Deleuze, Altered States and Film Offers a Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University
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DELEUZE DELEUZE ALTERED STATES AND FILM ANNA POWELL ALTERED ST ALTERED Anna Powell is Senior Lecturer in Film Deleuze, Altered States and Film offers a Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University. typology of altered states, defining dream, hallucination, memory, trance and ecstasy in their cinematic expression. The book presents altered states films as significant neurological, psychological and philosophical A TE experiences. Chapters engage with films that ‘Anna Powell does three valuable things in this book. First, she provides a lucid simultaneously present and induce altered S consciousness. They consider dream states introduction to Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy of film. Second, she puts this philosophy to A work, showing how it is useful for the understanding of particular films. And third, she ND FILM and the popularisation of alterity in drugs vividly recalls for us the “altered states” to which film, at its best, gives us access.’ films. The altered bodies of erotic arousal and Steven Shaviro, DeRoy Professor of English, Wayne State University trance states are explored, using haptics and synaesthesia. Cinematic distortions of space ‘This book is a valuable contribution to the growing field of Deleuzian film studies. and time as well as new digital and fractal By combining precise film analysis with insightful conceptual thinking, Anna Powell directions are opened up. demonstrates how a Deleuzian approach of cinema provides a deep understanding of the ways in which (digital) cinema alters our minds.’ Anna Powell’s distinctive re-mapping of Patricia Pisters, University of Amsterdam ANN the film experience as altered state uses a Deleuzian approach to explore how cinema alters us by ‘affective contamination’. A Arguing that specific cinematic techniques POWELL derange the senses and the mind, she makes an assemblage of philosophy and art, counter-cultural writers and filmmakers to provide insights into the cinematic event as ANNA POWELL intoxication. ISBN 978 0 7486 3282 4 DELEUZE The book applies Deleuze, alone and with Guattari, to mainstream films like Donnie Darko as well as arthouse and experimental Edinburgh University Press ALTERED STATES cinema. Offering innovative readings of 22 George Square ‘classic’ altered states movies such as 2001, Edinburgh Performance and Easy Rider, it includes Edinburgh AND FILM EH8 9LF ‘avant-garde’ and ‘underground’ work. Powell asserts the Deleuzian approach as itself a Cover illustration: Scene still from 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Courtesy of MGM/The Kobal Collection. kind of altered state that explodes habitual Cover design: Barrie Tullett ways of thinking and feeling. M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page i Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Job Deleuze, Altered States and Film M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page ii Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page iii Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's J Deleuze, Altered States and Film Anna Powell Edinburgh University Press M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page iv Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo © Anna Powell, 2007 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in Monotype Ehrhardt by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Manchester, and printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, King’s Lynn, Norfolk A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 3282 4 (hardback) The right of Anna Powell to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page v Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Job Contents Acknowledgements ix Introduction: Altered States, Affect and Film 1 Mixed Planes and Singular Encounters: Methods 5 Critical Contexts 6 Altered States: Menu 9 1 The Dream Machine 16 Spellbound 16 Schizoanalysis, Becoming and Film 19 Dreams in Anti-Oedipus 21 Deleuze Bergson and Dreams 22 Ultra-confusional Activity: Dreams and Un Chien andalou 24 The Dreamer Entranced: Meshes of the Afternoon 26 Waking Dreams: Fire Walk with Me 32 Fire Walk with Me 33 Worlds Out of Frame 35 Beyond the Flashback: Recollections, Dreams and Thoughts 38 From Dream-Image to Implied Dream: The Cinema of Enchantment and The Tales of Hoffmann 40 2 Pharmacoanalysis 54 Altered States: The Return of the Repressed 54 Castaneda and Becoming-Primitive 56 Creative (D)evolution 61 Becoming Anti-matter 63 Tuning In, Turning On, Dropping Out: The Trip and Easy Rider 65 The Camera as Drug: Easy Rider 70 The Breakdown: Trainspotting and Requiem for a Dream 73 Black Holes and Lines of