DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematic Re-Structure and New Species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) After Morphological Revision and Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of the North East Atlantic Fauna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematic Re-Structure and New Species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) After Morphological Revision and Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of the North East Atlantic Fauna A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 845: 1–97 (2019) Sphaerodoridae in the North East Atlantic 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.845.32428 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna María Capa1,2, Arne Nygren3, Julio Parapar4, Torkild Bakken2, Karin Meißner5, Juan Moreira6 1 University of the Balearic Islands, Department of Biology, Palma, Spain 2 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway 3 Sjöfartsmuseet Akvariet, Göteborg, Swe- den 4 University of A Coruña, Department of Biology, A Coruña, Spain 5 Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany 6 Autonomous Univer- sity of Madrid, Departament of Biology (Zoology), Madrid, Spain Corresponding author: María Capa ([email protected]; [email protected]) Academic editor: Greg Rouse | Received 19 December 2018 | Accepted 25 February 2019 | Published 15 May 2019 http://zoobank.org/F05BDFEC-4C4A-4F22-9685-4AC2655B973D Citation: Capa M, Nygren A, Parapar J, Bakken T, Meißner K, Moreira J (2019) Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna. ZooKeys 845: 1–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32428 Abstract Detailed morphological study of more than 2600 North East Atlantic (NEA) sphaerodorids (Sphaerodori- dae, Annelida) and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of representatives of several identified mor- phospecies enforced changing the current systematic classification within the family, allowed the discovery of new species, provided new information about the morphological and genetic characterisation of mem- bers of this group, and increased the species occurrence data to better infer their geographic and bathym- etric distribution ranges. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and mitochondrial sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) of NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids revealed outstanding results includ- ing paraphyly of the genera Sphaerodoropsis, Sphaerodoridium, and Sphaerephesia. The number of longitu- dinal and transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles is proposed as potential synapomorphies for the main clades, and are consequently herein used for the genera delimitation. The new classification proposed here implies nomenclatural changes and the erection of a new genus, Geminofilum gen. n., to accommodate the species previously considered as Sphaerodoropsis with two transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles per Copyright María Capa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 María Capa et al. / ZooKeys 845: 1–97 (2019) segment. Four species are being described herein: Euritmia nordica Capa & Bakken, sp. n., Sphaerephesia multichaeta Capa, Moreira & Parapar, sp. n., Sphaerephesia ponsi Capa, Parapar & Moreira, sp. n., and Sphaerodoridium celiae Moreira, Capa & Parapar, sp. n. Characterisation of the other 21 species, includ- ing updated iconography, and an identification key to all NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids are provided. Keywords 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, classification, COI, identification key, integrative taxonomy, mor- phology, new genus, new species, phylogeny, systematics Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2 Materials and methods ............................................................................................. 4 Morphological studies ........................................................................................ 4 DNA sequence analyses ...................................................................................... 5 Results ...................................................................................................................... 7 Phylogenetic analyses ......................................................................................... 7 Atlantic sphaerodorid relationships and subsequent nomenclatural changes ....... 7 Taxonomic accounts ......................................................................................... 10 Identification key to genera and NEA sphaerodorid species .............................. 87 Summary and discussion ........................................................................................ 