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Pardes : Zeitschrift Der Vereinigung Für Jüdische Studien PaRDeS ZEITSCHRIFT DER VEREINIGUNG FÜR JÜDISCHE STUDIEN E.V. MUSLIM-JEWISH DIALOGUE (2016) HEFT 22 UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG POTSDAM PaRDeS Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Muslimisch-Jüdischer Dialog Muslim-Jewish Dialogue (2016) Heft 22 Universitätsverlag Potsdam PaRDeS Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Herausgegeben von Nathanael Riemer, Kadir Sanci und Michał Szulc für die Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Jüdische Studien und Religionswissenschaft der Universität Potsdam sowie dem Forum Dialog Berlin Muslimisch-Jüdischer Dialog Muslim-Jewish Dialogue (2016) Heft 22 Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISSN (print) 1614-6492 ISSN (online) 1862-7684 ISBN 978-3-86956-370-1 Die Publikation des Buches wurde durch die Universität Potsdam und das Forum Dialog Berlin unterstützt. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbiblio- grafie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2016 Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam | http://verlag.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533 | Fax: -2292 | [email protected] Redaktion: Prof. Dr. Nathanael Riemer (Artikel, [email protected]) Kadir Sanci, MA (Artikel, [email protected]) Dr. Michał Szulc (Rezensionen und Neuerscheinungen, [email protected]) Redaktionsadresse: Universität Potsdam, Institut für Jüdische Studien und Religionswissenschaft Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Es darf ohne vorherige Genehmigung der Auto- ren und des Herausgebers nicht vervielfältigt werden. Redaktionsschluss: 23 (2017): 1. Januar 2017 Die Zeitschrift PaRDeS ist peer reviewed. Es wird um Einsendung von Beiträgen gebeten. Die Redaktion behält sich das Recht vor, Beiträge abzulehnen, in geteilter Form zu drucken oder nach Rücksprache zu kürzen. Die veröffentlichten Texte spiegeln Meinungen und Kenntnisstand der Autoren und nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Herausgeber wieder. Alle in PaRDeS veröffentlich- ten Artikel sind in „Rambi. Index of Articles on Jewish Studies“ nachgewiesen. Umschlagabbildung: The Kennicott Bible. Produced in La Coruña, Spain, in 1476, written by Moses Ibn Zabara and illustrated by Joseph Ibn Hayyim. MS. Kenn. 1 fol. 352 v. Bodleian Libraries. University of Oxford. Druck: dbusiness.de gmbh Berlin Layout und Satz: Frank Schlöffel ISSN (print) 1614-6492 ISSN (online) 1862-7684 ISBN 978-3-86956-370-1 Zugleich online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95416 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95416 Vorwort In der letzten Dekade erschienen zahlreiche Publikationen zum interreligiö- sen Gespräch sowohl zwischen Judentum und Christentum als auch zwischen Islam und Christentum. Die verschiedenen Konfessionen und Strömungen der jeweiligen Religion haben eine beachtenswerte Zahl an Foren für den Aus- tausch geschaffen, die positiv in die Bevölkerung und Politik hineinwirken und beidseitige Fremdheitsgefühle abzubauen versuchen. Die Umstände, dass sowohl Judentum als auch Islam umfassende Religi- onsgesetze mit ähnlichen Methoden der Rechtsfindung kennen und sich in theologischen, philosophischen und nicht zuletzt in mystischen Strömungen reziprok beeinflusst haben, lassen den uneigennützigen Dialog zwischen den beiden Religionen als erstaunenswertes Desiderat der Gegenwart hervor- treten. Während der Austausch zwischen muslimischen und jüdischen Kul- turen des Mittelalters fruchtbar war und vergleichsweise gut dokumentiert ist, scheint das Gespräch zwischen Muslimen und Juden derzeit – bis auf ge- meinsame Initiativen im Zuge der Beschneidungsdebatte – weitgehend eine Nischenexistenz zu führen. Bei einer kritischen Beobachtung der globalen Veränderungen in den letzten Dekaden kann man den Eindruck gewinnen, dass die Gründe für den unterbrochenen Austausch weniger in religiösen Ver- schiedenheiten, sondern eher in der Durchsetzung von politischen Interessen durch Herrschaftsgewinnung und Mediengewalt zu suchen sind. In der vorliegenden Ausgabe von PaRDeS haben es sich die Herausgeber zum Ziel gesetzt, den Dialog zwischen Muslimen und Juden in den Mittel- punkt zu rücken. Der Zeitschriftenband entstand in Kooperation mit dem Forum Dialog und profitierte wesentlich vom Engagement seiner Mitglieder. Die Beiträge, die über ein international verbreitetes Call-for-Paper-Verfahren eingereicht und anschließend begutachtet wurden, spiegeln das derzeitige In- teresse der zu dieser Thematik arbeitenden Wissenschaftler wider. Der Zeitschriftenband wird mit zwei Beiträgen eröffnet, die sich mit der Rezeption biblischer Figuren im Koran auseinandersetzen. Zeki Saritoprak beschreibt Mose als