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MPEG-2 and DVB Digital Broadcasting

MPEG-2 and DVB Digital Broadcasting

MPEG-2 PSI (Program Specific Information) Data , DSM-CC (ISO/IEC 13818-6) Profiles: PMT Data Piping: Transport of anonymous nonsynchronized bitstreams (Ex.: ATM) Program PID 0xYY Program DVB makes it possible to Data Streaming: Transport of asynchronous, synchronous or synchronized bit streams (i.e. subtitling, home shopping) MPEG-2 and DVB Program Map Table Association Periodic transport of files of data. (i.e. EPG and interactive applications) PMT Map T able choose a program; Data Carousels: Table MPEG-2 makes it possible Multiprotocol Encapsulation (MPE): IP transmission over MPEG-2. (i.e. Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast) Acterna Test & Measurement Solutions Characteristics Service 1 PID 0x00 PID 0x01 PAT Conditional to locate the program. CAT Data 010001110 Applications Access Table 0001111001 Digital Broadcasting Piping 1110100110 PAT ES n°1 PID ESn°1 Application level interface MPEG-2 detailed T ransport Str eam (T S) Syntax SI for actual TS and other TSs: Program Association Table DVB SI (Service Information) service service service service service TS Header : 4 Bytes MPE TCP/IP ES n°2 PID ESn°2 TS received specific specific specific specific specific transport payload transport adaptation PID 0x10 Network Time and sync transport adaptation continuity error unit start PID scrambling field Payload NIT NIT Network A: Network B: byte priority field control counter PMT Service 0 PID Date Table indicator indicator control (optional) Information Table .doc PID 0x14 Data 8 1 1 1 13 2 2 4 184 x 8 bits ES n°3 PID ESn°3 PID 0x11 NITactual NITother .xls .dll DVB Bouquet TDT Carousels PMT Service 1 PID1 BAT datagram object Association Table carousel adaptation random elementary stuffing spec. (e.g.) discontinuity optional Running field access stream priority 5 flags bytes Audio IP/IPX) indicator fields ES n°4 PID ECM PID 0x11 SDT SDT SDT Data DSM-CC length indicator idnicator (N x 8) Service Status Table actual other other Data DVB data PMT Service 2 PID2 SDT Streaming DVB multi- object 8 1 1 1 5 PID 0x13 Video carousel Description Table RST protocol carousel … encaps. transport adaptation PID 0x12 DSM-CC DSM-CC transport ... Event : service specific DVB data splice private field optional DSM-CC data data OPCR private 3 flags DTS EIT Time Offset EIT P/F a ctual EITP/F and EITP/F and streaming PCR countdown data extension fields ltw_valid ltw piece wise type priv. data carousel carousel data next Information Table Schedule other Schedule other : DVB defined length length flag offset rate splice au Characteristics Service i Table EITSchedule (application area) DVB data

48 48 8 8 (M*8) 8 8 (3) … actual piping PES section (33+9) (33+9) 1 15 24 (22) 4 36 (33) ST Stuffing Table TOT Mandatory : DSM-CC defined Optional : other standard MPEG-2 Transport Stream Audio Masking MPEG-2 baseband interfaces: ES n°j PID ESn°j (IETF, ISO) dB DVB-ASI: 270 Mbit/s, coax 75 ohms or fiber optic PMT Service i PIDi data_broadcast_id: 0x0001 0x0002..4 0x0005 0x0006 0x0007 DVB-SPI or LVDS: max. 108 Mbit/s, type D pin 25 (100 ohms) PCR, SI/PSI, ES n°k PID ESn°k 60 CA, EPG TS Packet 40 Data (IP) (188 Bytes) 20 quiet threshold 0 X SI tables for PAT PMT PMT Video Audio Data ECM ES j CAT EMM MUX MPEG-2 Transport Stream . . . actual TS or Data 0.02 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 kHz Service 1 Service 2 Service 1 (PID 0x10) System1 (PID 0x00) Service 1 Service 1 other TSs ESs TS Packet (188 Bytes) Stuffing/Adaptation field compression TS Header Payload (184 Bytes) (4 Bytes) Encrypted ES Picture packet PES MPEG-2 System Syntax MPEG-2 PES optional Slice start stream packet Detailed PES Syntax code PES PES packet data bytes id length every ES bit is “XORed” PES (ISO/IEC 13818-1) prefix header with the CTRL_WORD o Macroblock Header Useful data 24 8 16 SERVICE_KEY CA System 1 PID EMM n 1 w Decryption Decryption ES Video Image PES data PES stuffing Block PES original SERVICE_KEY optional w 10 scrambling alignment copyright 7 flags header bytes CONTROL_WORD CTRL_WORD o 8x8 pixels Syntax structure priority or copy fields control indicator data length (FF) CA System 2 PID EMM n 2

