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Managing Your Native Prairie Parcels Your Guide to Caring for Native Prairie in Saskatchewan by Jim Moen © Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, 1998

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Managing Your Native Prairie Parcels Your Guide to Caring for Native Prairie in Saskatchewan by Jim Moen © Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, 1998 NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP ManagingManaging YourYour NativeNative PrairiePrairie ParcelsParcels Your Guide to Caring for Native Prairie in Saskatchewan NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP Managing Your Native Prairie Parcels Your Guide to Caring for Native Prairie in Saskatchewan by Jim Moen © Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, 1998 ISBN 1-896 793-19-3 Published by Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation Room 101 - 2022 Cornwall Street Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 2K5 Tel (306) 787-0726 :ax (306) 787-0780 Design: The Noblet Design Group Printing: Western Litho Line Drawings: Rhondi Taylor-Davis Photography: Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation unless otherwise noted Printed in Canada with vegetable ink on recycled paper 3M 01-98 1 NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation greatly acknowledges the support of the following funding partners: Agriculture Canada through Agriculture Institute of Management in Sasakatchewan (AIMS), Canadian Adaptation and Rural Development in Saskatchewan and the Canada-Saskatchewan Agriculture Green Plan Agreement - Canada Millenium Partnership Program - Canada Trust, 'riends of the Environment 'oundation - Environment Canada through eco-ACTION 2000 and the Canadian Wildlife Service - Ducks Unlimited Canada - National 'ish and Wildlife 'oundation (U.S.) - 'ish and Wlidlife Development 'und through Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Wildlife Habitat Canada Thank you to the many contributors to this guide: Steve Allen, Lillian Body, Gary Bowes, George Colvin, Phil Curry, Luc Delanoy, Joan 'etterley, Jack Hay, Denis Huel, Brant Kirychuk, Brendan Kowalenko, Don Murphy, Dean Nernberg, Hal Petterson, Arnie Robinson, Jim Romo, Don and Nora Stewart and Dean Tavenetz. We appreciate the helpful comments and suggestions of a number of external reviewers of this document. Thanks to Zoheir Abouguendia, Terry and Della Anderson, Jim Birch, Ed Bueckert, Cecil Burima, Larry and June Grass Virginia Cranston, Ian and Verna Eaton, Jack Needle and Thread Grass and Velma Eppen, Tim 'ink, Louis 'ox, Darcy and Carolyn Glessing, Brendan Kowalenko, Bette and Dennis Reiss, Deryl Richards, Jim Romo, Isaac Schellenberg, Colleen Scissons, Rick Stokes, Doress Thiessen, Donald Wesa, Victor and Olive Woytowich. Thanks to staff at the Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation for their efforts in the development, production and editing of this guide: Lesley Hall, Tom Harrison, Sharon Metz and Greg Riemer. 2 NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP WHO IS THIS GUIDE WHY WAS THIS GUIDE This private stewardship is a commitment by you, the OR? PRODUCED? landowner, to conserve and This planning guide is for Our southern Saskatchewan maintain the natural features of Saskatchewan landowners who landscape is one of the most your land. The Native Prairie have remnant native prairie. altered land areas in the world. Stewardship Program is Remnant native prairie is a patch Most of the land suitable for crop providing technical assistance to of native grassland in an area production has been ploughed landowners to help manage their dominated by non-native and cultivated. The vast majority remnant native prairie. In vegetation, such as cropland. In of native prairie has been lost addition, you may wish to other words, when you look at a from these areas. In many areas, protect your piece of native landscape, natural prairie land is less than 3% of the landscape prairie for the future by placing a in the minority. remains as native grassland. We conservation easement on the This guide will assist you to: risk losing what little native land title. More information on prairie remains in Saskatchewan. conservation easements is gain a better understanding of provided in this guide. your native prairie The Native Prairie Stewardship Program is being implemented by set goals and make plans for the Saskatchewan Wetland the future conservation and Conservation Corporation enhancement of your native (SWCC) with the aim of prairie working with landowners to do a self-assessment of your conserve remnant native prairie. native prairie explore techniques to improve your native prairie identify new income opportunities from your native prairie become aware of legal tools for conserving this land photo courtesy of Dean Nernberg Many management techniques are described in this guide, but because of their complex nature all aspects of their application is not covered. 