 & (‘Once Upon a Time there was an Old Man’) from Dittersdorf’s Theme with Variations in A major, Hess 72 (fragment) (1803) 2:42 Das rothe Käppchen (‘Red Riding Hood’), WoO 66 (1792) 13:10 * 2 Liedthema in G major, WoO 200, Hess 75 ‘O Hoffnung’ (1818) 0:22 Pastorella in C major, Bia. 622 (transcribed by F. Rovelli, b. 1979) (1815)* 0:23 ( Presto in G major, Bia. 277 (transcribed by A. Schmitz) (1793) 0:34 Ein Skizzenbuch aus den Jahren 1815 bis 1816 (Scheide-Skizzenbuch). Faksimile, Übertragung und Kommentar ) herausgegeben von Federica Rovelli gestützt auf Vorarbeiten von Dagmar von Busch-Weise, Bd. I: Faksimile, 4 Bagatelles, WoO 213: No. 2 in G major (transcribed by A. Schmitz) (1793) 0:29 ¡ Bd. II: Transkription, Bd. III: Kommentar, Verlag Beethoven-Haus (Beethoven, Skizzen und Entwürfe), Bonn. Piano Étude in B flat major, Hess 58 (c. 1800) 0:41 ™ 12 Piano Miniatures from the Sketchbooks (ed. J. van der Zanden, b. 1954) Piano Étude in C major, Hess 59 (c. 1800) 0:25 £ (Raptus Editions) (excerpts) (date unknown) 4:27 3 String Quintet in C major, WoO 62, Hess 41 No. 3. Klavierstück: Alla marcia in C major [Kafka Miscellany, f. 119v, 2–5] 0:25 4 I. Andante maestoso, ‘Letzter musikalischer Gedanke’ (‘Last musical idea’) No. -
Beethoven's Creative Process of Composition
Click here for Full Issue of Fidelio Volume 7, Number 3, Fall 1998 Beethoven’s Creative Process of Composition Reflections on Leonore (1806) And Fidelio (1814) by Anno Hellenbroich In the springtime of my life Fortune fled from me! I dared to boldly tell the truth, And chains are my reward. Florestan’s Aria, Fidelio, Act II Come, Hope! Let not the last star Of the weary be dimmed! Light my goal, be it ever so far, Love will attain it. I follow my inner impulse; I waver not; The duty of true married love Strengthens me! Leonore’s Aria, Fidelio, Act I t least three completely different productions of Beethoven’s Great Opera Fidelio (1814) were pre- Asented on German stages in 1997 alone. Can it be, that Beethoven’s musical personification of a great figure as wife, Leonore—who, in her singing celebrates Y not only “true married love,” but, by risking her life, N , n o i achieves the rescue of Florestan in the dramatic develop- t c e l l o ment of the “Great Opera”—might have a completely C r e unheard-of effect at the present historical turning point? g n a r G For sure, it is certain that the number of Fidelio perfor- e h T mances demonstrates, that, completely contrary to the Florestan is saved from Pizarro by Leonore. spirit of the times, people today are more than ever seek- ing the impact of Beethovenesque “Great Opera.” The musical changes from Leonore to If one examines the performances in detail, it is com- Fidelio—the dimly conscious metaphor pletely apparent from them, that there are still directors living in the old era of ’68-generation “director’s theater” of ‘liberation of creative power through (Regietheater).* According to one review, one of the freedom’—can be recognized as the __________ ‘loose cords’ through which the work of * A recent decades’ fad, according to which theatrical “freedom” is art is tightened and shaped. -
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) Piano Quartet in E Op 47 (1842
Robert Schumann (1810-1856) Piano Quartet in E♭ Op 47 (1842) Sostenuto assai — Allegro ma non troppo Scherzo. Molto vivace Andante cantabile Finale. Vivace Coming after his 'Liederjahre' of 1840 and the subsequent 'Symphonic Year' of 1841, 1842 was Schumann's 'Chamber Music Year': three string quartets, the particularly successful piano quintet and today's piano quartet. Such creativity may have been initiated by Schumann at last winning, in July 1840, the protracted legal case in which his ex-teacher Friedrich Wieck, attempted to forbid him from marrying Wieck's daughter, the piano virtuoso Clara. They were married on 12 September 1840, the day before Clara's 21st birthday. 