DOCSLIB.ORG

Roots and Crown Tissues Have to Be Extracted from the Soil 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Roots and Crown Tissues Have to Be Extracted from the Soil 3 Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology Identifying Current and Emerging Diseases Threats and Evaluation Opportunities for Seed Treatment Product Development The Nordic Seedcare Academy SYNGENTA 4. – 5. April 2019 Prof. Dr. Joseph-Alexander Verreet Institute of Phytopathology Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Content - Influence of the weather on the location- and year-specific disease occurrence Biological behaviour of seed borne and soil borne disease Economic importance, worldwide occurrence, requirements Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology Epidemiological development of pathogens and their economic significance are strongly dependent on weather conditions and cultural practices → differences in onset, course and severity of diseases from year to year Influence of Influence of cropping system weather • cultivar • temperature • fertilizer • precipitation • sowing date • leaf wetness • crop rotation • air humidity • soil preparation • harvest time partially not severity conrollable controllable disease epidemic onset, course and severity time Institut Phytopathology Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology Behaviour of seed borne and soil borne diseases - economic importance, worldwide occurrence, requirements - Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Behaviour of soil borne diseases - Influencing factors: 1. soil temperature 2. soil moisture 3. type of soil wide range of natural given 4. soil texture uncontrollable factors 5. air temperature 6. impact of light and duration of exposure 7. [pH-value] 1. crop rotation 2. tillage system farmers choice of 3. choice of variety acting 1. use of seed dressings 2. choice of specific seed dressings, industrial way of according to seed- and soil- interacting pathogen pressure Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - General symptoms of soil and seed borne diseases - Symptoms can be observed in seedling or mature stage 1. poor stand: first weeks after sowing 2. pre- and post-emergence damping-off 3. yellowed plant parts (similar to nutrient deficiency) 4. variable plant high in mature stages 5. irregular patches (like in specific field areas) Questions: Are soil borne diseases more present than they were thought to be? Is it possible to determine direct yield losses in fields, according to soil borne diseases? Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Main problems of soil and seed borne diseases - Combination of infested and new infected seeds 1. seeds can be infested with smut and bunt diseases (also with a range of diseases that can grow from seed and soil) 2. symptoms are not directly observable since the roots and crown tissues have to be extracted from the soil 3. above-ground symptomatology, such as yellowing, stunting, etc., is indistinctdirect yieldandlossescan frombe confusedonly ONE withpathogennutrientare verydeficiency problems and with soildifficultdrainageto estimateproblems!!! 4. less locations are characterized by occurence of only one disease in soil environmental influence can enhance or decrease disease pressure towards single pathogens adjustments of diseases to temperature can lead to occurence in different climatic regions Which diseases are imporant in cereal production systems? Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology Brush end Soil borne pathogens Bran .Tilletia.. tritici. .. ... ... Endosperm Ustilago tritici syn. U. nuda Embryo ...... ..... Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Bunt and smut diseases in wheat - I. Tilletia laevis • Common names: Common but, stinking bunt • Scientific synonyms: T. foetida, T. foelens II. Tilletia tritici • Common names: Common bunt • Scientific synonyms: T. caries III. Tilletia controversa • Common names: Dwarf bunt, short smut, stunt smut • Scientific synonyms: T. contraversa, T. brevifaciens IV. Tilletia indica • Common name: Karnal bunt • Scientific synonyms: Neovossia indica V. Ustilago tritici • Common names: Loose smut • Scientific synonyms: U. nuda, U. nuda var. tritici VI. Urocystis agropyri • Common names: flag smut • Scientific synonyms: Urocystis tritici Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - General life cycle of smut and bunt diseases - systemic no obvious fungal symptoms growth in in early wheat head plant stage of