89 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 90 References .............................................................................................................. 91 Introduction Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 is a relatively small group (approximately 110–120 nominal species) of benthic marine worms, reported worldwide from intertidal to abyssal depths (Capa et al. 2014, 2016a). The monophyly of the group has been as- sessed recently and is evidenced by their well-defined external morphology (Capa et al. 2016a). Sphaerodorids are characterised by the presence of conspicuous epithe- lial tubercles arranged in more or less clear rows (longitudinal and transverse) and a thick cuticle without collagen (e.g., Ruderman 1911, Reimers 1933, Hausen 2005, Filippova et al. 2010, Capa et al. 2014, 2016a). Within Sphaerodoridae, two distinct groups with substantial morphological differences have been distinguished: the long- bodied forms (with elongate and slender bodies, clear segmentation, two longitudinal rows of macrotubercles with terminal papillae and presence of reduced dorsal cirri or microtubercles) and the short-bodied forms (usually measuring less than 5 mm long, with poorly delineated segments and a great variety of number and arrangement of epithelial dorsal tubercles) (Fauchald 1974, Helm and Capa 2015, Capa et al. 2016a). Long-bodied sphaerodorids included members of Ephesiella Chamberlin, 1919, Ephesiopsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 and Sphaerodorum Ørsted, 1843, but it has recently been reviewed and all species transferred into the Sphaerodorum (Capa et al. 2018). Monophyly of some short-bodied genera (including Clavodorum Hartman Sphaerodoridae in the North East Atlantic 3 & Fauchald, 1971, Commensodorum Fauchald, 1974, Euritmia Sardá-Borroy, 1987, Sphaerephesia Fauchald, 1972, Sphaerodoridium Lützen, 1961, and Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971) still need assessment (Capa and Bakken 2015, Capa et al. 2016a). The North East Atlantic (NEA), which includes the European part of the Atlantic, is dominated by deep ocean basins, including the Greenland, Lofoten, and Norwegian Basins, with depths down to 5000 m, and a shallow continental shelf along the Eu- ropean coast (Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast). This marine region holds a large diversity of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) compared with other world geographic areas, with 26 species described or reported herein to date (Table 1). This diversity may reflect the collecting effort put into this biogeographic region during the last two centuries and the taxonomic expertise gathered in European countries. Nevertheless, this species list needs revision. Some of the species described and reported from the NEA have a wide distribution range. For instance, Sphaerodoridium minutum (Webster & Benedict, 1887) has been reported in both eastern and western coasts of the North Atlantic and in NEA, from the Arctic to temperate waters and from coastal and shelf habitats (Fauchald 1974). Table 1. Species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) (with nomenclature as in Read and Fauchald 2018) re- ported from the North Eastern Atlantic, with type locality and depth. Species Type locality Depth Clavodorum fauchaldi Desbruyères, 1980 Banc Le Danois, Bay of Biscay 1913 m Commensodorum commensalis (Lützen, 1961) Kristineberg, Gullmarfjord, Sweden 35 m Ephesiella abyssorum (Hansen, 1882) Off Møre og Romsdal, Norway 960 m Ephesiella ramosae Desbruyères, 1980 Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of Biscay 2156 m Euritmia hamulisetosa Sardá-Borroy, 1986 Tarifa, Gibraltar Strait 0.5 m Sphaerodoridium claparedii Greeff, 1866 Dieppe, English Channel (?) Sphaerodoridium fauchaldi Hartmann-Schröder, 1993 North Sea 172 m Sphaerodoridium guerritai Moreira & Parapar, 2015 Iceland 600 m Sphaerodoropsis amoureuxi Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005 Capbreton Canyon, Bay of Biscay 984–1029 m Sphaerodoropsis artabrensis Moreira & Parapar, 2007 Artabro Gulf, NW Iberian Peninsula 209 m Sphaerodoropsis baltica Reimers, 1933 Kiel, Baltic Sea 6–8 m Sphaerodoropsis chardyi Desbruyères, 1980 Bay of Biscay 2430 m Sphaerodoropsis distichum (Eliason, 1962) Skagerrak 460 m Sphaerodoropsis garciaalvarezi Moreira et al., 2004 Baiona, NW Iberian Peninsula 7 m Sphaerodoropsis gudmunduri Moreira & Parapar, 2012 North Iceland 97 m Sphaerodoropsis halldori Moreira & Parapar, 2012 Western Iceland 1162 m Sphaerodoropsis laureci Desbruyères, 1980 Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of Biscay 2325 m Sphaerodoropsis longipapillata Desbruyères, 1980 Bay of Biscay 4150 m Sphaerodoropsis martinae Desbruyères, 1980 Banc Le Danois, Bay of Biscay 1913 m Sphaerodoridium cf. minutum (Webster & Benedict, 1887) Off New England, USA, continental shelf Sphaerodoropsis philippi (Fauvel, 1911) Kara Sea