Death: Requiem for a Dream 75 Counter-actualisation: Two Kinds of Death 82 Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome: Narcotic Multiplicity 84 M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page vi Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo vi , Dancing in the Light: Ecstasy in Human Traffic 87 Conclusions: Pharmacoanalysis and the Great Health 89 3 Altered Body Maps and the Cinematic Sensorium 97 Sensational Cinema 97 Images of Sensation 100 Stan Brakhage and the Art of Vision 101 Dog Star Man:Connection to the Cosmos 103 Flicker 107 The Flicker: Stroboscopic Film 108 Yantra and Lapis: Analogue Trance 110 Sensational Sex 116 Fuses 120 Performance: Erotic Home Movie 123 Strange Days: Sex in the Head 127 4 Altered States of Time 137 Sculpting in Time: Deleuze, Tarkovsky and Stalker 137 Bergson’s Time: Movement and Duration 142 Deleuze’s Time-Image 144 Entrancing Time: The Crystal-Image and Altered States in Heart of Glass 147 The Crystal-Image 148 Agitation of the Mind 149 Crystal and Cloud 151 Liquid Crystal: Stalker 153 Donnie Darko: Incompossible Worlds 156 Deflecting Time’s Arrow 157 2001:A Time Odyssey 161 A Prehistory of Consciousness 163 Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite 166 Insert: The Abstract Time-Image 168 Time in a Room 168 Conclusion: Becoming-Fractal 176 Virtual States/Actual Implications 179 Forms of Thought or Creation 182 M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page vii Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's J vii Bibliography 189 Works Cited 189 Electronic Resources 197 Filmography 198 Index 201 M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page viii Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page ix Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo Acknowledgements Many thanks are due to Berthold Schoene and the English Research Institute, and Sue Zlosnik and the English Department at Manchester Metropolitan University. They have encouraged my research, agreed to host the Deleuze Studies Website and provided me with a term’s sabbati- cal. PhD and MA students past and present have offered further mental stimulus. I also acknowledge support from the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council for a further term’s research leave to work on this project. David Curtis of the Arts Council kindly lent me Belson’s cine films and the viewing tables at the ICA in London long ago. Lux Cinema, Hoxton was an excellent source of rare films. Sarah Edwards, James Dale and the team at Edinburgh University Press have again been helpful and efficient in bringing the book to completion. Thanks to friends and fellow-travellers for their inspiration, support and love through this book and always. David Deamer, Alan Hook, Rachael McConkey, Venetta Uye and Ana Miller are the regular A/V team who input long hours of creative work filming, editing and helping to make our webjournal what it is today. Rob Lapsley takes the reading group to the outer circuits (and beyond). Fiona Price offered musical insights. Janet Schofield re-checked the proofs. And finally, special thanks to Ranald Warburton for companionship, patience, sound advice and mind-stretch- ing debate at untimely hours. M816 POWELL PRE M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:05 PM Page x Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Job M816 POWELL TEXT M/UP.qxd 31/5/07 1:09 PM Page 1 Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo Introduction: Altered States, Affect and Film A man hangs suspended in the blue-lit water of a flotation tank. A fish-eye lens and pale, grainy images compress his naked body and enlarge his head, a human foetus close to birth in the womb of a machine. A slow tracking- shot glides the camera back from peering through the riveted metal port- hole of a flotation tank. The long shot reveals neurologist Edward Jessup (William Hurt) in deep trance. He is the subject of a laboratory experiment under observation by fellow scientists. The extensive paraphernalia of experiment: computers, monitors and alpha-rhythm flow charts, form a sharp visual contrast to Jessup’s intensive visions, yet both are researching altered states of consciousness. I want to take this pre-title sequence from the movie Altered States (Ken Russell, 1981) as a figure to launch my own exploration of cinematic altered states. My project sets out to accomplish a distinctive remapping of the film experience as altered state, using both the film-philosophical insights of Gilles Deleuze and his broader investigations with Félix Guattari as inspir- ation. So how might this image of Jessup in his tank work as an opener for the book’s agenda? In order to clarify what my approach actually does, I will play devil’s advocate with it first, to anticipate some possible objections.