1842, however, did not start well for the Schumanns. Robert accompanied Clara at the start of her concert tour of North Germany, but he tired of being in her shadow, returned home to Leipzig in a state of deep melancholy, and comforted himself with beer, champagne and, unable to compose, contrapuntal exercises. Clara's father spread an unfounded and malicious rumour that the Schumanns had separated. However, in April Clara returned and Robert started a two-month study of the string quartets of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. During June he wrote the first two of his own three quartets, the third following in July. He dedicated them to his Leipzig friend and colleague Felix Mendelssohn. The three quartets were first performed on September 13, for Clara's birthday. She thought them 'new and, at the same time, lucid, finely worked and always in quartet idiom' - a comment reflecting Schumann the critic's own view that the ‘proper’ quartet style should avoid ‘symphonic furore’ and aim rather for a conversational tone in which ‘everyone has something to say’. -
The Seventh Season Being Mendelssohn CHAMBER MUSIC FESTIVAL and INSTITUTE July 17–August 8, 2009 David Finckel and Wu Han, Artistic Directors
The Seventh Season Being Mendelssohn CHAMBER MUSIC FESTIVAL AND INSTITUTE July 17–August 8, 2009 David Finckel and Wu Han, Artistic Directors Music@Menlo Being Mendelssohn the seventh season july 17–august 8, 2009 david finckel and wu han, artistic directors Contents 3 A Message from the Artistic Directors 5 Welcome from the Executive Director 7 Being Mendelssohn: Program Information 8 Essay: “Mendelssohn and Us” by R. Larry Todd 10 Encounters I–IV 12 Concert Programs I–V 29 Mendelssohn String Quartet Cycle I–III 35 Carte Blanche Concerts I–III 46 Chamber Music Institute 48 Prelude Performances 54 Koret Young Performers Concerts 57 Open House 58 Café Conversations 59 Master Classes 60 Visual Arts and the Festival 61 Artist and Faculty Biographies 74 Glossary 76 Join Music@Menlo 80 Acknowledgments 81 Ticket and Performance Information 83 Music@Menlo LIVE 84 Festival Calendar Cover artwork: untitled, 2009, oil on card stock, 40 x 40 cm by Theo Noll. Inside (p. 60): paintings by Theo Noll. Images on pp. 1, 7, 9 (Mendelssohn portrait), 10 (Mendelssohn portrait), 12, 16, 19, 23, and 26 courtesy of Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY. Images on pp. 10–11 (landscape) courtesy of Lebrecht Music and Arts; (insects, Mendelssohn on deathbed) courtesy of the Bridgeman Art Library. Photographs on pp. 30–31, Pacifica Quartet, courtesy of the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center. Theo Noll (p. 60): Simone Geissler. Bruce Adolphe (p. 61), Orli Shaham (p. 66), Da-Hong Seetoo (p. 83): Christian Steiner. William Bennett (p. 62): Ralph Granich. Hasse Borup (p. 62): Mary Noble Ours. -
Ludwig Van BEETHOVEN
Ludwig van BEETHOVEN Romance cantabile, WoO 207 Violin Concerto in C major, WoO 5 Jakub Junek, Violin Czech Chamber Philharmonic Orchestra Pardubice Marek Štilec, Conductor Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) Romance cantabile, WoO 207 Violin Concerto in C major, WoO 5 Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn in counterpoint and with Salieri in Italian word- in 1770. His father was still employed as setting and the introductions he brought with a singer in the chapel of the Archbishop- him from Bonn ensured a favourable reception Elector of Cologne, of which his grandfather, from leading members of the nobility. His after whom he was named, had served as patrons, over the years, acted towards him Kapellmeister. The family was not a happy with extraordinary forbearance and generosity, one, with his mother always ready to reproach tolerating his increasing eccentricities. These Beethoven’s father with his own inadequacies, were