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae)
    Zootaxa 3911 (1): 091–105 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B2EF89A-8915-4F9D-BBC3-EBE56E8011CE A new species of Sphaerodoridium Lützen, 1961 from Iceland (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) JUAN MOREIRA1,3 & JULIO PARAPAR2 1Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de la Sota 1, E-15008 A Coruña, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract A new species of Sphaerodoridium Lützen, 1961 (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) collected off Iceland during the BIOICE programme is described. Sphaerodoridium guerritai sp. nov. is mostly present in waters around the northern half of Ice- land, and seems to be common in soft bottoms at depths of 49–1253 m. It is mainly characterized by having macrotuber- cles which are provided with a long stalk which bears 1–3 small papillae; this seems an unique feature in Sphaerodoridium and the closely related genus Clavodorum Hartman and Fauchald, 1971. Furthermore, the new species is also character- ized by having one transversal row of 11–12 dorsal macrotubercles per chaetiger in midbody; 10–16 spherical papillae in front of each row of macrotubercles, somewhat arranged in a dorsal zig-zag; 10–18 ventral papillae per chaetiger arranged following a non-random pattern: two transversal rows on parapodial areas and one on interparapodial area, of usually 4, 6 and 5 papillae respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean, Antarctica) and Adjacent Deep-Sea Basins
    Biodiversity and Zoogeography of the Polychaeta (Annelida) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean, Antarctica) and adjacent deep-sea basins Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften der Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Ruhr-Universität Bochum angefertigt im Lehrstuhl für Evolutionsökologie und Biodiversität der Tiere vorgelegt von Myriam Schüller aus Aachen Bochum 2007 Biodiversität und Zoogeographie der Polychaeta (Annelida) des Weddell Meeres (Süd Ozean, Antarktis) und angrenzender Tiefseebecken The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not „EUREKA!“ (I found it!) but “THAT’S FUNNY…” Isaak Asimov US science fiction novelist & scholar (1920-1992) photo: Ampharetidae from the Southern Ocean, © S. Kaiser Title photo: Polychaete samples from the expedition DIVA II, © Schüller & Brenke, 2005 Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die Arbeit selbständig verfasst und bei keiner anderen Fakultät eingereicht und dass ich keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel verwendet habe. Es handelt sich bei der heute von mir eingereichten Dissertation um fünf in Wort und Bild völlig übereinstimmende Exemplare. Weiterhin erkläre ich, dass digitale Abbildungen nur die originalen Daten enthalten und in keinem Fall inhaltsverändernde Bildbearbeitung vorgenommen wurde. Bochum, den 28.06.2007 ____________________________________ Myriam Schüller INDEX iv Index 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Southern Ocean 2 1.2 Introduction to the Polychaeta 4 1.2.1 Polychaete morphology
    [Show full text]
  • Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Including the Description of Two New Species and Reproductive Notes
    Zootaxa 4019 (1): 168–183 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D4ECFEE2-BF9D-4B5F-8128-EFAAC2B728C4 Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including the description of two new species and reproductive notes MARÍA CAPA1, 2* & GREG W. ROUSE3 1NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. 2Australian Museum Research Institute, 6 College Street, Sydney, 2010 NSW, Australia. 3Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0202, USA. *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Sphaerodorids are scarce at Lizard Island archipelago and other localities in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Intensive collections at a variety of habitats within the Lizard Island archipelago over the last four decades have resulted in a total of just 11 specimens. Nevertheless, they represent two new species and a new record for Lizard Island. Sphaerodoropsis aurantica n. sp. is characterised by nine longitudinal rows of sessile and spherical dorsal macrotubercles, arranged in a single transverse row per segment; parapodia with around 10 spherical papillae; and compound chaetae with thin shafts and long blades. Sphaerodoropsis plurituberculata n. sp. is characterised by more than 12 more or less clearly arranged longitudinal rows of sessile spherical dorsal tubercles (variable in size), in four transverse rows per segment; parapodia lacking papillae; and semi-compound chaetae with distally enlarged shaft and short blades.
