DOCSLIB.ORG

Amphibians and Reptiles of Guyana, South America: Illustrated Keys, Annotated Species Accounts, and a Biogeographic Synopsis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amphibians and Reptiles of Guyana, South America: Illustrated Keys, Annotated Species Accounts, and a Biogeographic Synopsis PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 125(4):317–620. 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis Charles J. Cole*, Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop (CJC, CRT) Division of Vertebrates (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, New York 10024, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; (RPR) Biological Survey Unit, United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 111, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (RDM, AL) Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract.—Guyana has a very distinctive herpetofauna. In this first ever detailed modern accounting, based on voucher specimens, we document the presence of 324 species of amphibians and reptiles in the country; 148 amphibians, 176 reptiles. Of these, we present species accounts for 317 species and color photographs of about 62% (Plates 1–40). At the rate that new species are being described and distributional records are being found for the first time, we suspect that at least 350 species will be documented in a few decades. The diverse herpetofauna includes 137 species of frogs and toads, 11 caecilians, 4 crocodylians, 4 amphisbaenians, 56 lizards, 97 snakes, and 15 turtles. Endemic species, which occur nowhere else in the world, comprise 15% of the herpetofauna. Most of the endemics are amphibians, comprising 27% of the amphibian fauna. Type localities (where the type specimens or scientific name-bearers of species were found) are located within Guyana for 24% of the herpetofauna, or 36% of the amphibians. This diverse fauna results from the geographic position of Guyana on the Guiana Shield and the isolated highlands or tepuis of the eastern part of the Pantepui Region, which are surrounded by lowland rainforest and savannas. Consequently, there is a mixture of local endemic species and widespread species characteristic of Amazonia and the Guianan Region. Although the size of this volume may mislead some people into thinking that a lot is known about the fauna of Guyana, the work has just begun. Many of the species are known from fewer than five individuals in scientific collections; for many the life history, distribution, ecology, and behavior remain poorly known; few resources in the country are devoted to developing such knowledge; and as far as we are aware, no other group of animals in the fauna of Guyana has been summarized in a volume such as this to document the biological resources. We briefly discuss aspects of biogeography, as reflected in samples collected at seven lowland sites (in rainforest, savanna, and mixed habitats below 500 m elevation) and three isolated highland sites (in montane forest and evergreen high-tepui forest above 1400 m elevation). Comparisons of these sites are preliminary because sampling of the local faunas remains incomplete. * Corresponding author. 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Nevertheless, it is certain that areas of about 2.5 km2 of lowland rainforest can support more than 130 species of amphibians and reptiles (perhaps actually more than 150), while many fewer species (fewer than 30 documented so far) occur in a comparable area of isolated highlands, where low temperatures, frequent cloudiness, and poor soils are relatively unfavorable for amphibians and reptiles. Furthermore, insufficient study has been done in upland sites of intermediate elevations, where lowland and highland faunas overlap significantly, although considerable work is being accomplished in Kaieteur National Park by other investigators. Comparisons of the faunas of the lowland and isolated highland sites showed that very few species occur in common in both the lowlands and isolated highlands; that those few are widespread lowland species that tolerate highland environments; that many endemic species (mostly amphibians) occur in the isolated highlands of the Pakaraima Mountains; and that each of the isolated highlands, lowland savannas, and lowland rainforests at these 10 sites have distinctive faunal elements. No two sites were identical in species composition. Much more work is needed to compare a variety of sites, and especially to incorporate upland sites of intermediate elevations in such comparisons. Five species of sea turtles utilize the limited areas of Atlantic coastal beaches to the northwest of Georgetown. All of these are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as being of global concern for long-term survival, mostly owing to human predation. The categories of Critically Endangered or Endangered are applied to four of the local sea turtles (80%). It is important to protect the few good nesting beaches for the sea turtles of Guyana. We have documented each of the species now known to comprise the herpetofauna of Guyana by citing specimens that exist in scientific collections, many of which were collected and identified by us and colleagues, including students of the University of Guyana (UG). We also re-identified many old museum specimens collected by others in the past (e.g., collections of William Beebe) and we used documented publications and collection records of colleagues, most of whom have been working more recently. We present dichotomous keys for identifying representatives of the species known to occur in Guyana, and we present brief annotated species accounts. The accounts provide the current scientific name, original name (with citation of the original description, which we personally examined in the literature), some outdated names used in the recent past, type specimens, type localities, general geographic distribution, examples of voucher specimens from Guyana, coloration in