Are Early Stage Investors Biased Against Women? Michael Ewens and Richard R. Townsend⇤ October 18, 2017 Abstract We examine whether male investors are biased against female entrepreneurs. To do so, we use a proprietary dataset from AngelList covering fundraising startups. We find that female founders are less successful with male investors compared to observably similar male founders. In contrast, the same female founders are more successful than male founders with female investors. The results do not appear to be driven by differences across founder gender in startup quality, sector focus, or risk. Given that investors are predominately male, our results suggest that an increase in female investors is likely necessary to support an increase in female entrepreneurship. ⇤Ewens: California Institute of Technology,
[email protected]. Townsend: University of California, San Diego, Rady School of Business,
[email protected]. The authors thank Kevin Laws of AngelList for graciously providing the data. The authors thank seminar participants at Arizona State University, Caltech, the Kauffman Emerging Scholars conference and the LBS Private Equity Symposium. We also thank Shai Bernstein, Juanita Gonzales-Uribe, Sabrina Howell, Arthur Korteweg, Ramana Nanda and David Neumark for comments. 1 Introduction It is well known that there is a significant gender gap in entrepreneurship. Recent studies of high-growth startup activity in the US find that only roughly 10-15% of startups are founded by women (Tracy, 2011; Brush et al., 2014; Gompers and Wang, 2017b). Many explanations for this phenomenon have been offered, including gender differences in technical training as well as differences in risk aversion.1 According to such explanations, women drop offfrom entrepreneurial career paths long before they reach the point of seeking financing from a venture capitalist (VC) or angel investor.