I P B w Levels: 2 2 1 1 1 1 8 8 M*8 EMM Low (SIF): up to 360x288 [0xA] ; STB or IRD USER_KEY

Main: up to 720x576 [0x8] GOP (Group Of Pictures): Inter-Frame prediction DSM . additional

PTS ES PES PES j trick High-1440 (HDTV): up to 1440x1153 [6]; DTS ESCR rate copy info CRC extension USER_KEY d High (HDTV): up to 1920x1152 [4] Transmission and mode o I P B1 B2 P2 B3 B4 I2 B5 B6 CA System i PID EMM n i Profiles: Decoding order 1 1 40(33) 48 24 8 8 (7) 16 () Simple (no B) [0x5]; 40(33) (42) (22) s Main (I, P, B image type) [0x4]; optional 5 flags Decrypted ES CAT: Conditional u Scalable [0x3]; Spatially Scalable [0x2]; Presentation : Optional field fields TV High (HDTV) [0x1] I B B P B B P B B I Access Table 1 1 2 1 3 4 2 5 6 2 . Chrominance: order 8 (5) c 4:2:0 [0x1]; 4:2:2 [0x2] PES pack program packet PES P-STD private header sequence extension o buffer Transmission () [0x...] : Hex value data field counter field Reception (STB or IRD) FEC (Forward Error Correction)

. m 128 8 16 (8) 16 (N*8)+8 . Tuner, Demodulator, Equalizer (Common for Cable/Satellite/Terrestrial): FEC (Common for Cable/Satellite/Terrestrial): 1) Energy dispersal JDSU Digital Broadcast Test & Monitoring Solutions: ETR-290/TR101-290 tables and timing measurement guideline: . /

2) Outer Coding RS (204, 188, 8) a ETR Late PCR and PTS arrivals 1) Inner Decoding (Viterbi): Satellite only MPEG-2 Transport Stream Generation, Simulation, Capture and Analysis PCR spacing: 2.3 40 ms Value 3) Forney Interleaving

2) De-interleaving c Digital Broadcast Test Solutions for Labs and Field Applications PCR discontinuity: 2.3 100 ms PCR jitter: of PCR 4) Inner Coding (Viterbi): Satellite only Flexible and complete MPEG-2, DVB, and ATSC test solution 2.4 ± 500 ns 3) Outer Decoding RS (204, 188, 8)

. PTS spacing: 2.5 700 ms t Modular design provides flexibility to add interfaces and features or PTS Formatting, filtering, DAC (I,Q) . PCR Accuracy (13818-1):

. e Expert A/V Analysis ± 500 ns 4) Descrambling . PCR Offset (138-18-1): ± 810 Hz QAM/QPSK/OFDM Modulation; IF Up- . DVB-RCS Analysis and Simulation Demux Transport Stream . PCR Drift (13818-1): ± 75 mHz/s . conversion; Amplification; or GigE r Missing MPEG Decoder TV n QoS All Along the Broadcast Chain . transport PAT: 1.3 0.5 s 2 s Received PCR Digital Broadcast Monitoring System PMT: 1.5 0.5 s 2 s Computed 27 MHz clock a . Network Operator’s tool for detailed MPEG-2/DVB problem diagnosis CAT: 2.6 2 s 8 s Aim of FEC: Not error-free channel (BER approx. 10-4 - 10-3) QEF channel (BER approx. 10-10 - 10-12) Advanced Surveillance Platform for digital and analog TV NIT: 3.1 10 s 40 s PCR transmission delay . . BAT: 10 s 40 s . DVB Service Assurance Min. table spacing 3.2 25 ms PCR inaccuracy Energy dispersal: obtain an evenly distributed energy within the RF channel by means of PRBS (187 bytes randomized -Sync. not scrambled) Real-time global EPG creation on a single transport stream . . SDT Actual: 3.5 2 s 8 s Received frame with PTS RS (Reed Solomon): error correction coding (can correct up to 8 erroneous bytes) SDT Other: 3.5 10 s 40 s . Frame presence in buffer Forney convolution interleaving: increase the efficiency of RS (temporary spreading of burst errors) Detailed information under: EIT P/F Actual: 3.6 2 s 8 s Arrival time . www.jdsu.com/acterna EIT P/F Other: 3.6 10 s 40 s EIT Schedule: 3-6 10-30 s 40-120 s