life (and often a color photograph), and comments pointing out interesting subjects for future research. Keywords: amphibians, biogeography, Guyana, herpetology, keys, rep- tiles, South America. VOLUME 125, NUMBER 4 319 Introduction 1–40). A total of 78 of these species were described based on samples collected at Amphibians and reptiles are of interest type localities within Guyana and 39 were to humans for various reasons, ranging described and named in the last 10 years. from their usefulness for biomedical re- The lack of a modern comprehensive search and development of pharmaceuti- volume dedicated to the herpetofauna of cals to fascination with their diverse forms, Guyana has been misunderstood by some colors, life histories and behavior, and as people to mean that these organisms are models for scientific research to better unimportant and perhaps ‘‘nothing’’ was understand the nature of planet Earth. known about the species native to the Amphibians of one kind or another have country. Actually, the majority of the existed for the last 365 million yr, having species have been known to science for evolved from fish. Subsequently, the rep- decades or more (some going back to tiles evolved from an amphibian, and the Linnaeus 1758), as they occur in adjacent mammals (including humans) from a countries or broadly across Amazonia. reptile. These animals are part of our Consequently, this majority of species has own ancestry, as all living things on Earth been known to science, but most of what are part of one family tree that extends we know about them is based on research back for more than 3.5 billion yr. Am- that was done in countries other than phibians were the first terrestrial verte- Guyana. In order to identify specimens brates to appear in Earth history, and they found in Guyana, herpetologists have had and reptiles are important components of to refer to diverse publications scattered our terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, widely in the technical literature, which especially in the tropics. In contrast, can be a daunting task. Summary publi- humans have existed for considerably less cations (with lists of possibly relevant than the most recent 1 million yr and have species or comprehensive monographs) had significant negative impact on plane- concerning the Guianan Region and South tary ecosystems, particularly in just the last America that have been most broadly 200 yr. In terms of the natural resources of helpful to us include the following: Rivero Guyana, the amphibians and reptiles (1961), Taylor (1968), Peters & Donoso- (herpetofauna) are among the most poorly Barros (1970), Peters & Orejas-Miranda known. (1970), Brazaitis (1973), Hoogmoed (1973, The first checklist of the herpetofauna of 1979), Chippaux (1986), Ernst & Barbour Guyana included a total of 164 species, (1989), Avila-Pires (1995, 2005), Barrio- including 50 frogs and toads, 2 caecilians, Amoro´s (1998), Starace (1998), Gorzula & 1 amphisbaenian, 4 crocodilians, 33 liz- Sen˜aris (1999), Lescure & Marty (2000), ards, 63 snakes, and 11 turtles (Beebe Reynolds et al. (2002), Savage (2002), 1919). Today we are confident that twice Campbell & Lamar (2004), Duellman as many species of amphibians and reptiles (2005), Sen˜aris & MacCulloch (2005), and occur in Guyana. The present volume Frost (2011). Some of these papers provide documents 324 species (plus 20 thought skeleton lists of species of the herpetofau- to occur in Guyana but not yet document- na of Guyana and adjacent areas, but none ed plus an unknown number of new presents the perspective of Guyana on species yet to be discovered), including details for confirmed voucher specimens 137 frogs and toads, 11 caecilians, 4 that were identified or re-identified recent- crocodylians, 4 amphisbaenians, 56 liz- ly, extensive literature citations, identifica- ards, 97 snakes, and 15 turtles (about 62% tion keys, illustrations of specimens, or are shown in color photographs in Plates suggestions for future research. 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON The present volume scratches the sur- raphy, faunal comparisons, and conserva- face, as considerable research remains to tion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Helminths from Lizards and Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America Ticle R A
    The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2010 | volume 16 | issue 4 | pages 543-572 Checklist of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America TICLE R A Ávila RW (1), Silva RJ (1) EVIEW R (1) Department of Parasitology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Abstract: A comprehensive and up to date summary of the literature on the helminth parasites of lizards and amphisbaenians from South America is herein presented. One-hundred eighteen lizard species from twelve countries were reported in the literature harboring a total of 155 helminth species, being none acanthocephalans, 15 cestodes, 20 trematodes and 111 nematodes. Of these, one record was from Chile and French Guiana, three from Colombia, three from Uruguay, eight from Bolivia, nine from Surinam, 13 from Paraguay, 12 from Venezuela, 27 from Ecuador, 17 from Argentina, 39 from Peru and 103 from Brazil. The present list provides host, geographical distribution (with the respective biome, when possible), site of infection and references from the parasites. A systematic parasite-host list is also provided. Key words: Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda, Squamata, neotropical. INTRODUCTION The present checklist summarizes the diversity of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians Parasitological studies on helminths that of South America, providing a host-parasite list infect squamates (particularly lizards) in South with localities and biomes. America had recent increased in the past few years, with many new records of hosts and/or STUDIED REGIONS localities and description of several new species (1-3).