disease penetration growth specific development seedling in kernel infection disease soil borne specific seed borne symptoms anthesis infection and infection Perennating forms 1. bunt spores at the outside bunt balls/ of seed kernels mass 2. bunt balls contaminated soil 3. mycellium inside kernels Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Common bunt - Tilletia tritici – syn. T. caries Economic importance and distribution Common bunt leads to yield losses and quality reduction • in areas where seed dressing is not practiced total loss resulted Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Common bunt - Tilletia tritici - bunt sori filled with basidiospores break at harvest and contaminates the seed dikaryotic mycelium grows in plant with ears of infected wheat develop bunt no visible damages in early growth balls which replace the seed stages mycelium invades wheat head early stage of forming spore first symptoms: chlorotic points mass on leaves during harvest healthy kernels are mixed ears with bunt spores with smut spores in the thrashing cylinder spores accumulate in the hairs of healthy kernels after germination results shoot infection, hyphe penetratates through the coleoptile Tilletia tritici - Common bunt - bunt spore germination, building eight fingerlike primary sporidia Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Common bunt - Tilletia tritici - Requirements to environment for a successful infection 1. soil temperature below 8°C • first 10 days after sowing are the most critical timespan 2. cold nights (below 5°C) and light for more than 14 h increase the success of infection 3. high soil moisture content has a negative effect on colonization 4. for sporulation and wind borne spore transfer low humidity is beneficial Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Dwarf bunt – Tilletia controversa - Economic importance and distribution yield losses of Dwarf bunt are only registered in winter wheat • disease affects yield directly by preventing kernel formation • up to 30% losses in wheat yield were recorded on crops grown more than once in a rotation of 5-6 Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Dwarf bunt – Tilletia controversa - in contrast to Tilletia tritici Common bunt this fungus can also infect from soil causes excessive tillering and stunting in teleospores fall at harvest to the soil or growth; mycelium also grows with apical remain at the seed meristem into ovaries infected plants produce heads containing bunt balls with teliospores in place of seed Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Dwarf bunt - Tilletia controversa - Requirements to environment for a successful infection 1. scattered light and temperatures ranging from 3 – 8°C over 3 - 5 weeks 2. soil humidity from 15 to 60% • both are favorable to basidiospore germination in soil 3. for plant inoculation temperatures ranging from 3 - 8°C under a stable blanket of snow are beneficial (unfrozen ground) Dwarf bunt occurs where there is persistent snow cover over autumn sown winter wheat at the 2 – 3 leaf stage advantage of smut and bunt diseases against other soil and seed borne diseases only one cycle of reproduction each year with a known date of occurence Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Loose smut - Ustilago tritici – syn. U.nuda Economic importance and distribution Loose smut has the potential to cause significant yield losses if control practices are ignored!!! • destroys the economic component of wheat: the grain ! Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Loose smut - Ustilago tritici (syn. U. nuda) - Infection happens during flowering basidiospores, transported by wind dicaryotic hyphae penetrate the ovary wall typical symptom of the seed borne growth into embryo and stay dormant smutted head until seed germination disease colonizes the plant without causing obvious symptoms before heading infection takes place during flowering, infected smut ears burst open, infection of the stigma of the florett spores are released mycelia growth to the embryo of the developing kernel and goes into a resting stage Ustilago tritici - Loose smut - Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Loose smut – Ustilago tritici- Requirements to environment for a successful infection 1. temperatures ranging from 22 – 27°C and humidity 60 to 95% • favorable to basidiospore germination and mycelium development 2. spring wheat is more infected • temperatures under 7 – 8°C inhibit disease development 3. incidence of disease varies widely from year to year Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Institute of Phytopathology - Soil and seed borne diseases of cereals - Gaeumannomyces graminis Bipolaris