Glossa ry and Acronyms CIF Co mmon Intermediate Format 360x288 @ 30 Hz DVB-RCS Digital Video Broadcasting-Return Channel Satellite I, Q In phase and Quadrature signals (carrier digital modulation MVDS Multipoint Video Distribution System QAM Quadrature TDT Time and Date Table General Standard: C/N TH 13/18 V Vert/Hor polarization switching (Sat) or CNR Carrier-to-Noise-Ratio (dB) DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting -Satellite - phase and amplitude) NAB National Association of Broadcasters Type of modulation for digital signals used in CaTV transmission Transport Stream Header ISO/IEC 3818-1...4 and 6: Information Technology - Generic coding of COF DM NIT 22 kHz H igh/Low Band switching (Sat) Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplex Broadcasting TV signals to digital standard via satellite. IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder. Receiver with MPEG-2 Network Information Table (DVB-C). Amplitude and phase of a carrier are modulated in order TIFF Tagged Image File Format moving pictures and associated audio information: Part 1: Systems CRC 64QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation with 64 states Cyclic Redundancy Check DVB-SMATV Satellite Master Antenna TV decoder (Set Top Box) Information about orbit, transponder etc. to carry information. TM Technical Module (DVB-Project) (ITU-T H.222.0), Part 2: Video (Rec. ITU-T H.262), Part 3: Audio: Audio CSA DVB-T NTSC ADC Analog-Digital Converter Common Scrambling Algorithm Digital Video Broadcasting -Terrestrial IRE Institute of Engineers National TV Standard Committee QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format TOT Time Offset Table for surround sound: Layer: L1, L2 (DVB, DAB, DVD), L3 (Mp3): MPEG-2 D/A ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Digital-Analog Terrestrial broadcasting of TV signals to digital standard. IRT Institut für RundfunkTechnik Color TV System (USA and 60 Hz countries) 180x144@15 Hz (Video telephony) Transponder Trans(mitter) and (res)ponder. Equipment inside the AAC (Advanced Audio Coder): Surround Sound (Digital AM), Part 4: DAB E /N IS NVoD ADR Broadcasting b 0 Energy per Bit/Noise in 1 Hz International Standard Near Video on Demand QEF Quasi Error-Free satellite receiving and re-sending information. Conformance test, Part 6: Extension for DSM-CC DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter EBU European Broadcast Union (UER) ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Same TV program broadcasted simultaneously with a few QPSK Transport Packet ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. Tpye of modulation for 188 byte packets organized in a TS. MPEG-1 (ISO/IEC 11172-3): Audio for mono and stereo sounds DAPSK Differential Amplitude Phase Shift Keying ECL ISO International Standardization Organization minutes of starting time difference AES Audio Engineering Society Emitter Coupled Logic digital signals used in satellite transmission (DVB-S). TS Transport Stream. Packet stream contains PES and PSI Dolby Digital AC3 (Audio Code No3): DAT Di gital Audio Tape ECM Entitlement Control Message ITU International Union OFDM Orthognal Frequency Division RGB For stereo surround AF Adaptation Field Red, Green, Blue belonging to one or several programs. ISO/IEC 13818-9: Information Technology - MHEG standard DAVIC Digital Audio Visual Council This control message transports a general key for Scrambling JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group ONID RLC AIT Application Information Table (used for MHP) Original Network ID Run Length Coding TS Header Transport Stream Header. The first 4 bytes of each ISO/IEC 14496: Information Technology (MPEG-4). Very low bit rate DBS Direct Broadcasting Satellite (Encryption). An ISO video compression standard for stora ge and transmission OPCR AM Amplitude Modulation Original Program Clock Reference method exploiting repetition TS packet contain the data (PID) required for the demultiplexer in audio-visual coding DCT Discr ete Cosine Transformation EDTV of a variety of still graphics image formats API Application Programming Interface Enhanced Definition TeleVision Assists in the reconstruction of a SPTS from another Transport RS Reed-Solomon. Protection Code 16-byte long error control addition to the sync byte (0x47). These bytes are not encoded. ISO 15938: Multimedia content description interface (MPEG-7) EIT Event Information Table, TV guide or EPG. Ku-Band 1 0.7-18 GHz (Satellite) ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Temporal to frequency transform (JPEG/MPEG) Stream. code added by the modulators to every 188 byte Transport TV EN 101 192: DigiTAG EIT LDTV Low Definition TeleVision OpenTV TeleVision DVB specification for data broadcasting Digital Terrestrial TV Action Group P/F EIT for present and following events Application Program for EPG (TPS/ARD/ZDF) Packets in a TS. T-STD Rundfunkanstalten in Deutschland LED Light Emitting Diode Transport Stream System Target De coder TR 101 202: Implementation Guidelines for Data Broadcasting ASCII Dow nlink Communication link sat ellite earth EMM Entitlement Management Message OSI Open Systems Interconnection RST Running Status Table American Standard Code for Information Interchange LMDS Uplink Communication link earth satellite TS 101 812: ASI DSM Digital Storage Media. Flag in PH. Provide the capability of This control message transports a persona l key for Scrambling Local Multipoint Distribution System PAL Phase Alternating Line SAS Subscriber Authorization System CA/SMS DVB Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification Asynchronous Serial Interface LNB Low Noise Block. Also called LNC (Low noise converter). UTC Universal Time Code DVB A010: Interfaces (ASI/SPI) for CATV/SMATV Headends and trick modes (Fast Forward/Reverse) (Encryption). Color TV System (Europe and 50 Hz countries) SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier UER Standard DVB interface for Transport Stream DSM-CC LTW Legal Time Window offset Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU Digital Storage Media C ommand and Control. ISO/IEC EPG Electronic Program Guide PAT Program Association Table (PID=0) SD I Serial Digital Interface Similar Professional Equipment ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode LVDS UHF Ultra , 470 to 862 MHz ETS 300 421: standard developed for the delivery of multimedia broadband Broadcasting data structure that contains all the info rmation Low Voltage Differential Signaling. A balanced interface List of all the programs contained in TS Multiplex with reference to SDT DVB-S, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee Service Description Table UIT Union Internationale des Télécommunications (ITU) service s. describing the programs and their events. with a low signal voltage swing (about 300 mV). PID of PMT. SDTV satellite services ATV Advanced TeleVision Standard Definition TeleVision VBI Vertical Blanking Interval ETS 300 429: DVB-C, channel coding and modulation for cable systems DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering ES Macroblock (u sed for motion estimation) PCR Program Clock Reference SECAM Séquentiel Couleur à Mémoire North American standard for Digital Broadcasting Elementary Stream. Data stream for video, audio or data. VBV ETS 300 743: DVB subtitling system DSR Digital 16x16 pixels (JPEG, MPEG) Reference for the 27-MHz clock regene ration. Transmitted at Video Buffer Verifier (MPEG-2 Video) BAT Preliminary stage to PES. Color TV System (France, Eastern European countries) VCO ETS 300 744: DVB-T, Digital Terrestrial Transmission Systems Bouquet Association Table. Table describing a bouquet of DSS Digital Satellite System MCPC Multiple Channels Per Carrier SER V oltage Controlled Oscillator ESCR Elementary Stream Clock Reference least every 0.1 s. Symbol Error Rate TS 101 191: DVB mega-frame for Single Frequency Network (SFN) programs offered by a broadcaster. DTG Digital TV Group MFN Multiple Frequency Network (DVB-T) PES SFN VDSL Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line BER ETR ETSI Technical Report Packetized Elementary Stream Single Frequency Network (DVB-T) synchronization Bit Error Ratio DTH Direct To Home MHEG Multimedia&Hypermedia information coding Expert Group. S I VHF , 47 to 300 MHz Block (used for DCT) 8x8 pixels (JPEG, MPEG) ETR 290 ETSI recommendation regarding measurement of Video and audio data packets and ancillary data of undefined Service Information. All the DVB data required by the receiver ETS 300 468: Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems Sate llite digital broadcasting services Provides standards for the coded representation of multimedia VHS Video Home System Bouquet Set of services provided by the same operator on a MPEG-2/DVB TS length. to demultiplex and decode the variety of programs in the TS. ETS 300 472: Specification for conveying ITU-R System B Teletex in DTS Decoding Time Stamp ETSI hypermedia information objects that are interchan ged among PH SIF VLC Variable Length Coding. Data compression method (Huffmann) network. The bouquet is controlled by one single authority and European Standard Institute PES Header Source Intermediate Format DVB bit streams DTS Digital Theater Systems Digital Sur round is an audio FEC applications and services using a variety of media PID Packet Identification VoD Video on Demand ETS 300 473 sold as one single entity. Forward Error Correction 360x288@25 Hz or 360x240@30 Hz (MPEG-1) : DVB Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV) MHP S-MATV VPS Video P rogramming System. Transport of recording control BTA encoding format similar to Dolby Digital Error control bits added to useful data in the QAM/QPSK