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
    Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Anura: Brachycephalidae) Com Base Em Dados Morfológicos
    Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de Anatomia Comparada de Vertebrados Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília Sistemática filogenética do gênero Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) com base em dados morfológicos Tese apresentada ao Programa de pós-graduação em Biologia Animal para a obtenção do título de doutor em Biologia Animal Leandro Ambrósio Campos Orientador: Antonio Sebben Co-orientador: Helio Ricardo da Silva Maio de 2011 Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal TESE DE DOUTORADO LEANDRO AMBRÓSIO CAMPOS Título: “Sistemática filogenética do gêneroBrachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) com base em dados morfológicos.” Comissão Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Antonio Sebben Presidente / Orientador UnB Prof. Dr. José Peres Pombal Jr. Prof. Dr. Lílian Gimenes Giugliano Membro Titular Externo não Vinculado ao Programa Membro Titular Interno Vinculado ao Programa Museu Nacional - UFRJ UnB Prof. Dr. Cristiano de Campos Nogueira Prof. Dr. Rosana Tidon Membro Titular Interno Vinculado ao Programa Membro Titular Interno Vinculado ao Programa UnB UnB Brasília, 30 de maio de 2011 Dedico esse trabalho à minha mãe Corina e aos meus irmãos Flávio, Luciano e Eliane i Agradecimentos Ao Prof. Dr. Antônio Sebben, pela orientação, dedicação, paciência e companheirismo ao longo do trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Helio Ricardo da Silva pela orientação, companheirismo e pelo auxílio imprescindível nas expedições de campo. Aos professores Carlos Alberto Schwartz, Elizabeth Ferroni Schwartz, Mácia Renata Mortari e Osmindo Pires Jr. pelos auxílios prestados ao longo do trabalho. Aos técnicos Pedro Ivo Mollina Pelicano, Washington José de Oliveira e Valter Cézar Fernandes Silveira pelo companheirismo e auxílio ao longo do trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Anolis Planiceps (Leaf Anole)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Diversity Anolis planiceps (Leaf Anole) Family: Polychrotidae (Anoles and Tree Lizards) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. Leaf anole, Anolis planiceps. [http://www.trinidad-tobagoherps.org/Images/planiceps.jpg, downloaded 24 October 2016] TRAITS. Formerly known as Anolis chrysolepis or Norops chrysolepis, the leaf anole measures up to 76mm from snout to vent according (D'Angiolella et al., 2011). The pads of their feet are specialised to help them rest on leaves and trunks (Fig. 1). They have a spotted red patch of skin below theirs jaws, which is extendable, called the dewlap (Fig. 2). The region along the lizard's spine has larger scales than the adjacent areas with those located in the mid-dorsal area being the largest. Along their heads are two prominent ridges as well as ridged (keeled) scales located above the eyes (Fig. 3). The dorsal scales of the leaf anole are several shades of brown while the ventral scales are a pale cream colour; patterns vary greatly within populations (Fig. 4) (Vanzolini and Williams, 1970). Male anoles have longer tails and the females have wider bodies and smaller dewlaps than males (Vitt and Zani, 2011). DISTRIBUTION. Leaf anoles may be found in a relatively wide range from east Venezuela to Guyana, Suriname, Columbia, Trinidad and Brazil (Fig. 5). They are found throughout the island of Trinidad primarily in terrestrial, highly forested areas (D'Angiolella et al, 2011). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Diversity HABITAT AND ECOLOGY.