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Novel Antifungal Activity of Lolium-Associated Epichloë Endophytes
    microorganisms Article Novel Antifungal Activity of Lolium-Associated Epichloë Endophytes Krishni Fernando 1,2, Priyanka Reddy 1, Inoka K. Hettiarachchige 1, German C. Spangenberg 1,2, Simone J. Rochfort 1,2 and Kathryn M. Guthridge 1,* 1 Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia; [email protected] (K.F.); [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (I.K.H.); [email protected] (G.C.S.); [email protected] (S.J.R.) 2 School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61390327062 Received: 27 May 2020; Accepted: 19 June 2020; Published: 24 June 2020 Abstract: Asexual Epichloë spp. fungal endophytes have been extensively studied for their functional secondary metabolite production. Historically, research mostly focused on understanding toxicity of endophyte-derived compounds on grazing livestock. However, endophyte-derived compounds also provide protection against invertebrate pests, disease, and other environmental stresses, which is important for ensuring yield and persistence of pastures. A preliminary screen of 30 strains using an in vitro dual culture bioassay identified 18 endophyte strains with antifungal activity. The novel strains NEA12, NEA21, and NEA23 were selected for further investigation as they are also known to produce alkaloids associated with protection against insect pests. Antifungal activity of selected endophyte strains was confirmed against three grass pathogens, Ceratobasidium sp., Dreschlera sp., and Fusarium sp., using independent isolates in an in vitro bioassay. NEA21 and NEA23 showed potent activity against Ceratobasidium sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of Cereal Fungal Diseases and the Incidence of Leaf Spot Diseases in Finland
    AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE Vol. 20 (2011): 62–73. Vol. 20(2011): 62–73. The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland Marja Jalli, Pauliina Laitinen and Satu Latvala MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland, email: [email protected] Fungal plant pathogens causing cereal diseases in Finland have been studied by a literature survey, and a field survey of cereal leaf spot diseases conducted in 2009. Fifty-seven cereal fungal diseases have been identified in Finland. The first available references on different cereal fungal pathogens were published in 1868 and the most recent reports are on the emergence of Ramularia collo-cygni and Fusarium langsethiae in 2001. The incidence of cereal leaf spot diseases has increased during the last 40 years. Based on the field survey done in 2009 in Finland, Pyrenophora teres was present in 86%, Cochliobolus sativus in 90% and Rhynchosporium secalis in 52% of the investigated barley fields.Mycosphaerella graminicola was identi- fied for the first time in Finnish spring wheat fields, being present in 6% of the studied fields.Stagonospora nodorum was present in 98% and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in 94% of spring wheat fields. Oat fields had the fewest fungal diseases. Pyrenophora chaetomioides was present in 63% and Cochliobolus sativus in 25% of the oat fields studied. Key-words: Plant disease, leaf spot disease, emergence, cereal, barley, wheat, oat Introduction nbrock and McDonald 2009). Changes in cropping systems and in climate are likely to maintain the plant-pathogen interactions (Gregory et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural and Food Science, Vol. 20 (2011): 117 S
    AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD A gricultural A N D F O O D S ci ence Vol. 20, No. 1, 2011 Contents Hyvönen, T. 1 Preface Agricultural anD food science Hakala, K., Hannukkala, A., Huusela-Veistola, E., Jalli, M. and Peltonen-Sainio, P. 3 Pests and diseases in a changing climate: a major challenge for Finnish crop production Heikkilä, J. 15 A review of risk prioritisation schemes of pathogens, pests and weeds: principles and practices Lemmetty, A., Laamanen J., Soukainen, M. and Tegel, J. 29 SC Emerging virus and viroid pathogen species identified for the first time in horticultural plants in Finland in IENCE 1997–2010 V o l . 2 0 , N o . 