accentuated by the onset of deafness his drunkenness and gambling, with the at the turn of the century and the necessity of example of the old Kapellmeister held up as abandoning his career as a virtuoso pianist in a standard of competence that he was unable favour of a concentration on composition. to match. In due course Beethoven followed During the following 25 years Beethoven family example and entered the service of the developed his powers as a composer. His early court, as organist, harpsichordist and string compositions had reflected the influences of the player, and his promise was such that he was age, but in the new century he began to enlarge sent by the Archbishop to Vienna for lessons the inherent possibilities of classical forms. -
Spohr and Schumann
SPOHR AND SCHUMANN by Keith Warsop OR MOST PEOPLE the link between Louis Spohr and Robert Schumann is limited to the latter's negative criticism of the Historrcai Symphony. In fact, the two musicians had a high regard for each other's compositions even though they each sometimes had reservations about particular aspects of certain individual works. Unfortunately, Spohr broke off his memoirs when he reached June 1838 shortly before he and Schumann met for the first time so we do not have his considered thoughts about Schumann's music in general. However, in the section of the memoirs added by his second wife, Marianne, after Spohr's death, she records that after the stay in Carlsbad detailed by Spohr in the last paragraphs he wrote down himself, they stopped in Leipzig on their way home. There, Marianne continues, "it was a source of great pleasure to him to make the long-desired acquaintance of Robert Schumann who, though in other respects exceedingly quiet and reserved, yet evinced his admiration of Spohr with great warmth and gratified him by the performanee of several of his interesting fantasias. " The two composers had, however, been in touch a few months before through the agency of a third composer, Felix Mendelssohn. On 24th November 1836, Mendelssohn wrote to Spohr requesting a song for inclusion in the wedding album of his new bride, Cdcilie Jeanrenaud, and on l3th December wrote again to thank Spohr for the song 'Was mir wohl tibrig bliebe', WoO96 (later included by Spohr as No.5 of his Op.139 Lieder collection). -
Nicolas Namoradze Honens Prize Laureate Chamber Music / Works for Piano & Voice
NICOLAS NAMORADZE HONENS PRIZE LAUREATE CHAMBER MUSIC / WORKS FOR PIANO & VOICE K. Agócs Immutable Dreams (quintet) Bartók Piano Quintet Beethoven Sonata for Piano and Violin in A Major Op. 12 No. 2 Quintet for Piano and Winds Op. 16 Sonata for Piano and Horn in F Major Op. 17 Sonata for Piano and Violin in F Major Op. 24 Sonata for Piano and Cello in A Major Op. 69 Sonata for Piano and Cello in D Major Op. 102 No. 2 Brahms Piano Trio in B Major Op. 8 Piano Quartet in G minor Op. 25 selections from Waltzes Op. 39 Sonata for Piano and Violin in G Major Op. 78 Sonata for Piano and Cello in F Major Op. 99 Piano Trio in C minor Op. 101 Britten Gemini Variations for flute, violin and piano four-hands (Secondo) Cartan Introduction et Allegro for Piano and Wind Quintet Castiglioni Quickly—Variations for Chamber Ensemble Copland Appalachian Spring (chamber version for 13 players) Why do the shut me out of heaven? (voice and piano) Danzon Cubano (Piano I) Rodeo Hoe-Down (Piano I) Debussy Sonata for Piano and Violin L. 140 La Mer (transcription for piano four-hands / Secondo) Jeux (transcription for two pianos: Roques / Primo) Petite Suite (Secondo) Prélude à l’après-midi d’une faune (transcription for two pianos / Piano I) Prélude à l’après-midi d’une faune (transcription for piano four-hands: Ravel / Secondo) Danses sacrée et profane (transcription for two pianos / Piano II) Dvorak selections from Slavonic Dances Opp. 46 & 72 Dohnányi selections from Ruralia Hungarica Op.