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Annelids of an Intertidal Reef Limestone Platform at Tanguisson, Guam
    Polychaete Annelids of an Intertidal Reef Limestone Platform at Tanguisson, Guam ALAN J. KoHN and JANET K. WHITE1 Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle , Washington 98195 Abstract-Quantitative analyses of the polychaete fauna in two samples from a low intertidal reef limestone platform at Tanguisson, Guam, revealed close similarities in abundance, family and generic composition, and species diversity with results from prior studies of simiJar habitats elsewhere in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region. The sam­ ples contained 29 species of polychaetes, of which 15 were determined to species, 8 to genus, and 6 only to family . Total polychaete density based on the one complete sub­ stratum sample is estimated as 43,500/m2, also comparable to estimates from other similar habitats. Syllis (Langerhansia) cornuta dominated both samples numerically, accounting for 42 % and 43 % of all polychaetes. The Syllidae was by far the most abundant family, accounting for 75 % and 93 % of all polychaetes, as is typical in such habitats. Despite their abundance , however, syllids are so small that they represented only about 1 g/m 2 dry weight. The dominant species by biomass was Palo/a siciliensis (about 16 g /m2 dry weight). Despite the proximity of the study site to the heated-water effluent of a power plant, no adverse effect on the polychaete fauna was detected, such as lower than expected diversity or presence of pollution indicator species. Of the 27 species of polychaetes now identified as occurring at Guam, 24 are widely distributed in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region . Odontosyllis ctenostoma was pre ­ viously known from the Atlantic, Mediterranean and questionably Japan .
    [Show full text]
  • Program & Abstracts
    IPC13 Program & Abstracts 1 Table of Contents Section Pages Welcome 2 Major Sponsors 3 Meeting Code of Conduct 4 Meeting Venue 5 Restaurants 6 Getting to and from Downtown Long Beach 7-8 Presentation Information 9 Overview of the Schedule 10 Detailed Schedule of Events 11-15 List of Poster Presentations 16-22 Abstracts: Oral Presentations 23-37 Abstracts: Poster Presentations 38-58 List of IPC13 Participants 59-64 Notes 65-67 Colleagues Recently Lost 68 2 Welcome from IPC13 Organizing Committee Greetings Polychaete Colleagues, On behalf of the Organizing Committee, welcome to sunny Southern California, the RMS Queen Mary, and the 13th International Polychaete Conference! We hope that your travel to Long Beach was pleasant and that you are ready for five days of enlightening programs and time spent with friends and colleagues. In 1989, IPC3 took place in Long Beach, organized by Dr. Donald Reish. In 2015, Don approached us to ask if it might be possible to bring IPC13 back to Long Beach, thirty years later. We agreed to work towards that goal, and in 2016 the attendees of IPC12 in Wales selected Long Beach as the venue for the next meeting. Unfortunately, Don did not live to see his dream become a reality, but his passion for all facets of polychaete biology is represented in this conference through the broad diversity of presentations that are offered. We know that he would be very pleased and honored by your participation in this meeting. The conference would not have been possible without your support and participation. In addition, we would like to express sincere thanks to those organizations that have supported the conference, either financially or by other critical means.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Diversity of Phyllodocida (Annelida: Errantia)
    diversity Review On the Diversity of Phyllodocida (Annelida: Errantia), with a Focus on Glyceridae, Goniadidae, Nephtyidae, Polynoidae, Sphaerodoridae, Syllidae, and the Holoplanktonic Families Daniel Martin 1,* , Maria Teresa Aguado 2,*, María-Ana Fernández Álamo 3, Temir Alanovich Britayev 4 , Markus Böggemann 5, María Capa 6 , Sarah Faulwetter 7,8 , Marcelo Veronesi Fukuda 9 , Conrad Helm 2, Monica Angelica Varella Petti 10 , Ascensão Ravara 11 and Marcos A. L. Teixeira 12,13 1 Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), 17300 Blanes, Spain 2 Animal Evolution & Biodiversity, Georg-August-Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] 3 Laboratorio de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; [email protected] 4 A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 5 Fakultät II-Natur- und Sozialwissenschaften Department, University of Vechta, Fach Biologie, Driverstraße 22, 49377 Vechta, Germany; [email protected] 6 Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain; [email protected] 7 Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; [email protected] 8 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece 9 Citation: Martin, D.; Aguado, M.T.; Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 04263-000, Brazil; [email protected] 10 Fernández Álamo, M.-A.; Britayev, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil; [email protected] 11 Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Santiago, T.A.; Böggemann, M.; Capa, M.; Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] Faulwetter, S.; Fukuda, M.V.; Helm, 12 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do C.; Petti, M.A.V.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Biodiversity: a Taxonomic Inventory of Fauna
    Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna Irish Wildlife Manual No. 38 Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna S. E. Ferriss, K. G. Smith, and T. P. Inskipp (editors) Citations: Ferriss, S. E., Smith K. G., & Inskipp T. P. (eds.) Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 38. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Section author (2009) Section title . In: Ferriss, S. E., Smith K. G., & Inskipp T. P. (eds.) Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 38. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover photos: © Kevin G. Smith and Sarah E. Ferriss Irish Wildlife Manuals Series Editors: N. Kingston and F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 1393 - 6670 Inventory of Irish fauna ____________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................3 Methodology........................................................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • (Amphinomidae) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon Identified from Three-Dimensionally Preserved Myoanatomy Luke A
    Parry et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:256 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0541-8 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access A new fireworm (Amphinomidae) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon identified from three-dimensionally preserved myoanatomy Luke A. Parry1,2, Paul Wilson1, Dan Sykes3, Gregory D. Edgecombe2* and Jakob Vinther1* Abstract Background: Rollinschaeta myoplena gen. et sp. nov is described from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Konservat-Lagerstätten of Hakel and Hjoula, Lebanon. The myoanatomy of the fossils is preserved in exceptional detail in three dimensions as calcium phosphate, allowing the musculature of the body wall, gut and parapodia to be reconstructed in detail. Results: The major muscle groups of polychaetes can be identified in Rollinschaeta, including longitudinal muscle bands, circular muscles, oblique muscles, the parapodial muscle complex and the gut musculature, with a resolution sufficient to preserve individual fibres. To allow meaningful comparison with the phosphatized fossil specimens, extant polychaetes were stained with iodine and visualised using microCT. Rollinschaeta myoplena possesses two pairs of dorsal longitudinal muscles, dorsal and ventral circular muscles and a single pair of ventral longitudinal muscles. While six longitudinal muscle bands are known from other polychaete groups, their presence in combination with circular muscles is unique to Amphinomidae, allowing these fossils to be diagnosed to family level based solely on their myoanatomy. The elongate, rectilinear body and equally sized, laterally projecting parapodia of Rollinschaeta are found only within Amphinominae, demonstrating that the Cretaceous species is derived amongst Amphinomida. Conclusion: The uniquely preserved myoanatomy of Rollinschaeta has allowed diagnosis of a fossil annelid to subfamily level using microCT as a comparative tool for exploring myoanatomy in fossil and extant polychaetes.
    [Show full text]
  • Polytraits: a Database on Biological Traits of Marine Polychaetes
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1024 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1024 Data paper Polytraits: A database on biological traits of marine polychaetes Sarah Faulwetter†,‡, Vasiliki Markantonatou§,|, Christina Pavloudi‡,¶, Nafsika Papageorgiou‡, Kleoniki Keklikoglou‡, Eva Chatzinikolaou‡, Evangelos Pafilis‡, Georgios Chatzigeorgiou‡, Katerina Vasileiadou‡,#, Thanos Dailianis‡‡, Lucia Fanini , Panayota Koulouri‡, Christos Arvanitidis‡ † National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece ‡ Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece § Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece | Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy ¶ Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Department of Microbial Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany # Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, Greece Corresponding author: Sarah Faulwetter ([email protected]) Academic editor: Cynthia Parr Received: 18 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 16 Jan 2014 | Published: 17 Jan 2014 Citation: Faulwetter S, Markantonatou V, Pavloudi C, Papageorgiou N, Keklikoglou K, Chatzinikolaou E, Pafilis E, Chatzigeorgiou G, Vasileiadou K, Dailianis T, Fanini L, Koulouri P, Arvanitidis C (2014) Polytraits: A database on biological traits of marine polychaetes. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1024. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1024 Abstract The study of ecosystem functioning – the role which organisms play in an ecosystem – is becoming increasingly important in marine ecological research.