1 , 2 0 1 1 Hannukkala, A.O. 42 Examples of alien pathogens in Finnish potato production – their introduction, establishment and conse- quences Special Issue Jalli, M., Laitinen, P. and Latvala, S. 62 The emergence of cereal fungal diseases and the incidence of leaf spot diseases in Finland Alien pest species in agriculture and Lilja, A., Rytkönen, A., Hantula, J., Müller, M., Parikka, P. and Kurkela, T. 74 horticulture in Finland Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years Hyvönen, T. and Jalli, H. 86 Alien species in the Finnish weed flora Vänninen, I., Worner, S., Huusela-Veistola, E., Tuovinen, T., Nissinen, A. and Saikkonen, K. 96 Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture Saxe, A. 115 Letter to Editor. Third sector organizations in rural development: – A Comment. Valentinov, V. 117 Letter to Editor. Third sector organizations in rural development: – Reply.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratobasidium Cereale D
    CA LIF ORNIA D EPA RTM EN T OF FOOD & AGRICULTURE California Pest Rating Proposal for Ceratobasidium cereale D. Murray & L.L. Burpee 1984 Yellow patch of turfgrass/sharp eye spot of cereals Current Pest Rating: Z Proposed Pest Rating: C Kingdom: Fungi; Phylum: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes; Subclass: Agaricomycetidae Order: Ceratobasidiales; Family: Ceratobasidiaceae Comment Period: 3/24/2020 through 5/8/2020 Initiating Event: On 1/29/2020, a regulatory sample for nursery cleanliness from a commercial sod farm was submitted by an agricultural inspector in San Joaquin County to the CDFA plant diagnostics center. The turf was grown from a 90% tall dwarf fescue and 10% bluegrass seed mix. On February 10, 2020, CDFA plant pathologist Suzanne Rooney-Latham detected Ceratobasidium cereale (syn. Rhizoctonia cerealis) in culture from yellow leaf blades. This fungus causes yellow patch disease on turfgrass. Due to previous reports of this pathogen from University of California farm advisors, it was assigned a temporary Z rating. The risk to California from Ceratobasidium cereale is assessed herein and a permanent rating is proposed. History & Status: Background: The name Ceratobasidium cereale was proposed by Murray and Burpee in 1984 after they were able to induce otherwise sterile isolates that had been classified as Corticium gramineum or Rhizoctonia cerealis to form the basidia (sexual state) on agar. Their work resulted in the name Corticium gramineum being reduced to a nomen dubium (doubtful name). However, because the production of basidia has not been observed under field conditions, many still use the name Rhizoctonia cerealis to CA LIF ORNIA D EPA RTM EN T OF FOOD & AGRICULTURE describe a pathogen that does not produce spores and is composed only of sterile hyphae and sclerotia.
    [Show full text]
  • Amerorchis Rotundifolia (Banks Ex Pursh) Hultén Small Round-Leaved Orchis
    New England Plant Conservation Program Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén Small Round-leaved Orchis Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Lisa St. Hilaire 14 Prospect Street Augusta, Maine 04330 For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, 2002 i SUMMARY Small round-leaved orchis (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén (Amerorchis rotundifolia) is endemic to North America and Greenland. It is globally secure (G5), but rare throughout its distribution in the United States. In New England, Amerorchis rotundifolia only grows in cold northern white-cedar swamps and seepage forests of northern Maine (where it is ranked S1), though there are historic records from New Hampshire and Vermont (as well as New York). There are seven extant sites for Amerorchis rotundifolia in Maine; five are currently tracked, and two sites were discovered in the 2001 field season and have not yet been entered in the database for tracking. Amerorchis rotundifolia is at the edge of its range in northern New England, and likely has always been rather rare in our area. Much of the biology of Amerorchis rotundifolia is unknown. It generally flowers in June, but information regarding pollinators, potential herbivores, preferred microhabitats, and mycorrhizal associations is lacking. Unlike some other orchid species, Amerorchis rotundifolia does not respond well to major disturbances such as power line cuts. Primary threats are timber harvest, general habitat destruction, and hydrologic changes. The first two threats are not an issue at the two largest sites as these sites are under conservation ownership, but hydrologic changes may be a potential threat there.