    [Show full text]
  • De Los Reptiles Del Yasuní
    guía dinámica de los reptiles del yasuní omar torres coordinador editorial Lista de especies Número de especies: 113 Amphisbaenia Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena bassleri, Culebras ciegas Squamata: Serpentes Boidae Boa constrictor, Boas matacaballo Corallus hortulanus, Boas de los jardines Epicrates cenchria, Boas arcoiris Eunectes murinus, Anacondas Colubridae: Dipsadinae Atractus major, Culebras tierreras cafés Atractus collaris, Culebras tierreras de collares Atractus elaps, Falsas corales tierreras Atractus occipitoalbus, Culebras tierreras grises Atractus snethlageae, Culebras tierreras Clelia clelia, Chontas Dipsas catesbyi, Culebras caracoleras de Catesby Dipsas indica, Culebras caracoleras neotropicales Drepanoides anomalus, Culebras hoz Erythrolamprus reginae, Culebras terrestres reales Erythrolamprus typhlus, Culebras terrestres ciegas Erythrolamprus guentheri, Falsas corales de nuca rosa Helicops angulatus, Culebras de agua anguladas Helicops pastazae, Culebras de agua de Pastaza Helicops leopardinus, Culebras de agua leopardo Helicops petersi, Culebras de agua de Peters Hydrops triangularis, Culebras de agua triángulo Hydrops martii, Culebras de agua amazónicas Imantodes lentiferus, Cordoncillos del Amazonas Imantodes cenchoa, Cordoncillos comunes Leptodeira annulata, Serpientes ojos de gato anilladas Oxyrhopus petolarius, Falsas corales amazónicas Oxyrhopus melanogenys, Falsas corales oscuras Oxyrhopus vanidicus, Falsas corales Philodryas argentea, Serpientes liana verdes de banda plateada Philodryas viridissima, Serpientes corredoras
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Mededelingen Uitgegeven Door Het
    ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN CULTUUR, RECREATIE EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK WERK) Deel 56 no. 10 7 mei 1982 NOMENCLATURAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO ATRACTUS TRILINEATUS WAGLER, 1828 by M. S. HOOGMOED Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION The Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie material of Brachyorrhos albus (L., 1758), which had been on loan to Dr. S. B. McDowell, New York, was returned to us with the remark that reg.no. RMNH 48 from Java certainly did not belong to that species. Dr. McDowell suggested it might be an Atractus, and following his suggestion I examined this specimen. It soon became evident that Dr. McDowell had been right and that the specimen did belong to Atractus trilineatus Wagler, a species only known from Trinidad, eastern Venezuela and western Guyana (Hoogmoed, 1979: 275). HISTORY The specimen concerned (RMNH 48) belongs to the oldest part of the collec- tion of the RMNH. It turned out to have been investigated by many ancient authors and it was discovered that it is a type specimen of several nominal species. Before trying to reconstruct the history of this specimen it seems useful to give a short description. It is a female with a total length of 205 mm, the snout-vent length is 194 mm, the tail length 11 mm. Ventrals 142, anal undivid- ed, 11 subcaudals in two rows. Upper labials eight, of which the fourth and the fifth touch the eye, two postoculars, no preocular, temporals 1 + 2, lower labials eight, of which four are in contact with the chinshields.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Delimitation, Patterns of Diversification and Historical Biogeography of the Neotropical Frog Genus Adenomera
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2014) 41, 855–870 ORIGINAL Species delimitation, patterns of ARTICLE diversification and historical biogeography of the Neotropical frog genus Adenomera (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Antoine Fouquet1,2*, Carla Santana Cassini3,Celio Fernando Baptista Haddad3, Nicolas Pech4 and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues2 1CNRS Guyane USR3456, 97300 Cayenne, ABSTRACT French Guiana, 2Departamento de Zoologia, Aim For many taxa, inaccuracy of species boundaries and distributions Instituto de Bioci^encias, Universidade de S~ao hampers inferences about diversity and evolution. This is particularly true in Paulo, CEP 05508-090 S~ao Paulo, SP, Brazil, 3Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de the Neotropics where prevalence of cryptic