'or more information on these techniques, reading materials and resource people are listed at the back of the guide. Ed Harder on his prairie land near Hepburn 3 NATIVE PRPRAIRIEAIRIE STEWARDSHIP TABLE O CONTENTS Acknowledgements Who is this guide for? Why was this guide produced? SASKATCHEWAN NATIVE PRAIRIE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP The prairie ecosystem Voluntary stewardship and the Native Prairie Stewardship Program Saskatchewan prairie plant communities Conservation easements: a tool for private landowners Climate Donate or sell your land to a conservation organization Grazing "ire Stories What does this mean for prairie management? Easement conserves Bradwell land Last Mountain lake farmers donate land The Saskatchewan Prairie Today Where has all the prairie gone? Were left with remnants! Bibliography Why should we be concerned about native prairie? Remnant Prairie Inventory Appendix A - Assessing native remnants and conservation easements What is threatening prairie remnants? How can your assessment be appealed? How can native prairie be conserved? How do conservation easements affect land assessment? Notes Appendix B - Conservation agencies who may Archeological and historical resources hold easements Economic diversification and native prairie Appendix C - Agencies and associations with Stories information on native prairie conservation and Restoring mixed grass prairie at Last Mountain Lake restoration Conserving a special piece of native prairie at Luseland Conservation of native prairie Archeological resources on native prairie DEVELOP A MANAGEMENT PLAN Native prairie plants OR YOUR PRAIRIE Restoration of native prairie Step 1 - Write down what you value about your native prairie Wildlife Step 2 - Set goals for your native prairie Setting goals and making plans Step 3 - Map and take stock of your native prairie Controlling exotic and problem vegetation Step 4 - Develop a plan of action Prescribed burning What actions will you take? Livestock and grazing management Step 5 - Monitor and evaluate your progress Water, wetlands and riparian management Income opportunities from your native prairie Notes Legal tools for conserving native prairie Identifying Native Plants Appendix D - Saskatchewan Agriculture and Invasive Species Checklist ood Rural Service Centres Safety is important Leafy Spurge: control with beetles and sheep Appendix E - Saskatchewan Provincial Library Using sheep fescue to fight brome System Stories Index Biggar farmer takes the pressure off his native prairie Meewasin Valley Authority uses fire to control exotic plants Wicking bromegrass along Eagle Creek Controlling buckbrush in Kronau Harvesting and marketing native seeds at Arcola Coderre man harvests native seeds NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP Saskatchewan 11 Native Prairie THE PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM by these disturbances. SASKATCHEWAN PRAIRIE PLANT COMMUNITIES The Saskatchewan prairies We often talk about Native prairie is dominated by formed after the glaciers ecosystems, especially when grasses, but it is anything but began to retreat 16,000 we talk about natural areas. boring! There are hundreds of years ago. This geological An ecosystem refers to a different grasses and wildflowers, as well as shrubs and trees. history has left us with group of living things and Careful observation of prairie distinctive landforms and their physical environment. from spring to fall reveals a constantly changing variety of life soils. The native prairie A very small system, such as - the plants put on an amazing developed on that landscape a pond, can be viewed as an display of colours, textures, and and in an environment ecosystem, as can the entire shapes. characterized by a harsh world. Basically, when we Biodiversity (short for biological diversity) is a term used to talk climate, grazing pressure, talk about an ecosystem, we about the variety of living things. and fires. It can be said are talking about the whole Biodiversity is important at three that the prairies were shaped pond or field, and all that is levels: (1) SPECIES: the number of in it. We can look at the different species, original native prairie as an (2) GENES: the genetic variety within each species, and ecosystem made up of plants, (3) COMMUNITIES: the variety animals, humans, soils, of community types (groups of landforms, climatic events, species). fires, and grazing. Biodiversity results from living things adapting to their environment. 'or example, in a healthy native prairie, there are species that thrive in moist conditions and some that prefer dry hillslopes. The existence of all of these species allows the prairie to maintain ground cover in drought and wet years. The species simply fluctuate in numbers in response to the environmental conditions. 5 photo courtesy of Dean Nernberg NATIVE PRAIRIE STEWARDSHIP grasses like blue grama. The shorter grasses predominate where it is drier or where there is overgrazing. escue prairie is found in the black soil zone and moister areas of the dark brown soil zone. It is named after its dominant grass species, plains rough fescue. The thick growth
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