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Zoologische Mededelingen ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN WELZIJN, VOLKSGEZONDHEID EN CULTUUR) Deel 58 no. 6 11 juli 1984 ISSN 0024-0672 A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF MINUTE LEPTODACTYLID FROGS FROM NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA, WITH COMMENTS UPON PHYZELAPHRYNE (AMPHIBIA: ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) by MARINUS S. HOOGMOED and JEAN LESCURE Hoogmoed, M. S., & J. Lescure: A new genus and two new species of minute leptodactylid frogs from northern South America, with comments upon Phyzelaphryne (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Zool. Med. Leiden 58 (6), 1 l-vii-1984: 85-115, figs. 1- 11, tables 1-3. — ISSN 0024-0672. Key words: Anura; Leptodactylidae; genera; Adelophryne gen. nov.; Eleutherodactylus; Phy• zelaphryne; key; Neotropics. The synonymisation of Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer with Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus An- dersson is denied and it is shown that both species are quite distinct in numerous characters. A new genus (Adelophryne) of minute leptodactylid frogs with pointed discs on the toes and a dis• tinctly reduced fourth finger, containing two new species (A. adiastola spec. nov. and A. gutturosa spec. nov.) is described from northern South America. A key to separate the diminutive leptodac• tylid frogs with pointed toetips is given. The relationships of the new genus are not clear, but possibly are with one of the species groups of Eleutherodactylus, of the subfamily Eleutherodacty- linae. M. S. Hoogmoed, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. J. Lescure, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Reptiles et Amphibiens, 25, Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France. RESUMEN Se niega la sinonimisación de Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer con Eleutherodactylus nigrovitta• tus Andersson y se muestra que las dos espécies son bastante distincta en numerosas característi• cas. Se describe un nuevo genero (Adelophryne) de ranas leptodactylidos menudas con discos 85 86 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 58 (1984) puntiagudos en los dedos del pie y con el dedo cuarto del mano reducido, conteniendo dos espé• cies nuevas (A. adiastola spec. nov. y A. gutturosa spec. nov.) del norte de America del Sur. Se présenta una clave para la distinction de las espécies pequenas de ranas leptodactylidos con dedos del pie puntiagudos. Las relaciones del género nuevo no son claro, pero tal vez son con uno de los grupos de espécies de Eleutherodactylus, de los Eleutherodactylinos. SOMMAIRE La mise en synonymie de Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer avec Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus Andersson n'est pas valable car de nombreux caractères distinguent vraiment les deux espèces. Adelophryne, un nouveau genre de très petits Leptodactylidés, identifiable par des disques poin• tus à l'extrémité des orteils et un quatrième doigt nettement réduit, et ses deux espèces originiai- res du nord de l'Amérique du Sud, A. adiastola spec. nov. et A. gutturosa spec, nov., sont décrites. Une clé est établie pour différencier les petits Leptodactylidés qui ont l'extrémité des orteils poin• tue. Adelophryne est à notre avis un Eleutherodactyliné, mais ses relations avec les autres genres de cette sous-famille ne sont pas encore claires. INTRODUCTION From Amazonian South America several small species of leptodactylid frogs have been described recently. These species, though probably not direct• ly related, agree in being very small, having pointed tips of fingers and toes, lacking webbing between the toes, and probably share the same type of habi• tat, viz., leaf-litter. Lynch (1976) described two species from eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, which he considered belonging to the genus Euparkerella, otherwise only known from the species E. brasiliensis (Parker) from southeastern Brazil. The two new species (E. lochites and E. myrmecoides) differ from E. brasilien• sis in their more slender habitus, in having a middle ear, in having an inner tarsal tubercle, in having a proportionally longer fifth toe and in being smaller and more slender. Lynch (1976) considered the fact that the three species agreed with each other in having lost one phalanx in the fourth finger, in the condition of the palate and in the arrangement of skull bones, more important than the differences mentioned before and consequently considered them congeneric. Hey er (1977), on the occasion of the study of a collection of frogs from the Rio Madeira, evaluated the relationships between Barycholos, a few species of Eleutherodactylus (among which E. nigrovittatus Andersson), Euparkerella brasiliensis, E. myrmecoides and some specimens of a new frog species. On the basis of his analysis he came to the conclusion that the supposed relationship between E. brasiliensis and E. myrmecoides was based upon characters of loss HOOGMOED & LESCURE: SOUTH AMERICAN FROGS 87 and therefore was suspect. He came to the conclusion that they only shared two derived character states, but differed in eight others. According to Heyer (1977) the shared characters could be consequences of small size and the char• acters separating them could reflect a functional feeding shift in E. brasiliensis and a functional locomotory shift in E. myrmecoides. These data induced Heyer to erect the new genus Phyllonastes in order to accomodate the two species myrmecoides and lochites. He ascribed the similarities largely to "con• vergent adaptations to the leaf litter habitat". Another result of his evaluation was that he described the specimens of his new frog in the new genus Phyze• laphryne under the specific name P. miriamae. The genus and species are a.o. distinguished by having terminal digital papillae, distinct vomerine teeth, a single subarticular tubercle under the fourth finger and three phalanges in the fourth finger. Apart from the holotype and the three topotypic paratypes Heyer (1977) studied four additional frogs from the Vaupés River. Because of differences which he attributed to sexual dimorphism, but of which he also said they could represent differentiation at the species level, he excluded these four spe• cimens from the type-series. Lynch (1980b) considered P. miriamae conspecific with Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus and in this decision was followed by Lynch & Lescure (1980). From the text it appears that Lynch (1980b) did not study the holotype, nor any of the paratypes of P. miriamae, but solely based his decision on the des• cription and illustration of P. miriamae. According to Lynch (1980b), Heyer (1977) wrongly stated than the distal subarticular tubercle under finger IV of P. miriamae was lost and he attributed this to the fact that the proximal subar• ticular tubercles of fingers III and IV in E. nigrovittatus are relatively large and more distinct than the distal tubercles under these fingers. Our re-exami• nation of all type-material of P. miriamae and direct comparison of it with fresh specimens of E. nigrovittatus leads us to disagree with Lynch and to reinstate the genus Phyzelaphryne. Small specimens of frogs, apparently adult, from Roraima and Serra do Navio instigated the present study. Initially we arranged the specimens in the genus Euparkerella as defined by Lynch (1976), buth Heyer's (1977) article prompted us to reconsider our former opinion. Direct comparison of these specimens with the paratypes of P. miriamae and with the Vaupés specimens mentioned by Heyer (1977) convinced us that the Vaupés specimens were differ• ent from the types of P. miriamae and together with the new material formed a new genus, containing two species. 88 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 58 (1984) SPECIES ACCOUNTS Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer, 1977 (figs. 1,3, 4, 11) Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer, 1977: 153. Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus: Lynch, 1980b: 301 (partly); Lynch & Lescure, 1980: 311 (partly); Harding, 1983: 272. Material of P. miriamae. — 19, MZUSP 49894 (holotype), Igarapé Puruzinho, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil, 5­xi­1975, leg. M. H. and W. R. Heyer, F. do Val, P. E. Vanzolini; 2 9, 1 ο*, USNM 202607­8, MZUSP 49895 (paratypes), as holotype, but 5/6­xii­1975; 1 o*, USNM 239363, Parque Rio Tapajós, 75 km SW of Itaituba, Pará, Brazil, 20­Í­1979, leg. R. I. Crombie; 1 ex., DZUB not registered, Humaita, Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brazil, 9­iii­1975, leg. U. Carama­ schi. Comparative material of E. nigrovittatus. — Peru. Depto. Loreto. Colónia: 19, 2â, ΜΝΗΝΡ 1978­2839, 2844, 2845, January­March 1978, leg. P. Razon; 1 ο*, MNHNP 1978­2840, 30­V­1978, leg. J. Lescure; 1 9, 3d, MNHNP 1978­2841, 2842, 2843, 2846, 12/14­vi­1978, leg. J. Lescure. Ecuador. Napo Province. Loreto: 1 9, RMNH 21638, leg. J. Olalla. Pastaza Province. Shiona: 1 9,2 ex., RMNH 21639­41, 26­iv­1983, 2 9, RMNH 21643­4, 13­viii­1983, 1 o*, RMNH 21645, 14­viii­1983, all leg. M. S. Hoogmoed & A. Almendariz. Montalvo: 1 hgr., RMNH 21646, 16­viii­ 1983, leg. M. S. Hoogmoed & A. Almendariz. Pozo Huito, 85 km E. Montalvo: 1 9, RMNH 21642, 22­ÍV­1983, leg. M. S. Hoogmoed & A. Almendariz. Comparative material of Phyllonastes myrmecoides. — Peru. Dpto. Loreto. Colónia: 2 9, MNHNP 1979­7898/9, January ­ April 1978, leg. P. Razon. Brazil. Amazonas. Igarapé Belém (near Rio Solimoes), ± 70 km E. Letícia: 2 9,1 o*, ΑΜΝΗ 97050­52, 18/28­V­1970, leg. Β. Malkin. These two localities extend the known range of this species, so far only reported from the sur­ roundings of Iquitos, about 400 km to the east. Description. — The description given by Heyer (1977: 153­154) of this spe­ cies mostly is correct, but needs some additions and/or corrections on several points. In the following account only those characters are mentioned in which we noticed differences with Heyer's description. In lateral profile the snout is truncate to rounded. Loreal region nearly ver­ tical, slightly concave. When viewed from above, the eyes project beyond the circumference of the head (fig. 1). The tympanic annulus is complete. There is an oblique glandular ridge from some distance below the tympanum (not in contact with the tympanic annulus) to the insertion of the forelimb (fig.
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