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DISTRIBUTION and SPECIATION of HEAVY METALS (Cd, Cu and Ni) in COASTAL SEDIMENTS of DUMAI SUMATERA, INDONESIA

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DISTRIBUTION and SPECIATION of HEAVY METALS (Cd, Cu and Ni) in COASTAL SEDIMENTS of DUMAI SUMATERA, INDONESIA Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410 - 5217 Volume 10, Number 2, ebruary 2007 : 125- 141 Accredited : 23a / Di(ti / )ep / 2004 DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIATION OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Cu AND Ni) IN COASTAL SEDIMENTS OF DUMAI SUMATERA, INDONESIA Bintal Amin1,2*, Ahmad Ismail2, Aziz Arshad2 and M Salleh Kamarudin3 1Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Riau, Pekan aru 28293, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia 3Department of Aquaculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia Received : May , 15, 2 6 " Accepted : September, 13 , 2 6 ABSTRACT Heavy metal concentrations in sediment collected from Dumai coastal waters have been studied by using sequential e,traction technique to determine the distribution and geochemical speciation -./0., acid reducible, o,idisable organic and resistant1 of 2d, 2u and Ni. The results showed that the highest concentrations of total 2d was in 2argo Port area and the lowest in Penyembal, whilst for 2u and Ni the highest concentrations were in /erry Port and the lowest in Batu Pan7ang. The total concentrations of 2d, 2u and Ni ranged from .65 8 1.82, 1.84 8 13.16 and 7.68 8 17.98 =g/g dry weight, respectively. Higher metal concentrations were detected in the eastern and central parts of Dumai city center where most of anthropogenic activities are concentrated. However, most of the concentrations of 2d, 2u and Ni were still below the .R0 and .RM values. Only at few stations, especially in the eastern and central parts of Dumai, showed 2d concentrations e,ceed the .R0 but still well below the .RM values. Metal concentrations in 78.26% -2d1 and 91.3 % -2u and Ni1 of the sampling stations were dominated by resistant fraction indicating natural origin of these metals. Non resistant fractions, however, were found higher than resistant fractions at Pelintung, Pertamina, 2argo Port, Penyembal and Batu Pan7ang for 2d" Penyembal and Batu Pan7ang for 2u and Pelintung and Auntung for Ni. These findings indicated that anthropogenic inputs of 2d, 2u and Ni occurred in these stations. /or all sampling site groups, 2d, 2u and Ni were mostly accumulated in the resistant fraction -55.28 8 58.31%" 65. 2 8 91.84% and 5 . 8 8 66.88% of the total concentrations respectively1 which indicated that the mobility and anthropogenic inputs of these metals in Dumai coastal waters were quite low. Key words , -eavy metal pollution, metal speciation, sediment, Dumai *Correspondence , Phone , .620 161041681, Fa2,. 620161023243, E0mail , _amin635yahoo.com sources such as sewage and industrial NTRODUCTION I effluents may accumulate in the suspended particulate matter and settle on the ottom sediment 89ome:0Parra et al., 2000). -eavy metal contamination in coastal Studies on heavy metals in sediment in sediment has een an increasing Indonesian waters still very limited and are ecoto2icological pro lem ecause the coastal restricted in Java Sea 8Everaarts, 1989), area often receives anthropogenic and industrial wastes. These wastes, including heavy metals, which are discharged from Distribution and Speciation of Heavy Metal , Cd, Cu and Ni - in Coastal Sedimens of Dumai Sumatera, Indonesia 125 Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410 - 5217 Volume 10, Number 2, ebruary 2007 : .7 -113 Accredited : 23a / Di(ti / )ep / 2004 Jakarta Bay 8Williams et al., 2000) and only can provide information on the degree Central Java 8Takarina et al., 2004). of contamination, ut also the actual In sediments, heavy metals are present environmental impact on metal in different geochemical forms which ioavaila ility and mo ility as well as their determine their mo ili:ation capacity and origin 8Yap et al., 2002; 2003a, ; 2005; ioavaila ility 8Yu et al., 2001). Assessment 2006; Morillo et al., 2004; Ramire: et al., of heavy metal contamination of the coastal 2005, Acevedo0Figueroa et al., 2006). environment ased on total metal is not Since heavy metal concentrations in the sufficient for an understanding of their sediments of Dumai Sumatera has not een environmental ehaviour. This is ecause only reported in the literature, the o Aective of a fraction of the total metal is availa le for this study was to determine the aseline iological processes. It would also poses the concentrations and its distri ution of Cd, pro lem as it does not provide information on Cu and Ni in the surface sediment which fraction is due to anthropogenic collected from the coastal area of Dumai activities 8Morillo et al., 2004; Ramire: et al., Sumatera, Indonesia, to evaluate the level 2005). of concentration in the conte2t of similar Dumai is one of the main entrance data reported from other geographical gates