    [Show full text]
  • Overwinter Survival of Sclerotium Rolfsii and S. Rolfsii Var. Delphinii, Screening Hosta for Resistance to S. Rolfsii Var. Delph
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species Zhihan Xu Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Xu, Zhihan, "Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species" (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10366. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10366 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Overwinter survival of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii, screening hosta for resistance to S. rolfsii var. delphinii, and phylogenetic relationships among Sclerotium species by Zhihan Xu A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Plant Pathology Program of Study Committee: Mark L. Gleason, Major Professor Philip M. Dixon Richard J. Gladon Larry J. Halverson Thomas C. Harrington X.B. Yang Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Zhihan Xu, 2008. All rights reserved. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT v CHAPTER 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Community Profiles in Agricultural Soils of a Long-Term Field
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Fungal community profiles in agricultural soils of a long-term field trial under different tillage, fertilization and crop rotation conditions analyzed by high-throughput ITS-amplicon sequencing Loreen Sommermann1*, Joerg Geistlinger1, Daniel Wibberg2, Annette Deubel3, a1111111111 Jessica Zwanzig1, Doreen Babin4, Andreas SchluÈter2, Ingo Schellenberg1 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 2 Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms (GRIM), a1111111111 Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 3 Department of Agriculture, a1111111111 Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Saxony- Anhalt, Germany, 4 Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius-KuÈhn-Institut±Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Sommermann L, Geistlinger J, Wibberg D, Deubel A, Zwanzig J, Babin D, et al. (2018) Abstract Fungal community profiles in agricultural soils of a long-term field trial under different tillage, Fungal communities in agricultural soils are assumed to be affected by soil and crop man- fertilization and crop rotation conditions analyzed agement. Our intention was to investigate the impact of different tillage and fertilization prac- by high-throughput ITS-amplicon sequencing. tices on fungal communities in a long-term crop rotation field trial established in 1992 in PLoS ONE 13(4): e0195345. https://doi.org/ Central Germany. Two winter wheat fields in replicated strip-tillage design, comprising con- 10.1371/journal.pone.0195345 ventional vs. conservation tillage, intensive vs. extensive fertilization and different pre-crops Editor: Katherine A. Borkovich, University of (maize vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography and Ecology of Tulasnellaceae
    Chapter 12 Biogeography and Ecology of Tulasnellaceae Franz Oberwinkler, Darı´o Cruz, and Juan Pablo Sua´rez 12.1 Introduction Schroter€ (1888) introduced the name Tulasnella in honour of the French physicians, botanists and mycologists Charles and Louis Rene´ Tulasne for heterobasidiomycetous fungi with unique meiosporangial morphology. The place- ment in the Heterobasidiomycetes was accepted by Rogers (1933), and later also by Donk (1972). In Talbot’s conspectus of basidiomycetes genera (Talbot 1973), the genus represented an order, the Tulasnellales, in the Holobasidiomycetidae, a view not accepted by Bandoni and Oberwinkler (1982). In molecular phylogenetic studies, Tulasnellaceae were included in Cantharellales (Hibbett and Thorn 2001), a position that was confirmed by following studies, e.g. Hibbett et al. (2007, 2014). 12.2 Systematics and Taxonomy Most tulasnelloid fungi produce basidiomata on wood, predominantly on the underside of fallen logs and twigs. Reports on these collections are mostly published in local floras, mycofloristic listings, or partial monographic treatments. F. Oberwinkler (*) Institut für Evolution und O¨ kologie, Universita¨tTübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] D. Cruz • J.P. Sua´rez Museum of Biological Collections, Section of Basic and Applied Biology, Department of Natural Sciences, Universidad Te´cnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n C.P, 11 01 608 Loja, Ecuador © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 237 L. Tedersoo (ed.), Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Ecological Studies 230, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_12 238 F. Oberwinkler et al. Unfortunately, the ecological relevance of Tulasnella fruiting on variously decayed wood or on bark of trees is not understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Basidiomycetous Hyphomycete Genus Hormomyces