    [Show full text]
  • KEY to the SPHAERODORIDAE of SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Ronald G
    KEY TO THE SPHAERODORIDAE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Ronald G. Velarde City of San Diego, Marine Biology Laboratory 12 August 1996 / List of Species Clavodorum clavatum Fauchald, 1972 k^f ****** Ephesiella brevicapitis (Moore, 1909) Ephesiella mammifera Fauchald, 1974 ^t?**^ Sphaerephesia longisetis Fauchald, 1972 sv Sphaerephesia similisetis Fauchald, 1972*p Sphaerodoridium sp A >o Sphaerodoropsis biserialis (Berkeley and Berkeley, 1944) ^rM Sphaerodoropsis minuta (Webster and Benedict, 1887)*- Sphaerodorops is sexantennella Kudenov, 1993 Sphaerodoropsis sphaerulifer (Moore, 1909) Sphaerodorum papillifer Moore, 190 9 1. Body long, vermiform; dorsum with 2 rows of sessile macrotubercles with long terminal papillae; first setiger with recurved hooks 2 1. Body short, grub-like; dorsum with more than 2 rows of macrotubercles; first setiger without recurved hooks 4 2. All setae simple, with small lateral boss Sphaerodorum papillif er 2. All setae compound (except recurved hooks) Ephesiella 3 3. Microtubercles partially fused to macrotubercles; dorsum and ventrum densely papillated Ephesiella mammif era 3. Microtubercles separated from macrotubercles on dorsum; dorsum with only few papillae Ephesiella brevicapitis 4. Dorsum with 4 rows of sessile macrotubercles 5 4 . Dorsum with more than 4 rows of macrotubercles 7 5. Macrotubercles with short terminal papillae; anterior face of each parapodium with more than six papillae.. Sphaerephesia 6 5. Macrotubercles without terminal papillae; anterior face of each parapodium with only single papilla Sphaerodoropsis biserialis 6. Compound setae from setigers posterior to setiger 3 very long, more than twice as long as parapodia; microtubercles present between the parapodia Sphaerephesia longisetis 6. All compound setae short, no longer than parapodia; microtubercles absent Sphaerephesia similisetis 7. Dorsum with 6-8 rows of macrotubercles 8 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazilian Biodiversity Research: a Promising Future
    BIOTA-FAPESP PROGRAM SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION BRAZILIAN BIODIVERSITY www.fapesp.br RESEARCH: A PROMISING FUTURE www.biota.org.br www.fapesp.br/biota Graphic design TATIANE BRITTO COSTA Photos CRISTIANO MENEZES (cover) Secretaria de Desenvolvimento LÉO RAMOS CHAVES Econômico, Ciência e Tecnologia EDUARDO CESAR KNOWLEDGE TO SUPPORT CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION OF BIODIVERSITY SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION RUA PIO XI, 1500, ALTO DA LAPA CEP: O5468-901 - SÃO PAULO, SP - BRASIL +55. 11. 3838-4000 The science of biodiversity is widely recognized as a priority area for scientific research in developed countries and those in development, particularly in Brazil, home of around 20% of the world species. Therefore, it was vital to establish a coordinated research program in order to promote the advancement of scientific knowledge, education and training of highly qualified professionals, as well as the knowledge transfer to public institutions, aiming to improve mechanisms and policies for conservation, restoration and sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity. Created in 1999, the BIOTA-FAPESP program came to bridge this gap, including, in its scope, terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems, ranging from bioprospection and DNA bar-coding to landscape ecology at human dimensions of biodiversity conservation, restoration and the sustainable use. FAPESP, São Paulo Research Foundation, is one of the main Brazilian agencies for promoting scientific research. This important Research Foundation has playing a seminal role in providing scientific funding to map and understand the biological diversity and ecosystem services. In 2009, FAPESP renewed for another 10 years the Biota program, aiming to prolong and enhance the rewards of a coordinated research investment, combining biodiversity research, personnel training, bioprospection and public-policy impact.
    [Show full text]