species has often been demon- Bioci^encias, Universidade Estadual Paulista strated. The frog genus Adenomera is suspected to harbour many more species Julio de Mesquita Filho, CEP 13506-900 Rio than the 16 currently recognized. These small terrestrial species occur in Claro, SP, Brazil, 4Aix-Marseille Universite, Amazonia, Atlantic Forest (AF), and in the open formations of the Dry Diagonal CNRS, IRD, UMR 7263 – IMBE, Evolution (DD: Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga). This widespread and taxonomically com- Genome Environnement, 13331 Marseille plex taxon provides a good opportunity to (1) test species boundaries, and (2) Cedex 3, France investigate historical connectivity between Amazonia and the AF and associated patterns of diversification. Location Tropical South America east of the Andes. Methods We used molecular data (four loci) to estimate phylogenetic rela- tionships among 320 Adenomera samples. These results were integrated with other lines of evidence to propose a conservative species delineation. We subse- quently used an extended dataset (seven loci) and investigated ancestral area distributions, dispersal–vicariance events, and the temporal pattern of diversifi- cation within Adenomera.
    [Show full text]
  • Digitization Strategic Plan
    Creating a Digital Smithsonian DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN Fiscal Years 2010–2015 1002256_StratPlan.indd 2 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM INTRODUCTION 2 Extending Reach/Enhancing Meaning 3 What, Exactly, Is Digitization? 3 What Are We Digitizing? 4 Launching a New Era 5 Broaden Access 5 Preserve Collections 5 Support Education 5 Enrich Context 6 A Straightforward Approach 6 Assessing Cost and Timelines 7 From Pioneer to Leader 7 Virtual Access Ensures Relevance and Impact 8 Infinite Reach 8 creating a GOALS, OBJECTIVES, ACTION STEPS 10 Mission 10 Values 10 digital smithsonian STRATEGIC GOALS 11 Goal 1: Digital Assets 11 Goal 2: Digitization Program 12 Goal 3: Organizational Capacity 13 APPENDIX A: DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN COMMITTEE CHARTER 14 APPENDIX B: SMITHSONIAN DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN COMMITTEE 14 APPENDIX C: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15 Photo Credits 15 APPENDIX D: DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN WORKING GROUP MEMBERS 16 1002256_StratPlan.indd 3 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM creating a digital smithsonian 1002256_StratPlan.indd 1 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM Introduction Picture a room with infinite capacity. It is absent cabinets or shelves, yet it holds tens of millions of objects and records — scientifically invaluable specimens, artifacts that connect us to our heritage, and research findings from some of the greatest minds in the world. Delving into its contents, a schoolgirl sitting in a North Creating a Digital Smithsonian is an ambitious five-year Dakota classroom can hear the voices of Jane Addams plan that lays out how we will accomplish digitization — the and Linus Pauling plead for peace in earlier times. A activity that will help us realize these benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Evolution in Three Brazilian Leptodactylus Species
    Hereditas 146: 104Á111 (2009) Chromosome evolution in three Brazilian Leptodactylus species (Anura, Leptodactylidae), with phylogenetic considerations JOA˜ O REINALDO CRUZ CAMPOS1, FERNANDO ANANIAS2, CINTHIA AGUIRRE BRASILEIRO3, MARCOS YAMAMOTO4,CE´ LIO FERNANDO BAPTISTA HADDAD1 and SANAE KASAHARA1 1Instituto de Biocieˆncias, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil 2Univ.Sa˜o Francisco, Braganc¸a Paulista, SP, Brasil 3Museu de Histo´ria Natural, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil 4Depto do Meio Ambiente, Votorantim Celulose e Papel S/A, Santa Branca, SP, Brasil Campos, J. R. C., Ananias, F., Brasileiro, C. A., Yamamoto, M., Haddad, C. F. B. and Kasahara, S. 2009. Chromosome evolution in three Brazilian Leptodactylus species (Anura, Leptodactylidae), with phylogenetic considerations. * Hereditas 0146: 104Á111. Lund, Sweden. eISSN 1601-5223. Received September 29, 2008. Accepted December 22, 2008 Karyotypic analyses on three species of the Leptodactylus from Brazil showed 2n24 in L.cf.marmoratus,2n23 in