von Gott auserwählten Propheten, der sich als Orien- tierungspunkt für Dialoggespräche herausragend eignet, da er die ethi- schen Grundregeln auf gewaltfreiem Wege vermittelt. Aufgrund seiner 6 Vorwort Bescheidenheit, seiner Gerechtigkeit und Gottesfürchtigkeit kann Mose als das ideale Vorbild dienen. Daniel Vorpahl analysiert die Jonas-Rezeption des Korans. Nachkorani- sche Prophetenerzählungen füllen die narrativen Leerstellen der Jona-Suren mit erklärendem Erzählmaterial auf und schöpfen dafür auch aus dem um- fangreichen Bestand der jüdischen Literaturen. So entstehen Erzählkompo- sitionen, die sich für die dialogische Auseinandersetzung mit religiösen The- men anbieten. Vier Beiträge untersuchen Berührungspunkte zwischen Islam und Juden- tum im Mittelalter. Hakan Turan setzt sich mit dem kontrovers geführten und oftmals instrumentalisierten Diskurs über den militärischen Konflikt zwi- schen dem Propheten Muhammed und den jüdischen Gruppen Medinas aus- einander. In seiner quellenkritischen Studie unterzieht er inhaltliche Aspekte der Sīra-Berichte einer eingehenden Prüfung und vergleicht die thematisch verwandten Überlieferungen aus der Tafsīr- und Fiqh-Literatur. Hakki Arslan bietet in seinem Beitrag einen vergleichenden Einblick in die jüdische Responsen-Literatur und in die muslimische Fatwa-Literatur. Juden- tum und Islam weisen ein normatives Bezugssystem (halacha und fiqh) auf, das sich auf alle Bereiche des Lebens erstreckt und den Weg des gottgewollten Lebens beschreiben möchte. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Su- pervision des Einzelnen durch vertrauenswürdige Gelehrte gestaltet. In seinem Artikel beschäftigt sich Arye Zoref mit dem Konzept der spiri- tuellen Reisen, die vom Sufi Dhu al-Nun eingeführt wurden und Eingang in die jüdische Mystik fanden. Anhand der jüdisch-arabischen Literatur wird der Versuch unternommen, exemplarisch die geschichtliche Entwicklung der sufischen Idee von der spirituellen Reise genauer nachzuzeichnen. Abdallah Tarabeih und Joachim Yeshaya setzen sich in ihrem gemein- schaftlich verfassten Beitrag „The Themes of Calling for Help and Redemption in Arabic and Hebrew Poems from Medieval Spain during the Eleventh and Twelfth Century“ mit den Gedichten von Ibn Ḥamdīs (c. 1056–c. 1133) und Moses ibn Ezra (1055–1138) auseinander. Die Autoren fragen danach, wie sich die von beiden Dichtern gemachten Erfahrungen der Vertreibung und des Exils in ihren Werken niedergeschlagen haben. Zwei Artikel widmen sich Themen der Zeitgeschichte. Menashe Anzi befasst sich mit den Folgen der Massenemigration jemenitischer Juden nach Israel in den Jahren von 1948 bis 1950. Unter den zehn Prozent der Zurückgebliebenen, Vorwort 7 die zum Islam übertraten, gab es etwa zwanzig Männer, deren Frauen nach Israel ausgewandert waren, sich aber weigerten, Scheidebriefe auszustellen. Der Autor zeigt, wie jüdisch-israelische und muslimisch-jemenitische Gelehr- te nach gemeinsamen Lösungen suchten. Lianne Merkur untersucht in ihrem Beitrag wie die Archäologie bei Kin- dern unterschiedlicher ethno-religiöser Identität als Mittel eingesetzt werden kann, um eine gemeinsame Zugehörigkeit und Identität zu schaffen. Der pä- dagogische Einsatz des Kulturerbes wurde anhand der 2013 durchgeführten Grabungen im Khan al-Hilu, Lod, erprobt. Außerhalb des Themenschwerpunktes gehen Daniela Schmidt und Dirk Schuster der Begriffsgeschichte der Wörter „entjuden“ und „Entjudung“ nach. Im Kontext der Assimilation des beginnenden 19. Jahrhunderts meinte der Terminus, dass man sich jener jüdischen „Eigenheit“ zu entkleiden habe. Innerhalb der innerjüdischen Diskussion wird „Entjudung“ zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts zum diagnostischen Ausdruck des Identitätsverlustes. Als nationalsozialistischer Kampfbegriff ist er später zum Synonym für die Ent- rechtung und Vernichtung jüdischer Menschen geworden. Das vorliegende PaRDeS-Heft wird mit Berichten, Rezensionen und einer Liste der Neuerscheinungen abgeschlossen. Die Herausgeber bedanken sich bei Celal Findik für seine umsichtige Unterstützung. Ein herzliches Dankeschön geht an die Gutachter der Peer- Reviews sowie an die Übersetzer und Lektoren Jessica Rehse, Melanie Waha und Bettina Kurz. Ein herzliches Dankeschön ergeht auch an Marco Winkler und Frank Schlöffel für ihre Hilfe bei der Drucklegung dieser Ausgabe im Universitätsverlag Potsdam. Kadir Sanci / Nathanael Riemer / Michał Szulc Preface Over the past ten years, numerous books and articles have been published on inter-religious dialogues between Judaism and Christianity as well as between Islam and Christianity. The various denominations and strands with- in the respective religions have created a remarkable array of forums for such exchanges, which have
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