    VOLUME 7 JUNE 2021 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 177–196 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.09 Taxonomy and phylogeny of the basidiomycetous hyphomycete genus Hormomyces J. Mack*, R.A. Assabgui, K.A. Seifert# Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada. #Current address: Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: The taxonomy of the genus Hormomyces, typified by Hormomyces aurantiacus, which based on circumstantial Key words: evidence was long assumed to be the hyphomycetous asexual morph of Tremella mesenterica (Tremellales, Tremellomycetes) Dacrymyces or occasionally Dacrymyces (Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes), is revised. Phylogenies based on the three nuc rDNA markers Oosporidium [internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 28S large ribosomal subunit nrDNA (28S) and 18S small ribosomal subunit nrDNA (18S)], Tremella based on cultures from Canada and the United States, suggest that the genus is synonymous with Tulasnella (Cantharellales, Tulasnella Agaricomycetes) rather than Tremella or Dacrymyces. Morphological studies of 38 fungarium specimens of Hormomyces, 1 new taxon including the type specimens of H. callorioides, H. fragiformis, H. paridiphilus and H. peniophorae and examination of the protologues of H. abieticola, H. aurantiacus and H. pezizoideus suggest that H. callorioides and H. fragiformis are conspecific with H. aurantiacus while the remaining species are unlikely to be related to Tulasnella. The conidial chains produced by H. aurantiacus are similar to monilioid cells of asexual morphs of Tulasnella species formerly referred to the genus Epulorhiza. The new combination Tulasnella aurantiaca is proposed and the species is redescribed, illustrated and compared with similar fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2012/50 Supplement
    University of Debrecen JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2012/50 ACTA AGRARIA DEBRECENIENSIS 6th International Plant Protection Symposium at University of Debrecen SUPPLEMENT 17-18 October 2012 Debrecen JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DEBRECEN, 2012/50 SUPPLEMENT Editors: Dr. György J. Kövics Dr. István Dávid Lectors: Dr. András Bozsik (entomology, biological pest management) Dr. Antal Nagy (entomology, ecology) Dr. István Dávid (weed biology, weed management) Dr. István Szarukán (entomology) Dr. Gábor Tarcali (integrated pest management, plant pathology) Gábor Görcsös (integrated pest management, molecular biology) Dr. György J. Kövics (plant pathology) Dr. László Irinyi (plant pathology, molecular biology) Dr. László Radócz (integrated pest management, weed management) HU-ISSN 1588-8363 2 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DEBRECEN, 2012/50 SUPPLEMENT Contents Kövics, G. J.: József Adányi awarded by „Antal Gulyás medallion for crop protection“ in 2012 (laudation) 5 Kövics, G. J.: Prof. István Szepessy awarded by „Antal Gulyás medallion for crop protection“ in 2012 (laudation) 8 Szőnyegi, S.: The Official Plant Health Control System – tasks to avoid getting in and spreading of non-native pests 11 Zsigó, Gy.: Observations of a plant protection expert of the capital 14 Apró, M. – Kelemen, A. – Csáky, J. – Papp, M. – Takács, A. P.: The occurrence of the wheat viruses in South Hungary in 2012 17 Chodorska, M. – Paduch-Cichal, E. – Kalinowska, E.: The detection and identification of Tobacco ringspot virus in blueberry bushes growing on plantations in Central Poland 20 Dolińska, T. M. – Schollenberger, M.: Cladosporium species as hyperparasites of powdery mildew fungi 24 Dolińska, T. M. – Schollenberger, M.: Parasiting of Cladosporium species on Puccinia arenariae 29 Jabłońska, E.
    [Show full text]
  • A Spain Heterogeneous Assemblage Significant Morphological Complex
    PERSOONIA Volume 17, Part 4, 601-614(2002) Ceratobasidium albasitensis. A new Rhizoctonia-like fungus isolated in Spain V. González O. Salazar M.C. Julián J. Acero M.A. Portal R. Muñoz H. López-Córcoles E. Gómez-Acebo P. López-Fuster & V. Rubio Ceratobasidium albasitensis is described as a new species based on morphological data from of and on phylogenetic reconstruction rDNA sequences, including representatives otherrelated species. Isolates ofthis species were found in several localities within Albac- ete province (SE of Spain). This taxon is part of the Rhizoctonia s.l. species complex and is in the Ceratobasidium Anam. = on account of placed genus (Stat. Ceratorhiza) its macro- and micromorphological features. In addition, two new methods to induce described. sexual sporulation on plates are The form-genus Rhizoctonia is currently considered to be a heterogeneous assemblage of fungal taxa, which do not form asexual spores, but have certain significant morphological characteristics in common. The Rhizoctoniacomplex is now split into at least seven or eight genera, according to different authors (Moore, 1987; Andersen, 1996). Rhizoctonia s.l. has considerableecological and economic importance because it occurs worldwideand different isolates withinthe complex may live as saprotrophs or as symbionts (such as thoseassociated with terrestrial orchids). Many isolates are also effective in protecting plants from a number of diseases other isolates fungal (Sneh, 1998), promoting plant growth. Conversely, many cause significant losses in agriculture and forestry; currently Rhizoctonia diseases have been described in more than200 plant species. At least 120 epithets referring to Rhizoctonia can be foundin the literature, where until recently very few attempts to clarify generaand species concepts had been made (Sneh et al., 1991; Andersen& Stalpers, 1994; Roberts, 1999).
    [Show full text]