Leptodactylus sp. (aff. bokermanni), and 2n26 in L. hylaedactylus, with distinct numbers of bi and uni-armed chromosomes. Leptodactylus cf. marmoratus presented a variation as regard to the morphology of pair 12. All specimens of L.cf.marmoratus had Ag-NOR in pair 6, confirmed by FISH, but the sample from one of the localities presented additional Ag-NOR, in one of the chromosomes 8. In Leptodactylus sp. (aff. bokermanni) and L. hylaedactylus the chromosome pairs bearing Ag-NOR are 11 and 7, respectively. The C banding patterns are predominantly centromeric, but only in L. marmoratus this heterochromatin appeared very brilliant with DAPI. On the other hand, bright labelling was noticed with CMA3 in the three species, on the Ag-NOR site.
    [Show full text]
  • Leftright Dewlap Asymmetry and Phylogeography of Anolis Lineatus on Aruba and Curaao
    bs_bs_banner Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, ••, ••–••. With 7 figures Left–right dewlap asymmetry and phylogeography of Anolis lineatus on Aruba and Curaçao GABRIEL E. A. GARTNER1,2*, TONY GAMBLE3,4, ALEXANDER L. JAFFE1,2, ALEXIS HARRISON1,2 and JONATHAN B. LOSOS1,2 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 4Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA Received 27 March 2013; revised 30 April 2013; accepted for publication 1 May 2013 Anolis lizards exhibit a remarkable degree of diversity in the shape, colour, pattern and size of their dewlaps. Asymmetry, where one side of the dewlap differs in pattern or colour from the other, has only been reported in one species, Anolis lineatus, and then on only one of the two islands from which it occurs. Given the importance of the dewlap in intra- and interspecific signalling, we expanded on previous work by (1) investigating whether the reported asymmetry actually occurs and, if so, whether it occurs on animals from both Aruba and Curaçao; (2) examining whether populations differ in other aspects of their morphology or ecology; and (3) resolving the evolutionary relationships and the history of the two populations. We confirmed the presence of the asymmetrical dewlap on Curaçao and found that the asymmetry extends to populations on Aruba as well. Animals on Curaçao were smaller overall than populations from Aruba with relatively shorter metatarsals, radii, and tibias but relatively deeper heads, longer jaws, and wider and more numerous toepads on fore and hind feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
    AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Caecilia Guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) in Central America
    17 2 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 17 (2): 649–653 https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.649 First record of Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) in Central America Luis C. Elizondo-Lara Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama • luis. [email protected]; [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-6717 Departamento de Fisiología y Comportamiento Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama Red Mesoamericana y del Caribe para la Conservación de Anfibios y Reptiles Abstract I report the first encounter in Central America of an individual of Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae). The individual was observed and collected in a primary evergreen submontane forest in Cerro Pirre, Darien Province, Republic of Panama. It was identified mainly by the low counts of secondary and primary folds. The encounter of this individual of C. guntheri highlights the disjunct populations and apparently the results of dispersion of this species from South to Central America by biotic exchange as result of the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Keywords Amphibians, biotic exchange, Cerro Pirre, Darien, disjunct distribution, Panama Academic editor: Javier Ernesto Cortés Suárez | Received 28 December 2020 | Accepted 28 March 2021 | Published 13 April 2021 Citation: Elizondo-Lara LC (2021) First record of Caecilia guntheri Dunn, 1942 (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) in Central America. Check List 17 (2): 649–653. https://doi.org/10.15560/17.2.649 Introduction The genus Caecilia Linnaeus, 1758 was described from Rica (Köhler 2011; Kubicki and Arias 2017).
    [Show full text]