Multimedia Home Platform Identification of programs/services in the transport stream Satellite Master Antenna TV distribution systems Broadcasting Technology Association DTT MIP Megaframe Initialization Packet PLL SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers commands via a dedicated television line. ETS 300 802: CA Digital Terrestrial Television modulator (errors may be detected and correct ed) Phase Lock Loop DVB Network independent protocols for interactive services DTV B . Used by DVB-T to synchronize the tran smitters PMT SMS Subscriber Management System. In CA: storage for CAT Conditional Access Table (PID=0x1) Broadcasting GIF Graphics Interchange Format Program Map Table EN 101 790: DVB-RCS; Interaction channel for satellite distribution systems DVB Digital Video Broadcasting. European consortium that has GigE MMDS Microwave Multichannel/Multipoint Distribution System Reference to packets with PCR, Name of programs,copyright, customer data Conditional Access: TR 101 790: Guidelines for the use of EN 301 790 Reference to scrambled programs. Gigabit SNG standar dized digital TV broadcasting. GOP MP@ML Main Profile at Main Level reference of the data streams with PIDs etc. Belonging to the Satellite News Gathering. Retransmission of events us ing CA System Company EN 301 958: DVB-RCT; Interaction channel for DTT incorporating CATV Community Antenna TV (sometimes thought to be Cable Group Of Picture MPE DVB-C Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable HDTV Multi Protocol Encapsulation. relevant program. mobile equipment and satellite transm ission (e.g. sports). Irdeto Mindport Multiple Access OFDM TeleVision). The distribution of multiple TV channels to High Definition TeleVision SNR Broadcasting TV signals to a digital standard by cable. The RF HEX Process using DVB table structures for the Data transmission. PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence or S/N S ignal-to-Noise Ratio BetaCrypt BetaResearch ES 200 800: DVB-RCC; Interaction channel for Cable TV distribution subscribers via a cable network. HEXadecimal (0x) MPEG SPI spectrum in digital cable TV networks has a frequency range of HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax Moving/Motion Picture Experts Group PS Program Stream Synchronous Parallel Interface. Standard DVB interface for Mediaguard SECA, Société Europ. de CA systems (CATV) CCITT Comité Consultatif Internation Téléphonique et ETR 154: (approx.) 46 MHz to 850 MHz. Typical CaTV network infra structure An ISO motion video/audio compression standard providing both P-STD Program System Target Decoder TS. Viacces France Telecom DVP implementation guidelines for the use os MPEG-2 Télégraphique (1993>ITU-T) . SPTS Single Program Transport Stream DVB-MC Digital Video Broadcasting-Microwav e Cable Based. HTML Hypertext Markup Language lossy and lossless compression. PSI Program Specific Information Philips Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting CEI/IEC Commission Electrotechnique Internationale / TS that contains one unique program. Terrestrial broadcasting of TV signals to digital standard via IEC International Electrotechnical Commission MPTS Mutliple Program Transport Stream. MPEG-2 TS containing MPEG-2 Data transmitted in TS for the de-multiplexer in the Nagra applications International Electrotechnical Commission Statistical Multiplexer A device which combines a number of ETR 162: CENELEC microwave (f<10 GHz) IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers several programs that have been multiplexed. receiver (PAT/PMT/CAT) Videoguard NDS (Murdoch) Allocation of Service Information codes for DVB systems Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique time-varying bit streams into a sing le bit stream for transmission. ETR 211: CEPT DVB-MG DVB-Measurement Group I F Intermediate Frequency. Gene rally 70 MHz for transmissio n. Multiplex or Mux. To sequentially incorporate several data PTS Presentation Time Stamp Telenor Guidelines on implementation and usage of service information European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications ST Stuffing Table TR 101 290: Measurement guidelines for DVB systems DVB-MS Digital Video Broadcasting-Microwave Satellite Based. (950 to 1250 from the LNB) streams into a single data stream in such a manner that each may Time stamp for vision and sound, transmitted at least every MediaCipher Motorola Administrations STB Set Top Box. Digital TV receiver (IRD) C/I Carrier-to-Interference-Ratio (dB) Terrestrial broadcasting of TV signals to digital standard via later be recovered intact. 0.7 s. Integrated into PES. microwave (f>10 GHz) Note: Specifications, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.– © 2006 JDS Uniphase Corporation. All rights reserved. 30137415 501 0106 MPEG.PO.CAB.TM.AE

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