for marine transportation in the Straits of areas and to estimate the anthropogenic Malacca to Sumatera and like many other portions of the metals y comparing developing regions in Indonesia, Dumai etween resistant and nonresistant coastal environment is su Aected to negative fractions of the metals in the surface impacts of the industrial development and sediments. anthropogenic activities 8Anonymous, 2002; 2004). In the year 2001 there were 66 metals and chemical industries, 22 various industries MATERIALS AND METHODS and 203 agriculture and forest ased industries in their operation in Dumai. There were also 6 maAor oil ports and more than 10 commercial Sediment samples were collected in May ports where more than 480 tankers and 2005 from twenty three sampling stations commercial oats and ferries loaded and along the coastal area of Dumai, including unloaded in Dumai port each month south and north part of Rupat Island 8Anonymous, 2002). Dumai is also likely to (Fi ure. 1). In order to figure out the receive impacts from the Straits of Malacca distri ution of metal contamination in which is one of the usiest international Dumai coastal waters, these stations were shipping lanes in the world 8A dullah et al., divided into five 85) site groups ased on 1999; Chua et al., 2000). Around 900 tankers the anthropogenic activities, I E East part and commercial vessels and 11 million arrels of Dumai 8Station 103, newly developed oil flows pass through the Malacca StraitBs international har our, proposed industrial waters every day 89unadi, 2004). According to park, usy waterway and e2posed to the The Ministry of Communication Indonesia Straits of Malacca); II E Central Dumai 82004), averagely 10.000 ships annually where 8Station 4011, Oil refinery, tanker erth, 29C of which are super tankers passing the densely populated area, cargo and straits. Beside that, the volume of cargo commercial ports and river estuary); III E transported in oth directions through the West part of Dumai 8Station 12016, Malacca Straits increased su stantially in the agriculture area, river estuary, cement last two decades. The increasing marine traffic factory and fishing village ); IG E South in the Straits poses the Straits in an increasing part of Rupat 8Station 11019, fishing threat of marine pollution 8NontAi, 2004). village, Aetties and commercial ports with Studies on the speciation and restaurants) and G E North part of Rupat distri ution of heavy metals in sediments not Distribution and Speciation of Heavy Metal , Cd, Cu and Ni - in Coastal Sedimens of Dumai Sumatera, Indonesia 126 Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410 - 5217 Volume 10, Number 2, ebruary 2007 : .7 -113 Accredited : 23a / Di(ti / )ep / 2004 8Station 20023, fishing village and e2posed to 2). Acid0reduci le 8fraction 2), The residue the Malacca Straits). Samples from each from 81) was continuously shaken for station were collected y using an Ekman 3 h with 50 ml 0.25 M hydro2yl0 gra . The top 3 to 5 cm of each sediment ammonium chloride 8N-2O-.-Cl) samples was placed in polyethylene plastic ag acidified to p- 2 with -Cl, at room and they were kept in an ice o2. Samples temperature. were rought ack to la oratory and were 3). O2idisa le0organic 8Fraction 3), The oven dried to a constant dry weight at 80HC residue from 82) was first o2idi:ed and sieved through a 63 Im stainless steel with 15 ml hydrogen pero2ide 8RLM sieve. 9eochemical fractions of Jn and P in Chemicals 35C) in a water ath at 90 the sediments were o tained y using the HC. After cooling, the metal released modified SET 8Sequential E2traction from the organic comple2es was Technique) as descri ed y Badri and Aston continuously shaken for 3 h with 1.0 81983) and Yap et al. 82002). The four M ammonium acetate 8N-4C-3COO) fractions considered, the e2traction solutions acidified to p- 2.0 with -Cl at room and the conditions employed were, temperature. 1). EFLE 8Fraction 1), A out 10 g of sample 4). Resistant 8Fraction 4), The residue was continuously shaken for 3 h with 50 from 83) was digested in a com ination ml 1.0 M ammonium acetate of concentrated nitric acid 8AnalaR 8N-4C-3COO), p- 1.0 at room grade, RLM Chemicals 65C) and temperature. perchloric acid 8AnalaR grade, RLM Chemicals 10C). Fi 1. Map of Dumai and the position of sampling stations Distribution and Speciation of Heavy Metal , Cd, Cu and Ni - in Coastal Sedimens of Dumai Sumatera, Indonesia 121 Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410 - 5217 Volume 10, Number 2, ebruary 2007 : .7 -113 Accredited : 23a / Di(ti / )ep / 2004 Table 1. Mean concentration of Cd in each geochemical fraction of Dumai coastal sediment 8Concentration in IgMg d.w N SD; n E 3) Oxidisable No. Station Lat. (N) Long.(E) EFLE Acid reducible Resistant Total (100%) organic 1 elintung 01!40'23" 101!41'49" 0.22(0.01 (15.18) 0.12(0.02 (8.36) 0.40(0.03 (28.15) 0.69(0.24 (48.31) 1.43 2 ,untung 01!38'35" 101!34'55" 0.23(0.02 (15.36) 0.12(0.02 (8.08) 0.23(0.05 (15.56) 0.90(0.13 (60.99) 1.48 3 -unda.
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